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• Is there any way to code breakpoints/debugging?

  - by froadie

  I've been wondering this for a while - is there a way to code/program breakpoints...? Conditionally? For example, can I specify something like - "when this variable becomes this value, break and open the debugger"? (Would be quite useful, especially in long loops when you want to debug loop execution of a late loop value.) I suppose this may be IDE-specific since debugging is implemented differently in different IDEs... I'd be interested to know how to do this in any IDE, but specifically in Eclipse and Visual Studio.

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• Develop an classic UI or be bold with a newer design?

  - by DeanMc

  Forgive me if this is the wrong place but I am curious as to how other programmers feel about this topic: I am currently working on my portfolio site, it is being designed and built in silverlight 4. I initially started off with a typical stylised e-folio theme much like a standard website in terms of layout and flow. As I work more in the concept stages something has struck me. Am I trying to shoe-horn yesterday into today? What I am talking about is UI expectations. I'm all for clean user interfaces but that does not mean they should not take advantage of new concepts in presentation right? If you where to develop a site in silverlight as your own portfolio piece would you stick to the tried and tested "website" feel or would you try to come up with a UI that is intuitive and complements the technology? I feel that UI discussions are all the more important now that all forms of web development are allowing better methods to engage the user.

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• Beautiful examples of bit manipulation

  - by Yuval A

  What are the most elegant or useful examples of bit manipulation you have encountered or used? Examples in all languages are welcome.

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• Should a function have only one return statement?

  - by David

  Are there good reasons why it's a better practice to have only one return statement in a function? Or is it okay to return from a function as soon as it is logically correct to do so, meaning there may be many return statements in the function?

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• C: 8x8 -> 16 bit multiply precision guaranteed by integer promotions?

  - by craig-blome

  I'm trying to figure out if the C Standard (C90, though I'm working off Derek Jones' annotated C99 book) guarantees that I will not lose precision multiplying two unsigned 8-bit values and storing to a 16-bit result. An example statement is as follows: unsigned char foo; unsigned int foo_u16 = foo * 10; Our Keil 8051 compiler (v7.50 at present) will generate a MUL AB instruction which stores the MSB in the B register and the LSB in the accumulator. If I cast foo to a unsigned int first: unsigned int foo_u16 = (unsigned int)foo * 10; then the compiler correctly decides I want a unsigned int there and generates an expensive call to a 16x16 bit integer multiply routine. I would like to argue beyond reasonable doubt that this defensive measure is not necessary. As I read the integer promotions described in 6.3.1.1, the effect of the first line shall be as if foo and 10 were promoted to unsigned int, the multiplication performed, and the result stored as unsigned int in foo_u16. If the compiler knows an instruction that does 8x8-16 bit multiplications without loss of precision, so much the better; but the precision is guaranteed. Am I reading this correctly? Best regards, Craig Blome

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• writing a program to ban a user (by MAC address) from a network

  - by Gail

  I'm not sure if this is possible at the application layer. Can a program be written to read and analyze packets (maybe interfacing with wireshark through it's lua api) and ban MAC addresses with suspicious network traffic? (defining suspicious network traffic as packet injection patterns similar to known attacks)

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• Is it possible to create thread-safe collections without locks?

  - by Andrey

  This is pure just for interest question, any sort of questions are welcome. So is it possible to create thread-safe collections without any locks? By locks I mean any thread synchronization mechanisms, including Mutex, Semaphore, and even Interlocked, all of them. Is it possible at user level, without calling system functions? Ok, may be implementation is not effective, i am interested in theoretical possibility. If not what is the minimum means to do it? EDIT: Why immutable collections don't work. This of class Stack with methods Add that returns another Stack. Now here is program: Stack stack = new ...; ThreadedMethod() { loop { //Do the loop stack = stack.Add(element); } } this expression stack = stack.Add(element) is not atomic, and you can overwrite new stack from other thread. Thanks, Andrey

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• Volatile fields in C#

  - by Danny Chen

  From the specification 10.5.3 Volatile fields: The type of a volatile field must be one of the following: A reference-type. The type byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, uint, char, float, bool, System.IntPtr, or System.UIntPtr. An enum-type having an enum base type of byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, or uint. First I want to confirm my understanding is correct: I guess the above types can be volatile because they are stored as a 4-bytes unit in memory(for reference types because of its address), which guarantees the read/write operation is atomic. A double/long/etc type can't be volatile because they are not atomic reading/writing since they are more than 4 bytes in memory. Is my understanding correct? And the second, if the first guess is correct, why a user defined struct with only one int field in it(or something similar, 4 bytes is ok) can't be volatile? Theoretically it's atomic right? Or it's not allowed simply because that all user defined structs(which is possibly more than 4 bytes) are not allowed to volatile by design?

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• Is using a FSM a good design for general text parsing?

  - by eSKay

  I am reading a file that is filled with hex numbers. I have to identify a particular pattern, say "aaad" (without quotes) from it. Every time I see the pattern, I generate some data to some other file. This would be a very common case in designing programs - parsing and looking for a particular pattern. I have designed it as a Finite State Machine and structured structured it in C using switch-case to change states. This was the first implementation that occured to me. DESIGN: Are there some better designs possible? IMPLEMENTATION: Do you see some problems with using a switch case as I mentioned?

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• Number of different elements in an array.

  - by AB

  Is it possible to compute the number of different elements in an array in linear time and constant space? Let us say it's an array of long integers, and you can not allocate an array of length sizeof(long). P.S. Not homework, just curious. I've got a book that sort of implies that it is possible.

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• How to balance number of ratings versus the ratings themselves?

  - by zneak

  Hello guys, For a school project, we'll have to implement a ranking system. However, we figured that a dumb rank average would suck: something that one user ranked 5 stars would have a better average that something 188 users ranked 4 stars, and that's just stupid. So I'm wondering if any of you have an example algorithm of "smart" ranking. It only needs to take in account the rankings given and the number of rankings. Thanks!

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• Generating easy-to-remember random identifiers

  - by Carl Seleborg

  Hi all, As all developers do, we constantly deal with some kind of identifiers as part of our daily work. Most of the time, it's about bugs or support tickets. Our software, upon detecting a bug, creates a package that has a name formatted from a timestamp and a version number, which is a cheap way of creating reasonably unique identifiers to avoid mixing packages up. Example: "Bug Report 20101214 174856 6.4b2". My brain just isn't that good at remembering numbers. What I would love to have is a simple way of generating alpha-numeric identifiers that are easy to remember. Examples would be "azil3", "ulmops", "fel2way", etc. I just made these up, but they are much easier to recognize when you see many of them at once. I know of algorithms that perform trigram analysis on text (say you feed them a whole book in German) and that can generate strings that look and feel like German words. This requires lots of data, though, and makes it slightly less suitable for embedding in an application just for this purpose. Do you know of anything else? Thanks! Carl

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• Code-Golf: Friendly Number Abbreviator

  - by David Murdoch

  Based on this question: Is there a way to round numbers into a friendly format? THE CHALLENGE - UPDATED! (removed hundreds abbreviation from spec) The shortest code by character count that will abbreviate an integer (no decimals). Code should include the full program. Relevant range is from 0 - 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (the upper limit for signed 64 bit integer). The number of decimal places for abbreviation will be positive. You will not need to calculate the following: 920535 abbreviated -1 place (which would be something like 0.920535M). Numbers in the tens and hundreds place (0-999) should never be abbreviated (the abbreviation for the number 57 to 1+ decimal places is 5.7dk - it is unneccessary and not friendly). Remember to round half away from zero (23.5 gets rounded to 24). Banker's rounding is verboten. Here are the relevant number abbreviations: h = hundred (102) k = thousand (103) M = million (106) G = billion (109) T = trillion (1012) P = quadrillion (1015) E = quintillion (1018) SAMPLE INPUTS/OUTPUTS (inputs can be passed as separate arguments): First argument will be the integer to abbreviate. The second is the number of decimal places. 12 1 => 12 // tens and hundreds places are never rounded 1500 2 => 1.5k 1500 0 => 2k // look, ma! I round UP at .5 0 2 => 0 1234 0 => 1k 34567 2 => 34.57k 918395 1 => 918.4k 2134124 2 => 2.13M 47475782130 2 => 47.48G 9223372036854775807 3 => 9.223E // ect... . . . Original answer from related question (javascript, does not follow spec): function abbrNum(number, decPlaces) { // 2 decimal places => 100, 3 => 1000, etc decPlaces = Math.pow(10,decPlaces); // Enumerate number abbreviations var abbrev = [ "k", "m", "b", "t" ]; // Go through the array backwards, so we do the largest first for (var i=abbrev.length-1; i>=0; i--) { // Convert array index to "1000", "1000000", etc var size = Math.pow(10,(i+1)*3); // If the number is bigger or equal do the abbreviation if(size <= number) { // Here, we multiply by decPlaces, round, and then divide by decPlaces. // This gives us nice rounding to a particular decimal place. number = Math.round(number*decPlaces/size)/decPlaces; // Add the letter for the abbreviation number += abbrev[i]; // We are done... stop break; } } return number; }

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• Name of several objects that have the same type

  - by Tomek Tarczynski

  Lets assume we have a class car. How would You name parameters of function that takes two different cars? void Race(Car first, Car second); or maybe void Race(Car car1, Car car2); The same situation with function that takes car and list of cars as a parameters. I'm used to name 'cars' for list of cars, so it is inconvenient to use names like: void Race(Car car, List<Car> cars); Any suggestions about names?

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• Code Golf: Spider webs

  - by LiraNuna

  The challenge The shortest code by character count to output a spider web with rings equal to user's input. A spider web is started by reconstructing the center ring: \_|_/ _/ \_ \___/ / | \ Then adding rings equal to the amount entered by the user. A ring is another level of a "spider circles" made from \ / | and _, and wraps the center circle. Input is always guaranteed to be a single positive integer. Test cases Input 1 Output \__|__/ /\_|_/\ _/_/ \_\_ \ \___/ / \/_|_\/ / | \ Input 4 Output \_____|_____/ /\____|____/\ / /\___|___/\ \ / / /\__|__/\ \ \ / / / /\_|_/\ \ \ \ _/_/_/_/_/ \_\_\_\_\_ \ \ \ \ \___/ / / / / \ \ \ \/_|_\/ / / / \ \ \/__|__\/ / / \ \/___|___\/ / \/____|____\/ / | \ Input: 7 Output: \________|________/ /\_______|_______/\ / /\______|______/\ \ / / /\_____|_____/\ \ \ / / / /\____|____/\ \ \ \ / / / / /\___|___/\ \ \ \ \ / / / / / /\__|__/\ \ \ \ \ \ / / / / / / /\_|_/\ \ \ \ \ \ \ _/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \___/ / / / / / / / \ \ \ \ \ \ \/_|_\/ / / / / / / \ \ \ \ \ \/__|__\/ / / / / / \ \ \ \ \/___|___\/ / / / / \ \ \ \/____|____\/ / / / \ \ \/_____|_____\/ / / \ \/______|______\/ / \/_______|_______\/ / | \ Code count includes input/output (i.e full program).

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• The Definition of Regular Languages

  - by AraK

  Good Day, I have tried, and burned my brain to understand the definition of Regular Languages in Discrete Mathematics and its Applications(Rosen) without reaching the goal of understanding why the definition is like that in this book. On page(789), I am rephrasing the definition: Type 3 grammars are defined as: w1 --> w2 Where w1 is a non-terminal, and w2 is of the form: w2 = aB w2 = a Where B is a non-terminal, and a is a terminal. A special case is when w1 is the starting symbol and w2 is lambda(the empty string): w1 = S S --> lambda Two questions I couldn't find an answer for. First, Why can't w2 be of the form Ba. Second, Why lambda is only allowed for the starting symbol only. The book states that, regular languages are equivalent to Finite State Automaton, and we can easily see that a we can build FSA for both cases. I took a look at other resources, and these restrictions don't exist in these resources. Thanks,

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• What does 'foo' really mean?

  - by Prakash

  I hope this qualifies as a programming question, as in any programming tutorial, you eventually come across 'foo' in the code examples. (yeah, right?) what does 'foo' really mean? If it is meant to mean nothing, when did it begin to be used so? Cheers

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• Formula needed: Sort Array

  - by aw

  I have the following array: a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16] I use it for some visual stuff like this: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Now I want to sort the array like this: 1 3 6 10 2 5 9 13 4 8 12 15 7 11 14 16 //So the original array should look like this: a = [1,5,2,9,6,3,13,10,7,4,14,11,8,15,12,16] Yeah, now I'm looking for a smart formula to do that ticker = 0; originalArray = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16] newArray = []; while(ticker < originalArray.length) { //do the magic here ticker++; }

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• What is the best euphemism for a non-developer?

  - by Edward Tanguay

  I'm writing a description for a piece of software that targets the user who is "not technically minded", i.e. a person who uses "browser/office/email" and has a low tolerance for anything technical, he just "wants it to work" without being involved in any of the technical details. What is the best non-disparaging term you have seen to describe this kind of user? non-technical user low-tech user office user normal user technically challenged user non-developer computer joe Surely there is some official, politically-correct retronym for this kind of user that the press and software marketing use.

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• Sharing storage between servers

  - by El Yobo

  I have a PHP based web application which is currently only using one webserver but will shortly be scaling up to another. In most regards this is pretty straightforward, but the application also stores a lot of files on the filesystem. It seems that there are many approaches to sharing the files between the two servers, from the very simple to the reasonably complex. These are the options that I'm aware of Simple network storage NFS SMB/CIFS Clustered filesystems Lustre GFS/GFS2 GlusterFS Hadoop DFS MogileFS What I want is for a file uploaded via one webserver be immediately available if accessed through the other. The data is extremely important and absolutely cannot be lost, so whatever is implemented needs to a) never lose data and b) have very high availability (as good as, or better, than a local filesystem). It seems like the clustered filesystems will also provide faster data access than local storage (for large files) but that isn't of vita importance at the moment. What would you recommend? Do you have any suggestions to add or anything specifically to look out for with the above options? Any suggestions on how to manage backup of data on the clustered filesystems?

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• Regular expressions - finding and comparing the first instance of a word

  - by Dan

  Hi there, I am currently trying to write a regular expression to pull links out of a page I have. The problem is the links need to be pulled out only if the links have 'stock' for example. This is an outline of what I have code wise: <td class="prd-details"> <a href="somepage"> ... <span class="collect unavailable"> </td> <td class="prd-details"> <a href="somepage"> ... <span class="collect available"> </td> What I would like to do is pull out the links only if 'collect available' is in the tag. I have tried to do this with the regular expression: (?s)prd-details[^=]+="([^"]+)" .+?collect{1}[^\s]+ available However on running it, it will find the first 'prd-details' class and keep going until it finds 'collect available', thereby taking the incorrect results. I thought by specifying the {1} after the word collect it would only use the first instance of the word it finds, but apparently I'm wrong. I've been trying to use different things such as positive and negative lookaheads but I cant seem to get anything to work. Might anyone be able to help me with this issue? Thanks, Dan

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• When is a good time to start thinking about scaling?

  - by Slokun

  I've been designing a site over the past couple days, and been doing some research into different aspects of scaling a site horizontally. If things go as planned, in a few months (years?) I know I'd need to worry about scaling the site up and out, since the resources it would end up consuming would be huge. So, this got me to thinking, when is the best time to start thinking about, and designing for, scalability? If you start too early on, you could easily over complicate your design, and make it impossible to actually build. You could also get too caught up in the details, the architecture, whatever, and wind up getting nothing done. Also, if you do get it working, but the site never takes off, you may have wasted a good chunk of extra effort. On the other hand, you could be saving yourself a ton of effort down the road. Designing it from the ground up to be big would make it much easier later on to let it grow big, with very little rewriting going on. I know for what I'm working on, I've decided to make at least a few choices now on the side of scaling, but I'm not going to do a complete change of thinking to get it to scale completely. Notably, I've redesigned my database from a conventional relational design to one similar to what was suggested on the Reddit site linked below, and I'm going to give memcache a try. So, the basic question, when is a good time to start thinking or worrying about scaling, and what are some good designs, tips, etc. for when doing so? A couple of things I've been reading, for those who are interested: http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2009/06/scaling-up-vs-scaling-out-hidden-costs.html http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/5/17/7-lessons-learned-while-building-reddit-to-270-million-page.html http://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html

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• can a function return more than one value?

  - by ashish yadav

  can a function return more than one value? Edit Except return by reference.

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• Explaining NULL and Empty to your 6-year old?

  - by Atomiton

  I'm thinking in terms of Objects here. I think it's important to simplify ideas. If you can explain this to a 6-year old, you can teach new programmers the difference. I'm thinking that a cookie object would be apropos: public class Cookie { public string flavor {get; set; } public int numberOfCrumbs { get; set; } }

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• Do you ever feel confident in your skills?

  - by Gary Willoughby

  As a self taught developer i always find myself questioning my skill and knowledge and always feel like i am falling behind in using new technology. Over a period of nearly 9 years i've studied most mainstream languages (especially C based ones), used lots of different OSes, read and absorbed many books and even written one myself. But i still feel i'm usless! Do professional developers ever get to the stage where they feel confident that they know what they are doing and are confident when submitting solutions/code? When do you know you're good enough?

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