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• How can I mount dd image of a partition?

  - by Puneet Arora

  I created a dd image of a partition (containing an HFS+ FS) of one of my disks (and not the entire disk) a few days ago using the following command - dd conv=sync,noerror bs=8k if=/dev/sdc2 of=/path/to/img How can I mount it? I tried the following but it doesn't work - mount -o loop,ro -t hfsplus /path/to/img /path/to/mntDir It gives me mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so and dmesg | tail gives me - [5248455.568479] hfs: invalid secondary volume header [5248455.568494] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5248462.674836] hfs: invalid secondary volume header [5248462.674843] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5248550.672105] hfs: invalid secondary volume header [5248550.672115] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5248993.612026] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5248998.103385] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5249031.441359] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5249036.274864] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock Is there something wrong that I am doing? I tried searching on how to do this but all the results I get only talk about mounting a partition from within a full disk image, using the offset option with mount - none talk about the case where the image itself is that of a partition. Thanks. PS: I'm running 64bit Arch Linux, and the partition from the original disk /dev/sdc2 mounts fine.

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• How do I ensure a process is running, even if it kills itself? (it needs to be restarted then)

  - by le_me

  I'm using linux. I want a process (an irc bot) to run every time I start the computer. But I've got a problem: The network is bad and it disconnects often, so I need to manually restart the bot a few times a day. How do I automate that? Additional information: The bot creates a pid file, called bot.pid The bot reconnects itself, but only a few times. The network is too bad, so the bot kills itself sometimes because it gets no response. What I do currently (aka my approach ;) ) I have a cron job executing startbot.rb every 5 minutes. (The script itself is in the same directory as the bot) The script: #!/usr/bin/ruby require 'fileutils' if File.exists?(File.expand_path('tmp/bot.pid')) @pid = File.read(File.expand_path('tmp/bot.pid')).chomp!.to_i begin raise "ouch" if Process.kill(0, @pid) != 1 rescue puts "Removing abandoned pid file" FileUtils.rm(File.expand_path('tmp/bot.pid')) puts "Starting the bot!" Kernel.exec(File.expand_path('./bot.rb')) else puts "Bot up and running!" end else puts "Starting the bot!" Kernel.exec(File.expand_path('./bot.rb')) end What this does: It checks if the pid file exists, if that's true it checks if kill -s 0 BOT_PID == 1 (if the bot's running) and starts the bot if one of the two checks fail/are not true. My approach seems to be quite dirty so how do I do it better?

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• How can I make Internet Explorer 6 render Web pages like Internet Explorer 11?

  - by gparyani

  Now, I know that this may seem like a bad question in that I can just upgrade to Internet Explorer 8, but I am sticking with IE6 in that IE8 removes valuable features, like the ability to save favorites offline and the fact that a file path turns into a Windows Explorer window and typing a Web address into Windows Explorer changes it into an IE window. I know that Internet Explorer 6 does a really bad job at rendering some pages. I know of the Google Chrome Frame extension that brings Chrome-style rendering into IE, but that will soon be discontinued. So, I tried another thing: I know that C:\Windows\System32\mshtml.dll contains the Trident rendering engine that is used by IE, so I tried something: I first backed up the original file by renaming it on Windows XP to mshtml-old.dll, then I tried to copy in the DLL from a computer running Windows 7 with Internet Explorer 10. I noticed that, after copying, the system had replaced the new DLL with the old one, but left the one I backed up intact. Is there any way I can get the system to not replace the DLL like that so that I can transfer in IE11's mshtml.dll into Windows XP and make IE6 render like IE11? I'm looking for an answer that describes how to tweak my system to make IE6 render like IE11 (or IE10), not one that tells me to upgrade IE or install another browser. I don't care how tedious the method is, just as long as it works.

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• How to get an inactive RAID device working again?

  - by Jonik

  After booting, my RAID1 device (/dev/md_d0 *) sometimes goes in some funny state and I cannot mount it. * Originally I created /dev/md0 but it has somehow changed itself into /dev/md_d0. # mount /opt mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md_d0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error (could this be the IDE device where you in fact use ide-scsi so that sr0 or sda or so is needed?) In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so The RAID device appears to be inactive somehow: # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md_d0 : inactive sda4[0](S) 241095104 blocks # mdadm --detail /dev/md_d0 mdadm: md device /dev/md_d0 does not appear to be active. Question is, how to make active the device again (using mdmadm, I presume)? (Other times it's alright (active) after boot, and I can mount it manually without problems. But it still won't mount automatically even though I have it in /etc/fstab: /dev/md_d0 /opt ext4 defaults 0 0 So a bonus question: what should I do to make the RAID device automatically mount at /opt at boot time?) This is an Ubuntu 9.10 workstation. Background info about my RAID setup in this question.

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• both ssl and non-ssl on single port

  - by Zulakis

  I would like to make my apache2 webserver serve both http and https on the same port. With the different method i tried it was either not working on http or on https.. How can I do this? Update: If I enable SSL and then visit the with http I get page like this: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"> <html><head> <title>400 Bad Request</title> </head><body> <h1>Bad Request</h1> <p>Your browser sent a request that this server could not understand.<br /> Reason: You're speaking plain HTTP to an SSL-enabled server port.<br /> Instead use the HTTPS scheme to access this URL, please.<br /> <blockquote>Hint: <a href="https://server/"><b>https://server/</b></a></blockquote></p> <hr> <address>Apache/2.2.9 (Debian) PHP/5.2.6-1+lenny16 with Suhosin-Patch mod_ssl/2.2.9 OpenSSL/0.9.8g Server at server Port 443</address> </body></html> Because of this, it seems very much possible to have both http and https on the same port. A first step would be to change this default-page so it would present a 301-Moved header. Update2: According to this, it is possible. Now, the question is just how to configure apache to do it.

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• SSH multi-hop connections with netcat mode proxy

  - by aef

  Since OpenSSH 5.4 there is a new feature called natcat mode, which allows you to bind STDIN and STDOUT of local SSH client to a TCP port accessible through the remote SSH server. This mode is enabled by simply calling ssh -W [HOST]:[PORT] Theoretically this should be ideal for use in the ProxyCommand setting in per-host SSH configurations, which was previously often used with the nc (netcat) command. ProxyCommand allows you to configure a machine as proxy between you local machine and the target SSH server, for example if the target SSH server is hidden behind a firewall. The problem now is, that instead of working, it throws a cryptic error message in my face: Bad packet length 1397966893. Disconnecting: Packet corrupt Here is an excerpt from my ~/.ssh/config: Host * Protocol 2 ControlMaster auto ControlPath ~/.ssh/cm_socket/%r@%h:%p ControlPersist 4h Host proxy-host proxy-host.my-domain.tld HostName proxy-host.my-domain.tld ForwardAgent yes Host target-server target-server.my-domain.tld HostName target-server.my-domain.tld ProxyCommand ssh -W %h:%p proxy-host ForwardAgent yes As you can see here, I'm using the ControlMaster feature so I don't have to open more than one SSH connection per-host. The client machine I tested this with is an Ubuntu 11.10 (x86_64) and both proxy-host and target-server are Debian Wheezy Beta 3 (x86_64) machines. The error happens when I call ssh target-server. When I call it with the -v flag, here is what I get additionally: OpenSSH_5.8p1 Debian-7ubuntu1, OpenSSL 1.0.0e 6 Sep 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /home/aef/.ssh/config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Applying options for target-server.my-domain.tld debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: auto-mux: Trying existing master debug1: Control socket "/home/aef/.ssh/cm_socket/[email protected]:22" does not exist debug1: Executing proxy command: exec ssh -W target-server.my-domain.tld:22 proxy-host.my-domain.tld debug1: identity file /home/aef/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/aef/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/aef/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/aef/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/aef/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/aef/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: permanently_drop_suid: 1000 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_6.0p1 Debian-3 debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.0p1 Debian-3 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.8p1 Debian-7ubuntu1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent Bad packet length 1397966893. Disconnecting: Packet corrupt

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• Private IP getting routed over Internet

  - by WernerCD

  We are setting up an internal program, on an internal server that uses the private 172.30.x.x subnet... when we ping the address 172.30.138.2, it routes across the internet: C:\>tracert 172.30.138.2 Tracing route to 172.30.138.2 over a maximum of 30 hops 1 6 ms 1 ms 1 ms xxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.org [192.168.28.1] 2 * * * Request timed out. 3 12 ms 13 ms 9 ms xxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxx.xx.xxx.xxxxxxx.net [68.85.xx.xx] 4 15 ms 11 ms 55 ms te-7-3-ar01.salisbury.md.bad.comcast.net [68.87.xx.xx] 5 13 ms 14 ms 18 ms xe-11-0-3-0-ar04.capitolhghts.md.bad.comcast.net [68.85.xx.xx] 6 19 ms 18 ms 14 ms te-1-0-0-4-cr01.denver.co.ibone.comcast.net [68.86.xx.xx] 7 28 ms 30 ms 30 ms pos-4-12-0-0-cr01.atlanta.ga.ibone.comcast.net [68.86.xx.xx] 8 30 ms 43 ms 30 ms 68.86.xx.xx 9 30 ms 29 ms 31 ms 172.30.138.2 Trace complete. This has a number of us confused. If we had a VPN setup, it wouldn't show up as being routed across the internet. If it hit an internet server, Private IP's (such as 192.168) shouldn't get routed. What would let a private IP address get routed across servers? would the fact that it's all comcast mean that they have their routers setup wrong?

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• Server 2003 Remote Desktop loses its virtual printer image of the local printer

  - by Charles Hart

  Server 2003 Remote Desktop provides service to stores served by several ISPs. The server loses its virtual printer image of the local printer (as seen from the remote store site) and a copy of the original local printer appears on the local computer with a different driver without notice. Specifically: A remote desktop session is opened on a local computer that has a Brother HL2140 USB printer connected and the associated software installed with a correct driver shown under the “advanced” button. The server has the same Brother software and driver. An application that is running on the server attempts to print on the local printer connected to the local computer running Vista Pro or XP Pro. Either it works correctly (Good) or it does not print (Bad) or it prints on another Local Printer connected to another local computer logged into the server (Bad and Odd). When it doesn’t print (or prints somewhere else) we ask the customer to look for the (virtual) printer using the Remote desktop view of the server and the printer is gone. Then we ask the customer to look at the printers folder in the local computer. There are several possibilities: The printer is there, but the driver is mysteriously changed in the drop down to MDX something; we have the customer select the other (proper) Brother driver, and all is well again, as now after the change, the virtual printer in the server (which now matches the local printer) appears again, and so printing can resume. A “copy” of the printer mysteriously appears in the local printer’s folder and after we delete it the virtual printer in the server appears again and so printing can resume. Note that in both case 1 and 2, the server sometimes sends the print job elsewhere, to some other local computer. Meanwhile in the log file, endless errors are reported and the server eventually crashes, sometimes twice a day. I’m puzzled what changes the local printer driver and I’m puzzled what loads the copy 2 or copy 3 of the printer in the local printer folder. This entire description randomly occurs on any of 40+ local computers in eight different locations in different ISPs, all sharing one Domain.

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• What kinds of protections against viruses does Linux provide out of the box for the average user?

  - by ChocoDeveloper

  I know others have asked this, but I have other questions related to this. In particular, I'm concerned about the damage that the virus can do the user itself (his files), not the OS in general nor other users of the same machine. This question came to my mind because of that ransomware virus that is encrypting machines all over the world, and then asking the user to send a payment in Bitcoin if he wants to recover his files. I have already received and opened the email that is supposed to contain the virus, so I guess I didn't do that bad because nothing happened. But would I have survived if I opened the attachment and it was aimed at Linux users? I guess not. One of the advantages is that files are not executable by default right after downloading them. Is that just a bad default in Windows and could be fixed with a proper configuration? As a Linux user, I thought my machine was pretty secure by default, and I was even told that I shouldn't bother installing an antivirus. But I have read some people saying that the most important (or only?) difference is that Linux is just less popular, so almost no one writes viruses for it. Is that right? What else can I do to be safe from this kind of ransomware virus? Not automatically executing random files from unknown sources seems to be more than enough, but is it? I can't think of many other things a user can do to protect his own files (not the OS, not other users), because he has full permissions on them.

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• New to building computers worried about temps

  - by dave

  I'm new to building my own computers and I was wondering about maximum temperatures. I understand that the room temp can affect the computers temp but how relevent is it? I understand that if my room temp is 20°C none of my computer parts could be lower than that. But if my room is 27°C instead of 20°C would this cause my computers parts to heat up more/faster? My new computer I built myself for gaming is i7 2600k 16gb ram ddr3 1600 hd6970 2 gb 240gb ssd ( bought a nas with 3 2tb drives in raid 5 for my home network ) 850w modular psu I also have my old hp computer i3 2120 8gb ram hd6770 1tb hdd I also have 3 laptops in my household, but I am not worried about their temps, they heat up my legs but they are never under stress. Due to size and money reasons I used an old case and it only has one of the sides left on it. Is this bad for the computer and will the extra dust cause problems? Or should I leave it this way or take the missus wrath and buy a case? If so is there any certain case I should get? I don't care about looks I just want card reader and usb slots and for it to run as cool or cooler than now, my case has 1 fan. Also what are the max temps for my new and old computer parts? Is 40°C under load ok for my CPU, what about 70°C for my GPU is that ok too, or should I worry? What are normal and safe temps for my components? I have looked around but there seem to be lots of different answers. I know that 100°C is bad but I want my parts to last as long as possible and this site always seems to give good replies without arguing or flaming.

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• What can cause a kernel hang on redhat 4?

  - by Ivan Buttinoni

  I've to solve a nasty problem on a ten machine "cluster": randomly one of these machine hang during an hard computation, sometime still ping sometime not. The problem was described me at the phone, I've still no touch/see these machine, so I can't be more precise. It seem there's no (real) keyboard or monitor linked to them, so I haven't nothing about keyboard led or messages on monitor. Don't worry, what I really need is some suggestion where to search the problem, some suggestions on what can cause a kernel hang on a working machine. I also see this post, but seem same need on a different situation. My ideas since now: - HW problem (ram, cpu, fan etc.) - bad autofs configuration - bad nfs(?) configuration - presence of a trojan/hacker/etc - /dev/"swap" linked to /dev/zero - kernel out of memory(??) - kernel bugged In other words I try to imagine what kind of envent can occour that can crash the kernel insted of the application that generate the event. What hang have YOU experienced before? Write it to me! TIA

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• How to log kernel panics without KVM

  - by Spacedust

  My server is crashing and I can't find an answer why. It all started after my datacenter upgrade RAM from 16 GB to 32 GB. I also found such logs in dmesg - they've started to show itself just before the first kernel panic: EXT4-fs error (device md2): ext4_ext_find_extent: bad header/extent in inode #97911179: invalid magic - magic 5f69, entries 28769, max 26988(0), depth 24939(0) EXT4-fs error (device md2): ext4_ext_remove_space: bad header/extent in inode #97911179: invalid magic - magic 5f69, entries 28769, max 26988(0), depth 24939(0) EXT4-fs error (device md2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy: EXT4-fs: group 20974: 8589 blocks in bitmap, 54896 in gd JBD: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = md2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. EXT4-fs error (device md2): ext4_ext_split: inode #97911179: (comm pdflush) eh_entries 28769 != eh_max 26988! EXT4-fs (md2): delayed block allocation failed for inode 97911179 at logical offset 1039 with max blocks 1 with error -5 This should not happen!! Data will be lost EXT4-fs error (device md2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy: EXT4-fs: group 21731: 5 blocks in bitmap, 60762 in gd JBD: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = md2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. My system is CentOS 5.8 64-bit with latest kernel 2.6.18-308.20.1.el5. How can I check what is the reason of kernel panic without having an access to the KVM ? I have told my datacenter admins to check the memory in the server.

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• Building vs buying a server for an academic lab [closed]

  - by Roy

  I'm looking for advice on the classic build vs buy question. We need a new linux server to run Matlab computation on in our lab (academic). Matlab parallel computing toolbox licence allows up to 12 local workers so we are aiming at a 12 core server with 4GB memory per core (total of 48gb). The system will have an SSD for the OS and a raid-5 (4x2tb) for data. I looked around and found a (relatively) cheap vendor, Silicon Mechanics, that offers a system to our liking (specs below) for $6732. However, buying the components from newegg cost only $4464! The difference is $2268 which is 50% of the base cost. If buying from a company can be thought of as a sort of insurance, basically my premiums are of 50% of the base cost which to me sounds like a lot. Of course any downtime is bad, but the work is not "mission critical", i.e. if it takes a few days to fix it when it breaks its no the end of the world. If it takes weeks to months then its a problem. If it breaks 2-3 times in 3 years, not too bad. If it breaks every month not good. In term of build experience, I set up a linux cluster in grad school (from existing computers) and I build my home pcs but I never built a server before. The server components I'm thinking about: 1 x SUPERMICRO SYS-7046T-6F 4U Tower Server Barebone Dual LGA 1366 Intel 5520 DDR3 1333/1066/800 ($1,050) 12 x Kingston 4GB 240-Pin DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 1333 (PC3 10600) ECC Unbuffered Server Memory ($420) 2 x Intel Xeon E5645 Westmere-EP 2.4GHz LGA 1366 80W Six-Core ($1,116) 4 x Seagate Constellation ES 2TB 7200 RPM SATA 6.0Gb/s 3.5" ($1,040) 1 x SAMSUNG Internal DVD Writer Black SATA ($20) 1 x Intel 520 Series 2.5" 180GB SATA III MLC SSD $300 1 x LSI LSI00281 PCI-Express 2.0 x8 MD2 Low profile SATA / SAS MegaRAID SAS 9260CV-4i Controller Card, $695

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• Flash drive suddenly died. Why? Can I recover it?

  - by mg

  Hi, I have a flash drive that I used not too much but, after few month of inactivity, it died. I know that flash drives have a limited write cycles but I am sure that this is not the problem. I tried to create a new partition table and format the drive nothing worked. This is the output of mkfs.ext2. marco@pinguina:~$ sudo LANG=en.UTF-8 mkfs.ext2 -v -c /dev/sdc1 [sudo] password for marco: mke2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010) fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: 'ext2', 'default' Calling BLKDISCARD from 0 to 4001431552 failed. Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 244320 inodes, 976912 blocks 48845 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=1002438656 30 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8144 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736 Running command: badblocks -b 4096 -X -s /dev/sdc1 976911 badblocks: Input/output error during ext2fs_sync_device Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done Block 0 in primary superblock/group descriptor area bad. Blocks 0 through 2 must be good in order to build a filesystem. Aborting.... Is there something I can do to recover it?

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• Sharing music on NAS with other zunes and ipods

  - by osij2is

  After being a long time iPod owner, I'm switching to the new Zune with its subscription model. I haven't bought a Zune yet but I'm planning on doing so within the next month or so. I have approximately 40gb worth of music and my girlfriend has her iPod music library around 30gb. I've been trying to figure out how to migrate all our music off of our laptops/desktops and centralize everything on my NAS. In sharing iPod music isn't too bad. Sharing from one machine to all is fairly easy within the iTunes player. As far as storing all the music on a NAS, again, iPods aren't too bad and imagine other systems aren't difficult. But I'm really new to the Zune and I'm beginning to run into some issues. My questions are: Is it possible to store all music from our iPods and Zune subscriptions and share music between the iPod/Zune within the same file share on my NAS? I'm sure it's possible to store music on a share, but I'm not sure how iTunes and the Zune software differs. Is there 3rd party software, maybe something like DoubleTwist that can sync based from NAS to multiple desktop/laptops? I've never used DoubleTwist but it's something that I found that looks close to being what I need. I've never quite done this myself so I'm trying to find a solution that can: a) store music on a network share; b) sync between different devices (zune/ipod) seamlessly.

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• How browsers handle multiple IPs

  - by Sandman4

  Can someone direct me to information on exact browsers behavior when browser gets multiple A records for a given hostname (say ip1 and ip2), and one of them is not accessible. I interested in EXACT details, like (but not limited to): Will browser get 2 IPs from OS, or it will get only one ? Which ip will browser try first (random or always the first one) ? Now, let's say browser started with the failed ip1 For how long will browser try ip1 ? If user hits "stop" while it waits for ip1, and then clicks refresh which IP will browser try ? What will happen when it times-out - will it start trying ip2 or give error ? (And if error, which ip will browser try when user clicks refresh). When user clicks refresh, will any browser attempt new DNS lookup ? Now let's assume browser tried working ip2 first. For the next page request, will browser still use ip2, or it may randomly switch ips ? For how long browsers keep IPs in their cache ? When browsers sends a new DNS request, and get SAME ips, will it CONTINUE to use the same known-to-be-working IP, or the process starts from scratch and it may try any of the two ? Of course it all may be browser dependent, and may also vary between versions and platforms, I'd be happy to have maximum of details. The purpose of this - I'm trying to understand what exactly users will experience when round-robin DNS based used and one of the hosts fails. Please, I'm NOT asking about how bad DNS load balancing is, and please refrain from answering "don't do it", "it's a bad idea", "you need heartbeat/proxy/BGP/whatever" and so on.

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• Grub error 18, gparted not showing anything

  - by Montecristo

  Some week ago I started having some problems with my pc, sometimes it just freezed not allowing me to do anything. I had to turn it off and on and sometimes do it a couple of time even at startup. Now it does not start at all, grub is giving me error 18. I have found that a solution is to create a bootable partition in the first sector of the disk. gparted does not recognize any partition, the window in which there would be my partitions is empty. sudo fdisk -l does not output anything. If I type sudo mount /dev/sda and then tab tab to autocomplete these are the devices coming out: sda sda1 sda2 sda5. If I launch sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/sda1 disk I get the following error: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so dmesg outputs [ 1831.974847] EXT3-fs: unable to read superblock Do you know how to solve this issue? I'm not completely sure this is a software problem, should I try with a new hard disk?

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• How to convert JPEG JFIF files to JPEG Exif format?

  - by tigrou

  I recently put the SD card of my camera in a Windows 7 PC and start browsing pictures on it. I noticed some were not aligned correctly and use rotate feature included in Windows Photo Viewer in order to view them as I wanted. What I didn't know is that when rotate feature is used, it also overwrite the picture when pressing next or previous button resulting in a possible loss of quality (which is in my opinion a bad idea, app should at least warn user of what will happened when using such a feature). After that, I re-inserted the SD card back in my camera and bad surprise happened : the rotated picture could not be previewed anymore. Instead, i got a black screen saying "Incompatible JPEG format". Other files (untouched) are still working ok. To try to understand what happened I opened a JPEG file from camera and one generated on windows 7 in a hex editor. Here is the difference : The camera JPEG files have a Exif tag in them (with 0xE1 in header). Other JPEG files (Windows 7) have first a JFIF tag in it, followed by a Exif tag (with 0xE0 in header). So if i understand it well, both are JPEG files, but using a different internal format. Here is my question : is it possible (using some tool) to convert JFIF files to Exif format ? I understand that original camera files have been reencoded and thus lose some quality (getting originals back is impossible). What i want know if convert them from JFIF back to Exif (without a second loss of quality if possible...)

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• Why not block ICMP?

  - by Agvorth

  I think I almost have my iptables setup complete on my CentOS 5.3 system. Here is my script... # Establish a clean slate iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -F # Flush all rules iptables -X # Delete all chains # Disable routing. Drop packets if they reach the end of the chain. iptables -P FORWARD DROP # Drop all packets with a bad state iptables -A INPUT -m state --state INVALID -j DROP # Accept any packets that have something to do with ones we've sent on outbound iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Accept any packets coming or going on localhost (this can be very important) iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # Accept ICMP iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT # Allow ssh iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow httpd iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Allow SSL iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Block all other traffic iptables -A INPUT -j DROP For context, this machine is a Virtual Private Server Web app host. In a previous question, Lee B said that I should "lock down ICMP a bit more." Why not just block it altogether? What would happen if I did that (what bad thing would happen)? If I need to not block ICMP, how could I go about locking it down more?

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• Sharing music on NAS with Zune and iPod?

  - by osij2is

  After being a long time iPod owner, I'm switching to the new Zune with its subscription model. I haven't bought a Zune yet but I'm planning on doing so within the next month or so. I have approximately 40GB worth of music and my girlfriend has her iPod music library around 30GB. I've been trying to figure out how to migrate all our music off of our laptops/desktops and centralize everything on my NAS. In sharing iPod music isn't too bad. Sharing from one machine to all is fairly easy within the iTunes player. As far as storing all the music on a NAS, again, iPods aren't too bad and imagine other systems aren't difficult. But I'm really new to the Zune and I'm beginning to run into some issues. My questions are: Is it possible to store all music from our iPods and Zune subscriptions and share music between the iPod/Zune within the same file share on my NAS? I'm sure it's possible to store music on a share, but I'm not sure how iTunes and the Zune software differs. Is there 3rd party software, maybe something like DoubleTwist that can sync based from NAS to multiple desktop/laptops? I've never used DoubleTwist but it's something that I found that looks close to being what I need. I've never quite done this myself so I'm trying to find a solution that can: a) store music on a network share; b) sync between different devices (Zune/iPod) seamlessly.

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• Can't mount hard drive. Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Sam

  I am trying to recover some pictures on my 320 GB Hard Disk, so I put in a Live Ubuntu CD and am in that right now. In the devices list, it shows my USB drive, but not my 320 GB Hard Disk. I can see the disk in Disk Utility (it says it's on /dev/sda), but it's not mounted, and it says it has a few bad sectors but it is OK. In Disk Usage Analyzer, it says my maximum capacity is 13.4 GB, so it's definitely not using the 320 GB Hard Disk. I tried the following: sudo mkdir /media/newhd (worked) sudo mount /dev/sda /media/newhd (didn't work. it says I must specify the filesystem type) I then tried: fsck.ext4 -f /dev/sda (didn't work. Said: Superblock invalid, trying to backup blocks. then: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sda. The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock) Does anyone have any ideas? The whole problem started when my Windows Vista said "Can't find operating system". Any ideas on how I can get on to my hard drive at /dev/sda?

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• What may be wrong with String::ToIdentifier::EN tests?

  - by wk01

  I try to install Perl module String::ToIdentifier::EN (as depndency of DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader) but it fails on tests. I googled those errors but get no picture, where is problem: Building and testing String-ToIdentifier-EN-0.07 cp lib/String/ToIdentifier/EN.pm blib/lib/String/ToIdentifier/EN.pm cp lib/String/ToIdentifier/EN/Unicode.pm blib/lib/String/ToIdentifier/EN/Unicode.pm Manifying blib/man3/String::ToIdentifier::EN.3pm Manifying blib/man3/String::ToIdentifier::EN::Unicode.3pm PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 /usr/bin/perl "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-e" "test_harness(0, 'inc', 'blib/lib', 'blib/arch')" t/00_basic.t t/10_ascii.t t/20_capitalization.t Byte order is not compatible at ../../lib/Storable.pm (autosplit into ../../lib/auto/Storable/_retrieve.al) line 380, at /home/wanradt/perl5/lib/perl5/Lingua/EN/Tagger.pm line 167 # Looks like you planned 25 tests but ran 4. # Looks like your test exited with 25 just after 4. t/00_basic.t ........... Dubious, test returned 25 (wstat 6400, 0x1900) Failed 21/25 subtests Byte order is not compatible at ../../lib/Storable.pm (autosplit into ../../lib/auto/Storable/_retrieve.al) line 380, at /home/wanradt/perl5/lib/perl5/Lingua/EN/Tagger.pm line 167 # Looks like you planned 768 tests but ran 512. # Looks like your test exited with 25 just after 512. t/10_ascii.t ........... Dubious, test returned 25 (wstat 6400, 0x1900) Failed 256/768 subtests t/20_capitalization.t .. ok Test Summary Report ------------------- t/00_basic.t (Wstat: 6400 Tests: 4 Failed: 0) Non-zero exit status: 25 Parse errors: Bad plan. You planned 25 tests but ran 4. t/10_ascii.t (Wstat: 6400 Tests: 512 Failed: 0) Non-zero exit status: 25 Parse errors: Bad plan. You planned 768 tests but ran 512. Files=3, Tests=528, 1 wallclock secs ( 0.07 usr 0.02 sys + 0.42 cusr 0.04 csys = 0.55 CPU) Result: FAIL Failed 2/3 test programs. 0/528 subtests failed. make: *** [test_dynamic] Error 255 -> FAIL Installing String::ToIdentifier::EN failed. See /home/wanradt/.cpanm/build.log for details. Byte order is not compatible at... seems a key, but to where?

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• How can I get Windows to apply its settings?

  - by Jouke van der Maas

  I have a computer with a major problem; it gives a blue screen when the login screen loads. I've been using this guide to troubleshoot the issue, and now I've run into a problem. I have determined the issue is not bad memory or a bad hard drive. According to the guide, this means the problem is in the OS. I've tried to follow the steps, but Windows (Vista SP1) somehow doesn't remember any changes. On every reboot, the computer is in exactly the same state it was in before. Any changes to system settings or files won't be recorded. As this means I can't check what is causing the problem, I can't fix my PC. Is there a way to find out what's causing this? Is it just a mode Windows goes into to protect itself, or is it some other problem? Anything to help troubleshoot will be of great help here. PS. I'm kind of new to this site. If I messed up, please tell me in the comments.

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• How to improve Samba performance on VirtualBox machine?

  - by ColinM

  I am running a Windows 7 64bit host and Ubuntu 9.04 32bit guest inside of VirtualBox 4.0.0 on a laptop which has internet connectivity via Wifi. The main use is writing code for which I use Netbeans. My dev environment is hte virtual machine and I use Samba on the VM to share the code directory so that I can use Netbeans on the host as my IDE. Unfortunately Netbeans does a lot of disk access and due to the poor Samba performance it makes the IDE hardly usable. How can I improve performance of the Samba share? On my desktop it isn't so bad but I don't know what the difference would be since they are similar setups (Win 7 hosts, cloned guests, SSDs, Vbox guests using SATA in AHCI mode, etc..). With Bridged networking is the performance between the host and guest limited by the physical hardware (Intel 6200 AGN on laptop)? I switched to Host-only and it didn't seem to improve performance at all. To clarify bad performance, I used 7zip to zip a project directory and got 19kbs to 500kbs depending on the size of the files being zipped. On my desktop it was in the ~10mbs range. Any tips for VirtualBox/Samba configuration to get improve the performance? I am using Samba 3.3.2. Hopefully Samba with SMB2 support will be released soon..

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• troubleshooting really slow login on a (linux) machine

  - by Peeter Joot

  Within the last couple of weeks, any attempt to login to a specific linux server has gotten really slow. Once I've logged in, things appear to run without significant delay, but some other login like activities (like starting a new screen session) are slow. The machine's been rebooted a couple of times recently and that hasn't helped. , and it doesn't appear to be $PATH search (where $PATH can sometimes include bad NFS mounts), which I've seen historically in our environment. I've also tried completely removing my .profile/.bash*/... type of init files to rule out anything bad there. I also see slow login for at least one other userid on the system. One thing I've noticed is the following message when trying to exit from a screen terminal: Utmp slot not found -> not removed and am wondering if this is related (having a vague recollection that Utmp has something to do with login). Any idea what that message means, or how to fix it, and if it would be related? Failing that, what sort of problem determination tools are available to investigate what is slowing down this login process?

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