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• How to document linux server configuration?

  - by Margaret Thorpe

  Hi, I have about 20 linux servers which I need to document the configuration of. I do not mean the detailed configuration of services, but rather user accounts, databases, databases accounts, ip addresses, physical location, SSH port etc. etc. I know all this data is stored in config files, but I want to centralize it all. I am considering just creating a spreadsheet to record this data, but was wondering if there is something better (perhaps a small php/mysql app) which would be more structured and complete than a hacked together spreadsheet. What do you use?

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• Free, Linux-based rescue CD for Windows machines

  - by Adam Matan

  Hi, Too often, I'm being called to help a friend who screwed a Windows machine by some creative methods. Th usual remedy is backing up the hard drive contents and reinstalling. Right now, this is done by removing the defected hard drive to my machine. I figured out that using a rescue disk running some version of Linux might ease the process. I'm looking for: NTFS access Partition tools Large variety of drivers (Network, Hard drives, etc.) GUI and some rescue wizards a great plus. Any ideas? Adam

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• Booting Linux from External HDD, with persistence

  - by Moriarty

  I am trying to install Linux, specifically Lubuntu or BackTrack 5 on an external HDD (Seagate FreeAgent GoFlex) but I have had no luck using YUMI, or Untebootin to get it working. I want the hard drive to be able to save the data within Linux (As in, If I install a program, it will stay there). I also tried doing this with a flash drive, which does boot, but it does not save data (I tried following Pendrive's tutorial on creating a casper-rw file and adding "persistent" to various files, but I cannot get it to save files. Basically, I just want a form of linux on a portable device that will save files and settings between boots Note: I do not have a CD to install from. Any help would be greatly appreciated, Thanks!

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• How to add/remove codecs in linux

  - by agg

  Friends, I'm new to Linux, I need to work on Linux. I have ported Linux to AT91SAM9261-EK board. Now i need to work on Codecs. I just know the definition of codec from wikipedia, Now i need add my own codec to the board. I want to know, Where codec will be preset in 1)File System, 2)Kernel or 3)Player And how to add codec while building entire source, please tell me the steps i need follow. And also how to remove the codec. How to play the video files from pendrive in console, now i can play audio by command 'mplayer "filename" '. Don't know how to play video. Please help me, How to do this. Regards AGG

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• Installing Linux kernel 2.6.25.14 on RHEL 5.4

  - by aaron

  I have to install Linux kernel version 2.5.25.14 on a RHEL 5.4 server because of drive compatibility issues. I follow the RedHat "Building a Custom Kernel" instructions running the following: $ make mrproper $ make xconfig $ make clean $ make bzImage $ make modules $ make modules_install $ make install But I get a bunch of warnings like this: WARNING: No module ehci-hcd found for kernel 2.6.25.24, continuing anyway When I try to boot this kernel it is unable to mount the hard drive, and kernel panics on startup. As far as I can tell I'm using a standard configuration (I just accept the defaults and save a .config file). Is there something I'm missing? Thanks.

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• Unable to launch google.com inside Linux Ubuntu

  - by Anuradha

  I have installed Ubuntu Linux VM in my Win XP box. I am able to open http://google.com on Win XP but when I login to, ubuntu linux.. and launch this site: I am getting an error: Server not found. The network settings I have on LinuxUbuntu VM is : Adapter1 : attached to Bridge adapter. I tried NAT as well. But nothing seems to work. I am not in China. I provide google.com as mere example. We have a test website which cannot be launched inside Linux Ubuntu.

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• Notepad/Edit equivalent for Linux command line

  - by Jason Kester

  I'm looking for a simple text editor that I can use from the command line in Linux to edit files. I'm used to editing files in windows, so I'm looking for something with the same keyboard interface. That means: SHIFT+Arrow Keys/PGUP/PGDN to select text CTRL+C, CTRL+X, CTRL+V to copy/cut/paste And that's pretty much it. Surprisingly I'm having a tough time finding something like this. Vi/emacs are naturally out. Nano comes close, but has its own non-standard cut/paste/select keyboard shortcuts. Surely this thing exists somewhere. Thanks in advance for pointing me in the right direction.

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• Jail Linux user to directory for FTP login

  - by Greg

  I'm planning on using vsftpd to act as a secure ftp server, but I am having difficulty controlling the linux users that will be used as ftp logins. The users are required to be "jailed" into a specific directory (and subdirectories) and have full read/write access. Requirements: - User account "admin_ftp" should be jailed to /var/www directory. - Other accounts will be added as needed, for each site... e.g: - User account "picturegallery_ftp" should be jailed to /var/www/picturegallery.com directory. I have tried the following, but to no avail: # Group to store all ftp accounts in. groupadd ftp_accounts # Group for single user, with the same name as the username. groupadd admin_ftp useradd -g admin_ftp -G ftp_accounts admin_ftp chgrp -R ftp_accounts /var/www chmod -R g+w /var/www When I log into FTP using account admin_ftp, I am given the error message: 500 OOPS: cannot change directory:/home/admin_ftp But didn't I specify the home directory? Extra internets for a guide how to do this specifically for vsftpd :)

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• How to properly shutdown or reboot a Unix/Linux server

  - by hatorade

  What is the correct way to turn off a Unix/Linux server? From my googling, I have learned (hopefully) the following: shutdown: I should use this, with the parameter -h to halt, or the parameter -r to reboot halt: halts the computer (stops the processor? does this physically turn the power of the computer off?). I think this will call shutdown if not at init0, otherwise just halts. reboot: if not at init6, calls shutdown, otherwise just reboots the computer. if all that is correct, then the only thing I can't figure out is what exactly 'halt' does. Does it just stop the processor but not turn the computer physically off? How do I "poweroff" the computer? Thanks

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• Best Small Linux Distribution for rDesktop

  - by d2jxp

  What would be the best linux distribution to use just for the purpose of rDesktop? We're trying to decide if we should get rid of old computers or just use them as thin-clients to connect to virtual Windows 7 machines on our network. I would like something with as little bloat as possible and can be run from a USB flash drive. I have tried SliTaz, ThinStation, and Pixil from Century Software. SliTaz has been my favorite so far but I still want to know if there's something better that's also easily customizable.

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• How to perform fresh linux install while preserving software raid and user accounts

  - by slayton

  I have a system with two software raid arrays. The OS is Ubuntu 9.04 and is no longer receiving updates. I'd like to update the system to 12.04 rather than trying to do the automatic update from 9.04-> 9.10-> ... -> 12.04. My main drive has 2 partitions that are mounted at / and /home. Is it possible to do a fresh install of linux to the partition where / is mounted while preserving user accounts and preferences (such as passwords, home dir locations, etc...)? Additionally what do I need to do to keep my software raid array intact following the OS re-install?

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• Switching to Linux, Need backup help

  - by Stephen

  I have an existing Vista installation on my thinkpad x200 and I want to install Linux on my machine. I've done this several times already but I usually format the whole disk and dual boot on Windows and Linux. Which means I have to reinstall and reconfigure everything I had on Windows. What I want to do is backup my windows installation (into an image) and start a clean Linux installation, and run the windows image thru Vmware or Virtualbox. Whats the easiest way to do this? any free tools available? I've seen acronis but dont wanna buy it for a 1 time session only.

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• linux + change/edit file without effecting on file date

  - by yael

  I want to edit some file in my linux for example ls -ltr /etc/some_file -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 188 Jul 1 2010 sysstat . echo "Server101_IP=187.0.98.4" >> /etc/some_file . I expect to get the following date: ls -ltr /etc/some_file -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 188 Jul 1 2010 sysstat but the date & time of this file must be not change ! I just want to edit file but I Wondering how to change the file without effect on the date & time of the file - is it possible ?

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• How to create a bootable Ubuntu Linux (10.04) USB installation for Macintosh

  - by vdavidovski

  I tried searching the Internet, but could not find a decent tutorial explaining how to create a bootable Ubuntu Linux (10.04) USB installation that could be run not only on a PC but also on Macs and MacBook Pros. In addition, I tried refit, but ended with "Missing operating system" error. Here is basically the layout of my bootable under PC Ubuntu USB drive (using MBR): Partition 1 (ext3, bootable) - Ubuntu Linux 32 bit, contains also grub2 bootloader. Partition 2 (ext3) - Ubuntu Linux 64 bit. Partition 3 (fat32) - contains data. What would be the best way to enable this drive to boot under Mac OS X? And if refit has to be used, could I simply have one more partition on the USB drive containing it? Thanks!

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• linux kernel option to set sata disk to udma/133 1.5gbps

  - by John Doe

  hi, i try to speed up boot time of my linux server box which uses removable HDD rack's the current boot time is around 2 min's but if i connect the hdd's directly to the mainboard its about 2 sec's the problem is that ahci's kernel implementation causes a timeout of around 30 seconds for each disk during boot which originates from the hdd-rack after the timeout the kernel prints that the disk is limited with speed to 1.5gbps and udma/133 is used so the question i have is: how can i set this in grub as a boot option so the kernel doesnt have to wait for a timeout and just hardcoded limits the speed of the disks? i read about a few options like pci=nomsi or such, which dont work thats why im asking for limiting precisely the disks during boot thx

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• Linux Live CD for old computer

  - by Joel Coehoorn

  I have a pentium II (that's right, pentium II) with a scant 200MB of ram. This was a high-end workstation in it's day. The machine currently runs dos on a raid array, and I need to pull some data from it. I figure my best chance at this is to use a linux live cd to copy the data to one of our active directory network shares (there is a network card in the machine). Unfortunately, my linux skills are abysmal, so I'm not sure where to get started: Where should I look to find a linux cd that will run well on such an old system Since I'm likely gonna need to be command-line only, what do I need to do to configure the network card and mount the network share via the command line? Bonus points: exact syntax needed to copy and convert the entire volume for use in VMware server 2.0, but really just copying all the data should be enough.

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• Convert VM running on Linux hypervisor to OVF/VMDK

  - by blade

  Hi, I have a bunch of VMs on a Linux hypervisor (cloudsigma.com to be precised). I want to convert these to deploy to an ESX hypervisor (opsource cloud server), but need to create an ovf with the vmdk. I don't have access to the hypervisor of either service but opsource allow me to import ovf/vmdk so this is possible. What tool can create an ovf (With vmdk) of a Windows OS? I am not sure if VCenter Converter would work as it requires access to the hypervisor, if I remember correctly. I am hoping for something like vhd2disk which will create a .vhd of the currently running, parent Windows OS on a system. Thanks

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• send email from linux

  - by mustapha georges

  I built a Linux server (CentOS). I have an application that sends email using the Zemd_Mail class which uses SMTP. The application configuration asks for Host Port Return path (Y/N) but does not provide explanation. What do I need to set this up? Can I use a gmail account to forward the mail? When I try to send mail now, it does not arrive. I get this log in /var/log/maillog Nov 7 21:50:26 localhost sendmail[8328]: qA82oQEP008328: to==?utf-8?B?bWFydGluLmN5dHJ5bmJhdW0=?= <[email protected]>, ctladdr=apache (48/48), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30467, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (qA82oQHr008329 Message accepted for delivery)

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• graph performance monitor windows and linux

  - by Patrik

  We are using Munin to get graphs of our servers. (such as CPU load, I/O, available disk space, etc. ) Munin gives us last 24h, last 7 days, last month and last year. The good thing with Munin is that it supports all kinds of clients, such as Windows, Linux and switches because it can monitor over SNMP. However, we have a problem with the Munin client for Windows. Since we upgraded to Windows Server 2008 R2 it won't show graphs for some performance counters. What options are there out there? Both free and commercial.

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• recommended way to collect email notifications from crond in Arch Linux

  - by nponeccop

  Arch Linux doesn't have sendmail installed by default. So I get the following messages in my syslog: Sep 15 13:16:01 zorro crond[18497]: mailing cron output for user collectors sh cronjob.sh Sep 15 13:16:01 zorro crond[18497]: unable to exec /usr/sbin/sendmail: cron output for user collectors sh cronjob.sh to /dev/null What is the recommended way to fix this default behaviour so actual messages are sent? heirloom-mailx is installed and capable of sending email messages using SMTP. Is it possible for crond to use mailx to send notifications? Is there any drop-in replacement for sendmail that sends using mailx? Sendmail is not even in the repositories.

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• linux/solaris kill many proccess with one command

  - by yael

  Is it possible to kill all find process with one command? I do not want to kill each process as kill -9 25295 , kill -9 11994 , etc.. Rather, what I want is a simple way or command that kill all find process (my target is to perfrom this action on linux and solaris machines). $ ps -ef | grep find root 25295 25290 0 08:59:59 pts/1 0:01 find /etc -type f -exec grep -l 100.106.23.152 {} ; -print root 11994 26144 0 09:04:18 pts/1 0:00 find /etc -type f -exec grep -l 100.106.23.153 {} ; -print root 25366 25356 0 08:59:59 pts/1 0:01 find /etc -type f -exec grep -l 100.106.23.154 {} ; -print root 26703 26658 0 09:00:05 pts/1 0:01 find /etc -type f -exec grep -l 100.106.23.155 {} ; -print

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• Upgrade a legacy, expired RHEL 3.4.6 server to modern Centos/Scientific Linux

  - by Gabriel Tasiopoulos

  I have a machine running a legacy J2EE app. The code is not Maven-ized and it works with pretty old Java and Postgres versions. I have converted it to a VM in ESXI and I'd like to try to upgrade it to a modern, binary-compatible version of RHEL (Centos or Scientific LInux) and see if things would still work. Where should I start? Am I being too optimistic with this one? It's more of an experiment and I'm not doing it on a production machine. But given the OS is pretty old I am looking for a way to do this eventually. Many thanks

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• How to tell if linux disk IO is causing excessive (> 1 second) application stalls

  - by noahz

  I have a Java application performing a large volume (hundreds of MB) of continuous output (streaming plain text) to about a dozen files a ext3 SAN filesystem. Occasionally, this application pauses for several seconds at a time. I suspect that something related to ext3 vsfs (Veritas Filesystem) functionality (and/or how it interacts with the OS) is the culprit. What steps can I take to confirm or refute this theory? I am aware of iostat and /proc/diskstats as starting points. Revised title to de-emphasize journaling and emphasize "stalls" I have done some googling and found at least one article that seems to describe behavior like I am observing: Solving the ext3 latency problem Additional Information Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.3 (Tikanga) Kernel: 2.6.18-194.32.1.el5 Primary application disk is fiber-channel SAN: lspci | grep -i fibre 14:00.0 Fibre Channel: Emulex Corporation Saturn-X: LightPulse Fibre Channel Host Adapter (rev 03) Mount info: type vxfs (rw,tmplog,largefiles,mincache=tmpcache,ioerror=mwdisable) 0 0 cat /sys/block/VxVM123456/queue/scheduler noop anticipatory [deadline] cfq

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• How do you pronounce Linux?

  - by Xerxes

  I'm tired of the old fart at work who keeps coming upto my desk and telling me all about his "years of experience in working with Unix and Lye-nix". I couldn't vent it out at him because that would be wrong, so I'm going to vent it out here - because obviously (that's the right thing to do...). Anyway, for all the people that practice in this disgusting behaviour - the pronunciation is.... (Hmmm - anyone know phonetics?) - "Li-nix" Note: Despite hating him for this - he is otherwise a very nice (but sometimes rather annoying) person. Now... to formally make this a "question" - Could someone write the phonetics for pronouncing "Linux", and also the notorious "Lye-nix", so I can make a note of it for future ventings? I think this is right... L?n?x, NOT L?n?x. ...or perhaps... L?n?x, NOT L?n?x* Can someone confirm the correct phonetics? (Listen to Linus on the matter).

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• Automatically distinguish difference between multiple HDDs in linux?

  - by Jakobud

  I'm running Ubuntu Server 9.10. I have two external USB HDDs. I use them each for different backup reasons. So certain data gets stored on one HDD, and different information gets stored on the other HDD. I want to make a script that can look at the external HDD can determine which HDD it is, so that it can copy the proper information to it. Is there a way for Linux to determine this? Like if I see one HDD as /dev/sdc1, then unplug it and plug in the other HDD, should Linux see it as /dev/sdd1 or will it be /dev/sdc1? I'm a bit of a Linux newb and I don't quite understand how it determines the /dev/sdxx values that it assigns to drives.

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