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  • IBasic Accumulator

    - by Tara
    I am trying to do an accumulator in IBasic for a college assignment and I have the general stuff down but I cannot get it to accumulate. The code is below. My question is how do I get it to accumulate and pass to the different module. I'm trying to calculate how many right answers the user gets. Also, i need to calculate the percentage of right answers. so if the user gets 9 out of 10 right theyed answer 90% right. 'October 15, 2009 ' 'Lab 7.5 Programming Challenge 1 - Average Test Scores ' 'This is a dice game ' declare main() declare inputName(name:string) declare getAnswer(num1:int, num2:int) declare getResult(num1:int, num2:int, answer:int) declare avgRight(getRight:int) declare printInfo(name:string, getRight:int, averege:float) openconsole main() do:until inkey$<>"" closeconsole end sub main() def name:string def num1, num2, answer, total, getRight:int def averege:float inputName (name) getRight = 0 For counter = 1 to 10 getRight = getAnswer(num1, num2) getRight = getRight + 1 next counter average = avgRight (getRight) printInfo(Name, getRight, average) end sub inputName (name) Input "Please enter your name: " ,name return sub getAnswer(num1, num2) def answer, getRight:int num1 = rnd (10) + 1 num2 = rnd (10) + 1 Print num1, "+ " ,num2 Input "What is the answer to the equation? " ,answer getRight = getResult(num1, num2, answer) return getRight sub getResult(num1, num2, answer) def getRight:int if answer = num1 + num2 getRight = 1 else getRight = 0 endif return getRight sub avgRight(getRight) def average:float average = getRight / 10 return average sub printInfo(name, getRight, averege) Print "The students name is: " ,name Print "The number right is: " ,getRight Print Using ("&##.#&", "The average right is " ,averege * 100, "%") return

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  • Rails: Create method available in all views and all models

    - by smotchkkiss
    I'd like to define a method that is available in both my views and my models Say I have a view helper: def foo(s) "hello #{s}" end A view might use the helper like this: <div class="data"><%= foo(@user.name) %></div> However, this <div> will be updated with a repeating ajax call. I'm using a to_json call in a controller returns data like so: render :text => @item.to_json(:only => [...], :methods => [:foo]) This means, that I have to have foo defined in my Item model as well: class Item def foo "hello #{name}" end end It'd be nice if I could have a DRY method that could be shared in both my views and my models. Usage might look like this: Helper def say_hello(s) "hello #{s}" end User.rb model def foo say_hello(name) end Item.rb model def foo say_hello(label) end View <div class="data"><%= item.foo %></div> Controller def observe @items = item.find(...) render :text => @items.to_json(:only=>[...], :methods=>[:foo]) end IF I'M DUMB, please let me know. I don't know the best way to handle this, but I don't want to completely go against best-practices here. If you can think of a better way, I'm eager to learn!

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  • wxPython, Threads, and PostEvent between modules

    - by Sam Starling
    I'm relatively new to wxPython (but not Python itself), so forgive me if I've missed something here. I'm writing a GUI application, which at a very basic level consists of "Start" and "Stop" buttons that start and stop a thread. This thread is an infinite loop, which only ends when the thread is stopped. The loop generates messages, which at the moment are just output using print. The GUI class and the infinite loop (using threading.Thread as a subclass) are held in separate files. What is the best way to get the thread to push an update to something like a TextCtrl in the GUI? I've been playing around with PostEvent and Queue, but without much luck. Here's some bare bones code, with portions removed to keep it concise: main_frame.py import wx from loop import Loop class MainFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, parent, title): # Initialise and show GUI # Add two buttons, btnStart and btnStop # Bind the two buttons to the following two methods self.threads = [] def onStart(self): x = Loop() x.start() self.threads.append(x) def onStop(self): for t in self.threads: t.stop() loop.py class Loop(threading.Thread): def __init__(self): self._stop = threading.Event() def run(self): while not self._stop.isSet(): print datetime.date.today() def stop(self): self._stop.set() I did, at one point, have it working by having the classes in the same file by using wx.lib.newevent.NewEvent() along these lines. If anyone could point me in the right direction, that'd be much appreciated.

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  • Python: Networked IDLE/Redo IDLE front-end while using the same back-end?

    - by Rosarch
    Is there any existing web app that lets multiple users work with an interactive IDLE type session at once? Something like: IDLE 2.6.4 Morgan: >>> letters = list("abcdefg") Morgan: >>> # now, how would you iterate over letters? Jack: >>> for char in letters: print "char %s" % char char a char b char c char d char e char f char g Morgan: >>> # nice nice If not, I would like to create one. Is there some module I can use that simulates an interactive session? I'd want an interface like this: def class InteractiveSession(): ''' An interactive Python session ''' def putLine(line): ''' Evaluates line ''' pass def outputLines(): ''' A list of all lines that have been output by the session ''' pass def currentVars(): ''' A dictionary of currently defined variables and their values ''' pass (Although that last function would be more of an extra feature.) To formulate my problem another way: I'd like to create a new front end for IDLE. How can I do this? UPDATE: Or maybe I can simulate IDLE through eval()? UPDATE 2: What if I did something like this: I already have a simple GAE Python chat app set up, that allows users to sign in, make chat rooms, and chat with each other. Instead of just saving incoming messages to the datastore, I could do something like this: def putLine(line, user, chat_room): ''' Evaluates line for the session used by chat_room ''' # get the interactive session for this chat room curr_vars = InteractiveSession.objects.where("chatRoom = %s" % chat_room).get() result = eval(prepared_line, curr_vars.state, {}) curr_vars.state = curr_globals curr_vars.lines.append((user, line)) if result: curr_vars.lines.append(('SELF', result.__str__())) curr_vars.put() The InteractiveSession model: def class InteractiveSession(db.Model): # a dictionary mapping variables to values # it looks like GAE doesn't actually have a dictionary field, so what would be best to use here? state = db.DictionaryProperty() # a transcript of the session # # a list of tuples of the form (user, line_entered) # # looks something like: # # [('Morgan', '# hello'), # ('Jack', 'x = []'), # ('Morgan', 'x.append(1)'), # ('Jack', 'x'), # ('SELF', '[1]')] lines = db.ListProperty() Could this work, or am I way off/this approach is infeasible/I'm duplicating work when I should use something already built?

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  • Add multiple entities to Javascript namespace from different files

    - by Brian M. Hunt
    Given a namespaces ns used in two different files: abc.js ns = ns || (function () { foo = function() { ... }; return { abc : foo }; }()); def.js // is this correct? ns = ns || {} ns.def = ns.def || (function () { defoo = function () { ... }; return { deFoo: defoo }; }()); Is this the proper way to add def to the ns to a namespace? In other words, how does one merge two contributions to a namespace in javascript? If abc.js comes before def.js I'd expect this to work. If def.js comes before abc.js I'd expect ns.abc to not exist because ns is defined at the time. It seems there ought to be a design pattern to eliminate any uncertainty of doing inclusions with the javascript namespace pattern. I'd appreciate thoughts and input on how best to go about this sort of 'inclusion'. Thanks for reading. Brian

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  • PyQt Drag and Drop - Nothing happens

    - by Umang
    Hi, I'm trying to get drop a file onto a Window (I've tried the same thing with a QListWidget without success there too) test.py: #! /usr/bin/python # Test from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui import sys from qt_test import Ui_MainWindow class MyForm(QtGui.QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow): def __init__(self, parent=None): QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self, parent) self.setupUi(self) self.__class__.dragEnterEvent = self.DragEnterEvent self.__class__.dragMoveEvent = self.DragEnterEvent self.__class__.dropEvent = self.drop self.setAcceptDrops(True) print "Initialized" self.show() def DragEnterEvent(self, event): event.accept() def drop(self, event): link=event.mimeData().text() print link def main(): app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mw = MyForm() sys.exit(app.exec_()) if __name__== "__main__": main() And here's qt_test.py # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'untitled.ui' # # Created: Thu May 20 12:23:19 2010 # by: PyQt4 UI code generator 4.6 # # WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost! from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui class Ui_MainWindow(object): def setupUi(self, MainWindow): MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow") MainWindow.resize(800, 600) MainWindow.setAcceptDrops(True) self.centralwidget = QtGui.QWidget(MainWindow) self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget") MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget) self.retranslateUi(MainWindow) QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow) def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow): MainWindow.setWindowTitle(QtGui.QApplication.translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow", None, QtGui.QApplication.UnicodeUTF8)) I've read this email and I've followed everything said there. I still don't get any output except "Initialized" and the drag doesn't seem to get accepted (both for files from a file manager and plain text dragged from a text editor). Do you know what I'm doing wrong? Thanks!

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  • Extract string between matching braces in Perl

    - by Srilesh
    My input file is as below : HEADER {ABC|*|DEF {GHI 0 1 0} {{Points {}}}} {ABC|*|DEF {GHI 0 2 0} {{Points {}}}} {ABC|*|XYZ:abc:def {GHI 0 22 0} {{Points {{F1 1.1} {F2 1.2} {F3 1.3} {F4 1.4}}}}} {ABC|*|XYZ:ghi:jkl {JKL 0 372 0} {{Points {}}}} {ABC|*|XYZ:mno:pqr {GHI 0 34 0} {{Points {}}}} { ABC|*|XYZ:abc:pqr {GHI 0 68 0} {{Points {{F1 11.11} {F2 12.10} {F3 14.11} {F4 16.23}}}} } TRAILER I want to extract the file into an array as below : $array[0] = "{ABC|*|DEF {GHI 0 1 0} {{Points {}}}}" $array[1] = "{ABC|*|DEF {GHI 0 2 0} {{Points {}}}}" $array[2] = "{ABC|*|XYZ:abc:def {GHI 0 22 0} {{Points {{F1 1.1} {F2 1.2} {F3 1.3} {F4 1.4}}}}}" .. .. $array[5] = "{ ABC|*|XYZ:abc:pqr {GHI 0 68 0} {{Points {{F1 11.11} {F2 12.10} {F3 14.11} {F4 16.23}}}} }" Which means, I need to match the first opening curly brace with its closing curly brace and extract the string in between. I have checked the below link, but this doesnt apply to my question. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/413071/regex-to-get-string-between-curly-braces-i-want-whats-between-the-curly-braces I am trying but would really help if someone can assist me with their expertise ... Thanks Sri ...

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  • Python OOP and lists

    - by Mikk
    Hi, I'm new to Python and it's OOP stuff and can't get it to work. Here's my code: class Tree: root = None; data = []; def __init__(self, equation): self.root = equation; def appendLeft(self, data): self.data.insert(0, data); def appendRight(self, data): self.data.append(data); def calculateLeft(self): result = []; for item in (self.getLeft()): if (type(item) == type(self)): data = item.calculateLeft(); else: data = item; result.append(item); return result; def getLeft(self): return self.data; def getRight(self): data = self.data; data.reverse(); return data; tree2 = Tree("*"); tree2.appendRight(44); tree2.appendLeft(20); tree = Tree("+"); tree.appendRight(4); tree.appendLeft(10); tree.appendLeft(tree2); print(tree.calculateLeft()); It looks like tree2 and tree are sharing list "data"? At the moment I'd like it to output something like [[20,44], 10, 4], but when I tree.appendLeft(tree2) I get RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded, and when i even won't appendLeft(tree2) it outputs [10, 20, 44, 4] (!!!). What am I missing here? I'm using Portable Python 3.0.1. Thank you

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  • sqlalchemy relation through another (declarative)

    - by clayg
    Is anyone familiar with ActiveRecord's "has_many :through" relations for models? I'm not really a Rails guy, but that's basically what I'm trying to do. As a contrived example consider Projects, Programmers, and Assignments: from sqlalchemy import create_engine from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker from sqlalchemy import Column, ForeignKey from sqlalchemy.types import Integer, String, Text from sqlalchemy.orm import relation from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base Base = declarative_base() class Assignment(Base): __tablename__ = 'assignment' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) description = Column(Text) programmer_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('programmer.id')) project_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('project.id')) def __init__(self, description=description): self.description = description def __repr__(self): return '<Assignment("%s")>' % self.description class Programmer(Base): __tablename__ = 'programmer' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(64)) assignments = relation("Assignment", backref='programmer') def __init__(self, name=name): self.name = name def __repr__(self): return '<Programmer("%s")>' % self.name class Project(Base): __tablename__ = 'project' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(64)) description = Column(Text) assignments = relation("Assignment", backref='project') def __init__(self, name=name, description=description): self.name = name self.description = description def __repr__(self): return '<Project("%s", "%s...")>' % (self.name, self.description[:10]) engine = create_engine('sqlite://') Base.metadata.create_all(engine) Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) session = Session() Projects have many Assignments. Programmers have many Assignments. (understatement?) But in my office at least, Programmers also have many Projects - I'd like this relationship to be inferred through the Assignments assigned to the Programmer. I'd like the Programmer model to have a attribute "projects" which will return a list of Projects associated to the Programmer through the Assignment model. me = session.query(Programmer).filter_by(name='clay').one() projects = session.query(Project).\ join(Project.assignments).\ join(Assignment.programmer).\ filter(Programmer.id==me.id).all() How can I describe this relationship clearly and simply using the sqlalchemy declarative syntax? Thanks!

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  • Using Sub-Types And Return Types in Scala to Process a Generic Object Into a Specific One

    - by pr1001
    I think this is about covariance but I'm weak on the topic... I have a generic Event class used for things like database persistance, let's say like this: class Event( subject: Long, verb: String, directobject: Option[Long], indirectobject: Option[Long], timestamp: Long) { def getSubject = subject def getVerb = verb def getDirectObject = directobject def getIndirectObject = indirectobject def getTimestamp = timestamp } However, I have lots of different event verbs and I want to use pattern matching and such with these different event types, so I will create some corresponding case classes: trait EventCC case class Login(user: Long, timestamp: Long) extends EventCC case class Follow( follower: Long, followee: Long, timestamp: Long ) extends EventCC Now, the question is, how can I easily convert generic Events to the specific case classes. This is my first stab at it: def event2CC[T <: EventCC](event: Event): T = event.getVerb match { case "login" => Login(event.getSubject, event.getTimestamp) case "follow" => Follow( event.getSubject, event.getDirectObject.getOrElse(0), event.getTimestamp ) // ... } Unfortunately, this is wrong. <console>:11: error: type mismatch; found : Login required: T case "login" => Login(event.getSubject, event.getTimestamp) ^ <console>:12: error: type mismatch; found : Follow required: T case "follow" => Follow(event.getSubject, event.getDirectObject.getOrElse(0), event.getTimestamp) Could someone with greater type-fu than me explain if, 1) if what I want to do is possible (or reasonable, for that matter), and 2) if so, how to fix event2CC. Thanks!

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  • How can I extract a string between matching braces in Perl?

    - by Srilesh
    My input file is as below : HEADER {ABC|*|DEF {GHI 0 1 0} {{Points {}}}} {ABC|*|DEF {GHI 0 2 0} {{Points {}}}} {ABC|*|XYZ:abc:def {GHI 0 22 0} {{Points {{F1 1.1} {F2 1.2} {F3 1.3} {F4 1.4}}}}} {ABC|*|XYZ:ghi:jkl {JKL 0 372 0} {{Points {}}}} {ABC|*|XYZ:mno:pqr {GHI 0 34 0} {{Points {}}}} { ABC|*|XYZ:abc:pqr {GHI 0 68 0} {{Points {{F1 11.11} {F2 12.10} {F3 14.11} {F4 16.23}}}} } TRAILER I want to extract the file into an array as below : $array[0] = "{ABC|*|DEF {GHI 0 1 0} {{Points {}}}}" $array[1] = "{ABC|*|DEF {GHI 0 2 0} {{Points {}}}}" $array[2] = "{ABC|*|XYZ:abc:def {GHI 0 22 0} {{Points {{F1 1.1} {F2 1.2} {F3 1.3} {F4 1.4}}}}}" .. .. $array[5] = "{ ABC|*|XYZ:abc:pqr {GHI 0 68 0} {{Points {{F1 11.11} {F2 12.10} {F3 14.11} {F4 16.23}}}} }" Which means, I need to match the first opening curly brace with its closing curly brace and extract the string in between. I have checked the below link, but this doesnt apply to my question. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/413071/regex-to-get-string-between-curly-braces-i-want-whats-between-the-curly-braces I am trying but would really help if someone can assist me with their expertise ... Thanks Sri ...

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  • In Ruby, how to implement 20 - point and point - 20 using coerce() ?

    - by Jian Lin
    In Ruby, the operation of point - 20 20 - point are to be implemented. But the following code: class Point attr_accessor :x, :y def initialize(x,y) @x, @y = x, y end def -(q) if (q.is_a? Fixnum) return Point.new(@x - q, @y - q) end Point.new(@x - q.x, @y - q.y) end def -@ Point.new(-@x, -@y) end def *(c) Point.new(@x * c, @y * c) end def coerce(something) [self, something] end end p = Point.new(100,100) q = Point.new(80,80) p (-p) p p - q p q - p p p * 3 p 5 * p p p - 30 p 30 - p Output: #<Point:0x2424e54 @x=-100, @y=-100> #<Point:0x2424dc8 @x=20, @y=20> #<Point:0x2424d3c @x=-20, @y=-20> #<Point:0x2424cc4 @x=300, @y=300> #<Point:0x2424c38 @x=500, @y=500> #<Point:0x2424bc0 @x=70, @y=70> #<Point:0x2424b20 @x=70, @y=70> 30 - p will actually be taken as p - 30 by the coerce function. Can it be made to work? I am actually surprise that the - method won't coerce the argument this way: class Fixnum def -(something) if (/* something is unknown class */) a, b = something.coerce(self) return -(a - b) # because we are doing a - b but we wanted b - a, so it is negated end end end that is, the function returns a negated version of a - b instead of just returning a - b.

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  • Associating Models with Polymorphic

    - by Josh Crowder
    I am trying to associate Contacts with Classes but as two different types. Current_classes and Interested_classes. I know I need to enable polymorphic but I am not sure as to where it needs to be enabled. This is what I have at the moment class CreateClasses < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :classes do |t| t.string :class_type t.string :class_name t.string :date t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :classes end end class CreateContactsInterestedClassesJoin < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table 'contacts_interested_classes', :id => false do |t| t.column 'class_id', :integer t.column 'contact_id', :integer end end def self.down drop_table 'contacts_interested_classes' end end class CreateContactsCurrentClassesJoin < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table 'contacts_current_classes', :id => false do |t| t.column 'class_id', :integer t.column 'contact_id', :integer end end def self.down drop_table 'contacts_current_classes' end end And then inside of my Contacts Model I want to have something like this. class Contact < ActiveRecord::Base has_and_belongs_to_many :classes, :join_table => "contacts_interested_classes", :foreign_key => "class_id" :as => 'interested_classes' has_and_belongs_to_many :classes, :join_table => "contacts_current_classes", :foreign_key => "class_id" :as => 'current_classes' end What am I doing wrong?

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  • How do I make a grouped select box grouped by a column for a given model in Formtastic for Rails?

    - by jklina
    In my Rails project I'm using Formtastic to manage my forms. I have a model, Tags, with a column, "group". The group column is just a simple hardcoded way to organize my tags. I will post my Tag model class so you can see how it's organized class Tag < ActiveRecord::Base class Group BRAND = 1 SEASON = 2 OCCASION = 3 CONDITION = 4 SUBCATEGORY = 5 end has_many :taggings, :dependent => :destroy has_many :plaggs, :through => :taggings has_many :monitorings, :as => :monitorizable validates_presence_of :name, :group validates_uniqueness_of :name, :case_sensitive => false def self.brands(options = {}) self.all({ :conditions => { :group => Group::BRAND } }.merge(options)) end def self.seasons(options = {}) self.all({ :conditions => { :group => Group::SEASON } }.merge(options)) end def self.occasions(options = {}) self.all({ :conditions => { :group => Group::OCCASION } }.merge(options)) end def self.conditions(options = {}) self.all({ :conditions => { :group => Group::CONDITION } }.merge(options)) end def self.subcategories(options = {}) self.all({ :conditions => { :group => Group::SUBCATEGORY } }.merge(options)) end def self.non_brands(options = {}) self.all({ :conditions => [ "`group` != ? AND `group` != ?", Tag::Group::SUBCATEGORY, Tag::Group::BRAND] }.merge(options)) end end My goal is to use Formtastic to provide a grouped multiselect box, grouped by the column, "group" with the tags that are returned from the non_brands method. I have tried the following: = f.input :tags, :required => false, :as => :select, :input_html => { :multiple => true }, :collection => tags, :selected => sel_tags, :group_by => :group, :prompt => false But I receive the following error: (undefined method `klass' for nil:NilClass) Any ideas where I'm going wrong? Thanks for looking :]

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  • How to get bit rotation function to accept any bit size?

    - by calccrypto
    i have these 2 functions i got from some other code def ROR(x, n): mask = (2L**n) - 1 mask_bits = x & mask return (x >> n) | (mask_bits << (32 - n)) def ROL(x, n): return ROR(x, 32 - n) and i wanted to use them in a program, where 16 bit rotations are required. however, there are also other functions that require 32 bit rotations, so i wanted to leave the 32 in the equation, so i got: def ROR(x, n, bits = 32): mask = (2L**n) - 1 mask_bits = x & mask return (x >> n) | (mask_bits << (bits - n)) def ROL(x, n, bits = 32): return ROR(x, bits - n) however, the answers came out wrong when i tested this set out. yet, the values came out correctly when the code is def ROR(x, n): mask = (2L**n) - 1 mask_bits = x & mask return (x >> n) | (mask_bits << (16 - n)) def ROL(x, n,bits): return ROR(x, 16 - n) what is going on and how do i fix this?

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  • Perl program for extracting the functions alone in a Ruby file

    - by thillaiselvan
    Hai all, I am having the following Ruby program. puts "hai" def mult(a,b) a * b end puts "hello" def getCostAndMpg cost = 30000 # some fancy db calls go here mpg = 30 return cost,mpg end AltimaCost, AltimaMpg = getCostAndMpg puts "AltimaCost = #{AltimaCost}, AltimaMpg = {AltimaMpg}" I have written a perl script which will extract the functions alone in a Ruby file as follows while (<DATA>){ print if ( /def/ .. /end/ ); } Here the <DATA> is reading from the ruby file. So perl prograam produces the following output. def mult(a,b) a * b end def getCostAndMpg cost = 30000 # some fancy db calls go here mpg = 30 return cost,mpg end But, if the function is having block of statements, say for example it is having an if condition testing block means then it is not working. It is taking only up to the "end" of "if" block. And it is not taking up to the "end" of the function. So kindly provide solutions for me. Example: def function if x > 2 puts "x is greater than 2" elsif x <= 2 and x!=0 puts "x is 1" else puts "I can't guess the number" end #----- My code parsing only up to this end Thanks in Advance!

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  • Pairs from single list

    - by Apalala
    Often enough, I've found the need to process a list by pairs. I was wondering which would be the pythonic and efficient way to do it, and found this on Google: pairs = zip(t[::2], t[1::2]) I thought that was pythonic enough, but after a recent discussion involving idioms versus efficiency, I decided to do some tests: import time from itertools import islice, izip def pairs_1(t): return zip(t[::2], t[1::2]) def pairs_2(t): return izip(t[::2], t[1::2]) def pairs_3(t): return izip(islice(t,None,None,2), islice(t,1,None,2)) A = range(10000) B = xrange(len(A)) def pairs_4(t): # ignore value of t! t = B return izip(islice(t,None,None,2), islice(t,1,None,2)) for f in pairs_1, pairs_2, pairs_3, pairs_4: # time the pairing s = time.time() for i in range(1000): p = f(A) t1 = time.time() - s # time using the pairs s = time.time() for i in range(1000): p = f(A) for a, b in p: pass t2 = time.time() - s print t1, t2, t2-t1 These were the results on my computer: 1.48668909073 2.63187503815 1.14518594742 0.105381965637 1.35109519958 1.24571323395 0.00257992744446 1.46182489395 1.45924496651 0.00251388549805 1.70076990128 1.69825601578 If I'm interpreting them correctly, that should mean that the implementation of lists, list indexing, and list slicing in Python is very efficient. It's a result both comforting and unexpected. Is there another, "better" way of traversing a list in pairs? Note that if the list has an odd number of elements then the last one will not be in any of the pairs. Which would be the right way to ensure that all elements are included? I added these two suggestions from the answers to the tests: def pairwise(t): it = iter(t) return izip(it, it) def chunkwise(t, size=2): it = iter(t) return izip(*[it]*size) These are the results: 0.00159502029419 1.25745987892 1.25586485863 0.00222492218018 1.23795199394 1.23572707176 Results so far Most pythonic and very efficient: pairs = izip(t[::2], t[1::2]) Most efficient and very pythonic: pairs = izip(*[iter(t)]*2) It took me a moment to grok that the first answer uses two iterators while the second uses a single one. To deal with sequences with an odd number of elements, the suggestion has been to augment the original sequence adding one element (None) that gets paired with the previous last element, something that can be achieved with itertools.izip_longest().

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  • XPath _relative_ to given element in HTMLUnit/Groovy?

    - by Misha Koshelev
    Dear All: I would like to evaluate an XPath expression relative to a given element. I have been reading here: http://www.w3schools.com/xpath/default.asp And it seems like one of the syntaxes below should work (esp no leading slash or descendant:) However, none seem to work in HTMLUnit. Any help much appreciated (oh this is a groovy script btw). Thank you! http://htmlunit.sourceforge.net/ http://groovy.codehaus.org/ Misha #!/usr/bin/env groovy import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient def html=""" <html><head><title>Test</title></head> <body> <div class='levelone'> <div class='leveltwo'> <div class='levelthree' /> </div> <div class='leveltwo'> <div class='levelthree' /> <div class='levelthree' /> </div> </div> </body> </html> """ def f=new File('/tmp/test.html') if (f.exists()) { f.delete() } def fos=new FileOutputStream(f) fos<<html def webClient=new WebClient() def page=webClient.getPage('file:///tmp/test.html') def element=page.getByXPath("//div[@class='levelone']") assert element.size()==1 element=page.getByXPath("div[@class='levelone']") assert element.size()==0 element=page.getByXPath("/div[@class='levelone']") assert element.size()==0 element=page.getByXPath("descendant:div[@class='levelone']") // this gives namespace error assert element.size()==0 Thank you!!!

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  • How to Return Variable for all tests to use Unittest

    - by chrissygormley
    Hello, I have a Python script and I am trying to set a variable so that if the first test fail's the rest of then will be set to fail. The script I have so far is: class Tests(): def function: result function.......... def errorHandle(self): return self.error def sudsPass(self): try: result = self.client.service.GetStreamUri(self.stream, self.token) except suds.WebFault, e: assert False except Exception, e: pass finally: if 'result' in locals(): self.error = True self.errorHandle() assert True else: self.error = False self.errorHandle() assert False def sudsFail(self): try: result = self.client.service.GetStreamUri(self.stream, self.token) except suds.WebFault, e: assert False except Exception, e: pass finally: if 'result' in locals() or self.error == False: assert False else: assert True class GetStreamUri(TestGetStreamUri): def runTest(self): self.sudsPass() class GetStreamUriProtocolFail(TestGetStreamUri): def runTest(self): self.stream.Transport.Protocol = "NoValue" self.errorHandle() self.sudsFail() if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main() I am trying to get self.error to be set to False if the first test fail. I understand that it is being set in another test but I was hoping someone could help me find a solution to this problem using some other means. Thanks PS. Please ignore the strange tests. There is a problem with the error handling at the moment.

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  • PyQt QAbstractListModel seems to ignore tristate flags

    - by mcieslak
    I've been trying for a couple days to figure out why my QAbstractLisModel won't allow a user to toggle a checkable item in three states. The model returns the Qt.IsTristate and Qt.ItemIsUserCheckable in the flags() method, but when the program runs only Qt.Checked and Qt.Unchecked are toggled on edit. class cboxModel(QtCore.QAbstractListModel): def __init__(self, parent=None): super(cboxModel, self).__init__(parent) self.cboxes = [ ['a',0], ['b',1], ['c',2], ['d',0] ] def rowCount(self,index=QtCore.QModelIndex()): return len(self.cboxes) def data(self,index,role): if not index.isValid: return QtCore.QVariant() myname,mystate = self.cboxes[index.row()] if role == QtCore.Qt.DisplayRole: return QtCore.QVariant(myname) if role == QtCore.Qt.CheckStateRole: if mystate == 0: return QtCore.QVariant(QtCore.Qt.Unchecked) elif mystate == 1: return QtCore.QVariant(QtCore.Qt.PartiallyChecked) elif mystate == 2: return QtCore.QVariant(QtCore.Qt.Checked) return QtCore.QVariant() def setData(self,index,value,role=QtCore.Qt.EditRole): if index.isValid(): self.cboxes[index.row()][1] = value.toInt()[0] self.emit(QtCore.SIGNAL("dataChanged(QModelIndex,QModelIndex)"), index, index) print self.cboxes return True return False def flags(self,index): if not index.isValid(): return QtCore.Qt.ItemIsEditable return QtCore.Qt.ItemIsEnabled | QtCore.Qt.ItemIsEditable | QtCore.Qt.ItemIsUserCheckable | QtCore.Qt.ItemIsTristate You can test it with this, class MainForm(QtGui.QMainWindow): def __init__(self, parent=None): super(MainForm, self).__init__(parent) model = cboxModel(self) self.view = QtGui.QListView() self.view.setModel(model) self.setCentralWidget(self.view) app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) form = MainForm() form.show() app.exec_() and see that only 2 states are available. I'm assuming there's something simple I'm missing. Any ideas? Thanks!

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  • What's the best way of accessing a DRb object (e.g. Ruby Queue) from Scala (and Java)?

    - by Tom Morris
    I have built a variety of little scripts using Ruby's very simple Queue class, and share the Queue between Ruby and JRuby processes using DRb. It would be nice to be able to access these from Scala (and maybe Java) using JRuby. I've put together something Scala and the JSR-223 interface to access jruby-complete.jar. import javax.script._ class DRbQueue(host: String, port: Int) { private var engine = DRbQueue.factory.getEngineByName("jruby") private var invoker = engine.asInstanceOf[Invocable] engine.eval("require \"drb\" ") private var queue = engine.eval("DRbObject.new(nil, \"druby://" + host + ":" + port.toString + "\")") def isEmpty(): Boolean = invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "empty?").asInstanceOf[Boolean] def size(): Long = invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "length").asInstanceOf[Long] def threadsWaiting: Long = invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "num_waiting").asInstanceOf[Long] def offer(obj: Any) = invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "push", obj.asInstanceOf[java.lang.Object]) def poll(): Any = invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "pop") def clear(): Unit = { invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "clear") } } object DRbQueue { var factory = new ScriptEngineManager() } (It conforms roughly to java.util.Queue interface, but I haven't declared the interface because it doesn't implement the element and peek methods because the Ruby class doesn't offer them.) The problem with this is the type conversion. JRuby is fine with Scala's Strings - because they are Java strings. But if I give it a Scala Int or Long, or one of the other Scala types (List, Set, RichString, Array, Symbol) or some other custom type. This seems unnecessarily hacky: surely there has got to be a better way of doing RMI/DRb interop without having to use JSR-223 API. I could either make it so that the offer method serializes the object to, say, a JSON string and takes a structural type of only objects that have a toJson method. I could then write a Ruby wrapper class (or just monkeypatch Queue) to would parse the JSON. Is there any point in carrying on with trying to access DRb from Java/Scala? Might it just be easier to install a real message queue? (If so, any suggestions for a lightweight JVM-based MQ?)

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  • Which class should store the lookup table?

    - by max
    The world contains agents at different locations, with only a single agent at any location. Each agent knows where he's at, but I also need to quickly check if there's an agent at a given location. Hence, I also maintain a map from locations to agents. I have a problem deciding where this map belongs to: class World, class Agent (as a class attribute) or elsewhere. In the following I put the lookup table, agent_locations, in class World. But now agents have to call world.update_agent_location every time they move. This is very annoying; what if I decide later to track other things about the agents, apart from their locations - would I need to add calls back to the world object all across the Agent code? class World: def __init__(self, n_agents): # ... self.agents = {} self.agent_locations = {} for id in range(n_agents): x, y = self.find_location() agent = Agent(self,x,y) self.agents.append(agent) self.agent_locations[x,y] = agent def update_agent_location(self, agent, x, y): del self.agent_locations[agent.x, agent.y] self.agent_locations[x, y] = agent def update(self): # next step in the simulation for agent in self.agents: agent.update() # next step for this agent # ... class Agent: def __init__(self, world, x, y): self.world = world self.x, self.y = x, y def move(self, x1, y1): self.world.update_agent_location(self, x1, y1) self.x, self.y = x1, y1 def update(): # find a good location that is not occupied and move there for x, y in self.valid_locations(): if not self.location_is_good(x, y): continue if self.world.agent_locations[x, y]: # location occupied continue self.move(x, y) I can instead put agent_locations in class Agent as a class attribute. But that only works when I have a single World object. If I later decide to instantiate multiple World objects, the lookup tables would need to be world-specific. I am sure there's a better solution... EDIT: I added a few lines to the code to show how agent_locations is used. Note that it's only used from inside Agent objects, but I don't know if that would remain the case forever.

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  • Scala implicit dynamic casting

    - by weakwire
    I whould like to create a scala Views helper for Android Using this combination of trait and class class ScalaView(view: View) { def onClick(action: View => Any) = view.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener { def onClick(view: View) { action(view) } }) } trait ScalaViewTrait { implicit def view2ScalaView(view: View) = new ScalaView(view) } I'm able to write onClick() like so class MainActivity extends Activity with ScalaViewTrait { //.... val textView = new TextView(this) textView.onClick(v => v.asInstanceOf[TextView] setText ("asdas")) } My concern is that i want to avoid casting v to TextView v will always be TextView if is applied to a TextView LinearLayout if applied to LinearLayout and so on. Is there any way that v gets dynamic casted to whatever view is applied? Just started with Scala and i need your help with this. UPDATE With the help of generics the above get's like this class ScalaView[T](view: View) { def onClick(action: T => Any) = view.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener { def onClick(view: View) { action(view.asInstanceOf[T]) } }) } trait ScalaViewTrait { implicit def view2ScalaView[T](view: View) = new ScalaView[T](view) } i can write onClick like this view2ScalaView[TextView](textView) .onClick(v => v.setText("asdas")) but is obvious that i don't have any help from explicit and i moved the problem instead or removing it

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  • Python: why does this code take forever (infinite loop?)

    - by Rosarch
    I'm developing an app in Google App Engine. One of my methods is taking never completing, which makes me think it's caught in an infinite loop. I've stared at it, but can't figure it out. Disclaimer: I'm using http://code.google.com/p/gaeunitlink text to run my tests. Perhaps it's acting oddly? This is the problematic function: def _traverseForwards(course, c_levels): ''' Looks forwards in the dependency graph ''' result = {'nodes': [], 'arcs': []} if c_levels == 0: return result model_arc_tails_with_course = set(_getListArcTailsWithCourse(course)) q_arc_heads = DependencyArcHead.all() for model_arc_head in q_arc_heads: for model_arc_tail in model_arc_tails_with_course: if model_arc_tail.key() in model_arc_head.tails: result['nodes'].append(model_arc_head.sink) result['arcs'].append(_makeArc(course, model_arc_head.sink)) # rec_result = _traverseForwards(model_arc_head.sink, c_levels - 1) # _extendResult(result, rec_result) return result Originally, I thought it might be a recursion error, but I commented out the recursion and the problem persists. If this function is called with c_levels = 0, it runs fine. The models it references: class Course(db.Model): dept_code = db.StringProperty() number = db.IntegerProperty() title = db.StringProperty() raw_pre_reqs = db.StringProperty(multiline=True) original_description = db.StringProperty() def getPreReqs(self): return pickle.loads(str(self.raw_pre_reqs)) def __repr__(self): return "%s %s: %s" % (self.dept_code, self.number, self.title) class DependencyArcTail(db.Model): ''' A list of courses that is a pre-req for something else ''' courses = db.ListProperty(db.Key) def equals(self, arcTail): for this_course in self.courses: if not (this_course in arcTail.courses): return False for other_course in arcTail.courses: if not (other_course in self.courses): return False return True class DependencyArcHead(db.Model): ''' Maintains a course, and a list of tails with that course as their sink ''' sink = db.ReferenceProperty() tails = db.ListProperty(db.Key) Utility functions it references: def _makeArc(source, sink): return {'source': source, 'sink': sink} def _getListArcTailsWithCourse(course): ''' returns a LIST, not SET there may be duplicate entries ''' q_arc_heads = DependencyArcHead.all() result = [] for arc_head in q_arc_heads: for key_arc_tail in arc_head.tails: model_arc_tail = db.get(key_arc_tail) if course.key() in model_arc_tail.courses: result.append(model_arc_tail) return result Am I missing something pretty obvious here, or is GAEUnit acting up?

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  • Is there a way to control how pytest-xdist runs tests in parallel?

    - by superselector
    I have the following directory layout: runner.py lib/ tests/ testsuite1/ testsuite1.py testsuite2/ testsuite2.py testsuite3/ testsuite3.py testsuite4/ testsuite4.py The format of testsuite*.py modules is as follows: import pytest class testsomething: def setup_class(self): ''' do some setup ''' # Do some setup stuff here def teardown_class(self): '''' do some teardown''' # Do some teardown stuff here def test1(self): # Do some test1 related stuff def test2(self): # Do some test2 related stuff .... .... .... def test40(self): # Do some test40 related stuff if __name__=='__main()__' pytest.main(args=[os.path.abspath(__file__)]) The problem I have is that I would like to execute the 'testsuites' in parallel i.e. I want testsuite1, testsuite2, testsuite3 and testsuite4 to start execution in parallel but individual tests within the testsuites need to be executed serially. When I use the 'xdist' plugin from py.test and kick off the tests using 'py.test -n 4', py.test is gathering all the tests and randomly load balancing the tests among 4 workers. This leads to the 'setup_class' method to be executed every time of each test within a 'testsuitex.py' module (which defeats my purpose. I want setup_class to be executed only once per class and tests executed serially there after). Essentially what I want the execution to look like is: worker1: executes all tests in testsuite1.py serially worker2: executes all tests in testsuite2.py serially worker3: executes all tests in testsuite3.py serially worker4: executes all tests in testsuite4.py serially while worker1, worker2, worker3 and worker4 are all executed in parallel. Is there a way to achieve this in 'pytest-xidst' framework? The only option that I can think of is to kick off different processes to execute each test suite individually within runner.py: def test_execute_func(testsuite_path): subprocess.process('py.test %s' % testsuite_path) if __name__=='__main__': #Gather all the testsuite names for each testsuite: multiprocessing.Process(test_execute_func,(testsuite_path,))

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