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• Automatically distinguish difference between multiple HDDs in linux?

  - by Jakobud

  I'm running Ubuntu Server 9.10. I have two external USB HDDs. I use them each for different backup reasons. So certain data gets stored on one HDD, and different information gets stored on the other HDD. I want to make a script that can look at the external HDD can determine which HDD it is, so that it can copy the proper information to it. Is there a way for Linux to determine this? Like if I see one HDD as /dev/sdc1, then unplug it and plug in the other HDD, should Linux see it as /dev/sdd1 or will it be /dev/sdc1? I'm a bit of a Linux newb and I don't quite understand how it determines the /dev/sdxx values that it assigns to drives.

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• How to forward connection from one interface to another under linux

  - by Daniel

  Hi, I have linux box which has two network interface, eth0, eth1. from eth1 I can access an internal website, say under port 8080. from outside the box, I can't access that network. my question is, is there a way I set up something so from outside the box, there appears to be a web server running in port 8080 and when I connect to it, it automatically forwards to eht1 the internal site? I tried to enable ip forward and add a static route, but it doesn't work. thanks.

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• Staggering java linux process startup to prevent OOM

  - by ctennis

  I am running a number of java processes on a single Linux machine. From a memory and computing standpoint, everything is fine when things are static. However, periodically we use a configuration management package up upgrade the jar or war files, and restart the java process. The problem is, that is restarts them all relatively quickly, and so we get 10 or so java VMs restarting all at the same time (we use daemontools for the service stops/starts), which wreaks havoc on the machine, in terms of OOMs or just really slow. This is because it's spawning the JVM 10x at the same time. Other than trying to stagger the startups, is there a smarter way of handling this? Maybe a sysctl tuning performance parameters, or a JVM parameter?

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• Cloning a linux system from sdx to cciss

  - by churnd

  I have an HP ML 310 server running CentOS Linux 5.5. I'm buying a RAID card (LSI 9260-8i) to set up a mirrored OS drive. Right now, the boot drive is set up with GRUB installed on the MBR of /dev/sda & has a 100MB /boot partition for /dev/sda1, then the rest is configured in LVM with a 20GB with a 20GB VG for the root partition & ~80GB VG for home. The new disk sizes will also be slightly larger as well. What is the best way to clone the boot drive to the new CCISS device?

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• Stupid question: prevent file from being changed under linux

  - by Josh

  Ok. Stupid question. I have forgotten what this is called and without remembering the name the search function on the site and on google is failing me. What's the command under linux to mark a file as "locked"/to prevent any changes from being made to it? I'm not talking about chmod. There's a property that can be set (again the name escapes me at the moment) which prevents even processes running as root from changing a file. What is this called and how do I set it?

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• iMac boot from linux partition on external drive

  - by user74757

  I have the following "setup:" iMac (no internal drive/dead) --------- (Firewire) ------- [[MAC OS X]] | | | | (USB) | | | | [[MISC STORAGE PARTITION] [MISC STORAGE PARTITION] [EXT2 UBUNTU PARTITION]] I routinely use the firewire drive to boot MAC OS X. However, I would like to boot from the linux partition of the USB drive. This linux partition had linux installed on it from a live cd, and during that process, I told the installer to install GRUB on the usb drive (which happened to be /dev/sdd). My question is, how do I get this disk to show up during the iMac option-boot? Currently, only the firewire MAC OS X option shows up. I have read about rEFIT, but that appears to install it to the Mac OS X disk (would that still work?)... Also mentioned was installing rEFIT to the internal EFI system partition, but I don't know if that is wise.

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• How to troubleshoot latency between 2 linux hosts

  - by Jimm

  The latency between 2 linux hosts is about .23ms. They are connected by one switch. Ping & Wireshark confirm the latency number. But, i dont have any visibility into what is causing this latency. How can i know if the latency is due to NIC on host A or B or the switch or the cables? UPDATE: The .23 ms latency is bad for my existing application, which sends messages at very high frequency and i am trying to see if it can be brought down to .1ms

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• Maximum memory allocation for 32bit linux kernel

  - by LedZeppelin

  I was reading this article that talks about how maximum amount of ram dedicated for kernel usage in 32 bit windows is 2GB even when the total amount of ram is 4GB. http://www.brianmadden.com/blogs/brianmadden/archive/2004/02/19/the-4gb-windows-memory-limit-what-does-it-really-mean.aspx\ Is this the same for 32bit linux environments like 32-bit ubuntu 10.04? IE is the max kernel allocation 2GB ram even if the total main memory 4GB? If you increase the total amount of memory to 64GB of ram by recompiling the kernel with the PAE option enabled, what is the maximum amount of ram you can dedicate for kernel usage? Is it still 2GB? Or can you increase it?

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• yum install gcc fails with invalid linux.dropbox.com/fedora directory

  - by john

  I am relatively new to Linux administration. I have installed Centos 6.5 (under VirtualBox on a Win7pro system). When I try to install gcc to the system using yum, I get the following results: [root@localhost etc]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Cleaning repos: Dropbox base extras updates Cleaning up Everything Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@localhost etc]# yum install gcc Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.tummy.com * extras: mirrors.cat.pdx.edu * updates: centos.mirror.freedomvoice.com http://linux.dropbox.com/fedora/6/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - "The requested URL returned error: 404 Not Found" Trying other mirror. Error: Cannot retrieve repository metadata (repomd.xml) for repository: Dropbox. Please verify its path and try again It appears that the linux.dropbox.com/fedora/6 subdirectory does not exist. Does anyone have any ints/answers for me. Thanks.

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• Troubleshooting "connection reset" error on my linux server

  - by Chris

  I fervently hope someone here can help me with the problem I am experiencing. I am a programmer, and I have very little understanding of linux sysadmin terminology/concepts. I am attempting to troubleshoot a problem with my website. It is a Facebook app, and whenever I try to connect using Chrome, I get an error stating that the "connection was reset". I have been Googling for four days straight trying to find a solution to this problem, but no joy. A big part of the problem is that I do not understand the terminology being employed, and the output from many of the tools referenced is likewise indecipherable to me. I am running a VPS with CentOS 5, apache, PHP, and MySQL. I could spam this post with a ton of information from my iptables, apache, etc but if anyone needs information from my server, please let me know how to get it, and I will post it here. Thank you for any help you can offer!

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• configuring linux server to send traffic to local machines using local IP address

  - by gkdsp

  Two linux servers, server1 and server2, are on the same local network (they also have access to an external network). Server2 has a local IP of 192.168.0.2 and a host name of host2.mydomain.com. QUESTION 1: If an application on server1 sends traffic to server2 using a host name of host2.mydomain.com, what determines whether this traffic is routed to server2 using the local or external network? QUESTION 2: To ensure that all traffic sent from server1 to server2 always uses the local network, could I simply include in the server1 /etc/hosts file the following? 192.168.0.2 host2.mydomain.com ...the thinking being, if the servers are always on the same network there should never be a need for server2 to send traffic to server1 via the external network (that I can think of anyway). Is this done in practice, or is some other method preferred?

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• Ethernet port sleeping on PS3 running linux

  - by Doug

  My lab has a PS3 running Ubuntu Linux 9.04 Server Edition. After a period of a few hours with no use, the Ethernet connection (eth0) seems to go to sleep, causing the connection to be lost. Pinging or trying to SSH into the machine results in no response. The fix I've been using is to access the machine locally and restart it (trying to bring eth0 down then up doesn't seem to correct it). I've tried setting up an hourly cron job that runs on the PS3 and pings another machine just to create network activity, but this doesn't seem to solve the problem either. Update: The solution was to run the above cron job much more frequently: every 10 minutes works.

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• recommendations for a lightweight linux distribution for a test server

  - by Jack

  I'm planning on setting up a test server to experiment with some application servers (tomcat/jboss/...) and with some portals. Now the machine I've set aside for this is lightweight CPU/GPU wise(Atom D510, 4 gigabyte ram, 500 GiB hdd, onboard GPU). But it should suffice for most things, I'm more interested in the stability of JBoss/Tomcat for my purposes than the stability. However I'm having a bit of trouble picking an appropriate distribution size/performance/setup time wise/security wise since it seems I can't sneeze without another distribution popping up. I've been thinking about going for Fedora since I've read that that distribution has been optimized for Atom, but I'm not really familiar with it. My experience with Linux has mostly been limited to Ubuntu and some tinkering with puppylinux. I'm not afraid to get my hands dirty using the command line. I'm not planning on starting a discussion per se, mostly the pros/cons that people have encountered with some distributions

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• Command to determine whether ZooKeeper Server is Leader or Follower

  - by utrecht

  Introduction A ZooKeeper Quorum consisting of three ZooKeeper servers has been created. The zoo.cfg located on all three ZooKeeper servers looks as follows: maxClientCnxns=50 # The number of milliseconds of each tick tickTime=2000 # The number of ticks that the initial # synchronization phase can take initLimit=10 # The number of ticks that can pass between # sending a request and getting an acknowledgement syncLimit=5 # the directory where the snapshot is stored. dataDir=/var/lib/zookeeper # the port at which the clients will connect clientPort=2181 server.1=ip1:2888:3888 server.2=ip2:2888:3888 server.3=ip3:2888:3888 It is clear that one of the three ZooKeeper servers will become the Leader and the others Followers. If the Leader ZooKeeper server has been shutdown the Leader election will start again. The aim is to check if another ZooKeeper server will become the Leader if the Leader server has been shut down. Question Which command needs to be issued to check whether a ZooKeeper server is a Leader or a Follower?

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• [linux] preventing access in shared hosting

  - by jack

  Hi Linux Admins I set up a small shared hosting that contains some sites. For each site, there is a user. I mean, for abcd.com, I created abcd.com user and put htdocs for web hosting. I have no idea on how to prevent abcd.com from accessing xyzd.com's data. I have chmoded by changing 0 to others permission, which makes access defined by Apache when I view it with browser. How can I secure access? Thanks.

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• Badwidth-Hogging Linux Server Causing Trouble

  - by BlairHippo

  We have a Linux server (2.6.28-11-generic #42-Ubuntu) that's misbehaving on a client site, gobbling up an entirely unacceptable percentage of the client's bandwidth, and we're trying to figure out what the heck it's doing. And the guy who had the sysadmin skillset has yet to be replaced. We're at a loss for what could be causing all that network traffic, and need to figure it out SOON. What log files should I be looking at to find this information? What analysis tools would you recommend for this task? Please note that I'm not looking for a tool that will allow me to analyze FUTURE traffic. The client is on the verge of shutting the machine off entirely; I need to figure out what it's been doing with the data I already have, if that's at all possible. My thanks in advance for helping a development monkey play sysadmin.

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• Linux IO scheduler on databases with RAID

  - by Raghu

  Hi, I have a linux database(MySQL) server(Dell 2950) with a 6-disk RAID 10. The default IO scheduler on it is CFQ. However, from what I have read and heard, there is no need for a scheduler like CFQ when reordering/scheduling is also done by underlying RAID controller; on the contrary since it does not account underlying RAID configuration into account performance may actually degrade with CFQ. The primary concern is to reduce CPU usage and improve throughput. Also, I have seen recommendations of using noop/deadline IO scheduler for databases primarily because of the nature of their R/W access.

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• Linux NetSec/IDS Bridge

  - by Blackninja543

  What I am looking to make is a linux system that acts as a bridge. It simple forwards any data sent on one device over to the next device. It does not attempt to block incoming attacks or redirect any traffic. What it does to is perform an IDS role on the network. Any suspicious activity is logged and reported. Snort would be one such piece of software however I was wondering what other solutions and ideas the rest of the community has.

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• Tracking the linux config with git: how?

  - by Pierre

  I'd like to track my linux configurations with git. My idea is to have a branch for each server. /etc is not the only one directory to be tracked (I won't git init in '/etc' ) As far as I could see, it is possible to init a git for a distant directory. I tried this: # mkdir -p /git/.git # cd /git # git --work-tree=/ --git-dir=/git/.git init Initialized empty Git repository in /git/.git/ 1) Creating a new branch before everything is not possible # git branch server1 fatal: Not a valid object name: 'HEAD'. 2) adding a file in master/HEAD is not possible # touch README.md # git add README.md fatal: Unable to create '//.git/index.lock': No such file or directory how should I properly setup git to track my system-config ? Thanks. P.

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• Linux Mint on VirtualBox has no internet connection

  - by Martin

  Physical machine: Mac Mini running OSX 10.7.5 Virtual machine: Linux Mint 15 Cinnamon 64-bit Using VirtualBox. I am trying to make the linux connect to the internet. For some reason I can access the host computer with 192.168.2.100. Its set up to show me a web-page that says "It works". This I can see from the linux. But I cannot reach anything on the internet. Either FireFox says "Unable to connect" or when I run nslookup google.com I get connection timed out; no servers could be reached. My setting on VirtualBox under the Network tab are: Bridge Adapter vnic0 promiscouos Mode:Allow All`. If it makes a difference, the host has a WiFi connection to the home router. What have I missed?

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• Best network tuning variables for a Linux proxy

  - by smarthall

  What are the best settings to tune so that Linux can handle a very large amount of TCP connections such as would be seen by a proxy server or a webserver? I'm using Centos6 and squid and am seeing a large amount of TIME_WAIT connections backing up until finally the machine stops responding. The machine isn't loaded at the time, and is having trouble making ingoing and outgoing connections. I've had several suggestions of tuning /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_reuse and /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_reuse but they mention bad interactions with load balancers and NAT both of which are used in my situation.

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• How to compare differences between directories (linux)

  - by Phil

  I have two directories - one from earlier backup and second from newest backup. How do i compare what changes were made to files in directory from newest backup on Linux? Also how do i display changes in for example text and php files - i'm thinking about something like revision history on wikipedia where you see old version on one side of the screen and newest version on other and changes are highlighted. How do i achieve something like that? edit: How do i also compare remote dir with local?

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• Ping6 fail on linux

  - by michelemarcon

  I have 2 linux box configured with IPv4. I have tried adding IPv6 to them. I have issued this commands on box1: ip -6 addr add fd32:2d7f:f3c1::1/48 dev eth0 And I get this: inet6 addr: fd32:2d7f:f3c1::1/48 Scope:Global Then I have issued this command on box2: ip -6 addr add fd32:2d7f:f3c2::1/48 dev eth0 Back on box1 (command/response): ping6 fd32:2d7f:f3c1::1 is alive! ping6 fd32:2d7f:f3c2::1 ping6: sendto: Network is unreachable Why doesn't box1 ping box2 (of course, also box2 can't ping box1)?

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• Why Java applicaiton is running slow for clients on Linux

  - by Darshani

  We have two linux servers which have Apache Tomcat Installed. One is running the Database, the other is running with Java application. More than 100 users are connected to the servers. Server machines are quad core normal PC's which have 4 GB memory. It was running properly for the last 6 months but the application has recently started to run slowly . Suddenly the Java application is getting stuck & users cannot work for some time. There is no network issue. I am trying to identify the reason for this, whether it is a machine problem or the problem is in the Java application. Can any body help me with this?

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• Accessing subfolders of a windows share from linux

  - by Born2Smile

  Hi, at my work they have a funny setup: my home folder is a subfolder to a share, as such: \\server\share\subfolder Now I have full permissions to the subfolder, but no permissions to share. From windows I can connect to the VPN of my work place, type the above address into any address field, and voila: I see the contents of my home folder. In Linux (using Ubuntu) however, I can't figure out how to connect directly to the subfolder. Every attempt I can think of keeps returning "Access denied", because I don't have permission to view the share. Any help on how to connect to the subfolder would be greatly appreciated :) Cheers, Born2Smile

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