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  • Global State and Singletons Dependency injection

    - by Manu
    this is a problem i face lot of times when i am designing a new app i'll use a sample problem to explain this think i am writing simple game.so i want to hold a list of players. i have few options.. 1.use a static field in some class private static ArrayList<Player> players = new ArrayList<Integer>(); public Player getPlayer(int i){ return players.get(i); } but this a global state 2.or i can use a singleton class PlayerList{ private PlayerList instance; private PlayerList(){...} public PlayerList getInstance() { if(instance==null){ ... } return instance; } } but this is bad because it's a singleton 3.Dependency injection class Game { private PlayerList playerList; public Game(PlayerList list) { this.list = list; } public PlayerList getPlayerList() { return playerList; } } this seems good but it's not, if any object outside Game need to look at PlayerList (which is the usual case) i have to use one of the above methods to make the Game class available globally. so I just add another layer to the problem. didn't actually solve anything. what is the optimum solution ? (currently i use Singleton approach)

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  • Preferred way of filling up a C++ vector of structs

    - by henle
    Alternative 1, reusing a temporary variable: Sticker sticker; sticker.x = x + foreground.x; sticker.y = foreground.y; sticker.width = foreground.width; sticker.height = foreground.height; board.push_back(sticker); sticker.x = x + outline.x; sticker.y = outline.y; sticker.width = outline.width; sticker.height = outline.height; board.push_back(sticker); Alternative 2, scoping the temporary variable: { Sticker sticker; sticker.x = x + foreground.x; sticker.y = foreground.y; sticker.width = foreground.width; sticker.height = foreground.height; board.push_back(sticker); } { Sticker sticker; sticker.x = x + outline.x; sticker.y = outline.y; sticker.width = outline.width; sticker.height = outline.height; board.push_back(sticker); } Alternative 3, writing straight to the vector memory: { board.push_back(Sticker()); Sticker &sticker = board.back(); sticker.x = x + foreground.x; sticker.y = foreground.y; sticker.width = foreground.width; sticker.height = foreground.height; } { board.push_back(Sticker()); Sticker &sticker = board.back(); sticker.x = x + outline.x; sticker.y = outline.y; sticker.width = outline.width; sticker.height = outline.height; } Which approach do you prefer?

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  • What is the best approach for inline code comments?

    - by d1egoaz
    We are doing some refactoring to a 20 years old legacy codebase, and I'm having a discussion with my colleague about the comments format in the code (plsql, java). There is no a default format for comments, but in most cases people do something like this in the comment: // date (year, year-month, yyyy-mm-dd, dd/mm/yyyy), (author id, author name, author nickname) and comment the proposed format for future and past comments that I want is: // {yyyy-mm-dd}, unique_author_company_id, comment My colleague says that we only need the comment, and must reformat all past and future comments to this format: // comment My arguments: I say for maintenance reasons, it's important to know when and who did a change (even this information is in the SCM). The code is living, and for that reason has a history. Because without the change dates it's impossible to know when a change was introduced without open the SCM tool and search in the long object history. because the author is very important, a change of authors is more credible than a change of authory Agility reasons, no need to open and navigate through the SCM tool people would be more afraid to change something that someone did 15 years ago, than something that was recently created or changed. etc. My colleague's arguments: The history is in the SCM Developers must not be aware of the history of the code directly in the code Packages gets 15k lines long and unstructured comments make these packages harder to understand What do you think is the best approach? Or do you have a better approach to solve this problem?

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  • Which .NET REST approach/technology/tool should I use?

    - by SonOfPirate
    I am implementing a RESTful web service and several client applications that are mostly in Silverlight. I am finding a litany of options for developing both the server-side and client-side of the API but am not sure which is the best approach. I'm concerned about stability as well as a platform that will continue to exist a few months from now. We started using the REST Starter Kit with .NET 3.5 but moved to the new WCF Web API when updating to .NET 4.0. All of their documentation indicates that WCF Web API is the replacement for the RSK. However, Web API is only in Preview 4 and does not include support for Silverlight or Windows Phone 7 clients (yet). WCF Web API looks like a wrapper on top of the WCF WebHttp Services stuff provided in the System.ServiceModel.Web library which makes me think that maybe it would be simpler to just go with the built-in stuff but Web API does offer some nice features. I am specifically tied-up trying to determine the best course for the client-side. My main requirement is that I need to support deserializing into my client-side objects quickly and easily. The Web API offers a nice client library but doesn't have a Silverlight version. I'd like to use the latest approach and the toolset that is being actively developed and supported. Is the REST Starter Kit really obsolete? Has anyone had any success implementing the WCF Web API toolkit? Is there merit to using either of these over the built-in WCF WebHttp Services features found in System.ServiceModel.Web? Is there a single solution that works for any client (web, Silverlight, etc.)? What suggestions do you have?

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  • Need advice for approach for a web-based app that loads excel worksheet but exposes only the charts

    - by John
    I'm looking for suggestions on the Visual Studio approach to take for a web application that is in the conceptual stage. My environment has a lot of tools: Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard 64bit Visual Studio 2010 Professional Edition Sharepoint 2010 Server Enterprise Edition SQL Server 2008 R2 Office 2010 Professional I know I will need this app to retrieve data from a database (or a web service - not sure exactly at this point). The data needs to be placed in an Excel workbook dynamically. The app will need to have a nice user interface (standard web controls - perhaps with some Javascript effects). The Excel ribbon and worksheet grid will need to be hidden. Some web control(s) will cause the Excel chart(s) to be rendered. I am thinking this sounds like Visual Studio Tools for Office (VSTO) so as to leverage .Net and hide Excel. Can you offer suggestions regarding: One ASP.Net Web App Project One Class Library Project for Excel or perhaps which one of the several different Excel 2010 project types (addin, template, document) Would Excel Services for Sharepoint be useful (or required) ? I am feeling a little overwhelmed with so many choices at this early stage of conceptualizing the app. Can you suggest some ideas for this sort of thing? Also, I am a bit more experienced with C# but I've read VB.Net is better for work with the Excel object model. What are general advises with regard to tool choice and overall approach tradeoffs?

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  • "Default approach" when creating a class from scratch: getters for everything, or limited access?

    - by Prog
    Until recently I always had getters (and sometimes setters but not always) for all the fields in my class. It was my 'default': very automatic and I never doubted it. However recently some discussions on this site made me realize maybe it's not the best approach. When you create a class, you often don't know exactly how it's going to be used in the future by other classes. So in that sense, it's good to have getters and setter for all of the fields in the class. So other classes could use it in the future any way they want. Allowing this flexibility doesn't require you to over engineer anything, only to provide getters. However some would say it's better to limit the access to a class, and only allow access to certain fields, while other fields stay completely private. What is your 'default' approach when building a class from scratch? Do you make getters for all the fields? Or do you always choose selectively which fields to expose through a getter and which to keep completely private?

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  • What is the most effective approach to learn an unfamiliar complex program? [closed]

    - by bdroc
    Possible Duplicate: How do you dive into large code bases? I have quite a bit of experience with different programming languages and writing small and functional programs for a variety of purposes. My coding skills aren't what I have a problem with. In fact, I've written a decent web application from scratch for my startup. However, I have trouble jumping into unfamiliar applications. What's the most effective way to approach learning a new program's structure and/or architecture so that I can start attacking the code effectively? Are there useful tools for their respective languages (Python and Java are my two primary languages)? Should I be starting with just looking at function names or documentation? How do you veterans approach this problem? I find this has to be with minimal help from coworkers or contributors who are already familiar with the application and have better things to do than help me. I'd love to practice this skill in an open source project so any suggestions for starting points (maybe mildly complex) would be great too!

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  • How to populate a generic list of objects in C# from SQL database

    - by developr
    I am just learning ASP.NET c# and trying to incorporate best practices into my applications. Everything that I read says to layer my applications into DAL, BLL, UI, etc based on separation of concerns. Instead of passing datatables around, I am thinking about using custom objects so that I am loosely coupled to my data layer and can take advantage of intellisense in VS. I assume these objects would be considered DTOs? First, where do these objects reside in my layers? BLL, DAL, other? Second, when populating from SQL, should I loop through a data reader to populate the list or first fill a data table, then loop through the table to populate the list? I know you should close the database connection as soon as possible, but it seems like even more overhead to populate the data table and then loop through that for the list. Third, everything I see these days says use Linq2SQL. I am planning to learn Linq2SQL, but at this time I am working with a legacy database that doesn't have foreign keys setup and I do not have the ability to fix it atm. Also, I want to learn more about c# before I start getting into ORM solutions like nHibernate. At the same time I don't want to type out all the connection and SQL plumbing for every query. Is it ok to use the Enterprise DAAB for now?

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  • SQL Server Management Studio – tips for improving the TSQL coding process

    - by kristof
    I used to work in a place where a common practice was to use Pair Programming. I remember how many small things we could learn from each other when working together on the code. Picking up new shortcuts, code snippets etc. with time significantly improved our efficiency of writing code. Since I started working with SQL Server I have been left on my own. The best habits I would normally pick from working together with other people which I cannot do now. So here is the question: What are you tips on efficiently writing TSQL code using SQL Server Management Studio? Please keep the tips to 2 – 3 things/shortcuts that you think improve you speed of coding Please stay within the scope of TSQL and SQL Server Management Studio 2005/2008 If the feature is specific to the version of Management Studio please indicate: e.g. “Works with SQL Server 2008 only" Thanks EDIT: I am afraid that I could have been misunderstood by some of you. I am not looking for tips for writing efficient TSQL code but rather for advice on how to efficiently use Management Studio to speed up the coding process itself. The type of answers that I am looking for are: use of templates, keyboard-shortcuts, use of IntelliSense plugins etc. Basically those little things that make the coding experience a bit more efficient and pleasant. Thanks again

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  • Revisiting .NET, but what should I focus on?

    - by Wayne M
    After about a two-year hiatus, I'm brushing up on my .NET skills to find a .NET job (my previous two positions have very little development, or development using legacy technologies, so apart from a few very minor apps I have not touched .NET in close to two years). I'm aware of things like ASP.NET MVC, and I have previously read on things like NHibernate and DI/IOC, albeit I have yet to use them apart from very trivial "Hello World" type applications. I have a subscription to Rob Conery's Tekpub website and occasionally watch these videos when I have free time. My concern is this: I don't live in a very technical area. I would be surprised if any but the most tech-savvy companies have heard of, let alone use, ASP.NET MVC, NHibernate (or even LINQ/EF), or know about IoC. I would be willing to bet a large sum of money that 95% of the possible jobs I could obtain will use the following: Visual Source Safe, if any VCS at all ASP.NET 2.0 Webforms (3.5 if lucky) Raw ADO.NET on top of a very thin implementation of the Gateway pattern Stored Procedures in the database for most CRUD operations Gratuitous use of code-behind, with a Service layer if I'm lucky If I were extremely lucky, I might find a shop that has heard of ORMs and either uses one, or has wrote their own data abstraction. Also if I were lucky, the company would be using Model-View-Presenter. In light of this I'm not sure what I should focus on learning. Personally, I would prefer to be using the latest stuff - ASP.NET MVC, NHibernate, jQuery, WCF etc. Reality says I should go back to the basics, since it looks like most potential opportunities aren't going to be anywhere near the cutting edge, or anywhere close to it. And, as much as I would like to find a position and start to show the other developers the benefits, in my past experience this has usually resulted in my being fired for "not being a team player" and doing things the bad old way. So, I am curious how you would approach a situation like this? What should I focus on, in order to A) Reaquaint myself with .NET, and B) Prepare myself to obtain a .NET job again that is more than likely going to use techniques that I and most other knowledgeable developers will scoff at?

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  • Logic inside an enum

    - by Vivin Paliath
    My colleagues and I were having a discussion regarding logic in enums. My personal preference is to not have any sort of logic in Java enums (although Java provides the ability to do that). The discussion in this cased centered around having a convenience method inside the enum that returned a map: public enum PackageTypes { Letter("01", "Letter"), .. .. Tube("02", "Packaging Tube"); private String packageCode; private String packageDescription; .. .. public static Map<String, String> toMap() { Map<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>(); for(PackageType packageType : PackageType.values()) { map.put(packageType.getPackageCode(), packageType.getPackageDescription()); } return map; } } My personal preference is to pull this out into a service. The argument for having the method inside the enum centered around convenience. The idea was that you don't have to go to a service to get it, but can query the enum directly. My argument centered around separation of concern and abstracting any kind of logic out to a service. I didn't think "convenience" was a strong argument to put this method inside an enum. From a best-practices perspective, which one is better? Or does it simply come down to a matter of personal preference and code style?

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  • Help improving a simple assembly function

    - by MPelletier
    I just handed in this function in an assignment. It is done (hence no homework tag). But I would like to see how this can be improved. Essentially, the function sums the squares of all the integers between 1 and the given number, using the following formula: n(n+1)(2n+1)/6 Where n is the maximum number. The function below is made to catch any overflow and return 0 should any occur. UInt32 sumSquares(const UInt32 number) { int result = 0; __asm { mov eax, number //move number in eax mov edx, 2 //move 2 in edx mul edx //multiply (2n) jo end //jump to end if overflow add eax, 1 //addition (2n+1) jo end //jump to end if overflow mov ecx, eax //move (2n+1) in ecx mov ebx, number //move number in ebx add ebx, 1 //addition (n+1) jo end //jump to end if overflow mov eax, number //move number in eax for multiplication mul ebx //multiply n(n+1) jo end //jump to end if overflow mul ecx //multiply n(n+1)(2n+1) jo end //jump to end if overflow mov ebx, 6 //move 6 in ebx div ebx //divide by 6, the result will be in eax mov result, eax //move eax in result end: } return result; } Basically, I want to know what I can improve in there. In terms of best-practices mostly. One thing sounds obvious: smarter overflow check (with a single check for whatever maximum input would cause an overflow).

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  • Large Django application layout

    - by Rob Golding
    I am in a team developing a web-based university portal, which will be based on Django. We are still in the exploratory stages, and I am trying to find the best way to lay the project/development environment out. My initial idea is to develop the system as a Django "app", which contains sub-applications to separate out the different parts of the system. The reason I intended to make these "sub" applications is that they would not have any use outside the parent application whatsoever, so there would be little point in distributing them separately. We envisage that the portal will be installed in multiple locations (at different universities, for example) so the main app can be dropped into a number of Django projects to install it. We therefore have a different repository for each location's project, which is really just a settings.py file defining the installed portal applications, and a urls.py routing the urls to it. I have started to write some initial code, though, and I've come up against a problem. Some of the code that handles user authentication and profiles seems to be without a home. It doesn't conceptually belong in the portal application as it doesn't relate to the portal's functionality. It also, however, can't go in the project repository - as I would then be duplicating the code over each location's repository. If I then discovered a bug in this code, for example, I would have to manually replicate the fix over all of the location's project files. My idea for a fix is to make all the project repos a fork of a "master" location project, so that I can pull any changes from that master. I think this is messy though, and it means that I have one more repository to look after. I'm looking for a better way to achieve this project. Can anyone recommend a solution or a similar example I can take a look at? The problem seems to be that I am developing a Django project rather than just a Django application.

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  • Metaprogramming - self explanatory code - tutorials, articles, books

    - by elena
    Hello everybody, I am looking into improving my programming skils (actually I try to do my best to suck less each year, as our Jeff Atwood put it), so I was thinking into reading stuff about metaprogramming and self explanatory code. I am looking for something like an idiot's guide to this (free books for download, online resources). Also I want more than your average wiki page and also something language agnostic or preferably with Java examples. Do you know of such resources that will allow to efficiently put all of it into practice (I know experience has a lot to say in all of this but i kind of want to build experience avoiding the flow bad decisions - experience - good decisions)? EDIT: Something of the likes of this example from the Pragmatic Programmer: ...implement a mini-language to control a simple drawing package... The language consists of single-letter commands. Some commands are followed by a single number. For example, the following input would draw a rectangle: P 2 # select pen 2 D # pen down W 2 # draw west 2cm N 1 # then north 1 E 2 # then east 2 S 1 # then back south U # pen up Thank you!

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  • Cast then check or check then cast?

    - by jamesrom
    Which method is regarded as best practice? Cast first? public string Describe(ICola cola) { var coke = cola as CocaCola; if (coke != null) { string result; // some unique coca-cola only code here. return result; } var pepsi = cola as Pepsi; if (pepsi != null) { string result; // some unique pepsi only code here. return result; } } Or should I check first, cast later? public string Describe(ICola cola) { if (cola is CocaCola) { coke = (CocaCola) cola; string result; // some unique coca-cola only code here. return result; } if (cola is Pepsi) { pepsi = (Pepsi) cola; string result; // some unique pepsi only code here. return result; } } Can you see any other way to do this?

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  • When to use custom exceptions vs. existing exceptions vs. generic exceptions

    - by Ryan Elkins
    I'm trying to figure out what the correct form of exceptions to throw would be for a library I am writing. One example of what I need to handle is logging a user in to a station. They do this by scanning a badge. Possible things that could go wrong include: Their badge is deactivated They don't have permission to work at this station The badge scanned does not exist in the system They are already logged in to another station elsewhere The database is down Internal DB error (happens sometimes if the badge didn't get set up correctly) An application using this library will have to handle these exceptions one way or another. It's possible they may decide to just say "Error" or they may want to give the user more useful information. What's the best practice in this situation? Create a custom exception for each possibility? Use existing exceptions? Use Exception and pass in the reason (throw new Exception("Badge is deactivated.");)? I'm thinking it's some sort of mix of the first two, using existing exceptions where applicable, and creating new ones where needed (and grouping exceptions where it makes sense).

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  • Deploying software on compromised machines

    - by Martin
    I've been involved in a discussion about how to build internet voting software for a general election. We've reached a general consensus that there exist plenty of secure methods for two way authentication and communication. However, someone came along and pointed out that in a general election some of the machines being used are almost certainly going to be compromised. To quote: Let me be an evil electoral fraudster. I want to sample peoples votes as they vote and hope I get something scandalous. I hire a bot-net from some really shady dudes who control 1000 compromised machines in the UK just for election day. I capture the voting habits of 1000 voters on election day. I notice 5 of them have voted BNP. I look these users up and check out their machines, I look through their documents on their machine and find out their names and addresses. I find out one of them is the wife of a tory MP. I leak 'wife of tory mp is a fascist!' to some blogger I know. It hits the internet and goes viral, swings an election. That's a serious problem! So, what are the best techniques for running software where user interactions with the software must be kept secret, on a machine which is possibly compromised?

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  • Give WPF design mode default objects

    - by Janko R
    In my application I have <Rectangle.Margin> <MultiBinding Converter="{StaticResource XYPosToThicknessConverter}"> <Binding Path="XPos"/> <Binding Path="YPos"/> </MultiBinding> </Rectangle.Margin> The Data Context is set during runtime. The application works, but the design window in VS does not show a preview but System.InvalidCastException. That’s why I added a default object in the XYPosToThicknessConverter which is ugly. class XYPosToThicknessConverter : IMultiValueConverter { public object Convert(object[] values, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture) { // stupid check to give the design window its default object. if (!(values[0] is IConvertible)) return new System.Windows.Thickness(3, 3, 0, 0); // useful code and exception throwing starts here // ... } } My Questions: What does VS/the process that builds the design window pass to XYPosToThicknessConverter and what is way to find it out by myself. How do I change my XAML code, so that the design window gets its default object and is this the best way to handle this problem? I’m using VS2010RC with Net4.0

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  • Using ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem in ASP.NET in a high traffic scenario

    - by Michael Hart
    I've always been under the impression that using the ThreadPool for (let's say non-critical) short-lived background tasks was considered best practice, even in ASP.NET, but then I came across this article that seems to suggest otherwise - the argument being that you should leave the ThreadPool to deal with ASP.NET related requests. So here's how I've been doing small asynchronous tasks so far: ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(s => PostLog(logEvent)) And the article is suggesting instead to create a thread explicitly, similar to: new Thread(() => PostLog(logEvent)){ IsBackground = true }.Start() The first method has the advantage of being managed and bounded, but there's the potential (if the article is correct) that the background tasks are then vying for threads with ASP.NET request-handlers. The second method frees up the ThreadPool, but at the cost of being unbounded and thus potentially using up too many resources. So my question is, is the advice in the article correct? If your site was getting so much traffic that your ThreadPool was getting full, then is it better to go out-of-band, or would a full ThreadPool imply that you're getting to the limit of your resources anyway, in which case you shouldn't be trying to start your own threads? Clarification: I'm just asking in the scope of small non-critical asynchronous tasks (eg, remote logging), not expensive work items that would require a separate process (in these cases I agree you'll need a more robust solution).

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  • Proper way to implement IXmlSerializable?

    - by Greg
    Once a programmer decides to implement IXmlSerializable, what are the rules and best practices for implementing it? I've heard that GetSchema() should return null and ReadXml should move to the next element before returning. Are these true? And what about WriteXml: should it write a root element for the object or is it assumed that the root is already written? How should child objects be treated and written. Here's a sample of what I have now. I'll update it as I get good responses. public class Calendar: IEnumerable<Gvent>, IXmlSerializable { public XmlSchema GetSchema() { return null; } public void ReadXml(XmlReader reader) { if (reader.MoveToContent() == XmlNodeType.Element && reader.LocalName == "Calendar") { _Name = reader["Name"]; _Enabled = Boolean.Parse(reader["Enabled"]); _Color = Color.FromArgb(Int32.Parse(reader["Color"])); if (reader.ReadToDescendant("Event")) { while (reader.MoveToContent() == XmlNodeType.Element && reader.LocalName == "Event") { var evt = new Event(); evt.ReadXml(reader); _Events.Add(evt); } } reader.Read(); } } public void WriteXml(XmlWriter writer) { writer.WriteAttributeString("Name", _Name); writer.WriteAttributeString("Enabled", _Enabled.ToString()); writer.WriteAttributeString("Color", _Color.ToArgb().ToString()); foreach (var evt in _Events) { writer.WriteStartElement("Event"); evt.WriteXml(writer); writer.WriteEndElement(); } } } public class Event : IXmlSerializable { public XmlSchema GetSchema() { return null; } public void ReadXml(XmlReader reader) { if (reader.MoveToContent() == XmlNodeType.Element && reader.LocalName == "Event") { _Title = reader["Title"]; _Start = DateTime.FromBinary(Int64.Parse(reader["Start"])); _Stop = DateTime.FromBinary(Int64.Parse(reader["Stop"])); reader.Read(); } } public void WriteXml(XmlWriter writer) { writer.WriteAttributeString("Title", _Title); writer.WriteAttributeString("Start", _Start.ToBinary().ToString()); writer.WriteAttributeString("Stop", _Stop.ToBinary().ToString()); } }

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  • Databinding in WinForms performing async data import

    - by burnside
    I have a scenario where I have a collection of objects bound to a datagrid in winforms. If a user drags and drops an item on to the grid, I need to add a placeholder row into the grid and kick off a lengthy async import process. I need to communicate the status of the async import process back to the UI, updating the row in the grid and have the UI remain responsive to allow the user to edit the other rows. What's the best practice for doing this? My current solution is: binding a thread safe implementation of BindingList to the grid, filled with the objects that are displayed as rows in the grid. When a user drags and drops an item on to the grid, I create a new object containing the sparse info obtained from the dropped item and add that to the BindingList, disabling the editing of that row. I then fire off a separate thread to do the import, passing it the newly bound object I have just created to fill with data. The import process, periodically sets the status of the object and fires an event which is subscribed to by the UI telling it to refresh the grid to see the new properties on the object. Should I be passing the same object that is bound to the grid to the import process thread to operate on, or should I be creating a copy and merging back the changes to the object on the UI thread using BeginInvoke? Any problems or advice with this implementation? Thanks

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  • Nested dereferencing arrows in Perl: to omit or not to omit?

    - by DVK
    In Perl, when you have a nested data structure, it is permissible to omit de-referencing arrows to 2d and more level of nesting. In other words, the following two syntaxes are identical: my $hash_ref = { 1 => [ 11, 12, 13 ], 3 => [31, 32] }; my $elem1 = $hash_ref->{1}->[1]; my $elem2 = $hash_ref->{1}[1]; # exactly the same as above Now, my question is, is there a good reason to choose one style over the other? It seems to be a popular bone of stylistic contention (Just on SO, I accidentally bumped into this and this in the space of 5 minutes). So far, none of the usual suspects says anything definitive: perldoc merely says "you are free to omit the pointer dereferencing arrow". Conway's "Perl Best Practices" says "whenever possible, dereference with arrows", but it appears to only apply to the context of dereferencing the main reference, not optional arrows on 2d level of nested data structures. "MAstering Perl for Bioinfirmatics" author James Tisdall doesn't give very solid preference either: "The sharp-witted reader may have noticed that we seem to be omitting arrow operators between array subscripts. (After all, these are anonymous arrays of anonymous arrays of anonymous arrays, etc., so shouldn't they be written [$array-[$i]-[$j]-[$k]?) Perl allows this; only the arrow operator between the variable name and the first array subscript is required. It make things easier on the eyes and helps avoid carpal tunnel syndrome. On the other hand, you may prefer to keep the dereferencing arrows in place, to make it clear you are dealing with references. Your choice." Personally, i'm on the side of "always put arrows in, since itg's more readable and obvious tiy're dealing with a reference".

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  • Accommodating hierarchical data in SQL Server 2005 database design

    - by Remnant
    Context I am fairly new to database design (=know the basics) and am grappling with how best to design my database for a project I am currently working on. In short, my database will keep a log of which employees have attended certain health and safety courses throughout the year. There are multiple types of course e.g. moving objects, fire safety, hygiene etc. In terms of my database design I need to accommodate the following: Each location can have multiple divisions Each division can have multiple departments Each department can have multiple functions Each function can have multiple job roles Each job role can have different course requirements Also note that the structure at each location may not be the same e.g. the departments within divisions are not the same across locations and the functions within departments may also differ. Edit - updated to better articulate problem Let's assume I am just looking at Location, Division and Department and I have my database as follows: LocationTable DivisionTable DepartmentTable LocationID(PK) DivisionID(PK) DepartmentID(PK) LocationName DivisionName DepartmentName There is a many-to-many relationship between Locations and Divisions and also between Departments and Divisions. Suppose I set up a 'Junction Table' as follows: Location_Division LocationID(FK) DivisionID(FK) Using Location_Division I could easily pull back the Divisions for any Location. However, suppose I want to pull back all departments for a given Division in a given Location. If I set up another 'Junction Table' for Division and Department then I can't see how I would differentiate Division by Location? Division_Department DivisionID(FK) DepartmentID(FK) Location_Division Division_Department LocationID DivisionID DivisionID DepartmentID 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 Do I need to expand the number of columns in my 'Junction Table' e.g. Location_Division_Department LocationID(FK) DivisionID(FK) DepartmentID(FK) Location_Division_Department LocationID DivisionID DepartmentID 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 3

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  • Why doesn't every class in the .Net framework have a corresponding interface?

    - by Thorsten Lorenz
    Since I started to develop in a test/behavior driven style, I appreciated the ability to mock out every dependency. Since mocking frameworks like Moq work best when told to mock an interface, I now implement an interface for almost every class I create b/c most likely I will have to mock it out in a test eventually. Well, and programming to an interface is good practice, anyways. At times, my classes take dependencies on .Net classes (e.g. FileSystemWatcher, DispatcherTimer). It would be great in that case to have an interface, so I could depend on an IDispatcherTimer instead, to be able to pass it a mock and simulate its behavior to see if my system under test reacts correctly. Unfortunately both of above mentioned classes do not implement such interfaces, so I have to resort to creating adapters, that do nothing else but inherit from the original class and conform to an interface, that I then can use. Here is such an adapter for the DispatcherTimer and the corresponding interface: using System; using System.Windows.Threading; public interface IDispatcherTimer { #region Events event EventHandler Tick; #endregion #region Properties Dispatcher Dispatcher { get; } TimeSpan Interval { get; set; } bool IsEnabled { get; set; } object Tag { get; set; } #endregion #region Public Methods void Start(); void Stop(); #endregion } /// <summary> /// Adapts the DispatcherTimer class to implement the <see cref="IDispatcherTimer"/> interface. /// </summary> public class DispatcherTimerAdapter : DispatcherTimer, IDispatcherTimer { } Although this is not the end of the world, I wonder, why the .Net developers didn't take the minute to make their classes implement these interfaces from the get go. It puzzles me especially since now there is a big push for good practices from inside Microsoft. Does anyone have any (maybe inside) information why this contradiction exists?

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  • SQL Server 2005 database design - many-to-many relationships with hierarchy

    - by Remnant
    Note I have completely re-written my original post to better explain the issue I am trying to understand. I have tried to generalise the problem as much as possible. Also, my thanks to the original people who responded. Hopefully this post makes things a little clearer. Context In short, I am struggling to understand the best way to design a small scale database to handle (what I perceive to be) multiple many-to-many relationships. Imagine the following scenario for a company organisational structure: Textile Division Marketing Division | | ---------------------- ---------------------- | | | | HR Dept Finance Dept HR Dept Finance Dept | | | | ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- | | | | | | | | Payroll Hiring Audit Tax Payroll Hiring Audit Accounts | | | | | | | | Emps Emps Emps Emps Emps Emps Emps Emps NB: Emps denotes a list of employess that work in that area When I first started with this issue I made four separate tables: Divisions - Textile, Marketing (PK = DivisionID) Departments - HR, Finance (PK = DeptID) Functions - Payroll, Hiring, Audit, Tax, Accounts (PK = FunctionID) Employees - List of all Employees (PK = EmployeeID) The problem as I see it is that there are multiple many-to-many relationships i.e. many departments have many divisions and many functions have many departments. Question Giving the database structure above, suppose I wanted to do the following: Get all employees who work in the Payroll function of the Marketing Division To do this I need to be able to differentiate between the two Payroll departments but I am not sure how this can be done? I understand that I could build a 'Link / Junction' table between Departments and Functions so that I can retrieve which Functions are in which Departments. However, I would still need to differentiate the Division they belong to. Research Effort As you can see I am an abecedarian when it comes to database deisgn. I have spent the last two days resaerching this issue, traversing nested set models, adjacency models, reading that this issue is known not to be NP complete etc. I am sure there is a simple solution?

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