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  • On Solaris, how do you mount a second zfs system disk for diagnostics?

    - by Matt Ball
    (Cross posted from Stack Overflow 1) I've got two hard disks in my computer, and have installed Solaris 10u8 on the first and Opensolaris 2010.3 (dev onnv_134) on the second. Both systems uses ZFS and were independently created with a zpool name of 'rpool'. While running Solaris 10u8 on the first disk, how do I mount the second ZFS hard disk (at /dev/dsk/c1d1s0) on an arbitrary mount point (like /a) for diagnostics?

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  • How to write image of a floppy disk to a flash drive?

    - by Usman Ajmal
    I have created an image of a floppy disk by executing: dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/home/myFloppy.img My floppy disk is no more working now. So I am thinking now if it's possible to write the image of that floppy to a flash drive and then i may boot my machine from the flash drive. My machine's BIOS has the option of 'Boot from USB'.

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  • Has anyone managed to virtualise Windows 7 on a physical disk?

    - by Stavros
    I have Windows 7 installed on a partition and running fine, but I want to access them from my Ubuntu installation with VirtualBox. I have created the virtual disk file and everything, but Windows bluescreens after a bit of loading with error 0000007B (it can't find the disk or something). Has anyone managed to solve this problem?

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  • What is the best way to secure MySQL data on a laptop *without* whole-disk-encryption?

    - by GJ
    I need to have the mysql data on my laptop stored in an encrypted state so that in case of the laptop being lost/stolen it will extremely difficult to recover the data without the password. I don't wish to use whole disk encryption, due to the performance impact it will have on other disk-intensive programs' usage. What could be the ideal solution for me balancing security and performance? Thanks!

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  • How to know which disk has failed on a Mirrored Raid? marked as DR0 [migrated]

    - by Saariko
    Our 2ndry DC, which is on a W2K8R2 Mirrored software raid has lost it's sync, and disk management displays the failed redundancy error How do I know which of the disks has failed? (beside to try and replace one - and see if it loads and syncs) On the device manager, under disks I see both disks, one of them has an icon of: Disable, while the other doesn't Event log displays an event id 7 - bad block on Hard disk DR0 The thing is that looking in device manager, both disks are located in '0' location, which is bizzare

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  • How to know which disk has failed on a Mirrored Raid? marked as DR0

    - by Saariko
    Our 2ndry DC, which is on a W2K8R2 Mirrored software raid has lost it's sync, and disk management displays the failed redundancy error How do I know which of the disks has failed? (beside to try and replace one - and see if it loads and syncs) On the device manager, under disks I see both disks, one of them has an icon of: Disable, while the other doesn't Event log displays an event id 7 - bad block on Hard disk DR0 The thing is that looking in device manager, both disks are located in '0' location, which is bizzare

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  • how to adjust the size of the root partition on live arch linux system (/dev/mapper/arch_root-image)

    - by leon
    Summary: I created a bootable usb drive with a live Bridge linux (ARCH based) on it. Everything works fine. The live system mounts a device called /dev/mapper/arch_root-image as its ext4 root partition (/ mount point). The problem is that I dont know how to control the size of this partition. This is not a Bridge specific issue (also happens with Archbang) Detail: My usb drive has a dos partition table with 2 ext2 partitions $ fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 29,8 GiB, 32006733824 bytes, 62513152 sectors Unités : secteur de 1 × 512 = 512 octets Taille de secteur (logique / physique) : 512 octets / 512 octets taille d'E/S (minimale / optimale) : 512 octets / 512 octets Type d'étiquette de disque : dos Identifiant de disque : 0x0007b7e2 Périphérique Amorçage Début Fin Blocs Id Système /dev/sdb1 * 2048 2002943 1000448 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 2002944 32258047 15127552 83 Linux sdb1 is approx 1GB and sdb2 is 14GB. The live system is on sdb1. sdb2 is empty. Now when I boot the live system, its filesystem looks like this: $ mount proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) sys on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) dev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=505272k,nr_inodes=126318,mode=755) run on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,mode=755) /dev/sda1 on /run/archiso/bootmnt type ext2 (ro,relatime) cowspace on /run/archiso/cowspace type tmpfs (rw,relatime,size=772468k,mode=755) /dev/loop0 on /run/archiso/sfs/root-image type squashfs (ro,relatime) /dev/mapper/arch_root-image on / type ext4 (rw,relatime) securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000) tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd) pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct,cpu) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio) mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime) debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime) hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime) configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime) systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=36,pgrp=1,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct) tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw) tmpfs on /etc/pacman.d/gnupg type tmpfs (rw,relatime,mode=755) As we can see, the root partition is from the device /dev/mapper/arch_root-image and my problem is that the live system recognizes it as a 3.9GB drive $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/arch_root-image 3.9G 1.9G 2.1G 48% / dev 494M 0 494M 0% /dev run 503M 23M 481M 5% /run /dev/sda1 962M 590M 324M 65% /run/archiso/bootmnt cowspace 755M 32M 723M 5% /run/archiso/cowspace /dev/loop0 520M 520M 0 100% /run/archiso/sfs/root-image tmpfs 503M 132K 503M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 503M 0 503M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 503M 360K 503M 1% /tmp tmpfs 503M 896K 503M 1% /etc/pacman.d/gnupg My question is how is this size controled? I suspect this is related to the content of the aitab file which is part of the Bridge iso image: $ cat aitab # <img> <mnt> <arch> <sfs_comp> <fs_type> <fs_size> root-image / i686 xz ext4 50% I have read https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/archiso#aitab but found no clue

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  • Bootable backup of a Mac without an HFS+ disk?

    - by marienbad
    How can I make a bootable backup of my Mac's internal hard drive to be restored using Disk Utility, without formatting my external destination drive as HFS+ (it's FAT32, of course)? Time Machine and SuperDuper both require that the volume where the backup is saved be HFS+ formatted. This looks helpful: http://developer.apple.com/macosx/backuponmacosx.html But it doesn't explain how to use FAT32 disk.

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  • No "Safely Remove Hardware" for USB-Connected External Hard Disk? (Windows XP)

    - by deathlock
    I have several external hard disks with different brands. Each time I connect those hard disk to my laptop (with USB), there is no option for Safely Remove Hardware / Eject. This problem only seem to occur with external hard disks, since the option is there if I connect with USB Flash Drives. Why is it happening and is there any way to enable it? What is the best method to remove an external hard disk?

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  • Is there a way to snapshot a running process to disk to restore it later?

    - by Sijin
    I usually work with a lot of instances of visual studio open to different projects, I was wondering if there is a way to snapshot/hibernate a running process to disk instead of closing it so that I can open it in the same state as it was quickly. I have a ton of free disk space so wouldn't mind saving the entire process snapshot if it would save me the time in opening up the solution and waiting for the projects to load.

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  • How do I understand the partition table? (I want to start over.)

    - by Sammy Black
    I have Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid installed through wubi on my laptop (it came with Windows 7 preinstalled). This was my first foray into Linux, and I'm here to stay. I have no use for Windows, and yet I must manually choose not to boot into it! Should I shrink the Windows partition to something negligible and grow the Linux one using something like gparted or fdisk, and just be content that everything runs? In that case, I need to understand the filesystems. Which is which? Here's the output of $ df -h: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/loop0 17G 11G 4.5G 71% / none 1.8G 300K 1.8G 1% /dev none 1.8G 376K 1.8G 1% /dev/shm none 1.8G 316K 1.8G 1% /var/run none 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /var/lock none 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/sda3 290G 50G 240G 18% /host I would prefer to start over with a clean install of 10.10 Maverick, but I fear what I may lose. Certainly, I will backup my home directory tree (gzip?), but what about various pieces of software that I've acquired from the repositories? Can I keep a record of them? By the way, I asked a similar question over on Ubuntu forums.

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  • Is there a command to "manually automount" an attached disk?

    - by cheshirekow
    I have an extra hard drive which I use for backups. The label on its one and only partition is "backup". When I open nautilus and click on "backup" it mounds the drive in "/media/backup", and then there's a little eject button next to it's icon in nautilus. If I manually mount the drive by creating a directory and using "sudo mount /dev/sdx /some/dir", the eject icon still shows up in nautilus, but when I press it I get an error because the device was not mounted via whatever it is that mounts it the other way. What I would like is to be able to do this "mount to /media/backup and enable the eject button" via the command line. The goal is to have the device mounted by a script which needs the drive, but then leave it mounted until I manually eject it... if I want to. P.S. I'm aware that I can have the drive auto mounted at startup, but that's not what I'm looking for here, and I'd like to know if this is possible. Clarification: I'm looking for a command to "mount the drive the way nautilus would". This should create the directory "/media/backup", mount the device to that directory, and then when I press the eject button from nautilus, it should unmount the device and delete the directory.

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  • After installing Ubuntu my computer boots into GRUB rescue mode after displaying 'no such partition' error message.

    - by VictorVictor5
    I wanted Ubuntu on my Gateway Solo Laptop. It had Win98 on the C:\ and WinXP on the D:\. Before the install, I could not boot from CD, but I could boot from floppy. I installed Ubuntu to run alongside Windows XP as that was one of the options. It didn't detect Win98, but I swear it's on there. Install seemed fine and then it asked me to reboot. When I rebooted, I got the message error: no such partition and the grub rescue> command prompt. I've looked around, but some commands, like sudo, don't work. One command I did get to work was set root=(hd0,0) if that helps. I'm a noob, and it was a pain installing Win98 and XP since this system is so old. I don't want to wipe my drive and start all over! Additional details copied from comments Addendum, I restored my master boot record via my Win98 boot floppy and typing in frisk /mbr. But, I'd still like to get ubuntu - any help? If I restored my master boot record - did I delete Ubuntu?

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  • mdadm: Win7-install created a boot partition on one of my RAID6 drives. How to rebuild?

    - by EXIT_FAILURE
    My problem happened when I attempted to install Windows 7 on it's own SSD. The Linux OS I used which has knowledge of the software RAID system is on a SSD that I disconnected prior to the install. This was so that windows (or I) wouldn't inadvertently mess it up. However, and in retrospect, foolishly, I left the RAID disks connected, thinking that windows wouldn't be so ridiculous as to mess with a HDD that it sees as just unallocated space. Boy was I wrong! After copying over the installation files to the SSD (as expected and desired), it also created an ntfs partition on one of the RAID disks. Both unexpected and totally undesired! . I changed out the SSDs again, and booted up in linux. mdadm didn't seem to have any problem assembling the array as before, but if I tried to mount the array, I got the error message: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so dmesg: EXT4-fs (md0): ext4_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 0 not in group (block 1318081259)! EXT4-fs (md0): group descriptors corrupted! I then used qparted to delete the newly created ntfs partition on /dev/sdd so that it matched the other three /dev/sd{b,c,e}, and requested a resync of my array with echo repair > /sys/block/md0/md/sync_action This took around 4 hours, and upon completion, dmesg reports: md: md0: requested-resync done. A bit brief after a 4-hour task, though I'm unsure as to where other log files exist (I also seem to have messed up my sendmail configuration). In any case: No change reported according to mdadm, everything checks out. mdadm -D /dev/md0 still reports: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Wed May 23 22:18:45 2012 Raid Level : raid6 Array Size : 3907026848 (3726.03 GiB 4000.80 GB) Used Dev Size : 1953513424 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon May 26 12:41:58 2014 State : clean Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 4K Name : okamilinkun:0 UUID : 0c97ebf3:098864d8:126f44e3:e4337102 Events : 423 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb 1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc 2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd 3 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde Trying to mount it still reports: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so and dmesg: EXT4-fs (md0): ext4_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 0 not in group (block 1318081259)! EXT4-fs (md0): group descriptors corrupted! I'm a bit unsure where to proceed from here, and trying stuff "to see if it works" is a bit too risky for me. This is what I suggest I should attempt to do: Tell mdadm that /dev/sdd (the one that windows wrote into) isn't reliable anymore, pretend it is newly re-introduced to the array, and reconstruct its content based on the other three drives. I also could be totally wrong in my assumptions, that the creation of the ntfs partition on /dev/sdd and subsequent deletion has changed something that cannot be fixed this way. My question: Help, what should I do? If I should do what I suggested , how do I do that? From reading documentation, etc, I would think maybe: mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --set-faulty /dev/sdd mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sdd mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --re-add /dev/sdd However, the documentation examples suggest /dev/sdd1, which seems strange to me, as there is no partition there as far as linux is concerned, just unallocated space. Maybe these commands won't work without. Maybe it makes sense to mirror the partition table of one of the other raid devices that weren't touched, before --re-add. Something like: sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdd Bonus question: Why would the Windows 7 installation do something so st...potentially dangerous? Update I went ahead and marked /dev/sdd as faulty, and removed it (not physically) from the array: # mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --set-faulty /dev/sdd # mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sdd However, attempting to --re-add was disallowed: # mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --re-add /dev/sdd mdadm: --re-add for /dev/sdd to /dev/md0 is not possible --add, was fine. # mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdd mdadm -D /dev/md0 now reports the state as clean, degraded, recovering, and /dev/sdd as spare rebuilding. /proc/mdstat shows the recovery progress: md0 : active raid6 sdd[4] sdc[1] sde[3] sdb[0] 3907026848 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 4k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UU_U] [>....................] recovery = 2.1% (42887780/1953513424) finish=348.7min speed=91297K/sec nmon also shows expected output: ¦sdb 0% 87.3 0.0| > |¦ ¦sdc 71% 109.1 0.0|RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR > |¦ ¦sdd 40% 0.0 87.3|WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW > |¦ ¦sde 0% 87.3 0.0|> || It looks good so far. Crossing my fingers for another five+ hours :) Update 2 The recovery of /dev/sdd finished, with dmesg output: [44972.599552] md: md0: recovery done. [44972.682811] RAID conf printout: [44972.682815] --- level:6 rd:4 wd:4 [44972.682817] disk 0, o:1, dev:sdb [44972.682819] disk 1, o:1, dev:sdc [44972.682820] disk 2, o:1, dev:sdd [44972.682821] disk 3, o:1, dev:sde Attempting mount /dev/md0 reports: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so And on dmesg: [44984.159908] EXT4-fs (md0): ext4_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 0 not in group (block 1318081259)! [44984.159912] EXT4-fs (md0): group descriptors corrupted! I'm not sure what do do now. Suggestions? Output of dumpe2fs /dev/md0: dumpe2fs 1.42.8 (20-Jun-2013) Filesystem volume name: Atlas Last mounted on: /mnt/atlas Filesystem UUID: e7bfb6a4-c907-4aa0-9b55-9528817bfd70 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: user_xattr acl Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 244195328 Block count: 976756712 Reserved block count: 48837835 Free blocks: 92000180 Free inodes: 243414877 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Reserved GDT blocks: 791 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 8192 Inode blocks per group: 512 RAID stripe width: 2 Flex block group size: 16 Filesystem created: Thu May 24 07:22:41 2012 Last mount time: Sun May 25 23:44:38 2014 Last write time: Sun May 25 23:46:42 2014 Mount count: 341 Maximum mount count: -1 Last checked: Thu May 24 07:22:41 2012 Check interval: 0 (<none>) Lifetime writes: 4357 GB Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 28 Desired extra isize: 28 Journal inode: 8 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: e177a374-0b90-4eaa-b78f-d734aae13051 Journal backup: inode blocks dumpe2fs: Corrupt extent header while reading journal super block

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  • Partitioning recommendations for a Proxmox VM Server (OpenVZ)

    - by luison
    We are new to virtualization and we are planning to turn our online server into a virualized one, mainly for maintenance, backup and recovery improvements. Initially we would only have one real virtual system with load plus 1-3 copys for testing and recovering and maybe a small centralized syslog virtual machine. We would like, if possible the host machine to include an iptables plus rsync to back up to other machines and some other global security systems. Due to this and the offerings of our hosting supplier we are mainly considering Proxmox for its simplicity (we like the idea of its web admin panel) and as I also understand that the container approach of OpenVMZ systems may fit well resource wise with our setup. The base system comes with debian so we can personalise it to our requirements. Proxmox installations default installs an LVM partition for the VMs. Our doubts are with the fact of what would be the best partition structure for this considering that: we would like to have a mirror of the root partition we could boot from if required (our provider supports booting the system from another partition via control panel) we ideally would like to have a partition that could be shared among the VM systems. We still don't know if this is possible directly with OpenVMZ containers, otherwise we are considering doing this by sharing it via NFS on the host machine. we want to use the backup system available on the proxmox host administrator to programme VMs backups and then rsync it to another machine. With this based on a Linux Raid of aprox (750Gb) we are considering something like: ext3_1/ - (20Gb) ext3_2/bak_root - (20Gb) mostly unmounted, root partition sync LVM_1 /var/lib/vz - (390Gb) partition for virtual images LVM_2 /shared_data - (30Gb) LVM_3 /backups - (300Gb) where all backups would be allocated Our initial tests with Proxmox seem to have issues with snapshots backups like this, perhaps caused by the fact that they can not be done to another LVM partition (error: command 'lvcreate --size 1024M --snapshot --name vzsnap-ns204084.XXX.net-0 /dev/pve/LV' failed with exit code 5) in which case we might have to use a standart ext3 partition (but unsure if we can do this with the 4 primary partition limitations). Does this makes more or less sense? Would it be mad to for example write VMs /var/logs to a NFS mounted partition (on the host system)? Are their any other easier ways to mount host system partitions (or folders) to the VMs?

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  • 11gR2 RAC ASM????

    - by Liu Maclean(???)
    11gR2 RAC?ocr?votedisk???????ASM??, ????10g??????2?RAC????????????,  ?? 11gR2 ?ASM?spfile??????ASM diskgroup???????ASM??????? ????????????,????? ASM?????mount diskgroup??????diskgroup????, ??ASM??????ASM spfile????????,?2???????? ????T.askmaclean.com?????ASM?????: hello maclean, ??spfile??ASMCMD> spget+CRSDG/rac/asmparameterfile/registry.253.787925627?????,ASM ?????ORACLE instance,?????????????diskgroup,????????????????????????????thanks.! ?????????: ?11.2??Oracle Cluterware??voting disk files?????????11.1?10.2????,11.2??voting disk file??????OCR?, ?????11.2??ocr?votedisk?????ASM? , ???11.2?voting disk file??GPNP profile??CSS voting file discovery string???? CSS voting disk file?discovery string???ASM,??????ASM discovery string???  ????????udev???????ASM???LUN, ??udev????????/dev/rasm-disk* , ????gpnptool get????gpnp profile: [grid@maclean1 trace]$ gpnptool get Warning: some command line parameters were defaulted. Resulting command line: /g01/grid/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/gpnptool.bin get -o- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><gpnp:GPnP-Profile Version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.grid-pnp.org/2005/11/gpnp-profile" xmlns:gpnp="http://www.grid-pnp.org/2005/11/gpnp-profile" xmlns:orcl="http://www.oracle.com/gpnp/2005/11/gpnp-profile" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.grid-pnp.org/2005/11/gpnp-profile gpnp-profile.xsd" ProfileSequence="9" ClusterUId="452185be9cd14ff4ffdc7688ec5439bf" ClusterName="maclean-cluster" PALocation=""><gpnp:Network-Profile><gpnp:HostNetwork id="gen" HostName="*"><gpnp:Network id="net1" IP="192.168.1.0" Adapter="eth0" Use="public"/><gpnp:Network id="net2" IP="172.168.1.0" Adapter="eth1" Use="cluster_interconnect"/></gpnp:HostNetwork></gpnp:Network-Profile>< orcl:CSS-Profile id="css" DiscoveryString="+asm" LeaseDuration="400"/><orcl:ASM-Profile id="asm" DiscoveryString="/dev/rasm*" SPFile="+SYSTEMDG/maclean-cluster/asmparameterfile/registry.253.788682933"/>< ds:Signature xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"><ds:SignedInfo><ds:CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/><ds:SignatureMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1"/><ds:Reference URI=""><ds:Transforms><ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#enveloped-signature"/><ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"> <InclusiveNamespaces xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#" PrefixList="gpnp orcl xsi"/></ds:Transform></ds:Transforms>< ds:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/><ds:DigestValue>L1SLg10AqGEauCQ4ne9quucITZA=</ds:DigestValue>< /ds:Reference></ds:SignedInfo><ds:SignatureValue>rTyZm9vfcQCMuian6isnAThUmsV4xPoK2fteMc1l0GIvRvHncMwLQzPM/QrXCGGTCEvgvXzUPEKzmdX2oy5vLcztN60UHr6AJtA2JYYodmrsFwEyVBQ1D6wH+HQiOe2SG9UzdQnNtWSbjD4jfZkeQWyMPfWdKm071Ek0Rfb4nxE=</ds:SignatureValue></ds:Signature></gpnp:GPnP-Profile> Success. ?????2???: <orcl:CSS-Profile id=”css” DiscoveryString=”+asm” LeaseDuration=”400?/>==»css voting disk??+ASM<orcl:ASM-Profile id=”asm” DiscoveryString=”/dev/rasm*” SPFile=”+SYSTEMDG/maclean-cluster/asmparameterfile/registry.253.788682933?/>==»??????ASM?DiscoveryString=”/dev/rasm*”,?ASM??????????????,SPFILE???ASM Parameter FILE?ALIAS ???????GPNP???ASM Parameter FILE?ALIAS,?????ASM???????SPFILE,???Diskgroup?Mount???????ASM ALIAS?????? ??????+SYSTEMDG/maclean-cluster/asmparameterfile/registry.253.788682933??SPFILE?ASM??????: [grid@maclean1 wallets]$ sqlplus / as sysasm SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Jul 17 05:45:35 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options SQL> set linesize 140 pagesize 1400 col "FILE NAME" format a40 set head on select NAME "FILE NAME", AU_KFFXP "AU NUMBER", NUMBER_KFFXP "FILE NUMBER", DISK_KFFXP "DISK NUMBER" from x$kffxp, v$asm_alias where GROUP_KFFXP = GROUP_NUMBER and NUMBER_KFFXP = FILE_NUMBER and name in ('REGISTRY.253.788682933') order by DISK_KFFXP,AU_KFFXP; FILE NAME AU NUMBER FILE NUMBER DISK NUMBER ---------------------------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- REGISTRY.253.788682933 39 253 1 REGISTRY.253.788682933 35 253 3 REGISTRY.253.788682933 35 253 4 SQL> col path for a50 SQL> select disk_number,path from v$asm_disk where disk_number in (1,3,4) and GROUP_NUMBER=3; DISK_NUMBER PATH ----------- -------------------------------------------------- 3 /dev/rasm-diske 4 /dev/rasm-diskf 1 /dev/rasm-diskc ?????ASM SPFILE??????(redundancy=high),????? /dev/rasm-diskc?AU=39?/dev/rasm-diske AU=35?/dev/rasm-diskf AU=35? ????kfed?????????ASM DISK?header: [grid@maclean1 wallets]$ kfed read /dev/rasm-diske|grep spfile kfdhdb.spfile: 35 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000023 [grid@maclean1 wallets]$ kfed read /dev/rasm-diskc|grep spfile kfdhdb.spfile: 39 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000027 [grid@maclean1 wallets]$ kfed read /dev/rasm-diskf|grep spfile kfdhdb.spfile: 35 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000023 ????ASM disk header?kfdhdb.spfile??ASM SPFILE???DISK??AU NUMBER????, ASM???????????GPNP PROFILE?? DiscoveryString?????????,????ASM disk header?????kfdhdb.spfile??????,?????MOUNT DISKGROUP??????ASM SPFILE,?????ASM, ?????????????????

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  • Why would Linux VM in vSphere ESXi 5.5 show dramatically increased disk i/o latency?

    - by mhucka
    I'm stumped and I hope someone else will recognize the symptoms of this problem. Hardware: new Dell T110 II, dual-core Pentium G860 2.9 GHz, onboard SATA controller, one new 500 GB 7200 RPM cabled hard drive inside the box, other drives inside but not mounted yet. No RAID. Software: fresh CentOS 6.5 virtual machine under VMware ESXi 5.5.0 (build 174 + vSphere Client). 2.5 GB RAM allocated. The disk is how CentOS offered to set it up, namely as a volume inside an LVM Volume Group, except that I skipped having a separate /home and simply have / and /boot. CentOS is patched up, ESXi patched up, latest VMware tools installed in the VM. No users on the system, no services running, no files on the disk but the OS installation. I'm interacting with the VM via the VM virtual console in vSphere Client. Before going further, I wanted to check that I configured things more or less reasonably. I ran the following command as root in a shell on the VM: for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10; do dd if=/dev/zero of=/test.img bs=8k count=256k conv=fdatasync done I.e., just repeat the dd command 10 times, which results in printing the transfer rate each time. The results are disturbing. It starts off well: 262144+0 records in 262144+0 records out 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 20.451 s, 105 MB/s 262144+0 records in 262144+0 records out 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 20.4202 s, 105 MB/s ... but after 7-8 of these, it then prints 262144+0 records in 262144+0 records out 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GG) copied, 82.9779 s, 25.9 MB/s 262144+0 records in 262144+0 records out 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 84.0396 s, 25.6 MB/s 262144+0 records in 262144+0 records out 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 103.42 s, 20.8 MB/s If I wait a significant amount of time, say 30-45 minutes, and run it again, it again goes back to 105 MB/s, and after several rounds (sometimes a few, sometimes 10+), it drops to ~20-25 MB/s again. Plotting the disk latency in vSphere's interface, it shows periods of high disk latency hitting 1.2-1.5 seconds during the times that dd reports the low throughput. (And yes, things get pretty unresponsive while that's happening.) What could be causing this? I'm comfortable that it is not due to the disk failing, because I also had configured two other disks as an additional volume in the same system. At first I thought I did something wrong with that volume, but after commenting the volume out from /etc/fstab and rebooting, and trying the tests on / as shown above, it became clear that the problem is elsewhere. It is probably an ESXi configuration problem, but I'm not very experienced with ESXi. It's probably something stupid, but after trying to figure this out for many hours over multiple days, I can't find the problem, so I hope someone can point me in the right direction. (P.S.: yes, I know this hardware combo won't win any speed awards as a server, and I have reasons for using this low-end hardware and running a single VM, but I think that's besides the point for this question [unless it's actually a hardware problem].) ADDENDUM #1: Reading other answers such as this one made me try adding oflag=direct to dd. However, it makes no difference in the pattern of results: initially the numbers are higher for many rounds, then they drop to 20-25 MB/s. (The initial absolute numbers are in the 50 MB/s range.) ADDENDUM #2: Adding sync ; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches into the loop does not make a difference at all. ADDENDUM #3: To take out further variables, I now run dd such that the file it creates is larger than the amount of RAM on the system. The new command is dd if=/dev/zero of=/test.img bs=16k count=256k conv=fdatasync oflag=direct. Initial throughput numbers with this version of the command are ~50 MB/s. They drop to 20-25 MB/s when things go south. ADDENDUM #4: Here is the output of iostat -d -m -x 1 running in another terminal window while performance is "good" and then again when it's "bad". (While this is going on, I'm running dd if=/dev/zero of=/test.img bs=16k count=256k conv=fdatasync oflag=direct.) First, when things are "good", it shows this: When things go "bad", iostat -d -m -x 1 shows this:

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  • Why do I get disk I/O errors booting the 3.2 kernel on a xen vps server?

    - by Doug
    I have a xen vps, which I just upgraded to the new LTS 12 Precise Pangolin. However, I see this error on booting: [ 12.848076] end_request: I/O error, dev xvda, sector 12841 [ 12.848093] end_request: I/O error, dev xvda, sector 12841 [ 12.848103] Buffer I/O error on device xvda1, logical block 1605 [ 12.848110] lost page write due to I/O error on xvda1 [ 12.848129] Aborting journal on device xvda1. Results in / being mounted read-only. Reboot: [ 3.087257] EXT3-fs (xvda1): warning: ext3_clear_journal_err: Marking fs in need of filesystem check. [ 3.087677] EXT3-fs (xvda1): recovery complete [ 3.088514] EXT3-fs (xvda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode Begin: Running /scripts/local-bottom ... done. done. Begin: Running /scripts/init-bottom ... done. fsck from util-linux 2.20.1 PRGMRDISK1 contains a file system with errors, check forced. Checking disk drives for errors. This may take several minutes. Press C to cancel all checks in progress PRGMRDISK1: ***** REBOOT LINUX ***** PRGMRDISK1: 371152/6001184 files (2.8% non-contiguous), 4727949/12000000 blocks mountall: fsck / [308] terminated with status 3 mountall: System must be rebooted: / [ 151.566949] Restarting system. Name ID Mem VCPUs State Time(s) shadowmint 236 2048 1 --p--- 0.0 Reboot - back to 1. This is definitely an issue with the 3.2 kernel, because booting the 3.0.0 or 2.6.38 kernel series make this issue magically disappear. I'm certain this is some kind of weird xen thing, but no idea. Anyone? Anyhow, until this is resolve I strongly recommend against upgrading if you're running a xen server.

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  • error/message: the disk drive for /home is not ready... when connecting an external hard drive

    - by seallussus
    i am running Ubuntu 10.04 all updated installed to date (3/28/2012) and when i connect another sata HD i get this message the disk drive for /home is not ready yet or not present continue to wait, or press S to skip mounting or M for manual recovery so i press S but i get this message could not update ICEauthority file /home/username/.ICEauthority And when a press close i get this there is a problem with the configuration server (/usr/libconf2-4/gconf-sanity-check-2 exited with status 256) And when a press close i get message Nautilus could not create the following required folders :/home/username/desktop,/home/username/.Nautilus before running Nautilus, please create these folders or set permissons such that Nautilus can reach them And finally when a press Ok at the last message it disappears and i get a blank screen with a lot of colors on it and with nothing else so i shutdown (power button ) and disconnect the HD and boot without problems so how to fix this in simple commands because i am a total Linux noob notes -In the original error my username was in place of username i wrote (did not want to confuse anybody ) -I tried searching for this problem but a got a lot of different answers and most of them were really complicated to me and not working -I got a data HD connected and working without problems also the HD i installed Ubuntu on is Sata (maybe it helps) -Apologize for me bad English its not my mother language

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  • Setting up a dualboot by installing cloned partitions using clonezilla

    - by Nimjox
    I'm trying to setup a dual boot system where I have Windows 7 and Linux Mint. Here's the kicker both are partitions I've saved using Clonzezilla from different places and to make matters worse Linux Mint is formated as a LVM. I need both of these images specifically as windows is a corporate image that I must use and the other is a development image that took me a week to setup. I've gotten it almost all working but my issue is that I can't get clonezilla to not mess up the partition table of Windows when installing Mint or vise-vera. I can use the (-k1 option) which doens't copy the partition table but then I have a unusable partition when it clones and I'm not sure how to fix the partition table. Here's what I'm doing: Using Gparted to make partitions sda1 40GB ntfs (windows), sda2 extended 70GB, sda5 lvm2 pv 69.99 GB (Linux), sda3 500MB (GRUB) Clonezilla windows image into sda1 partition (keeping partition table) Clonezilla linux image into sda5 partition (not recreating partition table) After all that I can boot into windows using the default MBR. I can use rescue-repair cd to reinstall GRUB which will see Windows 7 but I can't get it to see the Linux OS. I'm thinking its because of the sda5 partition but I'm not sure any ideas on what I could do to get this working or where I might be going wrong. If there is any additional detail you need please let me know and I'll edit as this is a lot.

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  • QNAP NAS 509 (LINUX) - how to unmout busy volume and find physical disk?

    - by Horst Walter
    On my NAS QNAP TS 509 I do have a technical issue. I need to run e2fsck. This works fine for me on md0 (see below), but how can I unmount the busy devices md9 and sda4 in order to do the same. Whenever I try, I fail because the device is busy. [This part is solved, see below] In order to further track down the issue, I'd need to sort out the physical disk to device relationship. How can I find out this, e.g. md0 is a stripped volume on 2 disk (but I need to find out on what physical disk). Remark: As you can easily derive from my questions, I am not a Linux expert, but manage to get along. /dev/ram0 124.0M 94.1M 29.8M 76% / tmpfs 32.0M 80.0k 31.9M 0% /tmp /dev/sda4 310.0M 103.9M 206.1M 34% /mnt/ext /dev/md9 509.5M 39.2M 470.2M 8% /mnt/HDA_ROOT /dev/md0 1.8T 1.4T 444.7G 76% /share/MD0_DATA tmpfs 32.0M 0 32.0M 0% /.eaccelerator.tmp -- Added -- QNAP seems to be based on Busybox. I do not find something like init / telinit / runlevel. At busybox docs it says that I need to run the below. But in /var/service sv is not available. I want to go to single user mode to unmount the devices. # cd /var/service # sv d * # sv u getty* -- Added, thanks A4L -- This QNAP Box runs a special flavor of Linux, so not all SOPs do apply. In my particular case I found a services.sh script, stopping all services. After that the drive could be unmounted. The information passed by A4L is valid and worth reading it, maybe I'll profit from it next time. Links: http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/19918/umount-device-is-busy and http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/15024/umount-device-is-busy-why So the unmount issue is solved, still looking for the best option to find the physical to volume mapping.

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