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  • How to create a complete binary tree of height 'h' using Python?

    - by Jack
    Here is the node structure class Node: def __init__(self, data): # initializes the data members self.left = None self.right = None self.parent = None self.data = data complete binary tree Definition: A binary tree in which every level, except possibly the deepest, is completely filled. At depth n, the height of the tree, all nodes must be as far left as possible. -- http://www.itl.nist.gov/div897/sqg/dads/HTML/completeBinaryTree.html I am looking for an efficient algorithm.

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  • Dynamically defined setter methods using define_method?

    - by nicosuria
    I use a lot of iterations to define convenience methods in my models, stuff like: PET_NAMES.each do |pn| define_method(pn) do ... ... end but I've never been able to dynamically define setter methods, ie: def pet_name=(name) ... end using define_method like so: define_method("pet_name=(name)") do ... end Any ideas? Thanks in advance.

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  • Is there a functional way to do this?

    - by Ishpeck
    def flattenList(toFlatten): final=[] for el in toFlatten: if isinstance(el, list): final.extend(flattenList(el)) else: final.append(el) return final When I don't know how deeply the lists will nest, this is the only way I can think to do this. 2

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  • Python begineer confused by a piece of code

    - by Protean
    I understand the gist of the code, that it forms permutations; however, I was wondering if someone could explain exactly what is going on in the return statement. def perm(l): sz = len(l) print (l) if sz <= 1: print ('sz <= 1') return [l] return [p[:i]+[l[0]]+p[i:] for i in range(sz) for p in perm(l[1:])]

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  • Implement python replace() function without using regexp

    - by jwesonga
    I'm trying to rewrite the equivalent of the python replace() function without using regexp. Using this code, i've managed to get it to work with single chars, but not with more than one character: def Replacer(self, find_char, replace_char): s = [] for char in self.base_string: if char == find_char: char = replace_char #print char s.append(char) s = ''.join(s) my_string.Replacer('a','E') Anybody have any pointers how to make this work with more than one character? example: my_string.Replacer('kl', 'lll')

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  • How to "uninstantiate" an object?

    - by Mark
    I wrote a function in Python: def instantiate(c): if inspect.isclass(c): return c() elif isinstance(c, object): return c else: raise Exception, '%s is not an object or class.' % c Now I want to do the opposite: get the class from an already instantiated object so that I can re-instantiate it with different parameters. How can I do that?

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  • How does Python differentiate between the different data types?

    - by wrongusername
    Sorry if this is quite noobish to you, but I'm just starting out to learn Python after learning C++ & Java, and I am wondering how in the world I could just declare variables like id = 0 and name = 'John' without any int's or string's in front! I figured out that perhaps it's because there are no ''s in a number, but how would Python figure that out in something like def increase(first, second) instead of something like int increase(int first, int second) in C++?!

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  • Scala: Can't catch exception thrown inside a closure

    - by Dmitriy
    Disclaimer: absolute novice in Scala :( I have the following defined: def tryAndReport(body: Unit) : Unit = { try { body } catch { case e: MySpecificException => doSomethingUseful } } I call it like this: tryAndReport{ someCodeThatThrowsMySpecificException() } While the call to someCodeThatThrowsMySpecificException happens just fine, the exception is not being caught in tryAndReport. Why? Thank you!

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  • Interaction between C++ and Rails applications

    - by FancyDancy
    I have two applications: c++ service and a RoR web server (they are both running at same VPS) I need to "send" some variables (and then do something with them) from each other. For exaple, i'm looking for something like this: // my C++ sample void SendMessage(string message) { SendTo("127.0.0.1", message); } void GetMessage(string message) { if (message == "stop") SendMessage("success"); } # Ruby sample # application_controller.rb def stop @m = Messager.new @m.send("stop") end I have never used it before, and i even don't know which technology should i search and learn.

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  • Make dictionary from list with python

    - by prosseek
    I need to transform a list into dictionary as follows. The odd elements has the key, and even number elements has the value. x = (1,'a',2,'b',3,'c') - {1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c'} def set(self, val_): i = 0 for val in val_: if i == 0: i = 1 key = val else: i = 0 self.dict[key] = val My solution seems to long, is there a better way to get the same results?

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  • python return class

    - by William P
    Hi I new to python and I read from someone else of the example code below: class A: def current(self): data = Data(a=a,b=b,c=c) return data class B(A): #something here #print data a b c How do I print out the data a, b, and c?

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  • any rss feed lib for gae..

    - by zjm1126
    i want enable rss for gae on my site . and did you know the simple way to do this ? thanks this is a example i searched: class FeedHandler(BaseRequestHandler): def get(self,tags=None): blogs = Weblog.all().filter('entrytype =','post').order('-date').fetch(10) last_updated = datetime.datetime.now() if blogs and blogs[0]: last_updated = blogs[0].date last_updated = last_updated.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ") for blog in blogs: blog.formatted_date = blog.date.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ") self.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/atom+xml' self.generate('atom.xml',{'blogs':blogs,'last_updated':last_updated}) any more simple ?

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  • How to express "where value is in dynamic list" in HQL/GORM?

    - by xcut
    For a grails application, I need to find a list of objects whose "attr" is one in a dynamic list of strings. The actual HQL query is more complex, but the bit I need help with is this: def result = MyObject.executeQuery("select o from MyObject as o where o.attr in :list", [list: aListOfStrings]) This is obviously not the right syntax, Grails throws it back at me as an "unexpected token", being the :list parameter. Is this possible in HQL? I don't particularly want to use Criteria in this part of the codebase.

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  • IS classOf[] in scala 2.8 different from 2.7?

    - by redtank
    I have an interface from java public class IJava { ... public java.lang.Class getType(); ... } It is inherited in Scala class CScala { def getType() = classOf[Foo] } it worked in scala 2.7.7. But in 2.8.0.RC1, i get type mismatch; found : java.lang.ClassFoo required: java.lang.Class How do i get java.langClass in Scala 2.8

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  • Printing with fixed spaces

    - by eriks
    I want to print two strings (say "ABC" and "DEF") with 5 space characters before "ABC" and that the second string will start 7 characters after the beginning of the first string.

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  • Error using paho-mqtt in App Engine Python App

    - by calumb
    I am trying to right a Google Cloud Platform app in python with Flask that makes an MQTT connection. I have included the paho python library by doing pip install paho-mqtt -t libs/. However, when I try to run the app, even if I don't try to connect to MQTT. I get a weird error about IP address checking: RuntimeError: error('illegal IP address string passed to inet_pton',) It seems something in the remote_socket lib is causing a problem. Is this a security issue? Is there someway to disable it? Relevant code: from flask import Flask import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt import logging as logger app = Flask(__name__) # Note: We don't need to call run() since our application is embedded within # the App Engine WSGI application server. #callback to print out connection status def on_connect(mosq, obj, rc): logger.info('on_connect') if rc == 0: logger.info("Connected") mqttc.subscribe('test', 0) else: logger.info(rc) def on_message(mqttc, obj, msg): logger.info(msg.topic+" "+str(msg.qos)+" "+str(msg.payload)) mqttc = mqtt.Client("mqttpy") mqttc.on_message = on_message mqttc.on_connect = on_connect As well as full stack trace: ERROR 2014-06-03 15:14:57,285 wsgi.py:262] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/runtime/wsgi.py", line 239, in Handle handler = _config_handle.add_wsgi_middleware(self._LoadHandler()) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/runtime/wsgi.py", line 298, in _LoadHandler handler, path, err = LoadObject(self._handler) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/runtime/wsgi.py", line 84, in LoadObject obj = __import__(path[0]) File "/Users/cbarnes/code/ignite/tank-demo/appengine-flask-demo/main.py", line 24, in <module> mqttc = mqtt.Client("mqtthtpp") File "/Users/cbarnes/code/ignite/tank-demo/appengine-flask-demo/lib/paho/mqtt/client.py", line 403, in __init__ self._sockpairR, self._sockpairW = _socketpair_compat() File "/Users/cbarnes/code/ignite/tank-demo/appengine-flask-demo/lib/paho/mqtt/client.py", line 255, in _socketpair_compat listensock.bind(("localhost", 0)) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/dist27/socket.py", line 222, in meth return getattr(self._sock,name)(*args) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/remote_socket/_remote_socket.py", line 668, in bind self._SetProtoFromAddr(request.mutable_proxy_external_ip(), address) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/remote_socket/_remote_socket.py", line 632, in _SetProtoFromAddr proto.set_packed_address(self._GetPackedAddr(address)) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/remote_socket/_remote_socket.py", line 627, in _GetPackedAddr AI_NUMERICSERV|AI_PASSIVE): File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/remote_socket/_remote_socket.py", line 338, in getaddrinfo canonical=(flags & AI_CANONNAME)) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/remote_socket/_remote_socket.py", line 211, in _Resolve canon, aliases, addresses = _ResolveName(name, families) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/remote_socket/_remote_socket.py", line 229, in _ResolveName apiproxy_stub_map.MakeSyncCall('remote_socket', 'Resolve', request, reply) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/apiproxy_stub_map.py", line 94, in MakeSyncCall return stubmap.MakeSyncCall(service, call, request, response) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/apiproxy_stub_map.py", line 328, in MakeSyncCall rpc.CheckSuccess() File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/apiproxy_rpc.py", line 156, in _WaitImpl self.request, self.response) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/remote_api/remote_api_stub.py", line 200, in MakeSyncCall self._MakeRealSyncCall(service, call, request, response) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/remote_api/remote_api_stub.py", line 234, in _MakeRealSyncCall raise pickle.loads(response_pb.exception()) RuntimeError: error('illegal IP address string passed to inet_pton',) INFO 2014-06-03 15:14:57,291 module.py:639] default: "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 - Thanks!

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  • Python/Biomolecular Physics- Trying to code a simple stochastic simulation of a system exhibiting co

    - by user359597
    *edited 6/17/10 I'm trying to understand how to improve my code (make it more pythonic). Also, I'm interested in writing more intuitive 'conditionals' that would describe scenarios that are commonplace in biochemistry. The conditional criteria in the below program is explained in Answer #2, but I am not satisfied with it- it is correct, but isn't obvious and isn't easy to implement for more complicated conditional scenarios. Ideas welcome. Comments/criticisms welcome. First posting experience @ stackoverflow- please comment on etiquette if needed. The code generates a list of values that are the solution to the following exercise: "In a programming language of your choice, implement Gillespie’s First Reaction Algorithm to study the temporal behaviour of the reaction A---B in which the transition from A to B can only take place if another compound, C, is present, and where C dynamically interconverts with D, as modelled in the Petri-net below. Assume that there are 100 molecules of A, 1 of C, and no B or D present at the start of the reaction. Set kAB to 0.1 s-1 and both kCD and kDC to 1.0 s-1. Simulate the behaviour of the system over 100 s." def sim(): # Set the rate constants for all transitions kAB = 0.1 kCD = 1.0 kDC = 1.0 # Set up the initial state A = 100 B = 0 C = 1 D = 0 # Set the start and end times t = 0.0 tEnd = 100.0 print "Time\t", "Transition\t", "A\t", "B\t", "C\t", "D" # Compute the first interval transition, interval = transitionData(A, B, C, D, kAB, kCD, kDC) # Loop until the end time is exceded or no transition can fire any more while t <= tEnd and transition >= 0: print t, '\t', transition, '\t', A, '\t', B, '\t', C, '\t', D t += interval if transition == 0: A -= 1 B += 1 if transition == 1: C -= 1 D += 1 if transition == 2: C += 1 D -= 1 transition, interval = transitionData(A, B, C, D, kAB, kCD, kDC) def transitionData(A, B, C, D, kAB, kCD, kDC): """ Returns nTransition, the number of the firing transition (0: A->B, 1: C->D, 2: D->C), and interval, the interval between the time of the previous transition and that of the current one. """ RAB = kAB * A * C RCD = kCD * C RDC = kDC * D dt = [-1.0, -1.0, -1.0] if RAB > 0.0: dt[0] = -math.log(1.0 - random.random())/RAB if RCD > 0.0: dt[1] = -math.log(1.0 - random.random())/RCD if RDC > 0.0: dt[2] = -math.log(1.0 - random.random())/RDC interval = 1e36 transition = -1 for n in range(len(dt)): if dt[n] > 0.0 and dt[n] < interval: interval = dt[n] transition = n return transition, interval if __name__ == '__main__': sim()

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  • How do I forward a request to a different url in python

    - by tax
    import SimpleHTTPServer import SocketServer class myHandler(SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler): def do_GET(self): print self.path if self.path == '/analog': return "http://someserver.com/analog" return SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler.do_GET(self) theport = 1234 Handler = myHandler pywebserver = SocketServer.TCPServer(("", theport), Handler) print "Python based web server. Serving at port", theport pywebserver.serve_forever()

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  • How can I get rid of the resize-handle in a QDialog?

    - by Georg
    I've got the following class: class SelectDateDialog(QDialog): startDate = date.today() endDate = date.today() def __init__(self, text, isInterval = False): QDialog.__init__(self) uic.loadUi("resources/SelectDate.ui", self) Now, the dialog is resizable on Mac OS X 10.5, but it shouldn't be. It has the resize-handle in the lower right corner. I've already tried the setSizeGripEnabled function, it didn't change anything. How can I make it not resizable?

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  • Exception Handling in google app engine

    - by Rahul99
    i am raising exception using if UserId == '' and Password == '': raise Exception.MyException , "wrong userId or password" but i want print the error message on same page class MyException(Exception): def __init__(self,msg): Exception.__init__(self,msg)

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  • More elegant way to write this?

    - by tesmar
    Hi, I am trying to make a multi-dimensional array of characters in ruby, and this works, but is there a more elegant way? def initialize(text) @map = Array.new i = 0 text.split("\n").each do |x| @map[i] = x.scan(/./) i += 1 end #@map = text end#constructor

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