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• Building "isolated" and "automatically updated" caches (java.util.List) in Java.

  - by Aidos

  Hi Guys, I am trying to write a framework which contains a lot of short-lived caches created from a long-living cache. These short-lived caches need to be able to return their entier contents, which is a clone from the original long-living cache. Effectively what I am trying to build is a level of transaction isolation for the short-lived caches. The user should be able to modify the contents of the short-lived cache, but changes to the long-living cache should not be propogated through (there is also a case where the changes should be pushed through, depending on the Cache type). I will do my best to try and explain: master-cache contains: [A,B,C,D,E,F] temporary-cache created with state [A,B,C,D,E,F] 1) temporary-cache adds item G: [A,B,C,D,E,F] 2) temporary-cache removes item B: [A,C,D,E,F] master-cache contains: [A,B,C,D,E,F] 3) master-cache adds items [X,Y,Z]: [A,B,C,D,E,F,X,Y,Z] temporary-cache contains: [A,C,D,E,F] Things get even harder when the values in the items can change and shouldn't always be updated (so I can't even share the underlying object instances, I need to use clones). I have implemented the simple approach of just creating a new instance of the List using the standard Collection constructor on ArrayList, however when you get out to about 200,000 items the system just runs out of memory. I know the value of 200,000 is excessive to iterate, but I am trying to stress my code a bit. I had thought that it might be able to somehow "proxy" the list, so the temporary-cache uses the master-cache, and stores all of it's changes (effectively a Memento for the change), however that quickly becomes a nightmare when you want to iterate the temporary-cache, or retrieve an item at a specific index. Also given that I want some modifications to the contents of the list to come through (depending on the type of the temporary-cache, whether it is "auto-update" or not) and I get completly out of my depth. Any pointers to techniques or data-structures or just general concepts to try and research will be greatly appreciated. Cheers, Aidos

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• Recursive templates: compilation error under g++

  - by Johannes

  Hi, I am trying to use templates recursively to define (at compile-time) a d-tuple of doubles. The code below compiles fine with Visual Studio 2010, but g++ fails and complains that it "cannot call constructor 'point<1::point' directly". Could anyone please shed some light on what is going on here? Many thanks, Jo #include <iostream> #include <utility> using namespace std; template <const int N> class point { private: pair<double, point<N-1> > coordPointPair; public: point() { coordPointPair.first = 0; coordPointPair.second.point<N-1>::point(); } }; template<> class point<1> { private: double coord; public: point() { coord= 0; } }; int main() { point<5> myPoint; return 0; }

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• How to find all initializations of instance variables in a Java package?

  - by Hank Gay

  I'm in the midst of converting a legacy app to Spring. As part of the transition, we're converting our service classes from an "instantiate new ones whenever you need one" style to a Springleton style, so I need a way to make sure they don't have any state. I'm comfortable on the *nix command-line, and I have access to IntelliJ (this strikes me as a good fit for Structural Search and Replace, if I could figure out how to use it), and I could track down an Eclipse install, if that would help. I just want to make absolutely sure I've found all the possible problems. UPDATE: Sorry for the confusion. I don't have a problem finding places where the old constructor was being called. What I'm looking for is a "bullet-proof" why to search all 100+ service classes for any sort of internal state. The most obvious one I could think of (and the only one I've really found so far) is cases where we use memoization in the classes, so they have instance variables that get initialized internally instead of via Spring. This means that when the same Springleton gets used for different requests, data can leak between them. Thanks.

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• How to use StructureMap to inject repository classes to the controller?

  - by Lorenzo

  In the current application I am working on I have a custom ControllerFactory class that create a controller and automatically sets the Elmah ErrorHandler. public class BaseControllerFactory : DefaultControllerFactory { public override IController CreateController( RequestContext requestContext, string controllerName ) { var controller = base.CreateController( requestContext, controllerName ); var c = controller as Controller; if ( c != null ) { c.ActionInvoker = new ErrorHandlingActionInvoker( new HandleErrorWithElmahAttribute() ); } return controller; } protected override IController GetControllerInstance( RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType ) { try { if ( ( requestContext == null ) || ( controllerType == null ) ) return base.GetControllerInstance( requestContext, controllerType ); return (Controller)ObjectFactory.GetInstance( controllerType ); } catch ( StructureMapException ) { System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine( ObjectFactory.WhatDoIHave() ); throw new Exception( ObjectFactory.WhatDoIHave() ); } } } I would like to use StructureMap to inject some code in my controllers. For example I would like to automatically inject repository classes in them. I have already created my repository classes and also I have added a constructor to the controller that receive the repository class public FirmController( IContactRepository contactRepository ) { _contactRepository = contactRepository; } I have then registered the type within StructureMap ObjectFactory.Initialize( x => { x.For<IContactRepository>().Use<MyContactRepository>(); }); How should I change the code in the CreateController method to have the IContactRepository concrete class injected in the FirmController? EDIT: I have changed the BaseControllerFactory to use Structuremap. But I get an exception on the line return (Controller)ObjectFactory.GetInstance( controllerType ); Any hint?

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• EF4 + STE: Reattaching via a WCF Service? Using a new objectcontext each and every time?

  - by Martin

  Hi there, I am planning to use WCF (not ria) in conjunction with Entity Framework 4 and STE (Self tracking entitites). If i understnad this correctly my WCF should return an entity or collection of entities (using LIST for example and not IQueryable) to the client (in my case silverlight) The client then can change the entity or update it. At this point i believe it is self tracking???? This is where i sort of get a bit confused as there are a lot of reported problems with STEs not tracking.. Anyway... Then to update i just need to send back the entity to my WCF service on another method to do the update. I should be creating a new OBJECTCONTEXT everytime? In every method? If i am creaitng a new objectcontext everytime in everymethod on my WCF then don't i need to re-attach the STE to the objectcontext? So basically this alone wouldn't work?? using(var ctx = new MyContext()) { ctx.Orders.ApplyChanges(order); ctx.SaveChanges(); } Or should i be creating the object context once in the constructor of the WCF service so that 1 call and every additional call using the same wcf instance uses the same objectcontext? I could create and destroy the wcf service in each method call from the client - hence creating in effect a new objectcontext each time. I understand that it isn't a good idea to keep the objectcontext alive for very long. Any insight or information would be gratefully appreciated thanks

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• Selecting an option with given value

  - by Maven

  I am trying to select a particular option from a select list depending on the value, I have following markup: <select name="class" id="class"> <option value="1">679460ED-0B15-4ED9-B3C8-A8C276DF1C82</option> <option value="2">B99BF873-7DF0-4E7F-95FF-3F1FD1A26139</option> <option value="3">1DCD5AD7-F57C-414</option> <option value="4">6B0170AA-F044-4F9C-8BB8-31A51E452CE4</option> <option value="5">C6A8B</option> <option value="6">1BBD6FA4-335A-4D8F-8681-DFED317B8052</option> <option value="7">727D71AB-F7D1-4B83-9D6D-6BEEAAB</option> <option value="8">BC4DE8A2-C864-4C7C-B83C-EE2450AF11B1</option> <option value="9">AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM</option> <option value="10">POWER GENERATION SYSTEM</option> </select> <script> selectThisValue('#class',3); </script> in .js function selectThisValue(element,value) { console.log(value); var elem = $(element + ' option[value=' + value + ']'); console.log(elem); elem.attr("selected", "selected"); } Results for console.log are as follows: 3 [prevObject: i.fn.i.init[1], context: document, selector: "#class option[value=3]", jquery: "1.10.2", constructor: function…] But this is not working, no errors are given but nothing happens also. Please help identifying the where am I wrong.

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• How does one force construction of a global object in a statically linked library? [MSVC9]

  - by Peter C O Johansson

  I have a global list of function pointers. This list should be populated at startup. Order is not important and there are no dependencies that would complicate static initialization. To facilitate this, I've written a class that adds a single entry to this list in its constructor, and scatter global instances of this class via a macro where necessary. One of the primary goals of this approach is to remove the need for explicitly referencing every instance of this class externally, instead allowing each file that needs to register something in the list to do it independently. Nice and clean. However, when placing these objects in a static library, the linker discards (or rather never links in) these units because no code in them is explicitly referenced. Explicitly referencing symbols in the compilation units would be counterproductive, directly contradicting one of the main goals of the approach. For the same reason, /INCLUDE is not an acceptable option, and /OPT:NOREF is not actually related to this problem. Metrowerks has a __declspec directive for it, GCC has -force_load, but I cannot find any equivalent for MSVC.

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• How can I get swig to wrap a linked list-type structure?

  - by bk

  Here's what I take to be a pretty standard header for a list. Because the struct points to itself, we need this two-part declaration. Call it listicle.h: typedef struct _listicle listicle; struct _listicle{ int i; listicle *next; }; I'm trying to get swig to wrap this, so that the Python user can make use of the listicle struct. Here's what I have in listicle.i right now: %module listicle %{ #include "listicle.h" %} %include listicle.h %rename(listicle) _listicle; %extend listicle { listicle() {return malloc (sizeof(listicle));} } As you can tell by my being here asking, it doesn't work. All the various combinations I've tried each fail in their own special way. [This one: %extend defined for an undeclared class listicle. Change it to %extend _listicle (and fix the constructor) and loading in Python gives type object '_listicle' has no attribute '_listicle_swigregister'. And so on.] Suggestions?

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• Tilting web browser on windows phone 7

  - by marcus

  Hi guys, i'm working on a windows phone 7 emulator. I have a web browser which navigates to local host. So my problem i faced was that when i tilt the windows phone 7 emulator 90% right, the screen doesn't. Could there be any advice on how to do so? using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Net; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Documents; using System.Windows.Input; using System.Windows.Media; using System.Windows.Media.Animation; using System.Windows.Shapes; using Microsoft.Phone.Controls; namespace DSP { public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage { // Constructor public MainPage() { InitializeComponent(); } private void ContentPanel_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { MessageBox.Show("Loading website. This might take a few seconds..."); webBrowser1.Navigate(new Uri("http://localhost/Liweiyi_fyp_082648y/homepage.html", UriKind.Absolute)); } private void webBrowser1_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { } } }

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• VB.NET Two different approaches to generic cross-threaded operations; which is better?

  - by BASnappl

  VB.NET 2010, .NET 4 Hello, I recently read about using SynchronizationContext objects to control the execution thread for some code. I have been using a generic subroutine to handle (possibly) cross-thread calls for things like updating UI controls that utilizes Invoke. I'm an amateur and have a hard time understanding the pros and cons of any particular approach. I am looking for some insight on which approach might be preferable and why. Update: This question is motivated, in part, by statements such as the following from the MSDN page on Control.InvokeRequired. An even better solution is to use the SynchronizationContext returned by SynchronizationContext rather than a control for cross-thread marshaling. Method 1: Public Sub InvokeControl(Of T As Control)(ByVal Control As T, ByVal Action As Action(Of T)) If Control.InvokeRequired Then Control.Invoke(New Action(Of T, Action(Of T))(AddressOf InvokeControl), New Object() {Control, Action}) Else Action(Control) End If End Sub Method 2: Public Sub UIAction(Of T As Control)(ByVal Control As T, ByVal Action As Action(Of Control)) SyncContext.Send(New Threading.SendOrPostCallback(Sub() Action(Control)), Nothing) End Sub Where SyncContext is a Threading.SynchronizationContext object defined in the constructor of my UI form: Public Sub New() InitializeComponent() SyncContext = WindowsFormsSynchronizationContext.Current End Sub Then, if I wanted to update a control (e.g., Label1) on the UI form, I would do: InvokeControl(Label1, Sub(x) x.Text = "hello") or UIAction(Label1, Sub(x) x.Text = "hello") So, what do y'all think? Is one way preferred or does it depend on the context? If you have the time, verbosity would be appreciated! Thanks in advance, Brian

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• Guru of the Week 2 no match for the operator==

  - by Adam

  From Guru of the Week 2. We have the function: string FindAddr(const list<Employee> l, string name) { for( list<Employee>::const_iterator i = l.begin(); i != l.end(); i++) { if( *i == name ) // here will be compilation error { return (*i).addr; } } return ""; } I added dummy Employee class to that: class Employee { string n; public: string addr; Employee(string name) : n(name) {} Employee() {} string name() const { return n; } operator string() { return n; } }; And got compilation error: error: no match for ‘operator==’ in ‘i.std::_List_iterator<_Tp>::operator* [with _Tp = Employee]() == name’ It works only if add operator== to Employee. But, Herb Sutter wrote that: The Employee class isn't shown, but for this to work it must either have a conversion to string or a conversion ctor taking a string. But Employee has a conversion function and conversion constructor as well. GCC version 4.4.3. Compiled normally, g++ file.cpp without any flags. There should be implicit conversion and it should work, why it doesn't?

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• Breaking dependencies when you can't make changes to other files?

  - by codemuncher

  I'm doing some stealth agile development on a project. The lead programmer sees unit testing, refactoring, etc as a waste of resources and there is no way to convince him otherwise. His philosophy is "If it ain't broke don't fix it" and I understand his point of view. He's been working on the project for over a decade and knows the code inside and out. I'm not looking to debate development practices. I'm new to the project and I've been tasked with adding a new feature. I've worked on legacy projects before and used agile development practices with good result but those teams were more receptive to the idea and weren't afraid of making changes to code. I've been told I can use whatever development methodology I want but I have to limit my changes to only those necessary to add the feature. I'm using tdd for the new classes I'm writing but I keep running into road blocks caused by the liberal use of global variables and the high coupling in the classes I need to interact with. Normally I'd start extracting interfaces for these classes and make their dependence on the global variables explicit by injecting them as constructor arguments or public properties. I could argue that the changes are necessary but considering the lead never had to make them I doubt he would see it my way. What techniques can I use to break these dependencies without ruffling the lead developer's feathers? I've made some headway using: Extract Interface (for the new classes I'm creating) Extend and override the wayward classes with test stubs. (luckily most methods are public virtual) But these two can only get me so far.

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• How do I use an index in an array reference as a method reference in Perl?

  - by Robert P

  Similar to this question about iterating over subroutine references, and as a result of answering this question about a OO dispatch table, I was wondering how to call a method reference inside a reference, without removing it first, or if it was even possible. For example: package Class::Foo; use 5.012; #Yay autostrict! use warnings; # a basic constructor for illustration purposes.... sub new { my $class = shift; return bless {}, $class; } # some subroutines for flavor... sub sub1 { say 'in sub 1' } sub sub2 { say 'in sub 2' } sub sub3 { say 'in sub 3' } # and a way to dynamically load the tests we're running... sub sublist { my $self = shift; return [ $self->can('sub1'); $self->can('sub3'}; $self->can('sub2'); ]; } package main; my $instance = Class::Foo->new(a => 1, b => 2, c => 3); my $tests = $instance->sublist(); my $index = int(rand($#{$tests})); # <-- HERE So, at HERE, we could do: my $ref = $tests->{$index}; $instance->$ref(); but how would we do this, without removing the reference first?

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• Generic Class Vb.net

  - by KoolKabin

  hi guys, I am stuck with a problem about generic classes. I am confused how I call the constructor with parameters. My interface: Public Interface IDBObject Sub [Get](ByRef DataRow As DataRow) Property UIN() As Integer End Interface My Child Class: Public Class User Implements IDBObject Public Sub [Get](ByRef DataRow As System.Data.DataRow) Implements IDBObject.Get End Sub Public Property UIN() As Integer Implements IDBObject.UIN Get End Get Set(ByVal value As Integer) End Set End Property End Class My Next Class: Public Class Users Inherits DBLayer(Of User) #Region " Standard Methods " #End Region End Class My DBObject Class: Public Class DBLayer(Of DBObject As {New, IDBObject}) Public Shared Function GetData() As List(Of DBObject) Dim QueryString As String = "SELECT * ***;" Dim Dataset As DataSet = New DataSet() Dim DataList As List(Of DBObject) = New List(Of DBObject) Try Dataset = Query(QueryString) For Each DataRow As DataRow In Dataset.Tables(0).Rows **DataList.Add(New DBObject(DataRow))** Next Catch ex As Exception DataList = Nothing End Try Return DataList End Function End Class I get error in the starred area of the DBLayer Object. What might be the possible reason? what can I do to fix it? I even want to add New(byval someval as datatype) in IDBObject interface for overloading construction. but it also gives an error? how can i do it? Adding Sub New(ByVal DataRow As DataRow) in IDBObject producess following error 'Sub New' cannot be declared in an interface. Error Produced in DBLayer Object line: DataList.Add(New DBObject(DataRow)) Msg: Arguments cannot be passed to a 'New' used on a type parameter.

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• Any problems with this C++ const reference accessor interface idiom?

  - by mskfisher

  I was converting a struct to a class so I could enforce a setter interface for my variables. I did not want to change all of the instances where the variable was read, though. So I converted this: struct foo_t { int x; float y; }; to this: class foo_t { int _x; float _y; public: foot_t() : x(_x), y(_y) { set(0, 0.0); } const int &x; const float &y; set(int x, float y) { _x = x; _y = y; } }; I'm interested in this because it seems to model C#'s idea of public read-only properties. Compiles fine, and I haven't seen any problems yet. Besides the boilerplate of associating the const references in the constructor, what are the downsides to this method? Any strange aliasing issues? Why haven't I seen this idiom before?

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• Generics in return types of static methods and inheritance

  - by Axel

  Generics in return types of static methods do not seem to get along well with inheritance. Please take a look at the following code: class ClassInfo<C> { public ClassInfo(Class<C> clazz) { this(clazz,null); } public ClassInfo(Class<C> clazz, ClassInfo<? super C> superClassInfo) { } } class A { public static ClassInfo<A> getClassInfo() { return new ClassInfo<A>(A.class); } } class B extends A { // Error: The return type is incompatible with A.getClassInfo() public static ClassInfo<B> getClassInfo() { return new ClassInfo<B>(B.class, A.getClassInfo()); } } I tried to circumvent this by changing the return type for A.getClassInfo(), and now the error pops up at another location: class ClassInfo<C> { public ClassInfo(Class<C> clazz) { this(clazz,null); } public ClassInfo(Class<C> clazz, ClassInfo<? super C> superClassInfo) { } } class A { public static ClassInfo<? extends A> getClassInfo() { return new ClassInfo<A>(A.class); } } class B extends A { public static ClassInfo<? extends B> getClassInfo() { // Error: The constructor ClassInfo<B>(Class<B>, ClassInfo<capture#1-of ? extends A>) is undefined return new ClassInfo<B>(B.class, A.getClassInfo()); } } What is the reason for this strict checking on static methods? And how can I get along? Changing the method name seems awkward.

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• PhotoChooserTask + Navigation.

  - by user562405

  I taken two Images & added event (MouseButtonDown) for them. When first image handles event to open Gallery. Second image handles events for open camera. When user has choosed his image from the gallery, I want to navigate to next page. Its navigates. But before completing navigation process, it displays MainPage & then moves toward next page. I didnt want to display the MainPage once user chooses the image from the gallery. Plz help. Thanks in advance. public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage { PhotoChooserTask objPhotoChooser; CameraCaptureTask cameraCaptureTask; // Constructor public MainPage() { InitializeComponent(); objPhotoChooser = new PhotoChooserTask(); objPhotoChooser.Completed += new EventHandler<PhotoResult>(objPhotoChooser_Completed); cameraCaptureTask = new CameraCaptureTask(); cameraCaptureTask.Completed += new EventHandler<PhotoResult>(objCameraCapture_Completed); } void objPhotoChooser_Completed(object sender, PhotoResult e) { if (e != null && e.TaskResult == TaskResult.OK) { //Take JPEG stream and decode into a WriteableBitmap object App.CapturedImage = PictureDecoder.DecodeJpeg(e.ChosenPhoto); //Delay navigation until the first navigated event NavigationService.Navigated += new NavigatedEventHandler(navigateCompleted); } } void navigateCompleted(object sender, EventArgs e) { //Do the delayed navigation from the main page this.NavigationService.Navigate(new Uri("/ImageViewer.xaml", UriKind.RelativeOrAbsolute)); NavigationService.Navigated -= new NavigatedEventHandler(navigateCompleted); } void objCameraCapture_Completed(object sender, PhotoResult e) { if (e.TaskResult == TaskResult.OK) { //Take JPEG stream and decode into a WriteableBitmap object App.CapturedImage = PictureDecoder.DecodeJpeg(e.ChosenPhoto); //Delay navigation until the first navigated event NavigationService.Navigated += new NavigatedEventHandler(navigateCompleted); } } protected override void OnBackKeyPress(System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e) { e.Cancel = true; } private void image1_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) { objPhotoChooser.Show(); } private void image2_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) { cameraCaptureTask.Show(); }

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• Designing a chain of states

  - by devoured elysium

  I want to model a kind of FSM(Finite State Machine). I have a sequence of states (let's say, from StateA to StateZ). This sequence is called a Chain and is implemented internally as a List. I will add states by the order I want them to run. My purpose is to be able to make a sequence of actions in my computer (for example, mouse clicks). (I know this has been done a zillion times). So a state is defined as a: boolean Precondition() <- Checks to see if for this state, some condition is true. For example, if I want to click in the Record button of a program, in this method I would check if the program's process is running or not. If it is, go to the next state in the chain list, otherwise, go to what was defined as the fail state (generally is the first state of them all). IState GetNextState() <- Returns the next state to evaluate. If Precondition() was sucessful, it should yield the next state in the chain otherwise it should yield the fail state. Run() Simply checks the Precondition() and sets the internal data so GetNextState() works as expected. So, a naive approach to this would be something like this: Chain chain = new Chain(); //chain.AddState(new State(Precondition, FailState, NextState) <- Method structure chain.AddState(new State(new WinampIsOpenCondition(), null, new <problem here, I want to referr to a state that still wasn't defined!>); The big problem is that I want to make a reference to a State that at this point still wasn't defined. I could circumvent the problem by using strings when refrering to states and using an internal hashtable, but isn't there a clearer alternative? I could just pass only the pre-condition and failure states in the constructor, having the chain just before execution put in each state the correct next state in a public property but that seems kind of awkward.

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• Define an empty array in Perl class new()

  - by Laimoncijus

  Hi, I am just beginner with Perl, so if it sounds stupid - sorry for that :) My problem is - I am trying to write a class, which has an empty array, defined in constructor of a class. So I am doing this like this: package MyClass; use strict; sub new { my ($C) = @_; my $self = { items => () }; bless $self, ref $C || $C; } sub get { return $_[0]->{items}; } 1; Later I am testing my class with simple script: use strict; use Data::Dumper; use MyClass; my $o = MyClass->new(); my @items = $o->get(); print "length = ", scalar(@items), "\n", Dumper(@items); And while running the script I get following: $ perl my_test.pl length = 1 $VAR1 = undef; Why am I doing wrong what causes that I get my items array filled with undef? Maybe someone could show me example how the class would need to be defined so I would not get any default values in my array? Thanks!

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• XNA: What can cause SpriteBatch.End() to throw a NRE?

  - by Rosarch

  I don't understand what I'm doing wrong here: public void Draw(GameTime gameTime) // in ScreenManager { SpriteBatch.Begin(SpriteBlendMode.AlphaBlend); for (int i = 0; i < Screens.Count; i++) { if (Screens[i].State == Screen.ScreenState.HIDDEN) continue; Screens[i].Draw(gameTime); } SpriteBatch.End(); // null ref exception } SpriteBatch itself is not null. Some more context: public class MasterEngine : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { public MasterEngine() { graphicsDeviceManager = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Components.Add(new GamerServicesComponent(this)); // ... spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(graphicsDeviceManager.GraphicsDevice); screenManager = new ScreenManager(assets, gameEngine, graphicsDeviceManager.GraphicsDevice, spriteBatch); } //... protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { screenManager.Draw(gameTime); // calls the problematic method base.Draw(gameTime); } } Am I failing to initialize something properly? UPDATE: As an experiment, I tried this to the constructor of MasterEngine: spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(graphicsDeviceManager.GraphicsDevice); spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.DrawString(assets.GetAsset<SpriteFont>("calibri"), "ftw", new Vector2(), Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); This does not cause a NRE. hmm.... UPDATE 2: This does cause an NRE: protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.End(); // boned here //screenManager.Draw(gameTime); base.Draw(gameTime); }

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• What are the original reasons for ToString() in Java and .NET?

  - by d.

  I've used ToString() modestly in the past and I've found it very useful in many circumstances. However, my usage of this method would hardly justify to put this method in none other than System.Object. My wild guess is that, at some point during the work carried out and meetings held to come up with the initial design of the .NET framework, it was decided that it was necessary - or at least extremely useful - to include a ToString() method that would be implemented by everything in the .NET framework. Does anyone know what the exact reasons were? Am I missing a ton of situations where ToString() proves useful enough as to be part of System.Object? What were the original reasons for ToString()? Thanks a lot! PS - Again: I'm not questioning the method or implying that it's not useful, I'm just curious to know what makes it SO useful as to be placed in System.Object. Side note - Imagine this: AnyDotNetNativeClass someInitialObject = new AnyDotNetNativeClass([some constructor parameters]); AnyDotNetNativeClass initialObjectFullCopy = AnyDotNetNativeClass.FromString(someInitialObject.ToString()); Wouldn't this be cool? EDIT(1): (A) - Based on some answers, it seems that .NET languages inherited this from Java. So, I'm adding "Java" to the subject and to the tags as well. If someone knows the reasons why this was implemented in Java then please shed some light! (B) - Static hypothetical FromString vs Serialization: sure, but that's quite a different story, right?

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• C# wrapper for objects

  - by Haggai

  I'm looking for a way to create a generic wrapper for any object. The wrapper object will behave just like the class it wraps, but will be able to have more properties, variable, methods etc., for e.g. object counting, caching etc. Say the wrapper class be called Wrapper, and the class to be wrapped be called Square and has the constructor Square(double edge_len) and the properties/methods EdgeLength and Area, I would like to use it as follows: Wrapper<Square> mySquare = new Wrapper<Square>(2.5); /* or */ new Square(2.5); Console.Write("Edge {0} -> Area {1}", mySquare.EdgeLength, mySquare.Area); Obviously I can create such a wrapper class for each class I want to wrap, but I'm looking for a general solution, i.e. Wrapper<T> which can handle both primitive and compound types (although in my current situation I would be happy with just wrapping my own classes). Suggestions? Thanks.

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• How to retrieve data from a dialog box?

  - by Ralph

  Just trying to figure out an easy way to either pass or share some data between the main window and a dialog box. I've got a collection of variables in my main window that I want to pass to a dialog box so that they can be edited. They way I've done it now, is I pass in the list to the constructor of the dialog box: private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { var window = new VariablesWindow(_templateVariables); window.Owner = this; window.ShowDialog(); if(window.DialogResult == true) _templateVariables = new List<Variable>(window.Variables); } And then in there, I guess I need to deep-copy the list, public partial class VariablesWindow : Window { public ObservableCollection<Variable> Variables { get; set; } public VariablesWindow(IEnumerable<Variable> vars) { Variables = new ObservableCollection<Variable>(vars); // ... So that when they're edited, it doesn't get reflected back in the main window until the user actually hits "Save". Is that the correct approach? If so, is there an easy way to deep-copy an ObservableCollection? Because as it stands now, I think my Variables are being modified because it's only doing a shallow-copy.

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• Organising UI code in .NET forms

  - by sb3700

  Hi I'm someone who has taught myself programming, and haven't had any formal training in .NET programming. A while back, I started C# in order to develop a GUI program to control sensors, and the project has blossomed. I was just wondering how best to organise the code, particularly UI code, in my forms. My forms currently are a mess, or at least seem a mess to me. I have a constructor which initialises all the parameters and creates events. I have a giant State property, which updates the Enabled state of all my form control as users progress through the application (ie: disconnected, connected, setup, scanning) controlled by a States enum. I have 3-10 private variables accessed through properties, some of which have side-effects in changing the values of form elements. I have a lot of "UpdateXXX" functions to handle UI elements that depend on other UI elements - ie: if a sensor is changed, then change the baud rate drop down list. They are separated into regions I have a lot of events calling these Update functions I have a background worker which does all the scanning and analysis. My problem is this seems like a mess, particularly the State property, and is getting unmaintainable. Also, my application logic code and UI code are in the same file and to some degree, intermingled which seems wrong and means I need to do a lot of scrolling to find what I need. How do you structure your .net forms? Thanks

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• Cannot make a static reference to the non-static type MyRunnable

  - by kaiwii ho

  Here is the whole code : import java.util.ArrayList; public class Test{ ThreadLocal<ArrayList<E>>arraylist=new ThreadLocal<ArrayList<E>>(){ @Override protected ArrayList<E> initialValue() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //return super.initialValue(); ArrayList<E>arraylist=new ArrayList<E>(); for(int i=0;i<=20;i++) arraylist.add((E) new Integer(i)); return arraylist; } }; class MyRunnable implements Runnable{ private Test mytest; public MyRunnable(Test test){ mytest=test; // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } @Override public void run() { System.out.println("before"+mytest.arraylist.toString()); ArrayList<E>myarraylist=(ArrayList<E>) mytest.arraylist.get(); myarraylist.add((E) new Double(Math.random())); mytest.arraylist.set(myarraylist); System.out.println("after"+mytest.arraylist.toString()); } // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public static void main(String[] args){ Test test=new Test<Double>(); System.out.println(test.arraylist.toString()); new Thread(new MyRunnable(test)).start(); new Thread(new MyRunnable(test)).start(); System.out.println(arraylist.toString()); } } my questions are: 1\ why the new Thread(new MyRunnable(test)).start(); cause the error: Cannot make a static reference to the non-static type MyRunnable ? 2\ what is the static reference refer to right here? thx in advanced

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