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• IIS URl Rewrite working inconsistently?

  - by Don Jones

  I'm having some oddness with the URL rewriting in IIS 7. Here's my Web.config (below). You'll see "imported rule 3," which grabs attempts to access /sitemap.xml and redirects them to /sitemap/index. That rule works great. Right below it is imported rule 4, which grabs attempts to access /wlwmanifest.xml and redirects them to /mwapi/wlwmanifest. That rule does NOT work. (BTW, I do know it's "rewriting" not "redirecting" - that's what I want). So... why would two identically-configured rules not work the same way? Order makes no different; Imported Rule 4 doesn't work even if it's in the first position. Thanks for any advice! EDIT: Let me represent the rules in .htaccess format so they don't get eaten :) RewriteEngine On # skip existing files and folders RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -s [OR] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -l [OR] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d RewriteRule ^.*$ - [NC,L] # get special XML files RewriteRule ^(.*)sitemap.xml$ /sitemap/index [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)wlwmanifest.xml$ /mwapi/index [NC] # send everything to index RewriteRule ^.*$ index.php [NC,L] The "sitemap" rewrite rule works fine; the 'wlwmanifest' rule returns a "not found." Weird.

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• How can I write automated tests for iptables?

  - by Phil Frost

  I am configuring a Linux router with iptables. I want to write acceptance tests for the configuration that assert things like: traffic from some guy on the internet is not forwarded, and TCP to port 80 on the webserver in the DMZ from hosts on the corporate LAN is forwarded. An ancient FAQ alludes to a iptables -C option which allows one to ask something like, "given a packet from X, to Y, on port Z, would it be accepted or dropped?" Although the FAQ suggests it works like this, for iptables (but maybe not ipchains as it uses in the examples) the -C option seems to not simulate a test packet running through all the rules, but rather checks for the existence for an exactly matching rule. This has little value as a test. I want to assert that the rules have the desired effect, not just that they exist. I've considered creating yet more test VMs and a virtual network, then probing with tools like nmap for effects. However, I'm avoiding this solution due to the complexity of creating all those additional virtual machines, which is really quite a heavy way to generate some test traffic. It would also be nice to have an automated testing methodology which can also work on a real server in production. How else might I solve this problem? Is there some mechanism I might use to generate or simulate arbitrary traffic, then know if it was (or would be) dropped or accepted by iptables?

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• iptables, blocking large numbers of IP Addresses

  - by Twirrim

  I'm looking to block IP addresses in a relatively automated fashion if they look to be 'screen scraping' content from websites that we host. In the past this was achieved by some ingenious perl scripts and OpenBSD's pf. pf is great in that you can provide it nice tables of IP addresses and it will efficiently handle blocking based on them. However for various reasons (before my time) they made the decision to switch to CentOS. iptables doesn't natively provide the ability to block large numbers of addresses (I'm told it wasn't unusual to be blocking 5000+), and I'm a bit cautious over adding that many rules into an iptable. ipt_recent would be awesome for doing this, plus it provides a lot of flexibility for just severely slowing down access, but there is a bug in the CentOS kernel that is stopping me from using it (reported, but awaiting fix). Using ipset would entail compiling a more up-to-date version of iptables than comes with CentOS which whilst I'm perfectly capable of doing it, I'd rather not do from a patching, security and consistency perspective. Other than those two it looks like nfblock is a reasonable alternative. Is anyone aware of other ways of achieving this? Are my concerns about several thousand IP addresses in iptables as individual rules unfounded?

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• Prevent outgoing traffic unless OpenVPN connection is active using pf.conf on Mac OS X

  - by Nick

  I've been able to deny all connections to external networks unless my OpenVPN connection is active using pf.conf. However, I lose Wi-Fi connectivity if the connection is broken by closing and opening the laptop lid or toggling Wi-Fi off and on again. I'm on Mac OS 10.8.1. I connect to the Web via Wi-Fi (from varying locations, including Internet cafés). The OpenVPN connection is set up with Viscosity. I have the following packet filter rules set up in /etc/pf.conf # Deny all packets unless they pass through the OpenVPN connection wifi=en1 vpn=tun0 block all set skip on lo pass on $wifi proto udp to [OpenVPN server IP address] port 443 pass on $vpn I start the packet filter service with sudo pfctl -e and load the new rules with sudo pfctl -f /etc/pf.conf. I have also edited /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.pfctl.plist and changed the line <string>-f</string> to read <string>-ef</string> so that the packet filter launches at system startup. This all seems to works great at first: applications can only connect to the web if the OpenVPN connection is active, so I'm never leaking data over an insecure connection. But, if I close and reopen my laptop lid or turn Wi-Fi off and on again, the Wi-Fi connection is lost, and I see an exclamation mark in the Wi-Fi icon in the status bar. Clicking the Wi-Fi icon shows an "Alert: No Internet connection" message: To regain the connection, I have to disconnect and reconnect Wi-Fi, sometimes five or six times, before the "Alert: No Internet connection" message disappears and I'm able to open the VPN connection again. Other times, the Wi-Fi alert disappears of its own accord, the exclamation mark clears, and I'm able to connect again. Either way, it can take five minutes or more to get a connection again, which can be frustrating. Why does Wi-Fi report "No internet connection" after losing connectivity, and how can I diagnose this issue and fix it?

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• How to hide subfolder when using Web.config for subdomains?

  - by mc-kay

  I have FTP access to my ASP.NET Websapce (IIS 7) and I route subdomains with a Web.config in the web root folder. She looks like this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <configuration> <system.webServer> <rewrite> <rules> <rule name="route www and emtpy requests" stopProcessing="true"> <match url=".*" /> <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll" trackAllCaptures="false"> <add input="{HTTP_HOST}" pattern="^(www.)?example.com" /> <add input="{PATH_INFO}" pattern="^/www/" negate="true" /> </conditions> <action type="Rewrite" url="\www\{R:0}" /> </rule> <rule name="route to blog" stopProcessing="true"> <match url=".*" /> <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll" trackAllCaptures="false"> <add input="{HTTP_HOST}" pattern="^blog.example.com$" /> <add input="{PATH_INFO}" pattern="^/blog/" negate="true" /> </conditions> <action type="Rewrite" url="\blog\{R:0}" /> </rule> </rules> </rewrite> </system.webServer> </configuration> As you can see i have two folders in my root directory: "www" and "blog". When i now enter "blog.example.com" everythink is working fine, but when i click a link i will go to "blog.example.com/blog" What can I do to prevent this behavior ?

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• Mail.app doesn't detect sender in Address Book

  - by CoreSandello

  I don't understand, how does 'smart addresses' in Mail.app work. Recently I mentioned, that for some emails I don't see person's full name in 'From' column. I started to dig into this behavior and found out, that I have few contacts in my Address Book, that are not recognized by Mail.app. Here how it looks: I have a person in Address Book with filled email entry and filled first/last name (localized). I have an incoming email from that person (from email specified in Address Book), but first/last name in the email itself doesn't match with ones specified in Address Book (e. g. 'From' field in email looks like 'John [work] <[email protected]>' while Address Book entry is 'John Smith' (localized, in Russian)). And Mail.app doesn't recognize that this mail is originating from that person in Address Book: if I click on 'From' field, it suggests to me to add sender to Address Book, while for others' emails I have 'Show in Address Book' menu entry (especially for ones with full localized name in 'From' field). I'm wondering, is that behavior correct or I'm missing something? I'm using Snow Leopard & Mail 4.0; my system language set to English, if that matters. I'd like to have some clarifications on that Mail.app behavior: whenever it fixable or not (and if it's fixable, I'd like to see a fix). By the way, is it possible to match sender's address against Address Book entry in filter rules or not? That would be great, if I can create rules like 'move all mail from that person to that folder' without specifying exact source address. Thanks, Ivan.

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• Any non-custom way to manage iptables with fail2ban and libvirt+kvm?

  - by Peter Hansen

  I have an Ubuntu 9.04 server running libvirt/kvm and fail2ban (for SSH attacks). Both libvirt and fail2ban integrate with iptables in different ways. Libvirt uses (I think) some XML config and during startup (?) configures forwarding to the VM subnet. Fail2ban installs a custom chain (probably at init) and periodically modifies it to ban/unban probable attackers. I also need to install my own rules to forward various ports to servers running in VMs and on other machines, and set up rudimentary security (e.g. drop all INPUT traffic except the few ports I want open), and of course I'd like the ability to add/remove rules safely without restarting. It seems to me iptables is a powerful tool that's sorely lacking some sort of standardized way of juggling all this stuff. Every project, and every sysadmin, seems to do it differently! (And I think there's lots of "cargo cult" admin going on here, with people cloning crude approaches like "use iptables-save like so".) Short of figuring out the gory details of exactly how both of these (and potentially other) tools manipulate the netfilter tables, and developing my own scripts or just manually executing iptables commands, is there any way to safely work with iptables while not breaking the functionality of these other tools? Any nascent standards or projects defined to bring sanity to this area? Even a helpful web page I missed that might cover at least these two packages together?

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• Using public interfaces on a server connected through a GRE tunnel

  - by Evan

  I'm pretty new to networking so please forgive any terminology mistakes. I have 2 servers connected with a GRE tunnel. Server1 (10.0.0.1) ---- Server2 (10.0.0.2) I want to be able to bind to the public IPs on Server2 using Server1. To do this, I setup virtual interfaces with Server2's public IPs on Server1 and then used routing rules on Server1 to route the packets through the GRE tunnel. On Server1: ip rule add from [Server2's first public IP] table gre ip rule add from [Server2's second public IP] table gre ip route add default via 10.0.0.2 dev gre1 table gre This works great and I can see the packets arriving via GRE on Server2. I can see the packet exiting the tunnel on Server2's gre1 device as shown: From Server1: ping -I [Server2's public ip] google.com tcpdump from Server2's GRE tunnel device: 12:07:17.029160 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) [Server2's public ip] > 74.125.225.38: ICMP echo request, id 6378, seq 50, length 64 This is exactly the packet I want. However, I'm not seeing it go out at all on eth0:0 (where Server2's public IP is bound to). I've tried to use routing rules to get packets coming from Server2's public IP (which would be coming out of dev gre1) to go through dev eth0 on the public default gateway and that doesn't work either. I'm at a loss, thank you to anyone who can help.

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• iptables forwarding to a dummy interface

  - by madinc

  Hi, I'm trying to accomplish the following: I have a box with a service listening on a dummy interface (say 172.16.0.1), udp port 5555. Now what I'd like to do is to take packets that arrive on interfaces eth0 (1.1.1.1:5555) and eth1 (2.2.2.2:5555) and forward them to the service on the dummy interface, and have replies go back to clients out the same physical interface they came in. Clients must think they're talking to 1.1.1.1:5555 or 2.2.2.2:5555. I think I need a mix of iptables rules and packet marking, plus some iproute rules (if it's possible at all). What I tried is to catch packets coming in from eth0 and eth1, udp port 5555, and mark them with 1 and 2 respectively, and --save-mark in the connmark. Then I used a DNAT to 172.16.0.1. The service seems to be getting the packets. Now I'm not sure how to do the reverse. It seems that for packets originating from the box, you can't do anything before the routing decision, but that would be the place to restore the marks, and thus make a routing decision based on those. Here's what I have so far: iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -d 1.1.1.1 -p udp --port 5555 -j MARK --set-mark 1 iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -d 2.2.2.2 -p udp --port 5555 -j MARK --set-mark 2 iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -d 1.1.1.1 -p udp --port 5555 -j CONNMARK --save-mark iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -d 2.2.2.2 -p udp --port 5555 -j CONNMARK --save-mark iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -m mark --mark 1 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.16.0.1 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -m mark --mark 2 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.16.0.1 # What next? As I said, I'm not even sure it can be done. To give a bit of background, it's an old OpenVPN installation that cannot be upgraded (otherwise I'd install a recent version that supports multihoming natively). Thanks for any help.

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• .htaccess rewrite rule to ignore a directory

  - by Kirk Strobeck

  I am running a Symphony installation out of the directory symphony but I want to remove that word from the URL in specific cases. When a user visits http://domain.com/demo It should go to http://domain.com/symphony/demo because I've added a specific rule for demo. If I haven't added a specific rule for demo in the .htaccess, then it should resolve to http://domain.com/demo as typed. This will route it to another part of our app. Here is my current rewrite rule ### Symphony 2.3.x ### Options +FollowSymlinks -Indexes <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine on RewriteBase / ### SECURITY - Protect crucial files RewriteRule ^manifest/(.*)$ - [F] RewriteRule ^workspace/(pages|utilities)/(.*)\.xsl$ - [F] RewriteRule ^(.*)\.sql$ - [F] RewriteRule (^|/)\. - [F] ### DO NOT APPLY RULES WHEN REQUESTING "favicon.ico" RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} favicon.ico [NC] RewriteRule .* - [S=14] ### IMAGE RULES RewriteRule ^image\/(.+\.(jpg|gif|jpeg|png|bmp))$ extensions/jit_image_manipulation/lib/image.php?param=$1 [B,L,NC] ### CHECK FOR TRAILING SLASH - Will ignore files RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !/$ RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !(.*)/$ RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1/ [L,R=301] ### URL Correction RewriteRule ^(symphony/)?index.php(/.*/?) $1$2 [NC] ### ADMIN REWRITE RewriteRule ^symphony\/?$ index.php?mode=administration&%{QUERY_STRING} [NC,L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteRule ^symphony(\/(.*\/?))?$ index.php?symphony-page=$1&mode=administration&%{QUERY_STRING} [NC,L] ### FRONTEND REWRITE - Will ignore files and folders RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteRule ^(.*\/?)$ index.php?symphony-page=$1&%{QUERY_STRING} [L] </IfModule> ###### How would I change the rewrite rule to support those cases?

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• Conditionally Rewrite Email Headers (From & Reply-To) Exchange 2010

  - by NorthVandea

  I have a client who maintains Company A (with email addresses %username%@companyA.com) and they own the domain companyB.com however there is no "infrastructure" (no Exchange server) set up specifically for companyB.com. My client needs to be able to have the end users within it's company (companyA.com) add a specific word or phrase to the Subject (or Body) line of the Outgoing email (they are only concerned with outgoing, incoming is a non-issue in this case) that triggers the Exchange 2010 servers to rewrite the header From and Reply-To [email protected] with [email protected] but this re-write should ONLY occur if the user places the key word/phrase in the Subject (or Body). I have attempted using Transport Rules and the New-AddressRewriteEntry cmdlet however each seems to have a limitation. From what I can tell Transport Rules cannot re-write the From/Reply-To fields and New-AddressRewriteEntry cannot be conditionally triggered based on message content. So to recap: User sends email outside the organization: From and Reply-To remain [email protected] User sends email outside the organization WITH "KeyWord" in the Subject or Body: From and Reply-To change to [email protected] automatically. Anyone know how this could be done WITHOUT coding a new Mail Agent? I don't have the programming knowledge to code a custom Agent... I can use any function of Exchange Management Shell or Console. Alternatively if anyone knows of a simple add-on program that could do this that would be good too. Any help would be greatly appreciated! Thank you!!!

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• Getting rsync to move file from source to destination ?

  - by fabien-barbier

  Is rsync is a good choice for my project ? I have to : - copy files from source to destination folder via SSH, - be sure all files are copied, - delete source files after copy. - if I have conflict name, I have to rename files. It looks like I can use option : --remove-source-files (to delete source files) But how rsync manage conflict, can I had rules ? Use case on my project : I run scientific calculation on server A and results are inserted in folder "process", for each calculation I have a repository like this : /process/calc1. Now I would like to transfer repository "/calc1" to server B (I get /process/calc1), and delete "calc1" from server A. ...During another calculation I get "/process/calc2" on server A, the idea is also to move "calc2" in "/process/" directory on server B, then I have now on server B : - /process/calc1 - /process/calc2 (and /process/ on server A is empty). How rsync will manage conflict (on server B) if I have another folder like "/process/calc1" in server A after a new calculation (if "/process/calc1" already exist on server B) ? Is it possible to add rules with rsync, and rename "/process/calc1" by "process/calc1R2" in server B ? And so on (ex:calc1R3) ? Thanks.

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• IIS 8 URL Redirect on site level

  - by jackncoke

  I am trying to do a simple 301 perm redirect to another url in IIS 8. The end results would be if i navigated to domain2.com i would end up on domain1.com. We are moving from IIS 6 to a new server and have aprox 600+ sites that will be configured on this IIS 8 box. All of these sites run a property CMS and are looking at the same directory for source code. In IIS 6 i would just go to the Home directory tab of each site and check the box that says "Permanent Redirect" and provide a URL. With IIS 8 there is "HTTP Redirect" and this looks like it would do the trick but it is being applied to all the sites in IIS 8. Not on the site level like it use to be in IIS 6. I also looked into URL Rewriting module for IIS 8 but it seems to take rules in the style of a firewall and i am not sure if i could effectly create rules that would cater to 600+ sites. I am looking for the easiest way to have redirects on my site level so that that customers with multiple domains can have there sites redirect to there main domain for seo purposes. I feel like this was so easily achieved in IIS 6 that i must be overlooking something in the new version.

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• EC2 instance is blocking all outbound connections, how to diagnose/fix?

  - by Fraggle

  My EC2 instance is blocking all outbound connections. wget http://www.google.com ==> Hangs ping google.com ==>hangs ssh user@anyserver ==>hangs I ran : sudo iptables -F to eliminate all rules to no avail AWS Management console shows Security Group for that instance has Inbound rule allowing ssh and port 80. Can't find anything about Outbound rules there. Rebooted instance, no change. If anyone knows how to diagnose or fix, please help. Adding info: [ec2-user@ip-10-112-62-73 ~]$ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 12:31:3D:06:31:BB inet addr:10.112.62.73 Bcast:10.112.63.255 Mask:255.255.254.0 inet6 addr: fe80::1031:3dff:fe06:31bb/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1933 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1764 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:164075 (160.2 KiB) TX bytes:343256 (335.2 KiB) Interrupt:9 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:672 (672.0 b) TX bytes:672 (672.0 b) [ec2-user@ip-10-112-62-73 ~]$ ip route show 10.112.62.0/23 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.112.62.73 default via 10.112.62.1 dev eth0

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• Blocking an IP from connecting

  - by Sam W.

  I have a problem with my Apache webserver where there's and IP than connecting to my server, using alot of connection and wont die which eventually making my webserver timeout. The connection will stay as SYN_SENT state if I check using netstat -netapu I even flush my iptables and use the basic rules and it still doesn't work. The IP will get connected when I start my Apache Basic rules that I use: iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT ! -i lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT iptables -A INPUT -s 89.149.244.117 -j REJECT iptables -A OUTPUT -s 89.149.244.117 -j REJECT iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -j REJECT iptables -A FORWARD -j REJECT The bold part is rule in question. Not sure this is related but tcp_syncookies value is 1. Can someone point out my mistake? Is there a way to block it for good. Thank you

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• What is the ip range of EC2

  - by Nicolas Kassis

  I'd like to setup a rule to block ssh request from EC2 since I've been seeing a large amount of ssh based attack from there and was wondering if anyone knew what their IP ranges are. EDIT: Thank you for the answer, I went ahead and implemented the iptables rules as follow. I ignore all traffic for the moment. Logging it just to see if the rules are working and for stats on how much crap EC2 is sending out ;) #EC2 Blacklist $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 67.202.0.0/18 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 67.202.0.0/18 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 72.44.32.0/19 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 72.44.32.0/19 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 75.101.128.0/17 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 75.101.128.0/17 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 174.129.0.0/16 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 174.129.0.0/16 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 204.236.192.0/18 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 204.236.192.0/18 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 204.236.224.0/19 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 204.236.224.0/19 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 79.125.0.0/17 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 79.125.0.0/17 -j DROP

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• How do you change a Cisco ASA 5510 management interface?

  - by Sam Sanders

  I want to add a redundant interface to my Cisco ASA 5510. The management interface is currently using Ethernet0/1 (10.1.25.254/24) one of the interface I want to use for the redundant interfaces. So I wanted to setup Management0/0 as the new management interface. The other interface I want to use is Ethernet0/2 (10.1.0.254/24) for the redundant interface. The Ethernet0/3 (10.1.251.5/24) interface is not going to be part of the redundant interface. I gave the Management0/0 an IP address of 10.1.254.5, and was able to connect a win7 box to Management0/0 and use 10.1.254.5 as a gateway; and ping another address on the (10.1.251.0/24) network, but I can't ping the interface (10.1.254.5) itself. I also can't use ASDM/SSH to log onto the ASA at 10.1.254.5. I setup rules in Configuration Device Management Management Access ASDM/HTTPS/Telnet/SSH. That look like the original rules for the Ethernet0/1 interface. The last thing I can think to try would be to change the Configuration Device Management Management Access Management Interface. I'm a bit nervous about changing it, the description of it is a bit vague. What it's going to do if I change it? What is the correct way to change a management interface?

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• Need help with local network printing while using VPN on Ubuntu 10.10 desktop

  - by MountainX

  I can print to my HP printer via the LAN when I'm not connected to the VPN. When connected to the VPN, printing fails. OpenVPN 2.1.0 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH] [PF_INET6] [eurephia] built on Jul 12 2010 I can ping the printer while connected to the VPN: $ ping 192.168.100.12 PING 192.168.100.12 (192.168.100.12) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.100.12: icmp_req=1 ttl=255 time=9.17 ms --- 192.168.100.12 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss... $ ping HpPrinter.local PING HpPrinter.local (192.168.100.12) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from HpPrinter.local (192.168.100.12): icmp_req=1 ttl=255 time=0.383 ms --- HpPrinter.local ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss... But here's the error when I try to print while connected to the VPN: hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 1... ... hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 20... hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 780: error timeout mdns lookup HpPrinter.local hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 88: unable to read device-id hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 1... ... hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 20... hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 780: error timeout mdns lookup HpPrinter.local hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 88: unable to read device-id hp[9982]: prnt/backend/hp.c 745: ERROR: open device failed stat=12: hp:/net/Officejet_Pro_L7600?zc=HpPrinter I am running iptables rules, but the problem doesn't appear related to the firewall. I've tested with no rules (i.e., no firewall). The printing problem happens when the VPN is connected. I can guess it is an mdns problem, but searching google about mdns didn't turn up anything that seemed related to this (at my level of knowledge). Any suggestions?

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• ntpdate cannot receive data

  - by Hengjie

  I have a problem where running ntpdate on my server doesn't return any data therefore I get the following error: [root@server etc]# ntpdate -d -u -v time.nist.gov 12 Apr 01:10:09 ntpdate[32072]: ntpdate [email protected] Fri Nov 18 13:21:21 UTC 2011 (1) Looking for host time.nist.gov and service ntp host found : 24-56-178-141.co.warpdriveonline.com transmit(24.56.178.141) transmit(24.56.178.141) transmit(24.56.178.141) transmit(24.56.178.141) transmit(24.56.178.141) 24.56.178.141: Server dropped: no data server 24.56.178.141, port 123 stratum 0, precision 0, leap 00, trust 000 refid [24.56.178.141], delay 0.00000, dispersion 64.00000 transmitted 4, in filter 4 reference time: 00000000.00000000 Thu, Feb 7 2036 14:28:16.000 originate timestamp: 00000000.00000000 Thu, Feb 7 2036 14:28:16.000 transmit timestamp: d3303975.1311947c Thu, Apr 12 2012 1:10:13.074 filter delay: 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 filter offset: 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 delay 0.00000, dispersion 64.00000 offset 0.000000 12 Apr 01:10:14 ntpdate[32072]: no server suitable for synchronization found I have tried Googling the 'no server suitable for synchronization found' error online and I have tried disabling my firewall (running iptables -L returns no rules). I have also confirmed with my DC that there are no rules that are blocking ntp (port 123). Does anyone have any ideas on how I may fix this? Btw, this is what the output should look like on a working server in another DC: 11 Apr 19:01:24 ntpdate[725]: ntpdate [email protected] Fri Nov 18 13:21:17 UTC 2011 (1) Looking for host 184.105.192.247 and service ntp host found : 247.conarusp.net transmit(184.105.192.247) receive(184.105.192.247) transmit(184.105.192.247) receive(184.105.192.247) transmit(184.105.192.247) receive(184.105.192.247) transmit(184.105.192.247) receive(184.105.192.247) transmit(184.105.192.247) receive(184.105.192.247) transmit(184.105.192.247) server 184.105.192.247, port 123 stratum 2, precision -20, leap 00, trust 000 refid [184.105.192.247], delay 0.18044, dispersion 0.00006 transmitted 4, in filter 5 reference time: d330364e.e956694f Wed, Apr 11 2012 18:56:46.911 originate timestamp: d3303765.8702d025 Wed, Apr 11 2012 19:01:25.527 transmit timestamp: d3303765.73b213e3 Wed, Apr 11 2012 19:01:25.451 filter delay: 0.18069 0.18044 0.18045 0.18048 0.18048 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 filter offset: -0.00195 -0.00197 -0.00211 -0.00202 -0.00202 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 delay 0.18044, dispersion 0.00006 offset -0.001970

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• Apache reports a 200 status for non-existent WordPress URLs

  - by Jonah Bishop

  The WordPress .htaccess generally has the following rewrite rules: # BEGIN WordPress <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . /index.php [L] </IfModule> When I access a non-existent URL at my website, this rewrite rule gets hit, redirects to index.php, and serves up my custom 404.php template file. The status code that gets sent back to the client is the correct 404, as shown in this HTTP Live Headers output example: http://www.borngeek.com/nothere/ GET /nothere/ HTTP/1.1 Host: www.borngeek.com {...} HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found However, Apache reports the entire exchange with a 200 status code in my server log, as shown here in a log snippet (trimmed for simplicity): {...} "GET /nothere/ HTTP/1.1" 200 2155 "-" {...} This makes some sense to me, seeing as the original request was redirected to page that exists (index.php). Is there a way to force Apache to report the exchange as a 404? My problem is that bogus requests coming from Bad Guys show up as "successful requests" in the various server statistics software I use (AWStats, Analog, etc). I'd love to have them show up on the Apache side as 404s so that they get filtered out from the stat reports that get generated. I tried adding the following line to my .htaccess, but it had no effect (I'm guessing for the same reason as the previous redirect rules): ErrorDocument 404 /index.php?error=404 Does anyone have a clever way to fix this annoyance? Additional Info: OS is Debian 6.0.4, and Apache version looks to be 2.2.22-3 (hosted on DreamHost) The 404 being sent back to the client is being set by WordPress (i.e. I'm not manually calling header() anywhere)

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• How to access a port via OpenVpn only

  - by Andy M

  I've set up an openvpn server alongside an apache website that can only be accessed on port 8100 on the same machine. My /etc/openvpn/server.conf file looks like this: port 1194 proto tcp dev tun ca ./easy-rsa2/keys/ca.crt cert ./easy-rsa2/keys/server.crt key ./easy-rsa2/keys/server.key # This file should be kept secret dh ./easy-rsa2/keys/dh1024.pem # Diffie-Hellman parameter server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # make sure clients can still connect to the internet push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log verb 3 Now I tried to let only clients connected to the vpn network access the website on apache via port 8100. So I defined a few iptables rules: #!/bin/sh # My system IP/set ip address of server SERVER_IP="192.168.0.2" # Flushing all rules iptables -F iptables -X # Setting default filter policy iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD DROP # Allow incoming access to port 8100 from OpenVPN 10.8.0.1 iptables -A INPUT -i tun0 -p tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o tun0 -p tcp --sport 80 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # outgoing http iptables -A OUTPUT -o tun0 -p tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i tun0 -p tcp --sport 80 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT Now when I connect to the server from my client computer and try to access the website on 192.168.0.2:8100, my browser can't open it. Will I have to forward traffic from tun0 to eth0? Or is there anything else I'm missing?

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• how to block spam email using Microsoft Outlook 2011 (Mac)?

  - by tim8691

  I'm using Microsoft Outlook 2011 for Mac and I'm getting so much spam I'm not sure how to control it. In the past, I always applied "Block Sender" and "Mark as Junk" to any spam email messages I received. This doesn't seem to be enough nowadays. Then I've started using Tools Rules to create rules based on subject, but the same spammer keeps changing subject lines, so this isn't working. I've been tracking the IP addresses they also seem to be changing with each email. Is there any key information I can use in the email to apply a rule to successfully place these spam emails in the junk folder? I'm using a "Low" level of junk email protection. The next higher level, "high", says it may eliminate valid emails, so I prefer not to use this option. There's maybe one or two spammers sending me emails, but the volume is very high now. I'm getting a variation of the following facebook email spam: Hi, Here's some activity you have missed. No matter how far away you are from friends and family, we can help you stay connected. Other people have asked to be your friend. Accept this invitation to see your previous friend requests Some variations on the subject line they've used include: Account Info Change Account Sender Mail Pending ticket notification Pending ticket status Support Center Support med center Pending Notification Reminder: Pending Notification How do people address this? Can it be done within Outlook or is it better to get a third party commercial software to plug-in or otherwise manage it? If so, why would the third party be better than Outlook's internal tools (e.g. what does it look for in the incoming email that Outlook doesn't look at)?

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• apache adress based access control

  - by stijn

  I have an apache instance serving different locations, eg https://host.com/jira https://host.com/svn https://host.com/websvn https://host.com/phpmyadmin Each of these has access control rules based on ip adres/hostname. Some of them use the same configuration though, so I have to repeat the same rules each time: Order Deny,Allow Deny from All Allow from 10.35 myhome.com mycollegueshome.com Is there a way to make these reusable so that I don't have to change each instance everytime something changes? Ie, can I write this once, then use it for a couple of locations? Using SetEnvIf maybe? It would be nice if I could do something like this pseudo-config: <myaccessrule> Order Deny,Allow Deny from All Allow from 10.35 myhome.com mycollegueshome.com </myaccessrule> <Proxy /jira*> AccessRule = myaccessrule </Proxy> <Location /svn> AccessRule = myaccessrule </Location> <Directory /websvn> AccessRule = myaccessrule </Directory>

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• Apache2: Limit simultaneous requests & throttle bandwidth per IP/client?

  - by xentek

  I want to limit simultaneous requests & throttle bandwidth per IP/Client on a single apache vhost. In other words, I want to ensure that this site, which hosts large media files, doesn't get hammered by someone trying to download everything all at once (just happened the other night). I'd like to limit the outgoing transfer speed overall for this site, as well as limit the number of connections a single IP can make to the server to a sane default (i.e. within normal browser limits for multiple requests so page loads aren't effected too much). Bonus points if I can actually scope it to file types (i.e. leave web files alone, but apply these rules to just the media files). We're running Ubuntu 9.04 on all the servers, and have two apache/php servers being load balanced via Round Robin by a squid proxy server. MySQL is running on its own box as well. We've got plenty of bandwidth to give them, so I don't really want overall caps, but just want to throttle the amount of memory/CPU it takes to serve this site. There other sites on these servers that we don't want to apply these rules too, just want to keep this one from hogging all the resources. Let me know if you need more info! Thanks in advance for your suggestions!

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• iptables -- OK, **now** am I doing it right?

  - by Agvorth

  This is a follow up to a previous question where I asked whether my iptables config is correct. CentOS 5.3 system. Intended result: block everything except ping, ssh, Apache, and SSL. Based on xenoterracide's advice and the other responses to the question (thanks guys), I created this script: # Establish a clean slate iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -F # Flush all rules iptables -X # Delete all chains # Disable routing. Drop packets if they reach the end of the chain. iptables -P FORWARD DROP # Drop all packets with a bad state iptables -A INPUT -m state --state INVALID -j DROP # Accept any packets that have something to do with ones we've sent on outbound iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Accept any packets coming or going on localhost (this can be very important) iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # Accept ICMP iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT # Allow ssh iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow httpd iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Allow SSL iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Block all other traffic iptables -A INPUT -j DROP Now when I list the rules I get... # iptables -L -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 DROP all -- any any anywhere anywhere state INVALID 9 612 ACCEPT all -- any any anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- any any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssh 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https 0 0 DROP all -- any any anywhere anywhere Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 5 packets, 644 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination I ran it and I can still log in, so that's good. Anyone notice anything major out of wack?

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