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• What type of career path / jobs for a developer to have best work life balance?

  - by programmx10

  I know some people may look down on a question like this but I've been thinking lately a lot about what direction I can take my career to have a good work life balance, since I have been working for a startup where hours tend to drag on, etc and I find it often drains the life out of me. I have been going to interviews and some other companies are also startups / new companies and seem to have a similar attitude about working long hours. Maybe its the technologies I use, the type of development, I don't know but I'm curious if anyone can offer advice on what a path is to be a programmer / developer but work for a company that respects a regular work week and would only rarely find the need to move past this. I realize this won't lead to being the highest paid in my field but I'm ok with that and feel the tradeoff would be worth it as it would also give me time for my own projects, etc. I know some people may say this is too general but I believe it is a programmer specific question because I believe there tends to be a higher than average rate of working overtime, etc and people working in "startup" venture situations than in many other fields and there is definitely a mindset among a lot of people in the field of working long hours that doesn't exist in every industry.

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• What are the consequences of immutable classes with references to mutable classes?

  - by glenviewjeff

  I've recently begun adopting the best practice of designing my classes to be immutable per Effective Java [Bloch2008]. I have a series of interrelated questions about degrees of mutability and their consequences. I have run into situations where a (Java) class I implemented is only "internally immutable" because it uses references to other mutable classes. In this case, the class under development appears from the external environment to have state. Do any of the benefits (see below) of immutable classes hold true even by only "internally immutable" classes? Is there an accepted term for the aforementioned "internal mutability"? Wikipedia's immutable object page uses the unsourced term "deep immutability" to describe an object whose references are also immutable. Is the distinction between mutability and side-effect-ness/state important? Josh Bloch lists the following benefits of immutable classes: are simple to construct, test, and use are automatically thread-safe and have no synchronization issues do not need a copy constructor do not need an implementation of clone allow hashCode to use lazy initialization, and to cache its return value do not need to be copied defensively when used as a field make good Map keys and Set elements (these objects must not change state while in the collection) have their class invariant established once upon construction, and it never needs to be checked again always have "failure atomicity" (a term used by Joshua Bloch) : if an immutable object throws an exception, it's never left in an undesirable or indeterminate state

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• Optimizing MySQL -

  - by Josh

  I've been researching how to optimize MySQL a bit, but I still have a few questions. MySQL Primer Results http://pastie.org/private/lzjukl8wacxfjbjhge6vw Based on this, the first problem seems to be that the max_connections limit is too low. I had a similar problem with Apache initially, the max connection limit was set to 100, and the web server would frequently lock up and take an excruciatingly long time to deliver pages. Raising the connection limit to 512 fixed this issue, and I read that raising the connection limit on MySQL to match this was considered good practice. Being that MySQL has actually been "locking up" recently as well (connections have been refused entirely for a few minutes at a time at random intervals) I'm assuming this is the main cause of the issue. However, as far as table cache goes, I'm not sure what I should set this as. I've read that setting this too high can hinder performance further, so should I raise this to right around 551, 560, 600, or do something else? Lastly, as far as raising the join_buffer_size value goes, this doesn't even seem to be included in Debian's my.cnf file by default. Assuming there's not much I can do about adding indexes, should I look into raising this? Any suggested values? Any suggestions in general here would be appreciated as well. Edit: Here's the number of open tables the MySQL server is reporting. I believe this value is related to my question (Opened_tables: 22574)

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• Using XML as data storage

  - by Kian Mayne

  I was thinking about the XML format and the following quote: “XML is not a database. It was never meant to be a database. It is never going to be a database. Relational databases are proven technology with more than 20 years of implementation experience. They are solid, stable, useful products. They are not going away. XML is a very useful technology for moving data between different databases or between databases and other programs. However, it is not itself a database. Don't use it like one.“ -Effective XML: 50 Specific Ways to Improve Your XML by Elliotte Rusty Harold (page 230, Part 4, Item 41, 2nd paragraph) This seems to really stress that XML should not be used for data storage and should only be used for program to program interoperability. Personally, I disagree and .NET's app.config file that's used to store a program's settings is an example of data storage in an XML file. However for databases rather than configurations etc XML should not be used. To develop my point, I will use two examples: A) Data about customers with fields that are all on one level i.e. there are a number of fields all relating to one customer with no children B) Data about configuration of an application where nested fields and properties make a lot of sense So my question is, Is this still a valid statement and is it now acceptable to store data using XML? EDIT: I've sent an email to the author of that quote to ask for his input/extra context.

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• What defines code readability?

  - by zxcdw

  It is often said that readability is perhaps the most important quality-defining measure of a given piece of code for reasons concerning maintainability, ease of understanding and use. What defines the word readable in context of program source code? What kind of definitive aspects are there to code readability? I would be grateful with code examples of readable code, along with reasoning why it is readable.

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• Compute if a function is pure

  - by Oni

  As per Wikipedia: In computer programming, a function may be described as pure if both these statements about the function hold: The function always evaluates the same result value given the same argument value(s). The function result value cannot depend on any hidden information or state that may change as program execution proceeds or between different executions of the program, nor can it depend on any external input from I/O devices. Evaluation of the result does not cause any semantically observable side effect or output, such as mutation of mutable objects or output to I/O devices. I am wondering if it is possible to write a function that compute if a function is pure or not. Example code in Javascript: function sum(a,b) { return a+b; } function say(x){ console.log(x); } isPure(sum) // True isPure(say) // False

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• Resources for improving your comprehension of recursion?

  - by Andrew M

  I know what recursion is (when a patten reoccurs within itself, typically a function that calls itself on one of its lines, after a breakout conditional... right?), and I can understand recursive functions if I study them closely. My problem is, when I see new examples, I'm always initially confused. If I see a loop, or a mapping, zipping, nesting, polymorphic calling, and so on, I know what's going just by looking at it. When I see recursive code, my thought process is usually 'wtf is this?' followed by 'oh it's recursive' followed by 'I guess it must work, if they say it does.' So do you have any tips/plans/resources for building up your skills in this area? Recursion is kind of a wierd concept so I'm thinking the way to tackle it may be equally wierd and inobvious.

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• Handling permissions in a MVP application

  - by Chathuranga

  In a windows forms payroll application employing MVP pattern (for a small scale client) I'm planing user permission handling as follows (permission based) as basically its implementation should be less complicated and straight forward. NOTE : System could be simultaneously used by few users (maximum 3) and the database is at the server side. This is my UserModel. Each user has a list of permissions given for them. class User { string UserID { get; set; } string Name { get; set; } string NIC {get;set;} string Designation { get; set; } string PassWord { get; set; } List <string> PermissionList = new List<string>(); bool status { get; set; } DateTime EnteredDate { get; set; } } When user login to the system it will keep the current user in memory. For example in BankAccountDetailEntering view I control the controller permission as follows. public partial class BankAccountDetailEntering : Form { bool AccountEditable {get; set;} private void BankAccountDetailEntering_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { cmdEditAccount.enabled = false; OnLoadForm (sender, e); // Event fires... If (AccountEditable ) { cmdEditAccount.enabled=true; } } } In this purpose my all relevant presenters (like BankAccountDetailPresenter) should aware of UserModel as well in addition to the corresponding business Model it is presenting to the View. class BankAccountDetailPresenter { BankAccountDetailEntering _View; BankAccount _Model; User _UserModel; DataService _DataService; BankAccountDetailPresenter( BankAccountDetailEntering view, BankAccount model, User userModel, DataService dataService ) { _View=view; _Model = model; _UserModel = userModel; _DataService = dataService; WireUpEvents(); } private void WireUpEvents() { _View.OnLoadForm += new EventHandler(_View_OnLoadForm); } private void _View_OnLoadForm(Object sender, EventArgs e) { foreach(string s in _UserModel.PermissionList) { If( s =="CanEditAccount") { _View.AccountEditable =true; return; } } } public Show() { _View.ShowDialog(); } } So I'm handling the user permissions in the presenter iterating through the list. Should this be performed in the Presenter or View? Any other more promising ways to do this? Thanks.

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• Is it OK to have multiple asserts in a single unit test?

  - by Restuta

  I think that there are some cases when multiple assertions are needed (e.g. Guard Assertion), but in general I try to avoid this. What is your opinion? Please provide a real word examples when multiple asserts are really needed. Thanks! Edit In the comment to this great post Roy Osherove pointed to the OAPT project that is designed to run each assert in a single test. This is written on projects home page: Proper unit tests should fail for exactly one reason, that’s why you should be using one assert per unit test. And also Roy wrote in comments: My guideline is usually that you test one logical CONCEPT per test. you can have multiple asserts on the same object. they will usually be the same concept being tested.

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• Advice for beginner programmer

  - by user3461957

  I am beginner in software development. I noticed when I try to learn one technology let's say .NET I loose my grip over other for example Java. I thought it would be better to concentrate on one technology either Java or .NET to make significant advancement and be an expert, because they can be many details which one can ignore when keeps on changing between technologies. Is my decision right? Do experts choose this approach? Update: Should I pursue my career knowing one technology or not?

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• Where should SQL/DB Queries be encapsulated in a software system?

  - by Stephen Bennet

  I frequently write small applications (either web based or otherwise) that require heavy database usage. i've attempted various ways of handling where to put the actual sql queries (sort of ad-hoc ORM systems). These include: Models that build themselves up - and only allowing SQL to be inside of a model. A sort of factory style method where the models are built by a factory class that is allowed to know about SQL. A third entity that maps models based on their fields/keys into the database and generates SQL code on the fly based on this. Is there a common knowledge of which method is best? Or another way I have missed? Clearly a lot of it will be based on the context of the system itself, which for me is usually to produce lightweight tools or utility frameworks. In experimenting, I've never found any of them that feel intuitively "right" and not clunky, but I also do not want to go for a full framework such as Django or Ruby - both because the tools I create are in a variety of languages and because they usually do not warrant that level of surrounding footprint.

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• Convince developer to use IDE

  - by artjom

  There is a developer, lets call him John (currently on probationary period) in company(pretty small company approx. 10 persons, 3 developers, one of them works long in this company know business process around and can be consider as Team leader) who didn't want to use any IDE at all(he is using some text editor). Application this team working on is medium size Java application with Spring Hibernate technology stack and refactoring/adding new features to launch new version of that application in near future. John performance working without IDE on this application is lower then desirable, team leader's (lets call him Bill) assumption is this happens because John is not using IDE. Bill try to persuade John to use IDE, but this idea meets a lot of resistance and main reason is "I want to be in total control of what I am doing, so I need to write all code by myself". How can Bill convince John to try to use IDE? (considering the fact what Bill already protected John from company owner several complaints about John performance)

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• What do you do when you realize your job requires you to do something out of your depth?

  - by Billy ONeal

  For a large software project recently, I was really out of my depth. And I did actually know this; and that the only reason I was employed was mostly a lack of other qualified candidates. The job was to build a large application on top of PHP/MySQL, a system I had little experience with. (I did advise the employer of this beforehand -- I've been spoiled by C# ASP.NET/MVC and MSSQL Server) The main reason I applied was location, location, location -- on campus jobs which actually have any programming component are relatively rare. For almost a year and a half I've slogged through this, and I think I can say I know (at least somewhat) what I'm doing now. I've made some mistakes, torn out some hair, and moved on. (I'm still working on this system nowadays, but I no longer feel completely lost) In the future though, I'd like to keep my personal and professional self a little healthier than what occurred in this case. So I'm curious -- what's the best way to handle a situation like this?

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• C++ Library API Design

  - by johannes

  I'm looking for a good resource for learning about good API design for C++ libraries, looking at shared objects/dlls etc. There are many resources on writing nice APIs, nice classes, templates and so on at source level, but barely anything about putting things together in shared libs and executables. Books like Large-Scale C++ Software Design by John Lakos are interesting but massively outdated. What I'm looking for is advice i.e. on handling templates. With templates in my API I often end up with library code in my executable (or other library) so if I fix a bug in there I can't simply roll out the new library but have to recompile and redistribute all clients of that code. (and yes, I know some solutions like trying to instantiate at least the most common versions inside the library etc.) I'm also looking for other caveats and things to mind for keeping binary compatibility while working on C++ libraries. Is there a good website or book on such things?

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• What resources do you recommend for learning more about TCP/IP, networking, and related areas?

  - by mkelley33

  As a relatively-new Python programmer, I'm finding more and more that networking as it relates to the web and web development is becoming increasingly important to understand. When I was an active C# ASP.NET programmer making smaller websites with less responsibility this knowledge seemed less important, since there was often a "networking" guy performing any tasks beyond acquiring a domain name for a client. Which books, websites, presentations, articles, or other resources would you recommend so that I best understand what's happening between the time a user types a URL and receives the rendered HTML? Thanks!

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• If I define a property to prototype appears in the constructor of object, why?

  - by Eduard Florinescu

  I took the example from this question modified a bit: What is the point of the prototype method? function employee(name,jobtitle,born) { this.name=name; this.jobtitle=jobtitle; this.born=born; this.status="single" } employee.prototype.salary=10000000; var fred=new employee("Fred Flintstone","Caveman",1970); console.log(fred.salary); fred.salary=20000; console.log(fred.salary) And the output in console is this: What is the difference salary is in constructor but I still can access it with fred.salary, how can I see if is in constructor from code, status is still employee property how can I tell for example if name is the one of employee or has been touch by initialization? Why is salary in constructor, when name,jobtitle,born where "touched" by employee("Fred Flintstone","Caveman",1970); «constructor»?

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• Which is better : Storing/retrieving images on/from SQL server or in a directory on server

  - by Pankaj Upadhyay

  I am working on a project in Asp.net MVC and need to work with images. There is an SQL database with a Product table. Every product in the table will have it's own image. I have two ways to do this : 1) Save the image in a web directory and store the URL on database. 2) Store the image in SQL itself in binary format and then retrieve it. Which is a better approach ? Mind you, I have no idea how second method works :-P . I will only learn this if there are merits to the second method

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• Scrum: How to work on one story at a time

  - by Juergen

  I was nominated as scrum master in a new formed scrum team. We have already done some sprints. In the beginning I tried to make my team to work on one story at a time. But it didn't work. My team had difficulties to distribute the tasks in a way that they can work simultaneously on one story. Maybe we are doing something wrong? For example: we have a story to create a new dialog. We create the following tasks: Create Model classes Read model data from database Connect model classes with view Implement dialog handling Save data on close Test Documentation Solution Description Can theses tasks be done by more than one person at a time? The tasks - more or less - build upon each other. Or do we design the tasks in a wrong way?

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• Programming by dictation?

  - by Andrew M

  ie. you speak out the code, and someone else across the room types it in Anyone tried this? Obviously the person taking the dictation would need to be a coder too, so you didn't have to explain everything and go into tedious detail (not 'open bracket, new line...' but more like 'create a new class called myParser that takes three arguments, first one is...'). I thought of it because sometimes I'm too easily distracted at my computer. Surrounded by buttons, instant gratification a click away, the world at my fingertips. To get stuff done, I want to get away, write my code on paper. But that would mean losing access to necessary resources, and necessitate tedious typing-up later on. The solution? Dictate. Pros: no chance to check reddit, stackexchange, gmail, etc. code while you pace the room, lie down, play billiards, whatever train your brain to think more abstractedly (have to visualize things if you can't just see the screen) skip the tedious details (closing brackets etc.) the typist gets to shadow a more experienced programmer and learn how they work the typist can provide assistance/suggestions external pressure of typist expecting instructions, urging you to stay focussed Cons might be too hard might not work any better rather inefficient use of assisting programmer need to find/pay someone to do this

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• Does heavy library and snippet codes usage make you a bad programmer?

  - by Henrik P.

  Overall I'm in programming for about 8 years now and it seems to me that I'm relying more and more on open source libraries and snippets (damn you GitHub!) to "get the job done". I know that in time I could write me own implementation but I like to focus on the overall design. Is this normal (non cooperate environment)? Does it make you a bad programmer if "programming" is nothing more than cluing different libraries together. Feels like it. I know about "don't reinvent the wheel" but what happens when you don't invent a single wheel anymore. What's your take on this?

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• Why do you hate Java? Is it the language or the framework? [closed]

  - by zneak

  According to you all, Java is the third most-hated language here. The two other most hated languages are PHP and VBScript. (It's quite funny how they stand together on the podium.) I'd like to make it known that the question mostly addresses people who don't like Java. I assume here a number of subjective opinions as facts because they're usually considered true among people who don't like Java, and I don't want to be convinced otherwise here. If you're a Java enthusiast, you might find this question frustrating. It's never been made clear if people hate Java itself, or if they hate it because of the framework, or if it's a mixture of the two. On a side you have the language, where you have: the "everything should be an object" philosophy, even in instances where it should obviously be something else (event handlers I'm pointing you); checked exceptions; the idea that all logic should be presented as methods and properties is a big no-no; the fact that "closures" created by anonymous types only include final variables and arguments, but will allow write access to any member of the parent class; a few more. On the other side, you have the JDK, with... its load of inconsistencies and overengineering; monolithic class hierarchies; meaningless base exceptions like IOException (though other frameworks have similar exception hierarchies); sluggish responsiveness even with Swing; a few more. My question is, do you think that, if either one (Java or the JDK) was taken alone, and the other was dropped in favor of something else, the new combination would be better? For instance, if you could use the C# syntax with the JDK (adapting get*/set* methods into properties, and interfaces with only one method into delegates), or the Java syntax with the .NET Framework (doing the inverse transformations), would things get better in your opinion?

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• Inserting data to database from Android

  - by Angel

  I have to build an application where the requirement is that my clients will send data from their Android device and I have to save that data to a database. I have done the part of coding that inserts data from Android emulator to my XAMPP database on localhost, now I have to implement the real thing. How can I connect the devices where my application will be installed to the XAMPP database I have created so that the data they send can be inserted into it?

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• The use of Test-Driven Development in Non-Greenfield Projects?

  - by JHarley1

  So here is a question for you, having read some great answers to questions such as "Test-Driven Development - Convince Me". So my question is: "Can Test-Driven Development be used effectively on non-Greenfield projects?" To specify: I would really like to know if people have had experience in using TDD in projects where there was already non-TDD elements present? And the problems that they then faced.

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• Books for MCSD and advice

  - by Mahesha999

  Hi there I am thinking to get certification done for MCSD. http://www.microsoft.com/learning/en/us/certification/cert-mcsd-web-applications.aspx I did found the books for first exam 480 comprising CSS3, HTML5 and JavaScript. However I did not found books for other exams: 486: ASP.NET MVC 4.5 Apps - Will ASP.NET 4 books suffice for this? Should I also learn Web Forms though I have considerable part of it. 487: Windows Azure and Web Services - What book should I use? I seems that the syllabus is too huge and will take considerable time. Anyone suggesting any advice to complete such exams, since this is going to be my first such. How should I prepare? Should I give this exam? Will it help? Sorry I know I asked many questions here in one questions - a bad practice but the books-question is a big concern for me.

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• Constraint-based expert systems design and development [on hold]

  - by Alex B.

  I would appreciate some recommendations & resources on design and development of expert systems, in particular, knowledge-based & constraint-based (not recommendation) systems. Ideally, your answers should consider the perspective (context) of using a SaaS business model and open source rules engine. How would you advise to address performance, scalability and other architectural criteria? Any other considerations on undertaking such project will be appreciated. Thanks much in advance!

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