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• What language, or language feature, do you wish made it to the mainstream?

  - by Macneil

  Some languages in the past have been influential without ever reaching wide adoption. For example, many languages owe much to the design of Algol 68, even though few compilers were ever written for it. The Dylan language was killed by Apple but had a clean and interesting design. What other programming languages had cool ideas but-- for whatever reasons-- didn't make it to the mainstream? Is there an interesting language feature that you wish your main language had? Is there a feature ahead of its time that we'll soon see used?

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• How to write reusable code in node.js

  - by lortabac

  I am trying to understand how to design node.js applications, but it seems there is something I can't grasp about asynchronous programming. Let's say my application needs to access a database. In a synchronous environment I would implement a data access class with a read() method, returning an associative array. In node.js, because code is executed asynchronously, this method can't return a value, so, after execution, it will have to "do" something as a side effect. It will then contain some code which does something else than just reading data. Let's suppose I want to call this method multiple times, each time with a different success callback. Since the callback is included in the method itself, I can't find a clean way to do this without either duplicating the method or specifying all possible callbacks in a long switch statement. What is the proper way to handle this problem? Am I approaching it the wrong way?

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• One page using querystring or many folders and pages?

  - by ClarkeyBoy

  I have an application where I have the 'core' code in one folder for which there is a virtual directory in the root, such that I can include any core files using /myApp/core/bla.asp. I then have two folders outside of this with a default.asp which currently use the querystring to define what page should be displayed. One page is for general users, the other will only be accessible to users who have permission to manage users / usergroups / permissions. The core code checks the querystring and then checks the permissions for that user. An example of this as it is now is default.asp?action=view&viewtype=list&objectid=server. I am not worried about SEO as this is an internal app and uses Windows Auth. My question is, is it better the way it is now or would it be better to have something like the following: /server/view/list/ /server/view/?id=123 /server/create/ /server/edit/?id=123 /server/remove/?id=123 In the above folders I would have a home page which defines all the variables which are currently determined by the querystring - in /server/create/ for example, I would define the action as 'create', object name as 'server' and so on. In terms of future development, I really have no idea which method would be best. I think the 2nd method would be best in terms of following what page does what but this is such a huge change to make at this stage that I would really like some opinions, preferably based on experience. PS Sorry if the tags are wrong - I am new to this forum and thought this was a bit too much of a discussion for StackOverflow as that is very much right / wrong answer based. I got the idea SE is more discussion based.

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• Using branchs for a mini project or module of project: Good practice?

  - by TheLQ

  In my repo I have 3 closely related mini projects: 1 server and 2 clients. They are all quite small (<3 files each). Since they are so small and so closely related I just dropped them in folders in one single repo. However now that I know I can't clone a single directory in my VCS of choice (Mercurial), I'm considering splitting them up. However I'm confused about general best practice: Is it okay to put different small projects in different branches, or should they all go in different repos? I'm currently leaning towards branching since I can't easily splice out the file history of the different projects but then your using a feature in a way it wasn't meant to be used.

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• Use a template to get alternate behaviour?

  - by Serge

  Is this a bad practice? const int sId(int const id); // true/false it doesn't matter template<bool i> const int sId(int const id) { return this->id = id; } const int MCard::sId(int const id){ MCard card = *this; this->id = id; this->onChange.fire(EventArgs<MCard&, MCard&>(*this, card)); return this->id; } myCard.sId(9); myCard.sId<true>(8); As you can see, my goal is to be able to have an alternative behaviour for sId. I know I could use a second parameter to the function and use a if, but this feels more fun (imo) and might prevent branch prediction (I'm no expert in that field). So, is it a valid practice, and/or is there a better approach?

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• What to watch out for when writing code at an Interview?

  - by Philip

  Hi, I have read that at a lot of companies you have to write code at an interview. On the one hand I see that it makes sense to ask for a work sample. On the other hand: What kind of code do you expect to be written in 5 minutes? And what if they tell me "Write an algorithm that does this and that" but I cannot think of a smart solution or even write code that doesn't semantically work? I am particularly interested in that question because I do not have that much commercial programming experience, 2 years part-time, one year full-time. (But I am interested in programming languages since nearly 15 years though usually I was more concentrated in playing with the language rather than writing large applications...) And actually I consider my debugging and problem solving skills much better than my coding skills. I sometimes see myself not writing the most beautiful code when looking back, but on the other hand I often come up with solutions for hard problems. And I think I am very good at optimizing, fixing, restructuring existing code, but I have problems with writing new applications from scratch. The software design sucks... ;-) Therefore I don't feel comfortable when thinking about this code writing situation at an interview... So what do the interviewers expect? What kind of information about my code writing are they interested in? Philip

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• How to choose a job? [closed]

  - by Aadi Droid

  When given multiple opportunities from various software giants, as a fresher out of school how should one decide which company to go for? Just as an example I have offers from two companies, won't name them but the two biggest dream companies for any SDE. While one company offers tremendous learning opportunites and and a good pay but coupled with really bad employee support and perks. While the other offers a relaxed work environment where learning happens by choice, with a slightly lower pay but amazing employee facilities and perks. Assuming the fresher has a plan to go for his masters degree in two years what are the most important things he should be looking at?

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• How do developers verify that software requirement changes in one system do not violate a requirement of downstream software systems?

  - by Peter Smith

  In my work, I do requirements gathering, analysis and design of business solutions in addition to coding. There are multiple software systems and packages, and developers are expected to work on any of them, instead of being assigned to make changes to only 1 system or just a few systems. How developers ensure they have captured all of the necessary requirements and resolved any conflicting requirements? An example of this type of scenario: Bob the developer is asked to modify the problem ticket system for a hypothetical utility repair business. They contract with a local utility company to provide this service. The old system provides a mechanism for an external customer to create a ticket indicating a problem with utility service at a particular address. There is a scheduling system and an invoicing system that is dependent on this data. Bob's new project is to modify the ticket placement system to allow for multiple addresses to entered by a landlord or other end customer with multiple properties. The invoicing system bills per ticket, but should be modified to bill per address. What practices would help Bob discover that the invoicing system needs to be changed as well? How might Bob discover what other systems in his company might need to be changed in order to support the new changes\business model? Let's say there is a documented specification for each system involved, but there are many systems and Bob is not familiar with all of them. End of example. We're often in this scenario, and we do have design reviews but management places ultimate responsibility for any defects (business process or software process) on the developer who is doing the design and the work. Some organizations seem to be better at this than others. How do they manage to detect and solve conflicting or incomplete requirements across software systems? We currently have a lot of tribal knowledge and just a few developers who understand the entire business and software chain. This seems highly ineffective and leads to problems at the requirements level.

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• Why prefer a wildcard to a type discriminator in a Java API (Re: Effective Java)

  - by Michael Campbell

  In the generics section of Bloch's Effective Java (which handily is the "free" chapter available to all: http://java.sun.com/docs/books/effective/generics.pdf), he says: If a type parameter appears only once in a method declaration, replace it with a wildcard. (See page 31-33 of that pdf) The signature in question is: public static void swap(List<?> list, int i, int j) vs public static void swap(List<E> list, int i, int j) And then proceeds to use a static private "helper" function with an actual type parameter to perform the work. The helper function signature is EXACTLY that of the second option. Why is the wildcard preferable, since you need to NOT use a wildcard to get the work done anyway? I understand that in this case since he's modifying the List and you can't add to a collection with an unbounded wildcard, so why use it at all?

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• Development environment to manage multiple Oracle databases

  - by jkohlhepp

  I am in an enterprise environment where we have applications that need to run against multiple Oracle databases. Developers may need to manage multiple vintages of these databases to support different test data or diagnose bugs against different versions of the code. Right now, we have a limited set of test environments set up on "real" Oracle servers within the data center. We juggle these among development and QA groups and there is a lot of conflicts and inefficiencies that arise because of it. I am taking a look at Oracle Express Edition which would allow me to spin up a local Oracle database. This is similar to the workflow I most often see with SQL Server. Devs work on their location machine until they are ready to integration and then they push their DB changes to integration / QA environments. However, from what I read it seems that Oracle XE only supports one database instance at a time. So if I have an application that utilizes two different databases, I can't have both of them running on my local machine. Is that correct? Does Oracle Standard or Personal editions get around this limitation? If I had one of those installed locally, how difficult would it be to get multiple databases working on the same development machine? How do dev shops handle developing against Oracle where they need to be using several different Oracle instances for their applications?

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• Stored procedure Naming conventions?

  - by Chris

  One of our senior developers has stated that we should be using a naming convention for stored procedures with an "objectVerb" style of naming such as ("MemberGetById") instead of a "verbObject" type of naming ("GetMemberByID"). The reasoning for this standard is that all related stored procedures would be grouped together by object rather than by the action. While I see the logic for this way of naming things, this is the first time that I have seen stored procedures named this way. My opinion of the naming convention is that the name can not be read naturally and takes some time to determine what the words are saying and what the procedure might do. What are your takes on this? Which way is the more common way of naming a stored proc, and does a what types of stored proc naming conventions have you used or go by?

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• Design for a plugin based application

  - by Varun Naik

  I am working on application, details of which I cannot discuss here. We have core framework and the rest is designed as plug in. In the core framework we have a domain object. This domain object is updated by the plugins. I have defined an interface in which I have function as DomainObject doProcessing(DomainObject object) My intention here is I pass the domain object, the plug in will update it and return it. This updated object is then passed again to different plugin to be updated. I am not sure if this is a good approach. I don't like passing the DomainObject to plugin. Is there a better way I can achieve this? Should I just request data from plugin and update the domain object myself?

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• Ways of Gathering Event Information From the Internet

  - by Ciwan

  What are the best ways of gathering information on events (any type) from the internet ? Keeping in mind that different websites will present information in different ways. I was thinking 'smart' web crawlers, but that can turn out to be extremely challenging, simply because of the hugely varied ways that different sites present their information. Then I was thinking of sifting through the official twitter feeds of organisations, people with knowledge of events .. etc and look for the event hash tag, grab the tweet and dissect it to grab the relevant information about the event. Information I am interested in gathering is: Date and Time of Event, Address where Event is being held, and any Celebrities (or any famous people) attending the event (if any). The reason to ask here is my hope that experienced folk will open my eyes to things I've missed, which I am sure I have.

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• What are the consequences of immutable classes with references to mutable classes?

  - by glenviewjeff

  I've recently begun adopting the best practice of designing my classes to be immutable per Effective Java [Bloch2008]. I have a series of interrelated questions about degrees of mutability and their consequences. I have run into situations where a (Java) class I implemented is only "internally immutable" because it uses references to other mutable classes. In this case, the class under development appears from the external environment to have state. Do any of the benefits (see below) of immutable classes hold true even by only "internally immutable" classes? Is there an accepted term for the aforementioned "internal mutability"? Wikipedia's immutable object page uses the unsourced term "deep immutability" to describe an object whose references are also immutable. Is the distinction between mutability and side-effect-ness/state important? Josh Bloch lists the following benefits of immutable classes: are simple to construct, test, and use are automatically thread-safe and have no synchronization issues do not need a copy constructor do not need an implementation of clone allow hashCode to use lazy initialization, and to cache its return value do not need to be copied defensively when used as a field make good Map keys and Set elements (these objects must not change state while in the collection) have their class invariant established once upon construction, and it never needs to be checked again always have "failure atomicity" (a term used by Joshua Bloch) : if an immutable object throws an exception, it's never left in an undesirable or indeterminate state

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• What do you do when you encounter an idiotic interview question?

  - by Senthil

  I was interviewing with a "too proud of my java skills"-looking person. He asked me "What is your knowledge on Java IO classes.. say.. hash maps?" He asked me to write a piece of java code on paper - instantiate a class and call one of the instance's methods. When I was done, he said my program wouldn't run. After 5 minutes of serious thinking, I gave up and asked why. He said I didn't write a main function so it wouldn't run. ON PAPER. [I am too furious to continue with the stupidity...] Believe me it wasn't trick questions or a psychic or anger management evaluation thing. I can tell from his face, he was proud of these questions. That "developer" was supposed to "judge" the candidates. I can think of several things: Hit him with a chair (which I so desperately wanted to) and walk out. Simply walk out. Ridicule him saying he didn't make sense. Politely let him know that he didn't make sense and go on to try and answer the questions. Don't tell him anything, but simply go on to try and answer the questions. So far, I have tried just 4 and 5. It hasn't helped. Unfortunately many candidates seem to do the same and remain polite but this lets these kind of "developers" just keep ascending up the corporate ladder, gradually getting the capacity to pi** off more and more people. How do you handle these interviewers without bursting your veins? What is the proper way to handle this, yet maintain your reputation if other potential employers were to ever get to know what happened here? Is there anything you can do or should you even try to fix this? P.S. Let me admit that my anger has been amplified many times by the facts: He was smiling like you wouldn't believe. I got so many (20 or so) calls from that company the day before, asking me to come to the interview, that I couldn't do any work that day. I wasted a paid day off.

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• The road to become a programmer [closed]

  - by user68991

  I'm looking for a 'career' change, I don't actually have a career at the moment since I haven't been able to find a job since I graduated with a degree in Materials Engineering. One of my loves has always been computers and programming, though I have never studied it seriously. When I was 11 I wrote a very basic graphical 'game' using notepad and HTML, where I drew each possible position of the main character on the different 'maze' level in MSPaint, using pictures of arrows as links to a new page with the character in a new position, and various other buttons would pop up 'search box', 'press button' etc. At the time I thought this was an amazing achievement of my programming skills. I've used a little bit of FORTRAN 90 whilst I was at university, which rekindled my interest in programming. When I was a kid I mainly used C and HTML, but only very basically as my 'game' suggests. I want to learn a new programming language, I'm not entirely sure where I want to go with it, but the number one contender at the moment is android apps. I'm looking at learning Java, but I've read that it's a difficult place to begin with; so I've also looked at learning Visual Basic, which I believe is also object oriented(?) but a little easier to understand? (not that I know what an object is anyway). Any information people could give me regarding which language to learn, and if there are any good online tutorial for that language I'd really appreciate it. Some of the tutorials I've used so far are full or jargon I can't understand. Also, I'm not afraid of maths having got an engineering degree. Thanks in advance for any help/advice. James

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• The use of Test-Driven Development in Non-Greenfield Projects?

  - by JHarley1

  So here is a question for you, having read some great answers to questions such as "Test-Driven Development - Convince Me". So my question is: "Can Test-Driven Development be used effectively on non-Greenfield projects?" To specify: I would really like to know if people have had experience in using TDD in projects where there was already non-TDD elements present? And the problems that they then faced.

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• How should I incorporate a hotfix back into a feature branch using gitflow?

  - by Mark Trapp

  I've started using gitflow for a project, and I have an outstanding feature branch as well as a newly created hotfix. Per the gitflow workflow, the hotfix gets applied to both the master and develop branches, but nothing is said or done about extant feature branches. Nevertheless, I'd like to incorporate the hotfix changes back into my feature branch, which as near as I can tell leaves three options: Don't incorporate the changes. If the changes were needed for the feature branch, it should've been part of the feature branch. Merge develop back into the feature branch. This seems to follow the gitflow workflow the best, but would cause out-of-order commits. Rebase the feature branch onto develop. This would preserve commit order but rebasing seems to be completely absent from the general gitflow workflow. What's the best practice here?

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• Is there a modified LGPL license that allows static linking?

  - by Petr Pudlák

  úLGPL requires that it if a program uses LGPL-ed library, users must be able to re-link the program with a different version of the library: ... d) Do one of the following: 0) Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form suitable for, and under terms that permit, the user to recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work, in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying Corresponding Source. 1) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (a) uses at run time a copy of the Library already present on the user's computer system, and (b) will operate properly with a modified version of the Library that is interface-compatible with the Linked Version. ... However in some cases, this can pose considerable difficulties. In particular, Haskell programs are almost always statically compiled. Moreover, the compiler does cross-module optimizations so it's very hard to satisfy this condition. (See this link at Haskell Wiki.) Therefore, I'm looking for a standard LGPL-like license that wouldn't require the possibility of re-linking. Some projects use their own modification of LGPL, for example wxWidgets. But I'd rather use some standard license that is somewhat more official, perhaps checked by some law experts, and (L)GPL compatible. Is there some like that? (Also I'd be interested to know if are there some unforeseen consequences of such a modification of LGPL.)

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• Optimizing MySQL -

  - by Josh

  I've been researching how to optimize MySQL a bit, but I still have a few questions. MySQL Primer Results http://pastie.org/private/lzjukl8wacxfjbjhge6vw Based on this, the first problem seems to be that the max_connections limit is too low. I had a similar problem with Apache initially, the max connection limit was set to 100, and the web server would frequently lock up and take an excruciatingly long time to deliver pages. Raising the connection limit to 512 fixed this issue, and I read that raising the connection limit on MySQL to match this was considered good practice. Being that MySQL has actually been "locking up" recently as well (connections have been refused entirely for a few minutes at a time at random intervals) I'm assuming this is the main cause of the issue. However, as far as table cache goes, I'm not sure what I should set this as. I've read that setting this too high can hinder performance further, so should I raise this to right around 551, 560, 600, or do something else? Lastly, as far as raising the join_buffer_size value goes, this doesn't even seem to be included in Debian's my.cnf file by default. Assuming there's not much I can do about adding indexes, should I look into raising this? Any suggested values? Any suggestions in general here would be appreciated as well. Edit: Here's the number of open tables the MySQL server is reporting. I believe this value is related to my question (Opened_tables: 22574)

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• Some Insight on the Field of Knowledge Representations and Reasoning

  - by picmate

  I started following an MS in computer sciences after about two years of work for a software company. I worked primarily in data warehousing and business intelligence related software development during my previous occupation. There is a high chance for me to select a research in knowledge representations, ontologies and reasoning, as there are no other research available in any other interesting fields, such as pattern recognition and navigation. I developed an interest towards knowledge representation with what I learnt from the courses I am taking currently. But I do not have a deep understanding of it in terms of which areas such a field would have an impact in a real life scenario, and how it will help me when I am hunting for a job in the near future. Some thought about this would be greatly appreciated.

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• How/where to run the algorithm on large dataset?

  - by niko

  I would like to run the PageRank algorithm on graph with 4 000 000 nodes and around 45 000 000 edges. Currently I use neo4j graph databse and classic relational database (postgres) and for software projects I mostly use C# and Java. Does anyone know what would be the best way to perform a PageRank computation on such graph? Is there any way to modify the PageRank algorithm in order to run it at home computer or server (48GB RAM) or is there any useful cloud service to push the data along the algorithm and retrieve the results? At this stage the project is at the research stage so in case of using cloud service if possible, would like to use such provider that doesn't require much administration and service setup, but instead focus just on running the algorith once and get the results without much overhead administration work.

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• How does TDD address interaction between objects?

  - by Gigi

  TDD proponents claim that it results in better design and decoupled objects. I can understand that writing tests first enforces the use of things like dependency injection, resulting in loosely coupled objects. However, TDD is based on unit tests - which test individual methods and not the integration between objects. And yet, TDD expects design to evolve from the tests themselves. So how can TDD possibly result in a better design at the integration (i.e. inter-object) level when the granularity it addresses is finer than that (individual methods)?

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• How to make a legacy system time-zone sensitive?

  - by Jerry Dodge

  I need to implement time zones in a very large and old Delphi system, where there's a central SQL Server database and possibly hundreds of client installations around the world in different time zones. The application already interacts with the database by only using the date/time of the database server. So, all the time stamps saved in both the database and on the client machines are the date/time of the database server when it happened, never the time of the client machine. So, when a client is about to display the date/time of something (such as a transaction) which is coming from this database, it needs to show the date/time converted to the local time zone. This is where I get lost. I would naturally assume there should be something in SQL to recognize the time zone and convert a DateTime field dynamically. I'm not sure if such a thing exists though. If so, that would be perfect, but if not, I need to figure out another way. This Delphi system (multiple projects) utilizes the SQL Server database using ADO components, VCL data-aware controls, and QuickReports (using data sources). So, there's many places where the data goes directly from the database query to rendering on the screen, without any code to actually put this data on the screen. In the end, I need to know when and how should I get the properly converted time? What is the proper way to ensure that I handle Dates and Times correctly in a legacy application?

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• Which iPhone ad API has produced the highest revenue for you?

  - by Kyle Humfeld

  This isn't a technical question, but more of a request for advice and empirical/anecdotal data. I'm nearly done writing a free app for iPhone, and I'm at the stage where I'm going to put ads into the app. I've had mixed success in the past with iAd (their fill rates have been atrocious recently, and their payouts have cut by about 75% over the past 4 months or so), and would like to know how much ad revenue you, the community, has seen from the various ad APIs you've used for your iPhone apps. This isn't a request for opinion, i.e. which is 'better', only what kinds of numbers you're seeing. I don't need absolute figures, but 'iAd pays x% higher than AdMob, and y% lower than AdSense' would be extremely helpful to me as I make my decision as to which ad API to integrate into my App. Also, have you had any experience or success with integrating multiple ad APIs into the same app? That's something I'm considering doing in my current iAd-filled apps (particularly my iPad app, which has yet to receive a single impression after nearly 60,000 requests)... something like: 1) Request-from-iAd 2) if that fails, request-from-adSense 3) if that fails, request-from-adMob 4) if that fails, ... etc.

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