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• Can't register credit card with Microsoft Windows Azure

  - by user1083268

  I get the following error when trying to sign up for the Microsoft Azure 90-day free trial: We can't authorize the payment method. Please make sure the information is correct, or use another payment method. If you continue to get this message, please contact your financial institution. I've tried three different cards, two credit and one debit. Those cards are issued from two different banks. I've also tried the cards on two separate accounts. Someone from my work also confirmed that he could not sign up for the free trial either. Has anyone else had this problem? I haven't really seen much help searching Google and the support staff doesn't seem interested in helping people sign up for free accounts.

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• restaurant menu card tutorial for drupal?

  - by fayer

  im new on drupal and want to make a menu for a restaurant showing all the dishes with photos, prices and descriptions in categories (japanese food, chinese food etc). i wonder if there are some great tutorials or modules for this? i cant find any on the web. thanks you

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• using wild card when listing directories in python

  - by user248237

  how can I use wild cars like '*' when getting a list of files inside a directory in Python? for example, I want something like: os.listdir('foo/*bar*/*.txt') which would return a list of all the files ending in .txt in directories that have bar in their name inside of the foo parent directory. how can I do this? thanks.

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• C++ code snippet for a new baby greeting card

  - by uvts_cvs

  A friend of mine sent me this code snippet to celebrate his new baby birth: void new_baby_name() { father_surname++; } The snippet is from his point of view, he is the father and the new baby get the surname from him. I answered with this: class father_name {}; class mother_name {}; class new_baby_name: public father_name, public mother_name {}; but I am not fully satisfied of my answer...

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• Selecting a graphic card [closed]

  - by John

  Nvidia 480M and a GuadroFX 1800M. For Adobe After Effects and given the Cuda cores of the 480M which to buy??

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• best way to implement a deck for a card game in python

  - by matt1024

  What is the best way to store the cards and suits in python so that I can hold a reference to these values in another variable? For example, if I have a list called hand (cards in players hand), how could I hold values that could refer to the names of suits and values of specific cards, and how would these names and values of suits and cards be stored?

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• Bastion - Indie Humble Bundle

  - by user68008

  I have downloaded Bastion for Ubuntu and installed in the home folder normally. When executing "Games Bastion" nothing happens. Running Bastion directly from the installation folder results in the error below Unhandled Exception: System.EntryPointNotFoundException: glProgramParameteri at (wrapper managed-to-native) OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL.GL/Core:ProgramParameteri (uint,OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL.AssemblyProgramParameterArb,int) at OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL.GL.ProgramParameter (Int32 program, AssemblyProgramParameterArb pname, Int32 value) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.EffectPass.ApplyPass () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.Effect.DefineTechnique (System.String techniqueName, System.String passName, Int32 vertexIndex, Int32 fragmentIndex) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.SpriteEffect..ctor (Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.SpriteBatch..ctor (Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at GSGE.ExceptionGame.LoadContent () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 <snip> I have tried some solutions on the internet, like adding OpenTK.dll.config the line below: <dllmap os="linux" dll="libXi" target="libXi.so.6"/> This didn't help. Also tried running as sudo and that didn't help. Some posts said that this might be a problem with Ubuntu noveau drivers. But I'm using the NVIDIA proprietary drivers. DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=10.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=lucid DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS" OpenGL vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation OpenGL renderer string: GeForce 9400 GT/PCI/SSE2 OpenGL version string: 3.2.0 NVIDIA 195.36.24 direct rendering: Yes

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• Model View Control Issue: Null Pointer Initialization Question

  - by David Dimalanta

  Good morning again. This is David. Please, I need an urgent help regarding control model view where I making a code that uniquely separating into groups: An Activity Java Class to Display the Interface A View and Function Java Class for Drawing Cards and Display it on the Activity Class The problem is that the result returns a Null Pointer Exception. I have initialize for the ID for Text View and Image View. Under this class "draw_deck.java". Please help me. Here's my code for draw_deck.java: package com.bodapps.inbetween.model; import android.content.Context; import android.view.View; import android.widget.ImageView; import android.widget.TextView; import com.bodapps.inbetween.R; public class draw_deck extends View { public TextView count_label; public ImageView draw_card; private int count; public draw_deck(Context context) { super(context); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub //I have initialized two widgets for ID. I still don't get it why I got forced closed by Null Pointer Exception thing. draw_card = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.IV_Draw_Card); count_label = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Text_View_Count_Card); } public void draw(int s, int c, String strSuit, String strValue, Pile pile, Context context) { //super(context); //Just printing the card drawn from pile int suit, value = 1; draw_card = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.IV_Draw_Card); count_label = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Text_View_Count_Card); Card card; if(!pile.isEmpty()) //Setting it to IF statement displays the card one by one. { card = pile.drawFromPile(); //Need to check first if card is null. if (card != null) { //draws an extra if (card != null) { //Get suit of card to print out. suit = card.getSuit(); switch (suit) { case CardInfo.DIAMOND: strSuit = "DIAMOND"; s=0; break; case CardInfo.HEART: strSuit = "HEART"; s=1; break; case CardInfo.SPADE: strSuit = "SPADE"; s=2; break; case CardInfo.CLUB: strSuit = "CLUB"; s=3; break; } //Get value of card to print out. value = card.getValue(); switch (value) { case CardInfo.ACE: strValue = "ACE"; c=0; break; case CardInfo.TWO: c=1; break; case CardInfo.THREE: strValue = "THREE"; c=2; break; case CardInfo.FOUR: strValue = "FOUR"; c=3; break; case CardInfo.FIVE: strValue = "FIVE"; c=4; break; case CardInfo.SIX: strValue = "SIX"; c=4; break; case CardInfo.SEVEN: strValue = "SEVEN"; c=4; break; case CardInfo.EIGHT: strValue = "EIGHT"; c=4; break; case CardInfo.NINE: strValue = "NINE"; c=4; break; case CardInfo.TEN: strValue = "TEN"; c=4; break; case CardInfo.JACK: strValue = "JACK"; c=4; break; case CardInfo.QUEEN: strValue = "QUEEN"; c=4; break; case CardInfo.KING: strValue = "KING"; c=4; break; } } } }// //Below two lines of code, this is where issued the Null Pointer Exception. draw_card.setImageResource(deck[s][c]); count_label.setText(new StringBuilder(strValue).append(" of ").append(strSuit).append(String.valueOf(" " + count++)).toString()); } //Choice of Suits in a Deck public Integer[][] deck = { //Array Group 1 is [0][0] (No. of Cards: 4 - DIAMOND) { R.drawable.card_dummy_1, R.drawable.card_dummy_2, R.drawable.card_dummy_4, R.drawable.card_dummy_5, R.drawable.card_dummy_3 }, //Array Group 2 is [1][0] (No. of Cards: 4 - HEART) { R.drawable.card_dummy_1, R.drawable.card_dummy_2, R.drawable.card_dummy_4, R.drawable.card_dummy_5, R.drawable.card_dummy_3 }, //Array Group 3 is [2][0] (No. of Cards: 4 - SPADE) { R.drawable.card_dummy_1, R.drawable.card_dummy_2, R.drawable.card_dummy_4, R.drawable.card_dummy_5, R.drawable.card_dummy_3 }, //Array Group 4 is [3][0] (No. of Cards: 4 - CLUB) { R.drawable.card_dummy_1, R.drawable.card_dummy_2, R.drawable.card_dummy_4, R.drawable.card_dummy_5, R.drawable.card_dummy_3 }, }; } And this one of the activity class, Player_Mode_2.java: package com.bodapps.inbetween; import java.util.Random; import android.app.Activity; import android.app.Dialog; import android.content.Context; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.ImageView; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; import com.bodapps.inbetween.model.Card; import com.bodapps.inbetween.model.Pile; import com.bodapps.inbetween.model.draw_deck; /* * * Public class for Two-Player mode. * */ public class Player_Mode_2 extends Activity { //Image Views private ImageView draw_card; private ImageView player_1; private ImageView player_2; private ImageView icon; //Buttons private Button set_deck; //Edit Texts private EditText enter_no_of_decks; //text Views private TextView count_label; //Integer Data Types private int no_of_cards, count; private int card_multiplier; //Contexts final Context context = this; //Pile Model public Pile pile; //Card Model public Card card; //create View @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.play_2_player_mode); //-----[ Search for Views ]----- //Initialize for Image View draw_card = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.IV_Draw_Card); player_1 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.IV_Player_1_Card); player_2 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.IV_Player_2_Card); //Initialize for Text view or Label count_label = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Text_View_Count_Card); //-----[ Adding Values ]----- //Integer Values count = 0; no_of_cards = 0; //-----[ Adding Dialog ]----- //Initializing Dialog final Dialog deck_dialog = new Dialog(context); deck_dialog.setContentView(R.layout.dialog); deck_dialog.setTitle("Deck Dialog"); //-----[ Initializing Views for Dialog's Contents ]----- //Initialize for Edit Text enter_no_of_decks = (EditText) deck_dialog.findViewById(R.id.Edit_Text_Set_Number_of_Decks); //Initialize for Button set_deck = (Button) deck_dialog.findViewById(R.id.Button_Deck); //-----[ Setting onClickListener() ]----- //Set Event Listener for Image view draw_card.setOnClickListener(new Draw_Card_Model()); //Set Event Listener for Setting the Deck set_deck.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { if(card_multiplier <= 8) { //Use "Integer.parseInt()" method to instantly convert from String to int value. card_multiplier = Integer.parseInt(enter_no_of_decks.getText().toString()); //Shuffling cards... pile = new Pile(card_multiplier); //Multiply no. of decks //Dismiss or close the dialog. deck_dialog.dismiss(); } else { Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Please choose a number from 1 to 8.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } }); //Show dialog. deck_dialog.show(); } //Shuffling the Array public void Shuffle_Cards(Integer[][] Shuffle_Deck) { Random random = new Random(); for(int i = Shuffle_Deck[no_of_cards].length - 1; i >=0; i--) { int Index = random.nextInt(i + 1); //Simple Swapping Integer swap = Shuffle_Deck[card_multiplier-1][Index]; Shuffle_Deck[card_multiplier-1][Index] = Shuffle_Deck[card_multiplier-1][i]; Shuffle_Deck[card_multiplier-1][i] = swap; } } //Private Class for Random Card Draw private class Draw_Card_Model implements OnClickListener { public void onClick(View v) { //Just printing the card drawn from pile int suit = 0, value = 0; String strSuit = "", strValue = ""; draw_deck draw = new draw_deck(context); //This line is where issued the Null Pointer Exception. if (count == card_multiplier*52) { // A message shows up when all cards are draw out. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "All cards have been used up.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); draw_card.setEnabled(false); } else { draw.draw(suit, value, strSuit, strValue, pile, context); count_label.setText(count); //This is where I got force closed error, although "int count" have initialized the number. This was supposed to accept in the setText() method. count++; } } } } Take note that the issues on Null Pointer Exception is the Image View and the Edit Text. I got to test it. Thanks. If you have any info about my question, let me know it frankly.

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• Model View Control Issue: Null Pointer Initialization Question [closed]

  - by David Dimalanta

  Good morning again. This is David. Please, I need an urgent help regarding control model view where I making a code that uniquely separating into groups: An Activity Java Class to Display the Interface A View and Function Java Class for Drawing Cards and Display it on the Activity Class The problem is that the result returns a Null Pointer Exception. I have initialize for the ID for Text View and Image View. Under this class "draw_deck.java". Please help me. Here's my code for draw_deck.java: package com.bodapps.inbetween.model; import android.content.Context; import android.view.View; import android.widget.ImageView; import android.widget.TextView; import com.bodapps.inbetween.R; public class draw_deck extends View { public TextView count_label; public ImageView draw_card; private int count; public draw_deck(Context context) { super(context); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub //I have initialized two widgets for ID. I still don't get it why I got forced closed by Null Pointer Exception thing. draw_card = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.IV_Draw_Card); count_label = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Text_View_Count_Card); } public void draw(int s, int c, String strSuit, String strValue, Pile pile, Context context) { //super(context); //Just printing the card drawn from pile int suit, value = 1; draw_card = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.IV_Draw_Card); count_label = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Text_View_Count_Card); Card card; if(!pile.isEmpty()) //Setting it to IF statement displays the card one by one. { card = pile.drawFromPile(); //Need to check first if card is null. if (card != null) { //draws an extra if (card != null) { //Get suit of card to print out. suit = card.getSuit(); switch (suit) { case CardInfo.DIAMOND: strSuit = "DIAMOND"; s=0; break; case CardInfo.HEART: strSuit = "HEART"; s=1; break; case CardInfo.SPADE: strSuit = "SPADE"; s=2; break; case CardInfo.CLUB: strSuit = "CLUB"; s=3; break; } //Get value of card to print out. value = card.getValue(); switch (value) { case CardInfo.ACE: strValue = "ACE"; c=0; break; case CardInfo.TWO: c=1; break; case CardInfo.THREE: strValue = "THREE"; c=2; break; case CardInfo.FOUR: strValue = "FOUR"; c=3; break; case CardInfo.FIVE: strValue = "FIVE"; c=4; break; case CardInfo.SIX: strValue = "SIX"; c=4; break; case CardInfo.SEVEN: strValue = "SEVEN"; c=4; break; case CardInfo.EIGHT: strValue = "EIGHT"; c=4; break; case CardInfo.NINE: strValue = "NINE"; c=4; break; case CardInfo.TEN: strValue = "TEN"; c=4; break; case CardInfo.JACK: strValue = "JACK"; c=4; break; case CardInfo.QUEEN: strValue = "QUEEN"; c=4; break; case CardInfo.KING: strValue = "KING"; c=4; break; } } } }// //Below two lines of code, this is where issued the Null Pointer Exception. draw_card.setImageResource(deck[s][c]); count_label.setText(new StringBuilder(strValue).append(" of ").append(strSuit).append(String.valueOf(" " + count++)).toString()); } //Choice of Suits in a Deck public Integer[][] deck = { //Array Group 1 is [0][0] (No. of Cards: 4 - DIAMOND) { R.drawable.card_dummy_1, R.drawable.card_dummy_2, R.drawable.card_dummy_4, R.drawable.card_dummy_5, R.drawable.card_dummy_3 }, //Array Group 2 is [1][0] (No. of Cards: 4 - HEART) { R.drawable.card_dummy_1, R.drawable.card_dummy_2, R.drawable.card_dummy_4, R.drawable.card_dummy_5, R.drawable.card_dummy_3 }, //Array Group 3 is [2][0] (No. of Cards: 4 - SPADE) { R.drawable.card_dummy_1, R.drawable.card_dummy_2, R.drawable.card_dummy_4, R.drawable.card_dummy_5, R.drawable.card_dummy_3 }, //Array Group 4 is [3][0] (No. of Cards: 4 - CLUB) { R.drawable.card_dummy_1, R.drawable.card_dummy_2, R.drawable.card_dummy_4, R.drawable.card_dummy_5, R.drawable.card_dummy_3 }, }; } And this one of the activity class, Player_Mode_2.java: package com.bodapps.inbetween; import java.util.Random; import android.app.Activity; import android.app.Dialog; import android.content.Context; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.ImageView; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; import com.bodapps.inbetween.model.Card; import com.bodapps.inbetween.model.Pile; import com.bodapps.inbetween.model.draw_deck; /* * * Public class for Two-Player mode. * */ public class Player_Mode_2 extends Activity { //Image Views private ImageView draw_card; private ImageView player_1; private ImageView player_2; private ImageView icon; //Buttons private Button set_deck; //Edit Texts private EditText enter_no_of_decks; //text Views private TextView count_label; //Integer Data Types private int no_of_cards, count; private int card_multiplier; //Contexts final Context context = this; //Pile Model public Pile pile; //Card Model public Card card; //create View @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.play_2_player_mode); //-----[ Search for Views ]----- //Initialize for Image View draw_card = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.IV_Draw_Card); player_1 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.IV_Player_1_Card); player_2 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.IV_Player_2_Card); //Initialize for Text view or Label count_label = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Text_View_Count_Card); //-----[ Adding Values ]----- //Integer Values count = 0; no_of_cards = 0; //-----[ Adding Dialog ]----- //Initializing Dialog final Dialog deck_dialog = new Dialog(context); deck_dialog.setContentView(R.layout.dialog); deck_dialog.setTitle("Deck Dialog"); //-----[ Initializing Views for Dialog's Contents ]----- //Initialize for Edit Text enter_no_of_decks = (EditText) deck_dialog.findViewById(R.id.Edit_Text_Set_Number_of_Decks); //Initialize for Button set_deck = (Button) deck_dialog.findViewById(R.id.Button_Deck); //-----[ Setting onClickListener() ]----- //Set Event Listener for Image view draw_card.setOnClickListener(new Draw_Card_Model()); //Set Event Listener for Setting the Deck set_deck.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { if(card_multiplier <= 8) { //Use "Integer.parseInt()" method to instantly convert from String to int value. card_multiplier = Integer.parseInt(enter_no_of_decks.getText().toString()); //Shuffling cards... pile = new Pile(card_multiplier); //Multiply no. of decks //Dismiss or close the dialog. deck_dialog.dismiss(); } else { Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Please choose a number from 1 to 8.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } }); //Show dialog. deck_dialog.show(); } //Shuffling the Array public void Shuffle_Cards(Integer[][] Shuffle_Deck) { Random random = new Random(); for(int i = Shuffle_Deck[no_of_cards].length - 1; i >=0; i--) { int Index = random.nextInt(i + 1); //Simple Swapping Integer swap = Shuffle_Deck[card_multiplier-1][Index]; Shuffle_Deck[card_multiplier-1][Index] = Shuffle_Deck[card_multiplier-1][i]; Shuffle_Deck[card_multiplier-1][i] = swap; } } //Private Class for Random Card Draw private class Draw_Card_Model implements OnClickListener { public void onClick(View v) { //Just printing the card drawn from pile int suit = 0, value = 0; String strSuit = "", strValue = ""; draw_deck draw = new draw_deck(context); //This line is where issued the Null Pointer Exception. if (count == card_multiplier*52) { // A message shows up when all cards are draw out. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "All cards have been used up.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); draw_card.setEnabled(false); } else { draw.draw(suit, value, strSuit, strValue, pile, context); count_label.setText(count); //This is where I got force closed error, although "int count" have initialized the number. This was supposed to accept in the setText() method. count++; } } } } Take note that the issues on Null Pointer Exception is the Image View and the Edit Text. I got to test it. Thanks. If you have any info about my question, let me know it frankly.

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• Reset or clear the UIView from UILabels

  - by Nicsoft

  Hello, I have created an UIView on which I have a number of labels and I'm also drawing some lines in the same UIView. Sometimes I update the lines that I'm drawing. Now, the problem I am having is that when I update the lines, they get drawn according to my wish. But the labels are overwriting themselves. This shouldn't have been a problem if it wasn't for that the position is changed about 1 pixel and that makes the text go blurry. I don't know how to remove the labels before they are redrawn. I do remove the labels from the superview and add them back when drawRect is called, but the SetNeedDisplay doesn't clear the screen before the graphic is updated, I guess (I think I read that SetNeedsDisplay/drawRect doesn't clear the screen, just updating the content. Couldn't find the text now while searching)? What is the pattern to use here, should I create a retangle with the size of the screen (or the area where the labels are) and fill it with the background colour, or is there any other way to clear or reset the UIView (I don't want to release and create the UIView again). The view is created in IB and associated with a custom UIView. In IB I add some buttons and other static labels. The above labels and graphics is created programatically. Any comments would be helpful! Thanks in advance!

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• Double buffering with C# has negative effect

  - by Roland Illig

  I have written the following simple program, which draws lines on the screen every 100 milliseconds (triggered by timer1). I noticed that the drawing flickers a bit (that is, the window is not always completely blue, but some gray shines through). So my idea was to use double-buffering. But when I did that, it made things even worse. Now the screen was almost always gray, and only occasionally did the blue color come through (demonstrated by timer2, switching the DoubleBuffered property every 2000 milliseconds). What could be an explanation for this? using System; using System.Drawing; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e) { Graphics g = CreateGraphics(); Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Blue, 1.0f); Random rnd = new Random(); for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++) g.DrawLine(pen, 0, i, Width, i); } // every 100 ms private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e) { Invalidate(); } // every 2000 ms private void timer2_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e) { DoubleBuffered = !DoubleBuffered; this.Text = DoubleBuffered ? "yes" : "no"; } } }

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• Producing CCITT compressed TIFF from CGImage

  - by Brian Postow

  I have a CGImage (core graphics, C/C++). It's grayscale. Well, originally it was B/W, but the CGImage may be RGB. That shouldn't matter. I want to create a CCITT-Group 4 TIFF. I can create an LZW TIFF (grayscale or color) via creating a destination with the correct dictionary and adding the image in. No problem. However, there doesn't seem to be an equivalent kCGImagePropertyTIFFCompression value to represent CCITT-4. It should be 4, but that produces uncompressed. I have a manual CCITT compression routine, so if I can get the binary (1 bit per pixel) data, I'm set. But I can't seem to get 1 BPP data out of a CGImage. I have code that is supposed to put the CGImage into a CGBitmapContext and then give me the data, but it seems to be giving me all black. I've asked a couple of questions today trying to get at this, but I just figured, lets ask the question I REALLY want answered and see if someone can answer it. There's GOT to be a way to do this. I've got to be missing something dumb. What is it?

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• Defining Light Coordinates

  - by Zachary

  I took a Computer Graphics exam a couple of days ago which had extra credit question like the following: A light can be defined in one of two ways. It can be defined in world coordinates, e.g. a street light, or in the viewer (eye coordinates), e.g., a head-lamp worn by a miner. In either case the viewpoint can freely change. Describe how the light should be transformed different in these two cases. Since I won't get to see the results of this until after spring break, I thought I would ask here. It seems like the analogies being used are misleading - could you not define a light source that is located at the viewers eye in world coordinates just as well as you could in eye coordinates? I've been doing some research on how OpenGL handles light, and it seems as though it always uses eye coordinates - the ModelView matrix would be applied to any light in world coordinates. In that case the answer may just be that you would have to transform light defined in world coordinates into eye coordinates using something like the ModelView matrix, while light defined in eye coordinates would only need to be transformed by the projection matrix. Then again I could be totally under thinking (or over thinking this). Another thought I had is that it determines which way you render shadows, but that has more to do with the location of the light and its type (point, directional, emission, etc) than what coordinates it is represented in. Any ideas?

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• Graphics.MeasureCharacterRanges giving wrong size calculations in C#.Net?

  - by Owen Blacker

  I'm trying to render some text into a specific part of an image in a Web Forms app. The text will be user entered, so I want to vary the font size to make sure it fits within the bounding box. I have code that was doing this fine on my proof-of-concept implementation, but I'm now trying it against the assets from the designer, which are larger, and I'm getting some odd results. I'm running the size calculation as follows: StringFormat fmt = new StringFormat(); fmt.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center; fmt.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Near; fmt.FormatFlags = StringFormatFlags.NoClip; fmt.Trimming = StringTrimming.None; int size = __startingSize; Font font = __fonts.GetFontBySize(size); while (GetStringBounds(text, font, fmt).IsLargerThan(__textBoundingBox)) { context.Trace.Write("MyHandler.ProcessRequest", "Decrementing font size to " + size + ", as size is " + GetStringBounds(text, font, fmt).Size() + " and limit is " + __textBoundingBox.Size()); size--; if (size < __minimumSize) { break; } font = __fonts.GetFontBySize(size); } context.Trace.Write("MyHandler.ProcessRequest", "Writing " + text + " in " + font.FontFamily.Name + " at " + font.SizeInPoints + "pt, size is " + GetStringBounds(text, font, fmt).Size() + " and limit is " + __textBoundingBox.Size()); I then use the following line to render the text onto an image I'm pulling from the filesystem: g.DrawString(text, font, __brush, __textBoundingBox, fmt); where: __fonts is a PrivateFontCollection, PrivateFontCollection.GetFontBySize is an extension method that returns a FontFamily RectangleF __textBoundingBox = new RectangleF(150, 110, 212, 64); int __minimumSize = 8; int __startingSize = 48; Brush __brush = Brushes.White; int size starts out at 48 and decrements within that loop Graphics g has SmoothingMode.AntiAlias and TextRenderingHint.AntiAlias set context is a System.Web.HttpContext (this is an excerpt from the ProcessRequest method of an IHttpHandler) The other methods are: private static RectangleF GetStringBounds(string text, Font font, StringFormat fmt) { CharacterRange[] range = { new CharacterRange(0, text.Length) }; StringFormat myFormat = fmt.Clone() as StringFormat; myFormat.SetMeasurableCharacterRanges(range); using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(new Bitmap( (int) __textBoundingBox.Width - 1, (int) __textBoundingBox.Height - 1))) { g.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.AntiAlias; g.TextRenderingHint = System.Drawing.Text.TextRenderingHint.AntiAlias; Region[] regions = g.MeasureCharacterRanges(text, font, __textBoundingBox, myFormat); return regions[0].GetBounds(g); } } public static string Size(this RectangleF rect) { return rect.Width + "×" + rect.Height; } public static bool IsLargerThan(this RectangleF a, RectangleF b) { return (a.Width > b.Width) || (a.Height > b.Height); } Now I have two problems. Firstly, the text sometimes insists on wrapping by inserting a line-break within a word, when it should just fail to fit and cause the while loop to decrement again. I can't see why it is that Graphics.MeasureCharacterRanges thinks that this fits within the box when it shouldn't be word-wrapping within a word. This behaviour is exhibited irrespective of the character set used (I get it in Latin alphabet words, as well as other parts of the Unicode range, like Cyrillic, Greek, Georgian and Armenian). Is there some setting I should be using to force Graphics.MeasureCharacterRanges only to be word-wrapping at whitespace characters (or hyphens)? This first problem is the same as post 2499067. Secondly, in scaling up to the new image and font size, Graphics.MeasureCharacterRanges is giving me heights that are wildly off. The RectangleF I am drawing within corresponds to a visually apparent area of the image, so I can easily see when the text is being decremented more than is necessary. Yet when I pass it some text, the GetBounds call is giving me a height that is almost double what it's actually taking. Using trial and error to set the __minimumSize to force an exit from the while loop, I can see that 24pt text fits within the bounding box, yet Graphics.MeasureCharacterRanges is reporting that the height of that text, once rendered to the image, is 122px (when the bounding box is 64px tall and it fits within that box). Indeed, without forcing the matter, the while loop iterates to 18pt, at which point Graphics.MeasureCharacterRanges returns a value that fits. The trace log excerpt is as follows: Decrementing font size to 24, as size is 193×122 and limit is 212×64 Decrementing font size to 23, as size is 191×117 and limit is 212×64 Decrementing font size to 22, as size is 200×75 and limit is 212×64 Decrementing font size to 21, as size is 192×71 and limit is 212×64 Decrementing font size to 20, as size is 198×68 and limit is 212×64 Decrementing font size to 19, as size is 185×65 and limit is 212×64 Writing VENNEGOOR of HESSELINK in DIN-Black at 18pt, size is 178×61 and limit is 212×64 So why is Graphics.MeasureCharacterRanges giving me a wrong result? I could understand it being, say, the line height of the font if the loop stopped around 21pt (which would visually fit, if I screenshot the results and measure it in Paint.Net), but it's going far further than it should be doing because, frankly, it's returning the wrong damn results. Any and all help gratefully received. Thanks!

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• How to scan convert right edges and slopes less than one?

  - by Zachary

  I'm writing a program which will use scan conversion on triangles to fill in the pixels contained within the triangle. One thing that has me confused is how to determine the x increment for the right edge of the triangle, or for slopes less than or equal to one. Here is the code I have to handle left edges with a slope greater than one (obtained from Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice second edition): for(y=ymin;y<=ymax;y++) { edge.increment+=edge.numerator; if(edge.increment>edge.denominator) { edge.x++; edge.increment -= edge.denominator; } } The numerator is set from (xMax-xMin), and the denominator is set from (yMax-yMin)...which makes sense as it represents the slope of the line. As you move up the scan lines (represented by the y values). X is incremented by 1/(denomniator/numerator) ...which results in x having a whole part and a fractional part. If the fractional part is greater than one, then the x value has to be incremented by 1 (as shown in edge.incrementedge.denominator). This works fine for any left handed lines with a slope greater than one, but I'm having trouble generalizing it for any edge, and google-ing has proved fruitless. Does anyone know the algorithm for that?

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• Image drawing library for Haskell?

  - by absz

  I'm working on a Haskell program for playing spatial games: I have a graph of a bunch of "individuals" playing the Prisoner's Dilemma, but only with their immediate neighbors, and copying the strategies of the people who do best. I've reached a point where I need to draw an image of the world, and this is where I've hit problems. Two of the possible geometries are easy: if people have four or eight neighbors each, then I represent each one as a filled square (with color corresponding to strategy) and tile the plane with these. However, I also have a situation where people have six neighbors (hexagons) or three neighbors (triangles). My question, then, is: what's a good Haskell library for creating images and drawing shapes on them? I'd prefer that it create PNGs, but I'm not incredibly picky. I was originally using Graphics.GD, but it only exports bindings to functions for drawing points, lines, arcs, ellipses, and non-rotated rectangles, which is not sufficient for my purposes (unless I want to draw hexagons pixel by pixel*). I looked into using foreign import, but it's proving a bit of a hassle (partly because the polygon-drawing function requires an array of gdPoint structs), and given that my requirements may grow, it would be nice to use an in-Haskell solution and not have to muck about with the FFI (though if push comes to shove, I'm willing to do that). Any suggestions? * That is also an option, actually; any tips on how to do that would also be appreciated, though I think a library would be easier.

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• Scaling Image to multiple sizes for Deep Zoom

  - by AnthonyWJones

  Lets assume I have a bitmap with a square aspect and width of 2048 pixels. In order to create a set of files need by Silverlight's DeepZoomImageTileSource I need to scale this bitmap to 1024 then to 512 then to 256 etc down to 1 pixel image. There are two, I suspect naive, approaches:- For each image required scale the original full size image to the required size. However it seems excessive to be scaling the full image to the very small sizes. Having scaled from one level to the next discard the original image and scale each sucessive scaled image as the source of the next smaller image. However I suspect that this would generate images in the 256-64 range with poor fidelity than using option 1. Note unlike with the Deep Zoom Composer this tool is expected to act in an on-demand fashion hence it needs to complete in a reasonable timeframe (tops 30 seconds). On the pluse side I'm only creating a single multiscale image not a pyramid of mutliple high-res images. I am outside my comfort zone here, any graphics experts got any advice? Am I wrong about point 2? Is point 1 reasonably performant and I'm worrying about nothing? Option 3?

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• Turning off antialiasing in Löve2D

  - by cjanssen

  I'm using Löve2D for writing a small game. Löve2D is an open source game engine for Lua. The problem I'm encountering is that some antialias filter is automatically applied to your sprites when you draw it at non-integer positions. love.graphics.draw( sprite, x, y ) So when x or y is not round (for example, x=100.24), the sprite appears blurred. The same happens when the sprite size is not even, because (x,y) points to the center of the sprite. For example, a sprite which is 31x30 big will appear blurred again, because its pixels are painted in non-integer positions. Since I am using pixel art, I want to avoid this all the way, otherwise the art is destroyed by this effect. The workaround I am using so far is to force the coordinates to be round by littering the code with calls to math.floor(), and forcing all the sprites to have even sizes by adding a row or column of transparent pixels with the paint program, if needed. Is there some command to deactivate the antialiasing I can call at program startup?

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• Need guidelines for optimizing WebGL performance by minimizing shader changes

  - by brainjam

  I'm trying to get an idea of the practicality of WebGL for rendering large architectural interior scenes, consisting of 100K's of triangles. These triangles are distributed over many objects, and there are many materials in the scene. On the other hand, there are no moving parts. And the materials tend to be fairly simple, mostly based on texture maps. There is a lot of texture map sharing .. for example all the chairs in scene will share a common map. There is also some multitexturing - up to three textures overlaid in a material. I've been doing a little experimentation and reading, and gather that frequently switching materials during a rendering pass will slow things down. For example, a scene with 200K triangles will have significant performance differences, depending on whether there are 10 or 1000 objects, assuming that each time an object is displayed a new material is set up. So it seems that if performance is important the scene should be sorted by materials so as to minimize material switching. What I'm looking for is guidelines on how to think of the overhead of various state changes, and where do I get the biggest bang for the buck. For example, what are the relative performance costs of, say, gl.useProgram(), gl.uniformMatrix4fv(), gl.drawElements() should I try to write ubershaders to minimize shader switching? should I try to aggregate geometry to minimize the number of gl.drawElements() calls I realize that mileage may vary depending on browser, OS, and graphics hardware. And I'm also not looking for heroic measures. Just some guidelines from people who have already had some experience in making scenes fast. I'll add that while I've had some experience with fixed-pipeline OpenGL programming in the past, I'm rather new to the WebGL/OpenGL ES 2.0 way of doing things.

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• Using the contents of an array to set individual pixels in a Quartz bitmap context

  - by Magic Bullet Dave

  I have an array that contains the RGB colour values for each pixel in a 320 x 180 display. I would like to be able to set individual pixel values in the a bitmap context of the same size offscreen then display the bitmap context in a view. It appears that I have to create 1x1 rects and either put a stroke on them or a line of length 1 at the point in question. Is that correct? I'm looking for a very efficient way of getting the array data onto the graphics context as you can imagine this is going to be an image buffer that cycles at 25 frames per second and drawing in this way seems inefficient. I guess the other question is should I use OPENGL ES instead? Thoughts/best practice would be much appreciated. Regards Dave OK, have come a short way, but can't make the final hurdle and I am not sure why this isn't working: - (void) displayContentsOfArray1UsingBitmap: (CGContextRef)context { long bitmapData[WIDTH * HEIGHT]; // Build bitmap int i, j, h; for (i = 0; i < WIDTH; i++) { for (j = 0; j < HEIGHT; j++) { h = frameBuffer01[i][j]; bitmapData[i * j] = h; } } // Blit the bitmap to the context CGDataProviderRef providerRef = CGDataProviderCreateWithData(NULL, bitmapData,4 * WIDTH * HEIGHT, NULL); CGColorSpaceRef colorSpaceRef = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(); CGImageRef imageRef = CGImageCreate(WIDTH, HEIGHT, 8, 32, WIDTH * 4, colorSpaceRef, kCGImageAlphaFirst, providerRef, NULL, YES, kCGRenderingIntentDefault); CGContextDrawImage(context, CGRectMake(0.0, HEIGHT, WIDTH, HEIGHT), imageRef); CGImageRelease(imageRef); CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpaceRef); CGDataProviderRelease(providerRef); }

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• Ogre material scripts; how do I give a technique multiple lod_indexes?

  - by BlueNovember

  I have an Ogre material script that defines 4 rendering techniques. 1 using GLSL shaders, then 3 others that just use textures of different resolutions. I want to use the GLSL shader unconditionally if the graphics card supports it, and the other 3 textures depending on camera distance. At the moment my script is; material foo { lod_distances 1600 2000 technique shaders { lod_index 0 lod_index 1 lod_index 2 //various passes here } technique high_res { lod_index 0 //various passes here } technique medium_res { lod_index 1 //various passes here } technique low_res { lod_index 2 //various passes here } Extra information The Ogre manual says; Increasing indexes denote lower levels of detail You can (and often will) assign more than one technique to the same LOD index, what this means is that OGRE will pick the best technique of the ones listed at the same LOD index. OGRE determines which one is 'best' by which one is listed first. Currently, on a machine supporting the GLSL version I am using, the script behaves as follows; Camera 2000 : Shader technique Camera 1600 <= 2000 : Medium Camera <= 1600 : High If I change the lod order in shader technique to { lod_index 2 lod_index 1 lod_index 0 } The behaviour becomes; Camera 2000 : Low Camera 1600 <= 2000 : Medium Camera <= 1600 : Shader implying only the latest lod_index is used. If I change it to lod_index 0 1 2 It shouts at me Compiler error: fewer parameters expected in foo.material(#): lod_index only supports 1 argument So how do I specify a technique to have 3 lod_indexes? Duplication works; technique shaders { lod_index 0 //various passes here } technique shaders1 { lod_index 1 //passes repeated here } technique shaders2 { lod_index 2 //passes repeated here } ...but it's ugly.

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• C# / Silverlight / WPF / Fast rendering lots of circles

  - by Walt W

  I want to render a lot of circles or small graphics within either silverlight or wpf (around 1000-10000) as fast and as frequently as possible. If I have to go to DX or OGL, that's fine, but I'm wondering about doing this within either of those two frameworks first (read: it's OK if an answer is WPF-only or Silverlight-only). Also, if there is a way to access DX through WPF and render on a surface that way, I would be interested in that as well. So, what's the fastest way to draw a load of circles? They can be as plain as necessary, but they do need to have a radius. Currently I'm using DrawingVisual and a DrawingContext.DrawEllipse() command for each circle, then rendering the visual to a RenderTargetBItmap, but it becomes very slow as the number of circles rises. By the way, these circles move every frame, so caching isn't really an option unless you're going to suggest caching the individual circles . . . But their sizes are dynamic, so I'm not sure that's a great approach.

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• Drawing an image in Java, slow as hell on a netbook.

  - by Norswap

  In follow-up to my previous questions (especially this one : http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2684123/java-volatileimage-slower-than-bufferedimage), i have noticed that simply drawing an Image (it doesn't matter if it's buffered or volatile, since the computer has no accelerated memory*, and tests shows it's doesn't change anything), tends to be very long. (*) System.out.println(GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment() .getDefaultScreenDevice().getAvailableAcceleratedMemory()); --> 0 How long ? For a 500x400 image, about 0.04 seconds. This is only drawing the image on the backbuffer (obtained via buffer strategy). Now considering that world of warcraft runs on that netbook (tough it is quite laggy) and that online java games seems to have no problem whatsoever, this is quite thought provoking. I'm quite certain I didn't miss something obvious, I've searched extensively the web, but nothing will do. So do any of you java whiz have an idea of what obscure problem might be causing this (or maybe it is normal, tough I doubt it) ? PS : As I'm writing this I realized this might be cause by my Linux installation (archlinux) tough I have the correct Intel driver. But my computer normally has "Integrated Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 950", which would mean it should have accelerated video memory somehow. Any ideas about this side of things ?

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• Can I access views when drawn in the drawRect method?

  - by GianPac

  When creating the content view of a tableViewCell, I used the drawInRect:withFont, drawAtPoint... and others, inside drawRect: since all I needed was to lay some text. Turns out, part of the text drawn need to be clickable URLs. So I decided to create a UIWebView and insert it into my drawRect. Everything seems to be laid out fine, the problem is that interaction with the UIWebView is not happening. I tried enabling the interaction, did not work. I want to know, since with drawRect: I am drawing to the current graphics context, there is anything I can do to have my subviews interact with the user? here is some of my code I use inside the UITableViewCell class. -(void) drawRect:(CGRect)rect{ NSString *comment = @"something"; [comment drawAtPoint:point forWidth:195 withFont:someFont lineBreakMode:UILineBreakModeMiddleTruncation]; NSString *anotherCommentWithURL = @"this comment has a URL http://twtr.us"; UIWebView *webView = [[UIWebView alloc] initWithFrame:someFrame]; webView.delegate = self; webView.text = anotherCommentWithURL; [self addSubView:webView]; [webView release]; } As I said, the view draws fine, but there is no interaction with the webView from the outside. the URL gets embedded into HTML and should be clickable. It is not. I got it working on another view, but on that one I lay the views. Any ideas?

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• OpenGL fast texture drawing with vertex buffer objects. Is this the way to do it?

  - by Matthew Mitchell

  Hello. I am making a 2D game with OpenGL. I would like to speed up my texture drawing by using VBOs. Currently I am using the immediate mode. I am generating my own coordinates when I rotate and scale a texture. I also have the functionality of rounding the corners of a texture, using the polygon primitive to draw those. I was thinking, would it be fastest to make a VBO with vertices for the sides of the texture with no offset included so I can then use glViewport, glScale (Or glTranslate? What is the difference and most suitable here?) and glRotate to move the drawing position for my texture. Then I can use the same VBO with no changes to draw the texture each time. I could only change the VBO when I need to add coordinates for the rounded corners. Is that the best way to do this? What things should I look out for while doing it? Is it really fastest to use GL_TRIANGLES instead of GL_QUADS in modern graphics cards? Thank you for any answer.

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