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• Endian Destination NAT

  - by Ben Swinburne

  I have installed Endian Community Firewall 2.3 and am clearly misunderstanding/doing something wrong with it. I'm trying to create some destination NAT rules to allow incoming connections to various services within the network. Router - RED I/F - x.x.x.x Router - GREEN I/F - 192.168.11.253 ECF - RED I/F - 192.168.11.254/24 ECF - GREEN I/F - 192.168.12.254/24 Target server - 192.168.12.1 Please ignore the haphazard choice of subnets and addresses- I'm trying to quickly plop Endian into an existing network before a complete rework in 6-12 months so for now. Everything works except destination NAT, so outgoing connections are fine, the routes between the two subnets are OK etc. I want to create various incoming NATs but let's take for the sake of argument, SMTP port 25 from the Internet to Target server 192.168.12.1. I've tried almost every combination of options in the Destination NAT section to achieve this and clearly am doing something wrong. I suspect my confusion must be somewhere in the Access From and/or Target section. The rest seems OK Filter Policy = Allow Service = SMTP Protocol = TCP Port = 25 Translate to type = IP DNAT Policy = NAT Insert IP = 192.168.12.1 Port Range = 25 Enabled = Checked Position = First I can't work out what I'm doing wrong, or am I doing it right and it's just not working!? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• SQL Server 2008 R2 transactional replication over VPN

  - by enashnash

  I'm having difficulty setting up replication over a VPN. I have a SQL Server 2008 R2, Enterprise Edition database on a Windows 2008 R2 Server. SQL Server is running on a non-standard port. I have set it up so that it is acting as its own distributor and have configured a publisher on this server. It is set as an updatable transational publication (yes, this is necessary). On this server, I have Routing and Remote Access enabled in order to be able to establish VPN connections. It is configured with a static IP address pool, of which the first in the range is always assigned to the server. I have assigned a test user a static address within this range (I don't know if this is necessary or not). All clients will be 2008 R2 versions, but could be SQL Express or standalone developer instances of the full product. I can establish a VPN connection from the client without problems and can see that the correct IP addresses are allocated. After connecting to the database to test that I can establish a connection, I realised that I needed to be able to connect to the database using the server name rather than an IP address - required for replication - which wouldn't work initially. I created an entry in the hosts file for the server on the client using the NETBIOS name of the server, and now I can connect to the server, from the client, using the SERVER\INSTANCE, PORT syntax, over the VPN. As it is the default instance on the server, I can also connect with simply SERVER, PORT syntax. After all that, I still get the following dreaded error: SQL Server replication requires the actual server name to make a connection to the server. Connections through a server alias, IP address, or any other alternate name are not supported. Specify the actual server name, 'SERVER\INSTANCE'. (Replication.Utilities). What have I missed? How do I get this to work? TIA

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• Cisco SG200 vlan issue in ESXi VSA cluster

  - by George

  I have three Cisco SG200-26 switches, and I also have two ESXi hosts that I have connected like shown in the below "best practice" map by VMware: http://communities.vmware.com/servlet/JiveServlet/previewBody/17393-102-1-22458/VSA_networking_map.pdf Even though I created the VLANs in the SG200 and I set the two VLANs (508 and 608) as allowed for these untagged ports (where my ESX NIC's are connected), I can not ping from host 1 to host 2 when configuring the NIC's to use 608 VLAN. Am I missing something? my IP's are all in the 192.168. range, and the only reason I need the VLANs is to isolate the traffic of VSA back-end internally, only the two hosts will be using the VLANs. So I think I do not have to create virtual interfaces on my router since that's the case, is my understanding correct? Also sending my switch config screenshot below.. all 3 switches have the latest firmware (it seems these were originally linksys and got rebranded as cisco after the acquisition) http://img31.imageshack.us/img31/2503/switch.gif Any ideas what to change on the Cisco SG200 to make this work , would be appreciated! The second VLAN (608) only needs two IP's: 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.2 The first VLAN (508) will have about 15 IP's for ESXi Management and VSA cluster service, I could use either 192.168.1.xx or 10.0.1.xx The rest of my network (about 50 clients) is in 192.168.1.xx range VMware also states that the VLAN protocol on the physical switch must be 802.1Q, not ISL, anyone knows which of the two my SG200-26 uses? In addition to that, the only requirement from VSA is that my two hosts: -Are in the same subnet. -Have static IP addresses set. -Have the same Default Gateway configured. If I need inter-vlan routing for this, I suppose I have to create virtual interfaces on my sonicwall, and assign an IP for each VLAN, and then set routes between them? Thank you for your time!

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• cpanel dns only / rdns questions

  - by Clear.Cache

  I started getting IPs from ARIN directly, instead of the data center I'm colocated at. Now I have to start applying rdns myself for my clients upon request, instead of having the NOC at the DC do this. That is obvious, since I am in full control over the IP delegation and therefore have nameserver authority. The question is, how do I "create" ptr / rdns records for my clients? My current server uses Cpanel / WHM with ns1/ns2.mycompany.com I also applied those as dns nameservers in the ARIN IP's whois record. How do I create rdns for my clients? Should I install Cpanel DNS Only on a entirely separate server and use this method instead? http://layer1.cpanel.net/ If so, how can I seamlessly transition over the dns records to that new dns server, retaining my ns1/ns2.mycompany.com and their ns1 and ns2 IP addresses? Even more important: I have to change the ns1/ns2 IPs to the new ones I retrieve from ARIN. How can this be done, avoiding downtime during the dns transition? On a side note, would it be easier to just install Cpanel DNS Only on a dedicated server and just use dns1.mycompany.com and dns2.mycompany.com with their own dedicated ns1/ns2 IPs from ARIN - and utilize this dns server for customers who request rdns? Would this be a more viable solution than using our current ns1/ns2.mycompany.com Nameservers? Is Cpanel DNS Only a standalone software that does not require Cpanel/WHM on another server? Is it possible to have redundant dns servers setup using this software solely, ns1 on one server and ns2 on another? Thanks.

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• strange Postfix logwatch log summary on my ubuntu vps

  - by DannyRe

  Hi I would be very thankful if someone could help me on explaining this logwatch summary of my postfix installation on my ubuntu 10.04 vps. I dont really know if this might be a normal log file because of the many authentication failed entries and foreign IP addresses. Any advise for a novice? Thx! ****** Summary ************************************************************************************* 113 SASL authentication failed 195 Miscellaneous warnings 8.419K Bytes accepted 8,621 8.419K Bytes delivered 8,621 ======== ================================================== 3 Accepted 60.00% 2 Rejected 40.00% -------- -------------------------------------------------- 5 Total 100.00% ======== ================================================== 2 5xx Reject relay denied 100.00% -------- -------------------------------------------------- 2 Total 5xx Rejects 100.00% ======== ================================================== 116 Connections 1 Connections lost (inbound) 116 Disconnections 3 Removed from queue 3 Delivered 1 Hostname verification errors ****** Detail (10) ********************************************************************************* 113 SASL authentication failed -------------------------------------------------------------- 113 92.24.80.207 host-92-24-80-207.ppp.as43234.net 113 LOGIN 113 generic failure 195 Miscellaneous warnings ------------------------------------------------------------------ 113 SASL authentication failure: cannot connect to saslauthd server: Permission denied 41 inet_protocols: IPv6 support is disabled: Address family not supported by protocol 41 inet_protocols: configuring for IPv4 support only 2 5xx Reject relay denied ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1 46.242.103.110 unknown 1 [email protected] 1 114.42.142.103 114-42-142-103.dynamic.hinet.net 1 [email protected] 1 Connections lost (inbound) -------------------------------------------------------------- 1 After RCPT 3 Delivered ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 myhost.xx 1 Hostname verification errors ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 Name or service not known 1 46.242.103.110 broadband-46-242-103-110.nationalcablenetworks.ru === Delivery Delays Percentiles ============================================================ 0% 25% 50% 75% 90% 95% 98% 100%

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• Puppet: array in parameterized classes VS using resources

  - by Luke404

  I have some use cases where I want to define multiple similar resources that should end up in a single file (via a template). As an example I'm trying to write a puppet module that will let me manage the mapping between MAC addresses and network interface names (writing udev's persistent-net-rules file from puppet), but there are also many other similar usage cases. I searched around and found that it could be done with the new parameterised classes syntax: if implemented that way it should end up being used like this: node { "myserver.example.com": class { "network::iftab": interfaces => { "eth0" => { "mac" => "ab:cd:ef:98:76:54" } "eth1" => { "mac" => "98:76:de:ad:be:ef" } } } } Not too bad, I agree, but it would rapidly explode when you manage more complex stuff (think network configurations like in this module or any other multiple-complex-resources-in-a-single-config-file stuff). In a similar question on SF someone suggested using Pienaar's puppet-concat module but I doubt it could get any better than parameterised classes. What would be really cool and clean in the configuration definition would be something like the included host type, it's usage is simple, pretty and clean and naturally maps to multiple resources that will end up being configured in a single place. Transposed to my example it would be like: node { "myserver.example.com": interface { "eth0": "mac" => "ab:cd:ef:98:76:54", "foo" => "bar", "asd" => "lol", "eth1": "mac" => "98:76:de:ad:be:ef", "foo" => "rab", "asd" => "olo", } } ...that looks much better to my eyes, even with 3x options to each resource. Should I really be passing arrays to parameterised classes, or there is a better way to do this kind of stuff? Is there some accepted consensus in the puppet [users|developers] community? By the way, I'm referring to the latest stable release of the 2.7 branch and I am not interested in compatibility with older versions.

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• Why does nmap ping scan over a VPN link return all hosts alive?

  - by ewwhite

  I'm curious as to why running an nmap -sP (ping scan) on a remote subnet linked via a Cisco site-to-site IPSec tunnel returns "host up" status for every IP in the range. [root@xt ~]# nmap -sP 192.168.108.* Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2012-11-22 14:08 CST Host 192.168.108.0 appears to be up. Host 192.168.108.1 appears to be up. Host 192.168.108.2 appears to be up. Host 192.168.108.3 appears to be up. Host 192.168.108.4 appears to be up. Host 192.168.108.5 appears to be up. . . . Host 192.168.108.252 appears to be up. Host 192.168.108.253 appears to be up. Host 192.168.108.254 appears to be up. Host 192.168.108.255 appears to be up. Nmap finished: 256 IP addresses (256 hosts up) scanned in 14.830 seconds However, a ping of a known-down IP simply times out or doesn't return anything... [root@xt ~]# ping 192.168.108.201 PING 192.168.108.201 (192.168.108.201) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 192.168.108.201 ping statistics --- 144 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 143001ms Is there a more effective way to scan live devices connected in this manner?

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• Is there any way to abstract IP address during ssh?

  - by Vivek V K

  I have a server which is in the middle of a forest. It is connected to the Internet via a microwave link and an ADSL link.Hence it has two different static IP addresses. Now if there is heavy rain, the microwave link breaks and I should use the much slower ADSL link. And I ping the microwave ip time to time to check if it is up again . But at times, I end up using the very slow ADSL link even if the microwave link is back up. Hence I need a way to automate this in the following way. 1.I need to abstract the IP address of the machine with some other name which when I use ssh or sftp, will poll both the IP and connect me to the best one. so for eg: if I say ssh -Y name@server, It should first try to connect to the microwave link if it cant, then connect to ADSL. 2.Suppose the first time I connect, the microwave link is down so it connects to ADSL, I need it to dynamically change to the microwave link once it is working again. Is this even possible?

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• .com domain transfer failing

  - by digital

  Hi, I'm trying to transfer one of my .com addresses between registrars. I'm down as the owner contact (confirmed working) and the losing registrar is down as the tech and admin contact. Last week I received an email stating that the domain transfer had been rejected by the losing registrar. I contacted the losing registrar and they denied that. My money from the winning registrar was refunded and I was told to try again. I've initiated the transfer again and received confirmation of pending transfer, I gave the correct EPP code and confirmed the transfer. Currently the status on the domain is set as OK, should it not be transfer pending? According to my name.com transfer page if the transfer is not authd in 5 days it will auto transfer anyway. I don't believe this will happen. Name.com have been really helpful but they can't really do much more now. The losing registrar is not being helpful hence me turning here. What can I do to make sure the domain transfers? The domain transfer is set to expire on the 17th. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Apache 2.2, worker mpm, mod_fcgid and PHP: Can't apply process slot

  - by mopoke

  We're having an issue on an apache server where every 15 to 20 minutes it stops serving PHP requests entirely. On occasions it will return a 503 error, other times it will recover enough to serve the page but only after a delay of a minute or more. Static content is still served during that time. In the log file, there's errors reported along the lines of: [Wed Sep 28 10:45:39 2011] [warn] mod_fcgid: can't apply process slot for /xxx/ajaxfolder/ajax_features.php [Wed Sep 28 10:45:41 2011] [warn] mod_fcgid: can't apply process slot for /xxx/statics/poll/index.php [Wed Sep 28 10:45:45 2011] [warn] mod_fcgid: can't apply process slot for /xxx/index.php [Wed Sep 28 10:45:45 2011] [warn] mod_fcgid: can't apply process slot for /xxx/index.php There is RAM free and, indeed, it seems that more php processes get spawned. /server-status shows lots of threads in the "W" state as well as some FastCGI processes in "Exiting(communication error)" state. I rebuilt mod_fcgid from source as the packaged version was quite old. It's using current stable version (2.3.6) of mod_fcgid. FCGI config: FcgidBusyScanInterval 30 FcgidBusyTimeout 60 FcgidIdleScanInterval 30 FcgidIdleTimeout 45 FcgidIOTimeout 60 FcgidConnectTimeout 20 FcgidMaxProcesses 100 FcgidMaxRequestsPerProcess 500 FcgidOutputBufferSize 1048576 System info: Linux xxx.com 2.6.28-11-server #42-Ubuntu SMP Fri Apr 17 02:45:36 UTC 2009 x86_64 GNU/Linux DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=9.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=jaunty DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 9.04" Apache info: Server version: Apache/2.2.11 (Ubuntu) Server built: Aug 16 2010 17:45:55 Server's Module Magic Number: 20051115:21 Server loaded: APR 1.2.12, APR-Util 1.2.12 Compiled using: APR 1.2.12, APR-Util 1.2.12 Architecture: 64-bit Server MPM: Worker threaded: yes (fixed thread count) forked: yes (variable process count) Server compiled with.... -D APACHE_MPM_DIR="server/mpm/worker" -D APR_HAS_SENDFILE -D APR_HAS_MMAP -D APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled) -D APR_USE_SYSVSEM_SERIALIZE -D APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE -D SINGLE_LISTEN_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT -D APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD -D AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS -D DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=128 -D HTTPD_ROOT="" -D SUEXEC_BIN="/usr/lib/apache2/suexec" -D DEFAULT_PIDLOG="/var/run/apache2.pid" -D DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status" -D DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log" -D AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="/etc/apache2/mime.types" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="/etc/apache2/apache2.conf" Apache modules loaded: alias.load auth_basic.load authn_file.load authz_default.load authz_groupfile.load authz_host.load authz_user.load autoindex.load cgi.load deflate.load dir.load env.load expires.load fcgid.load headers.load include.load mime.load negotiation.load rewrite.load setenvif.load ssl.load status.load suexec.load PHP info: PHP 5.2.6-3ubuntu4.6 with Suhosin-Patch 0.9.6.2 (cli) (built: Sep 16 2010 19:51:25) Copyright (c) 1997-2008 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2008 Zend Technologies

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• Why is my own e-mail address not listed in the To field?

  - by Sammy

  I have received a suspicious e-mail. I am not affiliated with the company mentioned in the e-mail body, or the signer. However, I have been using the app they mention in the e-mail. They are inviting me to a Beta test. But the e-mail is not by the original author of the app. But I'm thinking they might have hired an external company to do this version of the app. There is a link to a TestFlight page. So I'm not sure what to make of this. Now this is what mainly arose my attention. From: Anders Bergman <[email protected]> To: Bon Support Cc: Subject: Test av nya BBK för Android This is how it shows up in Outlook 2010. The "To" field is addressed to "Bon Support" and when I double-click on that I see [email protected]. I can assure you that none of these are my e-mail addresses. So where the heck is my own e-mail address? How could I have received this if it was addressed to someone else? If not spammers and skimmers and other criminals, who else is using this practice and why? And how can I tell now to what e-mail account I received this? I have more than one account set up in Outlook.

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• Basic IP address structure

  - by dannymcc

  We currently have a few servers, around 30-40 workstations and 16 phones. Each device has a static IP address. As an example the standard settings for a new workstation is; IP: 192.168.1.XXX Subnet: 255.255.255.0 Gateway: 192.168.1.99 DNS: 192.168.1.50 As I am slowly exploring new server OS's and virtualisation etc. I am getting close to wanting a wider range of IP addresses. What I would like to do is seperate the devices by IP as follows: Servers 192.168.1.XXX Workstations 192.168.2.XXX Printers 192.168.3.XXX Phones 192.168.4.XXX VM's 192.168.5.XXX Is this a bad idea, or is this a common way of doing things? My biggest concern is the phones and subnet masks. The phones are managed by our provider although I have access to the server that runs them. Would I need to change the subnet mask to 255.255.0.0 on all devices? Or only those that change? For example, the phones don't need to connect to any other devices other than other phones and the phone server. So if I have the phones on 192.168.1.XXX with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 and then moved everything I had complete ownership/control of to 192.168.X.XXX with a new subnet mask of 255.255.0.0. Would that work?

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• Qmail Patching Makes me Nervous

  - by JM4

  We have a system running CentOS 5 with Plesk 8.6 and Qmail running. Our primary domain is hosted through Media Temple. When Plesk and Qmail are hosted on a single Dedicated Virtual server, it reads the primary server IP and domain and reports that when sending emails from the system. Our pages are written in PHP so we are using the mail() function. While our email goes out to everybody, several enterprise email domains reject our email because it shows a different originating IP (our primary server IP and domain) than the domain we list in the 'from' address. This is not modifiable. Every domain we own of course does have its own IP as well underneath our primary server IP. I have seen several places online that provide a patch, specifically - which allows Domain Binding: "DomainBindings -- For servers that host multiple domains or have multiple IP addresses assigned to them, it is sometimes useful (or important) to have qmail use a specific IP address for its outgoing mail. By default, qmail uses whatever address the OS chooses for all outbound connections. With this patch, you can specify which address to use. It uses a control file similar to smtproutes to specify the outbound IP address to use, based on the sender's domain (local copy) (pyropus.ca)" Qmail Link First off I do not have netqmail installed so I'll need to find another source, but also I am completely unfamiliar with applying patches to qmail. Will I lose email services if I patch? Is it a simple apply and use process? Will my existing email accounts and data be restored after the patch? I am very, very new to unix/linux so this does make me a bit nervous but I am the only person who can make the change and it is one our company "HAS" to have. Any ideas?

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• Mounting Replicated Gluster Multi-AZ Storage

  - by Roman Newaza

  I have Replicated Gluster Storage which is used by Auto scaling Servers. Both, Auto scaling and Storage are allocated in two Availability zones. Gluster: Number of Bricks: 4 x 2 = 8 Transport-type: tcp Bricks: Brick1: gluster01:/storage/1a # Zone A Brick2: gluster02:/storage/1b # Zone B Brick3: gluster03:/storage/2a # Zone A Brick4: gluster04:/storage/2b # Zone B Brick5: gluster01:/storage/3a # Zone A Brick6: gluster02:/storage/3b # Zone B Brick7: gluster03:/storage/4a # Zone A Brick8: gluster04:/storage/4b # Zone B I used Round Robin DNS for Gluster entry point, so DNS name resolves to all of the storage server addresses which are returned in different order all the time: # host storage.domain.com storage.domain.com has address xx.xx.xx.x1 storage.domain.com has address xx.xx.xx.x2 storage.domain.com has address xx.xx.xx.x3 storage.domain.com has address xx.xx.xx.x4 The Storage is mounted with Native Gluster Client: # grep storage /etc/fstab storage.domain.com:/storage /storage glusterfs defaults,log-level=WARNING,log-file=/var/log/gluster.log 0 0 I have heard Gluster might be mounted with the first Server IP and after that it will fetch its configuration with the rest of Servers. Personally, I never tested single Server mount setup and I don't know how Gluster handles this. On EC2, traffic among single Availability zone is free and between different zones is not. When Client in zone A writes to storage and IP of Storage in zone B is returned, it will cost me twice more for data transfer: Client (Zone A) - Storage Server (Zone B) - Replication to Storage Server (Zone A). Question: Would it be better to mount Storage Server of the same zone, so that data transfer charges apply only for replication (A - A - B)?

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• Redmine install not working and displaying directory contents - Ubuntu 10.04

  - by Casey Flynn

  I've gone through the steps to set up and install the redmine project tracking web app on my VPS with Apache2 but I'm running into a situation where instead of displaying the redmine app, I just see the directory contents: Does anyone know what could be the problem? I'm not sure what other files might be of use to diagnose what's going on. Thanks! # # Based upon the NCSA server configuration files originally by Rob McCool. # # This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/ for detailed information about # the directives. # # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding # what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure # consult the online docs. You have been warned. # # The configuration directives are grouped into three basic sections: # 1. Directives that control the operation of the Apache server process as a # whole (the 'global environment'). # 2. Directives that define the parameters of the 'main' or 'default' server, # which responds to requests that aren't handled by a virtual host. # These directives also provide default values for the settings # of all virtual hosts. # 3. Settings for virtual hosts, which allow Web requests to be sent to # different IP addresses or hostnames and have them handled by the # same Apache server process. # # Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the # server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "/var/log/apache2/foo.log" # with ServerRoot set to "" will be interpreted by the # server as "//var/log/apache2/foo.log". # ### Section 1: Global Environment # # The directives in this section affect the overall operation of Apache, # such as the number of concurrent requests it can handle or where it # can find its configuration files. # # # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's # configuration, error, and log files are kept. # # NOTE! If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network) # mounted filesystem then please read the LockFile documentation (available # at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.1/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile>); # you will save yourself a lot of trouble. # # Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path. # ServerRoot "/etc/apache2" # # The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK. # #<IfModule !mpm_winnt.c> #<IfModule !mpm_netware.c> LockFile /var/lock/apache2/accept.lock #</IfModule> #</IfModule> # # PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process # identification number when it starts. # This needs to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars # PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE} # # Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out. # Timeout 300 # # KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than # one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate. # KeepAlive On # # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow # during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount. # We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance. # MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 # # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the # same client on the same connection. # KeepAliveTimeout 15 ## ## Server-Pool Size Regulation (MPM specific) ## # prefork MPM # StartServers: number of server processes to start # MinSpareServers: minimum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxSpareServers: maximum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxClients: maximum number of server processes allowed to start # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # worker MPM # StartServers: initial number of server processes to start # MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections # MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare # MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_worker_module> StartServers 2 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadLimit 64 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # event MPM # StartServers: initial number of server processes to start # MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections # MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare # MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_event_module> StartServers 2 MaxClients 150 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadLimit 64 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars User ${APACHE_RUN_USER} Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP} # # AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory # for additional configuration directives. See also the AllowOverride # directive. # AccessFileName .htaccess # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # <Files ~ "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy all </Files> # # DefaultType is the default MIME type the server will use for a document # if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions. # If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is # a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are # text. # DefaultType text/plain # # HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses # e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off). # The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people # had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that # each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the # nameserver. # HostnameLookups Off # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. # LogLevel warn # Include module configuration: Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.load Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.conf # Include all the user configurations: Include /etc/apache2/httpd.conf # Include ports listing Include /etc/apache2/ports.conf # # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below). # If you are behind a reverse proxy, you might want to change %h into %{X-Forwarded-For}i # LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent # # Define an access log for VirtualHosts that don't define their own logfile CustomLog /var/log/apache2/other_vhosts_access.log vhost_combined # Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files, # see README.Debian for details. # Include generic snippets of statements Include /etc/apache2/conf.d/ # Include the virtual host configurations: Include /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/ # Enable fastcgi for .fcgi files # (If you're using a distro package for mod_fcgi, something like # this is probably already present) #<IfModule mod_fcgid.c> # AddHandler fastcgi-script .fcgi # FastCgiIpcDir /var/lib/apache2/fastcgi #</IfModule> LoadModule fcgid_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_fcgid.so LoadModule passenger_module /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.7/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.so PassengerRoot /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.7 PassengerRuby /usr/bin/ruby1.8 ServerName demo and my vhosts file #No DNS server, default ip address v-host #domain: none #public: /home/casey/public_html/app/ <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost # ScriptAlias /redmine /home/casey/public_html/app/redmine/dispatch.fcgi DirectoryIndex index.html DocumentRoot /home/casey/public_html/app/public <Directory "/home/casey/trac/htdocs"> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> <Directory /var/www/redmine> RailsBaseURI /redmine PassengerResolveSymlinksInDocumentRoot on </Directory> # <Directory /> # Options FollowSymLinks # AllowOverride None # </Directory> # <Directory /var/www/> # Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews # AllowOverride None # Order allow,deny # allow from all # </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /home/casey/public_html/app/log/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel debug CustomLog /home/casey/public_html/app/log/access.log combined # Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" # <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> # Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks # AllowOverride None # Order deny,allow # Deny from all # Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 # </Directory> </VirtualHost>

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• Amazon AWS Ec2 instance, Elastic IP, Domain name from external domainseller, and Google Apps for Email

  - by Sid

  We are hosting our site on an Ec2 instance. Our Elastic IP is w.x.y.z and Public DNS is: ec2-w-x-y-z.compute-1.amazonaws.com. We've bought a domain name domainname.com from a lesser known domain-name-seller. We added an A-record pointing domainname.com to w.x.y.z. Will this work or do we need a CNAME record to point to the same too? We wanted to use Google apps for emailing so adjusted the TXT/MX records according to the Google Apps instructions to be able to send/recv email using @domainname.com email addresses. Have we got it right, more important, we came across queries relating to email sent from ec2-w-x-y-z.compute-1.amazonaws.com (our users can send email from their onsite accounts) going to spam (rDNS not pointing to domainname.com but to ec2-w-x-y-z.compute-1.amazonaws.com). How can we fix this? We came across SPF records, do they provide a complete solution? We aren't sure as to how to use them. Can you help pls? Thank you, Sid

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• Mail.app doesn't detect sender in Address Book

  - by CoreSandello

  Hi there. I don't understand, how does 'smart addresses' in Mail.app work. Recently I mentioned, that for some emails I don't see person's full name in 'From' column. I started to dig into this behavior and found out, that I have few contacts in my Address Book, that are not recognized by Mail.app. Here how it looks: I have a person in Address Book with filled email entry and filled first/last name (localized). I have an incoming email from that person (from email specified in Address Book), but first/last name in the email itself doesn't match with ones specified in Address Book (e. g. 'From' field in email looks like 'John [work] <[email protected]>' while Address Book entry is 'John Smith' (localized, in Russian)). And Mail.app doesn't recognize that this mail is originating from that person in Address Book: if I click on 'From' field, it suggests to me to add sender to Address Book, while for others' emails I have 'Show in Address Book' menu entry (especially for ones with full localized name in 'From' field). I'm wondering, is that behavior correct or I'm missing something? I'm using Snow Leopard & Mail 4.0; my system language set to English, if that matters. I'd like to have some clarifications on that Mail.app behavior: whenever it fixable or not (and if it's fixable, I'd like to see a fix). By the way, is it possible to match sender's address against Address Book entry in filter rules or not? That would be great, if I can create rules like 'move all mail from that person to that folder' without specifying exact source address. Thanks, Ivan.

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• Gluster bricks are offline and errors in logs

  - by Roman Newaza

  I have substituted all the IP addresses with hostnames and renamed configs (IP to hostname) in /var/lib/glusterd by my shell script. After that I restarted Gluster Daemon and the volume. Then I checked if all the peers are connected: root@GlusterNode1a:~# gluster peer status Number of Peers: 3 Hostname: gluster-1b Uuid: 47f469e2-907a-4518-b6a4-f44878761fd2 State: Peer in Cluster (Connected) Hostname: gluster-2b Uuid: dc3a3ff7-9e30-44ac-9d15-00f9dab4d8b9 State: Peer in Cluster (Connected) Hostname: gluster-2a Uuid: 72405811-15a0-456b-86bb-1589058ff89b State: Peer in Cluster (Connected) I could see mounted volumes size change on all the nodes when I execute df command, so new data is coming. But recently I noticed error messages in app log: copy(/storage/152627/dat): failed to open stream: Structure needs cleaning readfile(/storage/1438227/dat): failed to open stream: Input/output error unlink(/storage/189457/23/dat): No such file or directory Finally, I have found out some bricks are offline: root@GlusterNode1a:~# gluster volume status Status of volume: storage Gluster process Port Online Pid ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Brick gluster-1a:/storage/1a 24009 Y 1326 Brick gluster-1b:/storage/1b 24009 N N/A Brick gluster-2a:/storage/2a 24009 N N/A Brick gluster-2b:/storage/2b 24009 N N/A Brick gluster-1a:/storage/3a 24011 Y 1332 Brick gluster-1b:/storage/3b 24011 N N/A Brick gluster-2a:/storage/4a 24011 N N/A Brick gluster-2b:/storage/4b 24011 N N/A NFS Server on localhost 38467 Y 24670 Self-heal Daemon on localhost N/A Y 24676 NFS Server on gluster-2b 38467 Y 4339 Self-heal Daemon on gluster-2b N/A Y 4345 NFS Server on gluster-2a 38467 Y 1392 Self-heal Daemon on gluster-2a N/A Y 1402 NFS Server on gluster-1b 38467 Y 2435 Self-heal Daemon on gluster-1b N/A Y 2441 What can I do about that? I need to fix it. Note: CPU and Network usage of all the four nodes are about the same.

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• Troubleshooting wireless connection problem / site survey?

  - by johnnyb10

  I just started in the IT department of a small company (200 users) and it's clear that one of the main problems that is driving everyone crazy is the spotty nature of the wireless connectivity throughout the office, particularly in certain conference rooms. This is a huge problem because the connection often drops during important presentations to clients. I was hired to help ease the load on the existing IT admin, who has done a great job, but is overloaded with many other tasks to deal with. So I would like to try to help out with this wireless issue. I am looking for advice on the best way to solve this problem--a realistic troubleshooting methodology that does not require me to spend any money. So far, I've experimented with Ekahau Heat Mapper, which is free and helps create a site survey. But I'm not exactly sure what I'm looking for or if there are other programs/tools/methods I should try as well. Any advice would be greatly appreciated. [Some background: The wireless setup consists of an HP ProCurve Mobility MSM (710?) controller that controls 10 access points throughout the building. There are three virtual wireless networks configured on the controller: one seems to be a default that cannot be changed, one is for internal employees and authenticates via Active Directory, and the third is a guest network for visitors. When I use HeatMapper, these show up as three different SSIDs, with different MAC addresses, all on the same channel. At first I thought maybe this would cause interference, but this seems to be the way the controller works;apparently, it automatically configures the channels to avoid interference from the other APs on the network.]

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• DNS Server on Fedora 11

  - by Funky Si

  I recently upgraded my Fedora 10 server to Fedora 11 and am getting the following error in my DNS/named config. named[27685]: not insecure resolving 'fedoraproject.org/A/IN: 212.104.130.65#53 This only shows for certain addresses some are resolved fine and I can ping and browse to them fine, while others produce the error above. This is my named.conf file acl trusted-servers { 192.168.1.10; }; options { directory "/var/named"; forwarders {212.104.130.9 ; 212.104.130.65; }; forward only; allow-transfer { 127.0.0.1; }; # dnssec-enable yes; # dnssec-validation yes; # dnssec-lookaside . trust-anchor dlv.isc.org.; }; # Forward Zone for hughes.lan domain zone "funkygoth" IN { type master; file "funkygoth.zone"; allow-transfer { trusted-servers; }; }; # Reverse Zone for hughes.lan domain zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "1.168.192.zone"; }; include "/etc/named.dnssec.keys"; include "/etc/pki/dnssec-keys/dlv/dlv.isc.org.conf"; include "/etc/pki/dnssec-keys//named.dnssec.keys"; include "/etc/pki/dnssec-keys//dlv/dlv.isc.org.conf"; Anyone know what I have set wrong here?

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• Wifi network undetectable on a Lenovo G470

  - by Rex

  I have a WPA2 secured network with a visible SSID at home that works perfectly fine with a Dell laptop,a HP netbook and sundry mobile phones. When I try connecting my sister's Lenovo G470, it refuses to detect the wifi network no matter what, but shows up the neighbors' networks. The Lenovo also works correctly at her office. Both laptops run Windows 7. Already tried/checked the following: Manually configure wifi network settings (copied over from the Dell) Ensure there is no MAC address filtering on the router. Ensure router DHCP server is not running out of addresses to assign (I have set it to allocate upto 10). Reboot laptop, router etc. Is this a known problem, and is there anything else one could try? Update - The problematic Lenovo uses Windows 7 Home Basic while the Dell that works uses Home Premium and the HP netbook uses Starter edition - if that makes any difference. Further update - It is able to connect if I reboot into safe mode with networking. However in 'normal' mode it shows up the network sporadically, and then says there was an error connecting to it. All the network parameters, password, encryption, etc etc are EXACTLY the same as they are on the Dell.

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• KVM Guest with NAT + Bridged networking

  - by Daniel

  I currently have a few KVM Guests on a dedicated server with bridged networking (this works) and i can successfully ping the outside ips i assign via ifconfig (in the guest). However, due to the fact i only have 5 public ipv4 ip addresses, i would like to port forward services like so: hostip:port - kvm_guest:port UPDATE I found out KVM comes with a "default" NAT interface, so added the virtual NIC to the Guest virsh configuration then configured it in the Guest, it has the ip address: 192.168.122.112 I can successfully ping 192.168.122.112 and access all ports on 192.168.122.112 from the KVM Host, so i tried to port forward like so: iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 5222 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.122.112:2521 iptables -I FORWARD -m state -d 192.168.122.0/24 --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT telnet KVM_HOST_IP 5222 just hangs on "trying" telnet 192.168.122.112 2521 works [root@node1 ~]# tcpdump port 5222 tcpdump: WARNING: eth0: no IPv4 address assigned tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 23:43:47.216181 IP 1.152.245.247.51183 > null.xmpp-client: Flags [S], seq 1183303931, win 65535, options [mss 1400,nop,wscale 3,nop,nop,TS val 445777813 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 23:43:48.315747 IP 1.152.245.247.51183 > null.xmpp-client: Flags [S], seq 1183303931, win 65535, options [mss 1400,nop,wscale 3,nop,nop,TS val 445778912 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 23:43:49.415606 IP 1.152.245.247.51183 > null.xmpp-client: Flags [S], seq 1183303931, win 65535, options [mss 1400,nop,wscale 3,nop,nop,TS val 445780010 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 7 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel [root@node1 ~]# iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere 192.168.122.0/24 state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination All help is appreciated. Thanks.

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• Cannot access certain URL on my wireless

  - by dehmann

  Problem: On my wireless network at home, there is one URL that I just cannot access with my browser: http://research.microsoft.com/ I have no problems with the Internet connection otherwise. But on that address I just get The connection was reset The connection to the server was reset while the page was loading. from Firefox. I am using a DSL modem (Westell) and Linksys wireless router (using DHCP). When I use my neighbor's wireless connection I can access the microsoft site without a problem. Additional technical details: But with my connection, here is what I get from nslookup. It is weird: It first cannot find the address, but after I look up another address it can find it: $ nslookup research.microsoft.com ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached $ nslookup google.com Non-authoritative answer: Name: google.com Address: 72.14.204.104 Name: google.com Address: 72.14.204.147 Name: google.com Address: 72.14.204.99 Name: google.com Address: 72.14.204.103 $ nslookup research.microsoft.com Non-authoritative answer: Name: research.microsoft.com Address: 131.107.65.14 But even after nslookup finds it Firefox still cannot access it. Here is what traceroute says: $ traceroute http://research.microsoft.com/ traceroute: Warning: http://research.microsoft.com/ has multiple addresses; using 8.15.7.117 traceroute to http://research.microsoft.com/ (8.15.7.117), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 dslrouter.westell.com (1XX.XXX.X.X) 4.515 ms 2.760 ms 3.072 ms 2 * * * Traceroute just to the IP: $ traceroute 131.107.65.14 traceroute to 131.107.65.14 (131.107.65.14), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 dslrouter.westell.com (1XX.XXX.X.X) 11.912 ms 2.684 ms 2.808 ms 2 * * * Comparison: Traceroute to google.com IP: $ traceroute 72.14.204.99 traceroute to 72.14.204.99 (72.14.204.99), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 dslrouter.westell.com (1XX.XXX.X.X) 6.428 ms 6.981 ms 117.099 ms 2 * * * Any comments / help?

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• How to determine which ports are open/closed on a FIREWALL?

  - by Rahl

  It seems no one has asked this question before (most regard host-based firewalls). Anyone familiar with port scanning tools (e.g. nmap) knows all about SYN scanning, FIN scanning, and the like to determine open ports on a host machine. Question is though, how do you determine the open ports on a firewall itself (disregard whether the host you're trying to connect to behind the firewall has those particular ports open or closed). This is assuming the firewall is blocking your IP connection. Example: We all communicate with serverfault.com through port 80 (web traffic). A scan on a host would reveal port 80 is open. If serverfault.com is behind a firewall and still allows this traffic through, then we can assume the firewall has port 80 open also. Now let's assume the firewall is blocking you (e.g. your IP address is under the deny list or is missing in the allowed list). You know port 80 has to be open (it works for appropriate IP addresses), but when you (the disallowed IP) attempt any scanning, all port scan attempts on the firewall drop the packet (including port 80, which we know to be open). So, how might we accomplish a direct firewall scan to reveal open/closed ports on the firewall itself, while still using the disallowed IP?

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• Is there a reason to use internal DNS over 8.8.8.8 ?

  - by skylarking

  I've inherited a LAN where there is really no name resolution being done for local resources... i.e. all users enter IP addresses manually to access printers and network shares. There are no LDAP servers or domains either....workstations simply connect to the network without authentication. DHCP is handled via a core switch... And DNS settings are also handed out by this same core switch. Currently, the DNS assignments are as such, and in this order: 10.1.1.50 / old Pentium III Windows 2003 box running DNS service- 128 MB RAM 169.200.x.x / ISP 4.2.2.2. / the well known public one There a couple thousand clients on the LAN....and most of the activity is web browsing ( this is an educational setting ). First of all, the server seems woefully underpowered for this task...yet there is virtually no slowness when web surfing by clients.... How much horsepower should a heavily used DNS server have ? I have also heard using 4.2.2.2 is a bad idea .... since it has been so overused... Finally, wouldn't it make sense to have a robust external DNS server listed first? ( Google's 8.8.8.8 would seem to be a logical candidate )

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