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• Linux Server Performance Monitoring

  - by Jon

  I'm looking to monitor performance on my Linux servers (which happen to be Centos). What are the best tools for monitoring things in realtime such as: Disk Performance I/O, swapping etc.. CPU Performance Looking for low level tools, rather than web based tools such as Nagios, Ganglia etc... n.b. I'd like to know exactly what each tool does rather than just having a list of random toolnames if possible please. Why the tool is a better option than others would be good also.

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• Installing a php extension (xdiff) from pecl on Linux

  - by wilsonsilva

  I was getting this error on my php script: Fatal error: Call to undefined function xdiff_file_diff() I realised that I didn't had the xdiff extension installed. When I tried to install it using the install pecl xdiff command, I got this errors (among other lines): configure: WARNING: You will need re2c 0.13.4 or later if you want to regenerate PHP configure: error: Please reinstall the libxdiff distribution Then I installed re2c and libxdiff: wget http://www.compdigitec.com/labs/files/re2c_0135_redhat.rpm wget ftp://ftp.task.gda.pl/vol/vol1/ftp.pld-linux.org/dists/2.0/PLD/i386/PLD/RPMS/libxdiff-0.7-1.i386.rpm rpm -ivh re2c_0135_redhat.rpm rpm -ivh libxdiff-0.7-1.i386 But after that I still get the same errors. PS: I've Googled a LOT and I found a couple of people with this problem but they didn't get an answer either :(

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• Linux Server Performance Monitoring

  - by Jon

  I'm looking to monitor performance on my Linux servers (which happen to be Centos). What are the best tools for monitoring things in realtime such as: Disk Performance I/O, swapping etc.. CPU Performance Looking for low level tools, rather than web based tools such as Nagios, Ganglia etc... n.b. I'd like to know exactly what each tool does rather than just having a list of random toolnames if possible please. Why the tool is a better option than others would be good also.

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• Linux software raid robustness

  - by Waxhead

  I have a 4 disk 5TB raid5 setup where a disk is showing signs of going down the drain. It is reporting media errors and from dmesg I can see that several read errors are corrected. smartctl does report "notifications" but no panic so far. Since new disks are rather expensive at the moment I am starting to pondering exactly how robust the linux md layer is. I would appreciate if someone could shed some light on how md actually deals with disk errors. For example how does md deal with write and read errors - what does it (really) take for disk to be rejected from an array. I also read that recently md got support for mapping out bad blocks. Does this mean that the read errors I've had would have been mapped out if I where running kernel 3.1 or would md still try to "work on them" to make them usable.

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• OSX pdf-kit vs Linux poppler or pdf/x

  - by Tahnoon Pasha

  I keep reading and hearing that the reason that there is no good pdf editing software for Linux is that the libraries are not as well developed. That is why there is no equivalent for Skim or Preview in Linux. I had a look a the pdf-kit documentation and the poppler documentation and they looked very similar to my admittedly non-technical view. Could someone explain to me why the OSX libraries (eg) are so much easier to write projects like Skim in than the linux ones. I'm not sure if the same applies to OSX projects to NVAlt, but it seems to be a common theme - I'd just like to understand what is behind the thesis that OSX is easier to code these projects in, and what would be involved in changing it. (I'm not disputing the value of Okular or Evince and the like, just noting that they don't have the richness of functionality of Skim, Preview or even things like Goodreader on the Ipad).

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• Measuring 'total bytes written' under Linux

  - by badnews

  We're quite interested in exploring the possibility of using SSD drives in a server environment. However, one thing that we need to establish is expected drive longevity. According to this article manufacturer's are reporting drive endurance in terms of 'total bytes written' (TBW). E.g. from that article a Crucial C400 SSD is rated at 72TB TBW. Do any scripts/tools exist under the Linux ecosystem to help us measure TBW? (and then make a more educated decision on the feasibility of using SSD drives)

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• Build NAS for Windows and Linux network

  - by modernzombie

  I have a spare PC and I would like to setup a NAS that is accessible from Windows and Linux. I would like to avoid using Windows as an OS and would like something like Ubuntu or FreeNAS. My only concern is I don't want to have to install special software on each client. Is there a way to use Ubuntu or FreeNAS and have Windows machines access the files with installing a client on each Windows box? UPDATE Thanks for the answers. I wish I could choose more than one. I will give FreeNAS a try and see how it goes. Thanks!

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• Fresh Red Hat Enterprise Linux fails to install httpd using yum

  - by Julian

  I'm trying to install a LAMP stack in a fresh red hat server but yum is misbehaving. Being linux illiterate I'm at a loss. $yum install httpd Loaded plugins: security Setting up Install Process No package httpd available. Nothing to do My yum config $ cat /etc/yum.conf [main] cachedir=/var/cache/yum keepcache=0 debuglevel=2 logfile=/var/log/yum.log distroverpkg=redhat-release tolerant=1 exactarch=1 obsoletes=1 gpgcheck=1 plugins=1 # Note: yum-RHN-plugin doesn't honor this. metadata_expire=1h # Default. # installonly_limit = 3 # PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo # in /etc/yum.repos.d Other stuff in the yum.repos.d dir $ ls -lah /etc/yum.repos.d/ total 12K drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Feb 4 01:15 . drwxr-xr-x 59 root root 4.0K Feb 4 01:28 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 561 Mar 10 2010 rhel-debuginfo.repo What could be going on? I thought "out of the box" RHEL5.5 would be friendlier :)

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• Vi on Linux: show ^M line endings for DOS-format files

  - by sss

  On Solaris, if you open a file in vi that has Windows line endings, this shows up as ^M at the end of every line. On Linux, vi is cleverer and understands the Windows file format, and does not display ^M. Is there a setting to make Linux vi behave the same as Solaris in this respect? A common problem for us is copying a shell script off a (Windows) dev box and forgetting to dos2unix it, and then being confused when it doesn't work properly. On Solaris the problem is obvious as soon as you vi the file, but not on Linux. Thanks.

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• Linux SW Raid: whole disk or per-partition?

  - by Steve Pomeroy

  I have inherited a machine which has 2 physical disks and uses Linux SW RAID(1). Both disks are partitioned and are are all individual arrays (/dev/md0, /dev/md6, etc.). Those arrays are then mounted (/boot, /home, etc. even /tmp). As RAID is designed to mitigate physical failures, is there any reason why one would use this technique over whole-disk arrays that are then partitioned (perhaps using LVM)? This seems prone to more potential issues, but may have some special properties that I haven't been able to glean. I'm planning on moving this setup to: disks?SWRAID(1)?LVM as I'll be making multiple VMs out of the one machine, but wanted to make sure I knew what I was doing when I got rid of the old setup.

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• Active Directory intergration with linux users and zimbra

  - by Juan Diego

  I have the following questions about setting an active directory, that already has users and a domain, (i.e. internaldomain.edu) and real domain (i.e mydomain.edu.), and I have seeing many examples of the integration of AD with linux and usually they have a domain like intranet.mydomain.edu. Should I change "internaldomain.edu" to intranet.mydomain.edu or to mydomain.edu, or I can leave that internaldomain.edu like it is and create another domain. I am a littlebit confused with these, I know one is the windows domain but I dont know if that affects my email users.

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• Turn off the Linux OOM killer by default?

  - by Peter Eisentraut

  The OOM killer on Linux wreaks havoc with various applications every so often, and it appears that not much is really done on the kernel development side to improve this. Would it not be better, as a best practice when setting up a new server, to reverse the default on the memory overcommitting, that is, turn it off (vm.overcommit_memory=2) unless you know you want it on for your particular use? And what would those use cases be where you know you want the overcommitting on? As a bonus, since the behavior in case of vm.overcommit_memory=2 depends on vm.overcommit_ratio and swap space, what would be a good rule of thumb for sizing the latter two so that this whole setup keeps working reasonably?

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• Interpreting regular expressions using find in Linux confusion

  - by PeanutsMonkey

  I am attempting to use the find command and came across an article at http://www.linux.ie/newusers/beginners-linux-guide/find.php which states The wildcard character is escaped with a slash so BASH sends a literal asterisk to the find utility as an argument instead of performing filename expansion and passing any number of files in as arguments. for the command find . -name up\*. Being new to the world of Linux I don't quite understand how the use of a backslash which is meant to escape the meta character * is interpreted and returns results as though as it is being passed to find. Does it mean if I use the -name option I have to use a backslash to pass a wildcard and if I don't use -name I don't have to use a backslash?

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• Linux halts every few seconds

  - by Zeppomedio

  We're having an issue where one our Linux boxes (Ubuntu 10.04 LTS, running on EC2 with a quadruple-large size, 68GB of RAM and 8 virtual cores with 3.25GHz each) freezes up every few seconds. Typing in an ssh session will freeze, and running strace on one of the Postgresql processes that's running usually shows: 02:37:41.567990 semop(7831581, {{3, -1, 0}}, 1 for a few seconds before it proceeds (it always gets stuck at that semop). OProfile shows that most of the time is spent in the kernel (60%) versus 37% in Postgresql. The result of these halts (which began suddenly a day ago) is that load on the box has gone from 0.7 to 10+, and causes our entire stack to slow done. Any ideas on how to track down what's going on? iostat doesn't show the disks being particularly slow or overloaded, and top shows user cpu % spike from 8% to about 40% whenever these back-ups happen.

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• What and why is my swap space used under linux

  - by Fabian

  on my linux system I get these stats from top: Tasks: 155 total, 1 running, 153 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 1.5%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 97.4%id, 0.7%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8177180k total, 2025504k used, 6151676k free, 44176k buffers Swap: 7999996k total, 495300k used, 7504696k free, 637612k cached There it shows me that my system is using 495Mb of swap. Why is this so? 6Gigs of ram are free. And if I would disable swap entirely the system would also work. Any explanation what the number really shows or who is swapping?

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• ADSL connetion (BSNL dataone) with puppy Linux

  - by Vaibhav Garg

  I have an old PC which I want to use for internet browsing. I tried using Puppy Linux (version 4.3.1) for the same but have not been able to connect. I connect via PPPoE. My network card is RTL 8029b which is automatically detected by Puppy Linux. However, the LED indicator on the MODEM designating LAN connectivity stays off. This post is being typed from the same PC running XP, so there are no connection issues. I am a complete newbie for Linux. can somebody point me to instructions. I will be willing to give any more information if required. P.S. My MODEM is Huewei Smartax MT 882 Thanks

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• Merit and demerits for various Linux fiberchannel multipath options

  - by wzzrd

  On our Linux servers, we currently use HPs qla2xxx drivers, because it has multipathing (active/passive) built in. The are, however, various other options, like Red Hats device-mapper-multipath with the stock qla2xxx drivers (multibus and failover) and things like SecurePath and PowerPath (both of which can do trunking, iirc). Can someone tell me what the merits and demerits of the various options are (if I can ask such a question), besides the obvious fact that the {Secure,Power}Path options cost vast amounts of money? I'm mainly interested in the freely available options, like HPs qla2xxx vs. Red Hats multipathd and possible other open source solutions, but I would like to hear good reasons to go for the commercial solutions too. UPDATE: I'll be benchmarking various options the coming few days (the average of 10 runs of iozone for each option (options being native qla2xxx failver, native qla2xxx multibus, HP qla2xxx failover)). I'll post a summary of results here for those interested.

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• 1Tb disk formatted on Linux won't mount on windows nor mac

  - by Pedro MC

  I have an external HD (western digital) with 1Tb. I use Linux but I wanted to reserve a cross platform partition on the disk. I decided to create two partitions and used the "disks" application to do it. I created one partition with the LUKS (version 1) encryption and the other one, cross platform, in NTFS filesystem. Things work fine on my OS but when I try to use the disk (the cross platform partition) on both windows and mac the device is not recognized. What could it be? Next, output of "sfdisk -l /dev/sdb": Disk /dev/sdb: 121600 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Units = cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #cyls #blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 0+ 36473- 36473- 292968750 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 36473+ 121600- 85128- 683789062+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 0 - 0 0 0 Empty /dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty

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• security issue of Linux sudo command?

  - by George2

  Hello everyone, 1. I am using Red Hat Enterprise 5 Linux box. I find if a user is in /etc/sudoers file, then if the user run command with sudo, the user will run this command with root privilege (without knowing root password, the user runs sudo only need to input the user's own password in order to run a command with sudo). Is that correct understanding? 2. If yes, then is it a security hole? Since users other than root could run with root privilege? thanks in advance, George

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• Cannot find my hard disk while installing linux-“No root file system defined” error

  - by Syam Kumar S

  I am trying install Linux on my computer (tried Ubuntu 10.4 and Linux Mint 9). I started the installation wizard and on the hard disk selection page the hard disk is not displayed. I have a 500GB disk with 5 partitions and windows 7 ultimate in one partition. If I click the forward button, it shows an error- "No root file system defined". I have tried to install by booting from CD and pendrive but both shows the same error. When I load Linux as live CD it doesn't show the hard disk. My hard disk works fine in windows 7. System config: intel i3 2100, 500GB hdd, 2GB ram

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• System-install-packages missing in RedHat Enterprise Linux 5

  - by Kumar P

  i am using RedHat Enterprise Linux 5.1. When i use add-remove software in application menu, i think, that i wrongly uninstalled something. so after reboot that menu item missing. Also i can't use system-install-packages in terminal. When i double click rpm package it open as archive. And i specifically open it as software installer by open with other application, it saying error /usr/bin/system-install-packages missing. Help me to solve this problem ...

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• How to Set Linux Bonding Interface to Gigabit

  - by Kyle Brandt

  I have enabled Linux active backup mode bonding. Each interface is a gigabit interface, but the bond interface seems to end up at 100 Megabit: bonding: bond0: Warning: failed to get speed and duplex from eth1, assumed to be 100Mb/sec and Full. ... bnx2: eth0 NIC Link is Up, 1000 Mbps full duplex, receive & transmit flow control ON ... bonding: bond0: backup interface eth1 is now up ethtool apparently can't provide info on bond: sudo ethtool bond0 Settings for bond0: No data available So does this mean I am operating at 100 or 1000 Megabit (My guess is 1000)? If it is only 100, what options in the ifcfg scripts or the modprobe bonding options do I need to sett to make it 1000?

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• How to access Guest (Linux) Filesystem from Host (Windows) in VirtualBox

  - by Dominic Barnes

  I am trying to synchronize my music between my desktop (Ubuntu 9.10) and my laptop (VirtualBox: Windows 7 host & Ubuntu 9.10 guest) I use Unison to perform the actual sync, which itself is not the problem. I am ultimately trying to get my Windows 7 host to be able to access the music files so I can sync my iPod Touch. What I need to figure out is how I can that to work. I would prefer to actually perform the sync to my Ubuntu Guest, mostly because of the filename allowed character differences between Windows and Linux. Is there a way to access the files on my Linux Guest from the Windows Host? Can I mount the VDI in Windows when VirtualBox is off? Can I have Windows Host access the Linux Guest filesystem while VirtualBox is running?

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• High CPU usage on Linux machine

  - by user305210

  I have a piece of java code running on two different machines, but on one of the linux machines, the code uses alot of CPU (close to 100% cpu usage). On the other machine the same code uses less cpu (under 3 to 4%). The machine where cpu usage is high, is a more powerful machine, more CPU and and more memory. This has started happening recently and performance on the machine with high cpu usage has degraded significantly. I am wondering if anyone has any ideas why something like this could happen, possible causes behind this etc. any guesses? No recent changes in hardware were made, no recent code updates... Thank you.

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• Advice wanted on advanced Linux certification/courses including RHCA

  - by nitins

  I have been working in Linux administration for 2.5 years. I would like to have a certification in this. Yes RHCE is an option. I think I already know most of the RHCE stuff. But I would like to have something advanced. I am ready for a full time course as I am not getting the exposure in my current company. Please give me suggestions about training/courses. I have found a course called RHCA(Architect). Is this a good course?

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