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  • parse.json of authenticated play request

    - by niklassaers
    I've set up authentication in my application like this, always allow when a username is supplied and the API-key is 123: object Auth { def IsAuthenticated(block: => String => Request[AnyContent] => Result) = { Security.Authenticated(RetrieveUser, HandleUnauthorized) { user => Action { request => block(user)(request) } } } def RetrieveUser(request: RequestHeader) = { val auth = new String(base64Decode(request.headers.get("AUTHORIZATION").get.replaceFirst("Basic", ""))) val split = auth.split(":") val user = split(0) val pass = split(1) Option(user) } def HandleUnauthorized(request: RequestHeader) = { Results.Forbidden } def APIKey(apiKey: String)(f: => String => Request[AnyContent] => Result) = IsAuthenticated { user => request => if(apiKey == "123") f(user)(request) else Results.Forbidden } } I want then to define a method in my controller (testOut in this case) that uses the request as application/json only. Now, before I added authentication, I'd say "def testOut = Action(parse.json) {...}", but now that I'm using authentication, how can I add parse.json in to the mix and make this work? def testOut = Auth.APIKey("123") { username => implicit request => var props:Map[String, JsValue] = Map[String, JsValue]() request.body match { case JsObject(fields) => { props = fields.toMap } case _ => {} // Ok("received something else: " + request.body + '\n') } if(!props.contains("UUID")) props.+("UUID" -> UniqueIdGenerator.uuid) if (!props.contains("entity")) props.+("entity" -> "unset") props.+("username" -> username) Ok(props.toString) } As a bonus question, why is only UUID added to the props map, not entity and username? Sorry about the noob factor, I'm trying to learn Scala and Play at the same time. :-) Cheers Nik

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  • Use a foreign key mapping to get data from the other table using Python and SQLAlchemy.

    - by Az
    Hmm, the title was harder to formulate than I thought. Basically, I've got these simple classes mapped to tables, using SQLAlchemy. I know they're missing a few items but those aren't essential for highlighting the problem. class Customer(object): def __init__(self, uid, name, email): self.uid = uid self.name = name self.email = email def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __str__(self): return "Cust: %s, Name: %s (Email: %s)" %(self.uid, self.name, self.email) The above is basically a simple customer with an id, name and an email address. class Order(object): def __init__(self, item_id, item_name, customer): self.item_id = item_id self.item_name = item_name self.customer = None def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __str__(self): return "Item ID %s: %s, has been ordered by customer no. %s" %(self.item_id, self.item_name, self.customer) This is the Orders class that just holds the order information: an id, a name and a reference to a customer. It's initialised to None to indicate that this item doesn't have a customer yet. The code's job will assign the item a customer. The following code maps these classes to respective database tables. # SQLAlchemy database transmutation engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=False) metadata = MetaData() customers_table = Table('customers', metadata, Column('uid', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String), Column('email', String) ) orders_table = Table('orders', metadata, Column('item_id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('item_name', String), Column('customer', Integer, ForeignKey('customers.uid')) ) metadata.create_all(engine) mapper(Customer, customers_table) mapper(Orders, orders_table) Now if I do something like: for order in session.query(Order): print order I can get a list of orders in this form: Item ID 1001: MX4000 Laser Mouse, has been ordered by customer no. 12 What I want to do is find out customer 12's name and email address (which is why I used the ForeignKey into the Customer table). How would I go about it?

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  • [Ruby on Rails] complex model relationship

    - by siulamvictor
    I am not sure am I doing these correct. I have 3 models, Account, User, and Event. Account contains a group of Users. Each User have its own username and password for login, but they can access the same Account data under the same Account. Events is create by a User, which other Users in the same Account can also read or edit it. I created the following migrations and models. User migration class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :users do |t| t.integer :account_id t.string :username t.string :password t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :users end end Account migration class CreateAccounts < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :accounts do |t| t.string :name t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :accounts end end Event migration class CreateEvents < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :events do |t| t.integer :account_id t.integer :user_id t.string :name t.string :location t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :events end end Account model class Account < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :users has_many :events end User model class User < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :account end Event model class Event < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :account belongs_to :user end so.... Is this setting correct? Every time when a user create a new account, the system will as for the user information, i.e. username and password. How can I add them into correct tables? How can I add a new event? I am sorry for such a long question. I am not very understand the rails way in handling such data structure. Thank you guys for answering me. :)

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  • Python to Java translation

    - by obelix1337
    Hello, i get quite short code of algorithm in python, but i need to translate it to Java. I didnt find any program to do that, so i will really appreciate to help translating it. I learned python a very little to know the idea how algorithm work. The biggest problem is because in python all is object and some things are made really very confuzing like sum(self.flow[(source, vertex)] for vertex, capacity in self.get_edges(source)) and "self.adj" is like hashmap with multiple values which i have no idea how to put all together. Is any better collection for this code in java? code is: [CODE] class FlowNetwork(object): def __init__(self): self.adj, self.flow, = {},{} def add_vertex(self, vertex): self.adj[vertex] = [] def get_edges(self, v): return self.adj[v] def add_edge(self, u,v,w=0): self.adj[u].append((v,w)) self.adj[v].append((u,0)) self.flow[(u,v)] = self.flow[(v,u)] = 0 def find_path(self, source, sink, path): if source == sink: return path for vertex, capacity in self.get_edges(source): residual = capacity - self.flow[(source,vertex)] edge = (source,vertex,residual) if residual > 0 and not edge in path: result = self.find_path(vertex, sink, path + [edge]) if result != None: return result def max_flow(self, source, sink): path = self.find_path(source, sink, []) while path != None: flow = min(r for u,v,r in path) for u,v,_ in path: self.flow[(u,v)] += flow self.flow[(v,u)] -= flow path = self.find_path(source, sink, []) return sum(self.flow[(source, vertex)] for vertex, capacity in self.get_edges(source)) g = FlowNetwork() map(g.add_vertex, ['s','o','p','q','r','t']) g.add_edge('s','o',3) g.add_edge('s','p',3) g.add_edge('o','p',2) g.add_edge('o','q',3) g.add_edge('p','r',2) g.add_edge('r','t',3) g.add_edge('q','r',4) g.add_edge('q','t',2) print g.max_flow('s','t') [/CODE] result of this example is "5". algorithm find max flow in graph(linked list or whatever) from source vertex "s" to destination "t". Many thanx for any idea

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  • How to add a new entry to a multiple has_many association?

    - by siulamvictor
    I am not sure am I doing these correct. I have 3 models, Account, User, and Event. Account contains a group of Users. Each User have its own username and password for login, but they can access the same Account data under the same Account. Events is create by a User, which other Users in the same Account can also read or edit it. I created the following migrations and models. User migration class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :users do |t| t.integer :account_id t.string :username t.string :password t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :users end end Account migration class CreateAccounts < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :accounts do |t| t.string :name t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :accounts end end Event migration class CreateEvents < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :events do |t| t.integer :account_id t.integer :user_id t.string :name t.string :location t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :events end end Account model class Account < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :users has_many :events end User model class User < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :account end Event model class Event < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :account belongs_to :user end so.... Is this setting correct? Every time when a user create a new account, the system will ask for the user information, e.g. username and password. How can I add them into correct tables? How can I add a new event? I am sorry for such a long question. I am not very understand the rails way in handling such data structure. Thank you guys for answering me. :)

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  • Tkinter, Python: How do I save text entered in the Entry widget? How do I move a label?

    - by user3692825
    I am a newbie at programming and my program is not stellar but hopefully it's ok because I have only been using it for a couple days now. I am having trouble in my class "Recipie". In this class I am having trouble saving the text in my Entry widget. I know to use the .get() option but when I try to print it, it doesn't (whether it is within that defined method or not). So that is my main concern. I want it to save the text entered as a string when I press the button: b. My other minor question is, how can I move the label. When I have tried I have used the height and width options, but that just expands the label. I want to move the text to create a title above my Entry boxes. Is label the right widget to use or would it be easier to use a message box widget? So it would look like, for example (but like 8 pixels down and 20 to the right): ingredients textbox button labeled as: add an ingredient And I am not sure the option .pack(side="...") or .place(anchor="...") are the right options to use for my buttons or entry boxes or labels. Any help is greatly appreciated!!! And if you could add comments to your code explaining what you did, that would be so helpful. Thank you!!! import Tkinter class Recipie(Tkinter.Tk): def __init__(self): Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self) self.title("New Recipie") self.geometry("500x500") def name(self): name = Tkinter.Label(self, text="Title:", width=39) name.place(anchor="nw") insert_name = Tkinter.Entry(self) insert_name.pack() insert_name.focus_set() def ingredients(self): e = Tkinter.Entry(self) e.pack() e.focus_set() def addingredient(self): but = Tkinter.Button(self, text="Add Ingredients", width=15, command=self.ingredients) but.pack(side="bottom") def procedure(self): txt = Tkinter.Label(self, text="List the Steps:") txt.place(anchor="n") p = Tkinter.Entry(self) p.place(anchor="nw") p.focus_set() def savebutton(self): print insert_name.get() print e.get() print p.get() b = Tkinter.Button(self, text="Save Recipie", width=15, command=savebutton) top = Recipie() top.mainloop()

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  • Agile web development with rails

    - by Steve
    Hi.. This code is from the agile web development with rails book.. I don't understand this part of the code... User is a model which has name,hashed_password,salt as its fields. But in the code they are mentioning about password and password confirmation, while there are no such fields in the model. Model has only hashed_password. I am sure mistake is with me. Please clear this for me :) User Model has name,hashed_password,salt. All the fields are strings require 'digest/sha1' class User < ActiveRecord::Base validates_presence_of :name validates_uniqueness_of :name attr_accessor :password_confirmation validates_confirmation_of :password validate :password_non_blank def self.authenticate(name, password) user = self.find_by_name(name) if user expected_password = encrypted_password(password, user.salt) if user.hashed_password != expected_password user = nil end end user end def password @password end def password=(pwd) @password = pwd return if pwd.blank? create_new_salt self.hashed_password = User.encrypted_password(self.password, self.salt) end private def password_non_blank errors.add(:password,"Missing password")if hashed_password.blank? end def create_new_salt self.salt = self.object_id.to_s + rand.to_s end def self.encrypted_password(password, salt) string_to_hash = password + "wibble" + salt Digest::SHA1.hexdigest(string_to_hash) end end

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  • Python "callable" attribute (pseudo-property)

    - by mgilson
    In python, I can alter the state of an instance by directly assigning to attributes, or by making method calls which alter the state of the attributes: foo.thing = 'baz' or: foo.thing('baz') Is there a nice way to create a class which would accept both of the above forms which scales to large numbers of attributes that behave this way? (Shortly, I'll show an example of an implementation that I don't particularly like.) If you're thinking that this is a stupid API, let me know, but perhaps a more concrete example is in order. Say I have a Document class. Document could have an attribute title. However, title may want to have some state as well (font,fontsize,justification,...), but the average user might be happy enough just setting the title to a string and being done with it ... One way to accomplish this would be to: class Title(object): def __init__(self,text,font='times',size=12): self.text = text self.font = font self.size = size def __call__(self,*text,**kwargs): if(text): self.text = text[0] for k,v in kwargs.items(): setattr(self,k,v) def __str__(self): return '<title font={font}, size={size}>{text}</title>'.format(text=self.text,size=self.size,font=self.font) class Document(object): _special_attr = set(['title']) def __setattr__(self,k,v): if k in self._special_attr and hasattr(self,k): getattr(self,k)(v) else: object.__setattr__(self,k,v) def __init__(self,text="",title=""): self.title = Title(title) self.text = text def __str__(self): return str(self.title)+'<body>'+self.text+'</body>' Now I can use this as follows: doc = Document() doc.title = "Hello World" print (str(doc)) doc.title("Goodbye World",font="Helvetica") print (str(doc)) This implementation seems a little messy though (with __special_attr). Maybe that's because this is a messed up API. I'm not sure. Is there a better way to do this? Or did I leave the beaten path a little too far on this one? I realize I could use @property for this as well, but that wouldn't scale well at all if I had more than just one attribute which is to behave this way -- I'd need to write a getter and setter for each, yuck.

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  • [Ruby on Rails] how to add a new entry with a multiple has_many association?

    - by siulamvictor
    I am not sure am I doing these correct. I have 3 models, Account, User, and Event. Account contains a group of Users. Each User have its own username and password for login, but they can access the same Account data under the same Account. Events is create by a User, which other Users in the same Account can also read or edit it. I created the following migrations and models. User migration class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :users do |t| t.integer :account_id t.string :username t.string :password t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :users end end Account migration class CreateAccounts < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :accounts do |t| t.string :name t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :accounts end end Event migration class CreateEvents < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :events do |t| t.integer :account_id t.integer :user_id t.string :name t.string :location t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :events end end Account model class Account < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :users has_many :events end User model class User < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :account end Event model class Event < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :account belongs_to :user end so.... Is this setting correct? Every time when a user create a new account, the system will ask for the user information, e.g. username and password. How can I add them into correct tables? How can I add a new event? I am sorry for such a long question. I am not very understand the rails way in handling such data structure. Thank you guys for answering me. :)

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  • add collision detection to sprite?

    - by xBroak
    bassically im trying to add collision detection to the sprite below, using the following: self.rect = bounds_rect collide = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, wall_list, False) if collide: # yes print("collide") However it seems that when the collide is triggered it continuously prints 'collide' over and over when instead i want them to simply not be able to walk through the object, any help? def update(self, time_passed): """ Update the creep. time_passed: The time passed (in ms) since the previous update. """ if self.state == Creep.ALIVE: # Maybe it's time to change the direction ? # self._change_direction(time_passed) # Make the creep point in the correct direction. # Since our direction vector is in screen coordinates # (i.e. right bottom is 1, 1), and rotate() rotates # counter-clockwise, the angle must be inverted to # work correctly. # self.image = pygame.transform.rotate( self.base_image, -self.direction.angle) # Compute and apply the displacement to the position # vector. The displacement is a vector, having the angle # of self.direction (which is normalized to not affect # the magnitude of the displacement) # displacement = vec2d( self.direction.x * self.speed * time_passed, self.direction.y * self.speed * time_passed) self.pos += displacement # When the image is rotated, its size is changed. # We must take the size into account for detecting # collisions with the walls. # self.image_w, self.image_h = self.image.get_size() global bounds_rect bounds_rect = self.field.inflate( -self.image_w, -self.image_h) if self.pos.x < bounds_rect.left: self.pos.x = bounds_rect.left self.direction.x *= -1 elif self.pos.x > bounds_rect.right: self.pos.x = bounds_rect.right self.direction.x *= -1 elif self.pos.y < bounds_rect.top: self.pos.y = bounds_rect.top self.direction.y *= -1 elif self.pos.y > bounds_rect.bottom: self.pos.y = bounds_rect.bottom self.direction.y *= -1 self.rect = bounds_rect collide = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, wall_list, False) if collide: # yes print("collide") elif self.state == Creep.EXPLODING: if self.explode_animation.active: self.explode_animation.update(time_passed) else: self.state = Creep.DEAD self.kill() elif self.state == Creep.DEAD: pass #------------------ PRIVATE PARTS ------------------# # States the creep can be in. # # ALIVE: The creep is roaming around the screen # EXPLODING: # The creep is now exploding, just a moment before dying. # DEAD: The creep is dead and inactive # (ALIVE, EXPLODING, DEAD) = range(3) _counter = 0 def _change_direction(self, time_passed): """ Turn by 45 degrees in a random direction once per 0.4 to 0.5 seconds. """ self._counter += time_passed if self._counter > randint(400, 500): self.direction.rotate(45 * randint(-1, 1)) self._counter = 0 def _point_is_inside(self, point): """ Is the point (given as a vec2d) inside our creep's body? """ img_point = point - vec2d( int(self.pos.x - self.image_w / 2), int(self.pos.y - self.image_h / 2)) try: pix = self.image.get_at(img_point) return pix[3] > 0 except IndexError: return False def _decrease_health(self, n): """ Decrease my health by n (or to 0, if it's currently less than n) """ self.health = max(0, self.health - n) if self.health == 0: self._explode() def _explode(self): """ Starts the explosion animation that ends the Creep's life. """ self.state = Creep.EXPLODING pos = ( self.pos.x - self.explosion_images[0].get_width() / 2, self.pos.y - self.explosion_images[0].get_height() / 2) self.explode_animation = SimpleAnimation( self.screen, pos, self.explosion_images, 100, 300) global remainingCreeps remainingCreeps-=1 if remainingCreeps == 0: print("all dead")

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  • extern(al) problem

    - by Knowing me knowing you
    Why can't I compile this code? //main #include "stdafx.h" #include "X.h" #include "Y.h" //#include "def.h" extern X operator*(X, Y);//HERE ARE DECLARED EXTERNAL *(X,Y) AND f(X) extern int f(X); /*GLOBALS*/ X x = 1; Y y = x; int i = 2; int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { i + 10; y + 10; y + 10 * y; //x + (y + i); x * x + i; f(7); //f(y); //y + y; //106 + y; return 0; } //X struct X { int i; X(int value):i(value) { } X operator+(int value) { return X(i + value); } operator int() { return i; } }; //Y struct Y { int i; Y(X x):i(x.i) { } Y operator+(X x) { return Y(i + x.i); } }; //def.h int f(X x); X operator*(X x, Y y); //def.cpp #include "stdafx.h" #include "def.h" #include "X.h" #include "Y.h" int f(X x) { return x; } X operator*(X x, Y y) { return x * y; } I'm getting err msg: Error 2 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "int __cdecl f(struct X)" Error 3 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "struct X __cdecl operator*(struct X,struct Y)" Another interesting thing is that if I place the implementation in def.h file it does compiles without errs. But then what about def.cpp? Why I'm not getting err msg that function f(X) is already defined? Here shouldn't apply ODR rule. Second concern I'm having is that if in def.cpp I change the return type of f from int to double intelliSense underlines this as an error but program still compiles? Why?

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  • how to save nested form attributes to database

    - by siulamvictor
    I am not really understand how's the nested attributes work in Rails. I have 2 models, Accounts and Users. Accounts has_many Users. When a new user filled in the form, Rails reported User(#2164802740) expected, got Array(#2148376200) Is that Rails cannot read the nested attributes from the form? How can I fix it? How can I save the data from nested attributes form to database? Thanks all~ Here are the MVCs: Account Model class Account < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :users accepts_nested_attributes_for :users validates_presence_of :company_name, :message => "companyname is required." validates_presence_of :company_website, :message => "website is required." end User Model class User < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :account validates_presence_of :user_name, :message => "username too short." validates_presence_of :password, :message => "password too short." end Account Controller class AccountController < ApplicationController def new end def created end def create @account = Account.new(params[:account]) if @account.save redirect_to :action => "created" else flash[:notice] = "error!!!" render :action => "new" end end end Account/new View <h1>Account#new</h1> <% form_for :account, :url => { :action => "create" } do |f| %> <% f.fields_for :users do |ff| %> <p> <%= ff.label :user_name %><br /> <%= ff.text_field :user_name %> </p> <p> <%= ff.label :password %><br /> <%= ff.password_field :password %> </p> <% end %> <p> <%= f.label :company_name %><br /> <%= f.text_field :company_name %> </p> <p> <%= f.label :company_website %><br /> <%= f.text_field :company_website %> </p> <% end %> Account Migration class CreateAccounts < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :accounts do |t| t.string :company_name t.string :company_website t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :accounts end end User Migration class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :users do |t| t.string :user_name t.string :password t.integer :account_id t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :users end end Thanks everyone. :)

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  • django image upload forms

    - by gramware
    I am having problems with django forms and image uploads. I have googled, read the documentations and even questions ere, but cant figure out the issue. Here are my files my models class UserProfile(User): """user with app settings. """ DESIGNATION_CHOICES=( ('ADM', 'Administrator'), ('OFF', 'Club Official'), ('MEM', 'Ordinary Member'), ) onames = models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=True) phoneNumber = models.CharField(max_length=15) regNo = models.CharField(max_length=15) designation = models.CharField(max_length=3,choices=DESIGNATION_CHOICES) image = models.ImageField(max_length=100,upload_to='photos/%Y/%m/%d', blank=True, null=True) course = models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=True, null=True) timezone = models.CharField(max_length=50, default='Africa/Nairobi') smsCom = models.BooleanField() mailCom = models.BooleanField() fbCom = models.BooleanField() objects = UserManager() #def __unicode__(self): # return '%s %s ' % (User.Username, User.is_staff) def get_absolute_url(self): return u'%s%s/%s' % (settings.MEDIA_URL, settings.ATTACHMENT_FOLDER, self.id) def get_download_url(self): return u'%s%s/%s' % (settings.MEDIA_URL, settings.ATTACHMENT_FOLDER, self.name) ... class reports(models.Model): repID = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) repSubject = models.CharField(max_length=100) repRecepients = models.ManyToManyField(UserProfile) repPoster = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,related_name='repposter') repDescription = models.TextField() repPubAccess = models.BooleanField() repDate = models.DateField() report = models.FileField(max_length=200,upload_to='files/%Y/%m/%d' ) deleted = models.BooleanField() def __unicode__(self): return u'%s ' % (self.repSubject) my forms from django import forms from django.http import HttpResponse from cms.models import * from django.contrib.sessions.models import Session from django.forms.extras.widgets import SelectDateWidget class UserProfileForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model= UserProfile exclude = ('designation','password','is_staff', 'is_active','is_superuser','last_login','date_joined','user_permissions','groups') ... class reportsForm(forms.ModelForm): repPoster = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=UserProfile.objects.all(), widget=forms.HiddenInput()) repDescription = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea(attrs={'cols':'50', 'rows':'5'}),label='Enter Report Description here') repDate = forms.DateField(widget=SelectDateWidget()) class Meta: model = reports exclude = ('deleted') my views @login_required def reports_media(request): user = UserProfile.objects.get(pk=request.session['_auth_user_id']) if request.user.is_staff== True: repmedform = reportsForm(request.POST, request.FILES) if repmedform.is_valid(): repmedform.save() repmedform = reportsForm(initial = {'repPoster':user.id,}) else: repmedform = reportsForm(initial = {'repPoster':user.id,}) return render_to_response('staffrepmedia.html', {'repfrm':repmedform, 'rep_media': reports.objects.all()}) else: return render_to_response('reports_&_media.html', {'rep_media': reports.objects.all()}) ... @login_required def settingchng(request): user = UserProfile.objects.get(pk=request.session['_auth_user_id']) form = UserProfileForm(instance = user) if request.method == 'POST': form = UserProfileForm(request.POST, request.FILES, instance = user) if form.is_valid(): form.save() return HttpResponseRedirect('/settings/') else: form = UserProfileForm(instance = user) if request.user.is_staff== True: return render_to_response('staffsettingschange.html', {'form': form}) else: return render_to_response('settingschange.html', {'form': form}) ... @login_required def useradd(request): if request.method == 'POST': form = UserAddForm(request.POST,request.FILES ) if form.is_valid(): password = request.POST['password'] request.POST['password'] = set_password(password) form.save() else: form = UserAddForm() return render_to_response('staffadduser.html', {'form':form}) Example of my templates {% if form.errors %} <ol> {% for field in form %} <H3 class="title"> <p class="error"> {% if field.errors %}<li>{{ field.errors|striptags }}</li>{% endif %}</p> </H3> {% endfor %} </ol> {% endif %} <form method="post" id="form" action="" enctype="multipart/form-data" class="infotabs accfrm"> {{ repfrm.as_p }} <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form>

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  • Grails Liferay portlet not invoking action

    - by RJ Regenold
    I am trying to create a simple portlet for Liferay 5.2.2 using Grails 1.2.1 with the grails-portlets 0.7 and grails-portlets-liferay 0.2 plugins. I created and deployed a stock portlet (just updated title, description, etc...). It deploys correctly and the view renders correctly. However, when I submit the default form that is in view.gsp it never hits the actionView function. Here are the relevant code bits: SearchPortlet.groovy class SearchPortlet { def title = 'Search' def description = ''' A simple search portlet. ''' def displayName = 'Search' def supports = ['text/html':['view', 'edit', 'help']] // Liferay server specific configurations def liferay_display_category = 'Category' def actionView = { println "In action view" } def renderView = { println "In render view" //TODO Define render phase. Return the map of the variables bound to the view ['mykey':'myvalue'] } ... } view.gsp <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/portlet" prefix="portlet" %> <div> <h1>View Page</h1> The map returned by renderView is passed in. Value of mykey: ${mykey} <form action="${portletResponse.createActionURL()}"> <input type="submit" value="Submit"/> </form> </div> The tomcat terminal prints In render view whenever I view the portlet, and after I press the submit button. It never prints the In action view statement. Any ideas? Update I turned on logging and this is what I see whenever I click the submit button in the portlet: [localhost].[/gportlet] - servletPath=/Search, pathInfo=/invoke, queryString=null, name=null [localhost].[/gportlet] - Path Based Include portlets.GrailsDispatcherPortlet - DispatcherPortlet with name 'Search' received render request portlets.GrailsDispatcherPortlet - Bound render request context to thread: com.liferay.portlet.RenderRequestImpl@7a158e portlets.GrailsDispatcherPortlet - Testing handler map [org.codehaus.grails.portlets.GrailsPortletHandlerMapping@1f06283] in DispatcherPortlet with name 'Search' portlets.GrailsDispatcherPortlet - Testing handler adapter [org.codehaus.grails.portlets.GrailsPortletHandlerAdapter@74f72b] portlets.GrailsPortletHandlerAdapter - portlet.handleMinimised not set, proceeding with normal render portlet.SearchPortlet - In render view portlets.GrailsPortletHandlerAdapter - Couldn't resolve action view /search/null.gsp portlets.GrailsPortletHandlerAdapter - Trying to render mode view /search/view.gsp portlets.GrailsDispatcherPortlet - Setting portlet response content type to view-determined type [text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1] [localhost].[/gportlet] - servletPath=/WEB-INF/servlet/view, pathInfo=null, queryString=null, name=null [localhost].[/gportlet] - Path Based Include portlets.GrailsDispatcherPortlet - Cleared thread-bound render request context: com.liferay.portlet.RenderRequestImpl@7a158e portlets.GrailsDispatcherPortlet - Successfully completed request The fourth line in that log snippet says Bound render request..., which I don't understand because the action in the form that is in the portlet is to the action url. I would've thought that should be an action request.

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  • PyOpenGL - passing transformation matrix into shader

    - by M-V
    I am having trouble passing projection and modelview matrices into the GLSL shader from my PyOpenGL code. My understanding is that OpenGL matrices are column major, but when I pass in projection and modelview matrices as shown, I don't see anything. I tried the transpose of the matrices, and it worked for the modelview matrix, but the projection matrix doesn't work either way. Here is the code: import OpenGL from OpenGL.GL import * from OpenGL.GL.shaders import * from OpenGL.GLU import * from OpenGL.GLUT import * from OpenGL.GLUT.freeglut import * from OpenGL.arrays import vbo import numpy, math, sys strVS = """ attribute vec3 aVert; uniform mat4 uMVMatrix; uniform mat4 uPMatrix; uniform vec4 uColor; varying vec4 vCol; void main() { // option #1 - fails gl_Position = uPMatrix * uMVMatrix * vec4(aVert, 1.0); // option #2 - works gl_Position = vec4(aVert, 1.0); // set color vCol = vec4(uColor.rgb, 1.0); } """ strFS = """ varying vec4 vCol; void main() { // use vertex color gl_FragColor = vCol; } """ # particle system class class Scene: # initialization def __init__(self): # create shader self.program = compileProgram(compileShader(strVS, GL_VERTEX_SHADER), compileShader(strFS, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER)) glUseProgram(self.program) self.pMatrixUniform = glGetUniformLocation(self.program, 'uPMatrix') self.mvMatrixUniform = glGetUniformLocation(self.program, "uMVMatrix") self.colorU = glGetUniformLocation(self.program, "uColor") # attributes self.vertIndex = glGetAttribLocation(self.program, "aVert") # color self.col0 = [1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0] # define quad vertices s = 0.2 quadV = [ -s, s, 0.0, -s, -s, 0.0, s, s, 0.0, s, s, 0.0, -s, -s, 0.0, s, -s, 0.0 ] # vertices self.vertexBuffer = glGenBuffers(1) glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.vertexBuffer) vertexData = numpy.array(quadV, numpy.float32) glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 4*len(vertexData), vertexData, GL_STATIC_DRAW) # render def render(self, pMatrix, mvMatrix): # use shader glUseProgram(self.program) # set proj matrix glUniformMatrix4fv(self.pMatrixUniform, 1, GL_FALSE, pMatrix) # set modelview matrix glUniformMatrix4fv(self.mvMatrixUniform, 1, GL_FALSE, mvMatrix) # set color glUniform4fv(self.colorU, 1, self.col0) #enable arrays glEnableVertexAttribArray(self.vertIndex) # set buffers glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.vertexBuffer) glVertexAttribPointer(self.vertIndex, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, None) # draw glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6) # disable arrays glDisableVertexAttribArray(self.vertIndex) class Renderer: def __init__(self): pass def reshape(self, width, height): self.width = width self.height = height self.aspect = width/float(height) glViewport(0, 0, self.width, self.height) glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE) glClearColor(0.8, 0.8, 0.8,1.0) glutPostRedisplay() def keyPressed(self, *args): sys.exit() def draw(self): glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) # build projection matrix fov = math.radians(45.0) f = 1.0/math.tan(fov/2.0) zN, zF = (0.1, 100.0) a = self.aspect pMatrix = numpy.array([f/a, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, f, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, (zF+zN)/(zN-zF), -1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 2.0*zF*zN/(zN-zF), 0.0], numpy.float32) # modelview matrix mvMatrix = numpy.array([1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.0, -5.0, 1.0], numpy.float32) # render self.scene.render(pMatrix, mvMatrix) # swap buffers glutSwapBuffers() def run(self): glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA) glutInitWindowSize(400, 400) self.window = glutCreateWindow("Minimal") glutReshapeFunc(self.reshape) glutDisplayFunc(self.draw) glutKeyboardFunc(self.keyPressed) # Checks for key strokes self.scene = Scene() glutMainLoop() glutInit(sys.argv) prog = Renderer() prog.run() When I use option #2 in the shader without either matrix, I get the following output: What am I doing wrong?

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  • How to make item view render rich (html) text in PyQt?

    - by Giorgio Gelardi
    I'm trying to translate code from this thread in python: import sys from PyQt4.QtCore import * from PyQt4.QtGui import * __data__ = [ "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.", "Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.", "Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.", "Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum." ] def get_html_box(text): return '''<table border="0" width="100%"><tr width="100%" valign="top"> <td width="1%"><img src="softwarecenter.png"/></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" height="100%"> <tr><td><b><a href="http://www.google.com">titolo</a></b></td></tr> <tr><td>{0}</td></tr><tr><td align="right">88/88/8888, 88:88</td></tr> </table></td></tr></table>'''.format(text) class HTMLDelegate(QStyledItemDelegate): def paint(self, painter, option, index): model = index.model() record = model.listdata[index.row()] doc = QTextDocument(self) doc.setHtml(get_html_box(record)) doc.setTextWidth(option.rect.width()) painter.save() ctx = QAbstractTextDocumentLayout.PaintContext() ctx.clip = QRectF(0, option.rect.top(), option.rect.width(), option.rect.height()) dl = doc.documentLayout() dl.draw(painter, ctx) painter.restore() def sizeHint(self, option, index): model = index.model() record = model.listdata[index.row()] doc = QTextDocument(self) doc.setHtml(get_html_box(record)) doc.setTextWidth(option.rect.width()) return QSize(doc.idealWidth(), doc.size().height()) class MyListModel(QAbstractListModel): def __init__(self, parent=None, *args): super(MyListModel, self).__init__(parent, *args) self.listdata = __data__ def rowCount(self, parent=QModelIndex()): return len(self.listdata) def data(self, index, role=Qt.DisplayRole): return index.isValid() and QVariant(self.listdata[index.row()]) or QVariant() class MyWindow(QWidget): def __init__(self, *args): super(MyWindow, self).__init__(*args) # listview self.lv = QListView() self.lv.setModel(MyListModel(self)) self.lv.setItemDelegate(HTMLDelegate(self)) self.lv.setResizeMode(QListView.Adjust) # layout layout = QVBoxLayout() layout.addWidget(self.lv) self.setLayout(layout) if __name__ == "__main__": app = QApplication(sys.argv) w = MyWindow() w.show() sys.exit(app.exec_()) Element's size and position are not calculated correctly I guess, perhaps because I haven't understand at all the style related parts from original code. Can someone help me?

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  • 1) PasswordResets emails user when requesting password reset

    - by Surge Pedroza
    I've been trying to add a password reset for users that forget their password. The users clicks on forgot password? on sign up page. Then the user types their email and clicks reset password, which creates a token and sends an email with a link to reset their password. For the most part, it was working well, and then it suddenly stopped working. When a user clicks password reset, it brings up the error message: Password cant be blank, password is too short(6 min) Ran into this error in video 275 How I Test. on 11:20 Failure/Error: click_button "Reset Password" ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid: Validation failed: Password can't be blank, Password is too short (minimum is 6 characters), Password confirmation can't be blank # ./app/models/user.rb:30:in send_password_reset' # ./app/controllers/password_resets_controller.rb:7:increate' # (eval):2:in click_button' # ./spec/requests/password_resets_spec.rb:9:inblock (2 levels) in ' Finished in 13.66 seconds 95 examples, 1 failure This is some of the code being used. user.rb # == Schema Information # # Table name: users # # id :integer not null, primary key # name :string(255) # email :string(255) # created_at :datetime not null # updated_at :datetime not null # class User < ActiveRecord::Base attr_accessible :name, :email, :password, :password_confirmation has_secure_password before_save { |user| user.email = email.downcase } before_save :create_remember_token validates :name, presence: true, length: { maximum: 50 } VALID_EMAIL_REGEX = /\A[\w+\-.]+@[a-z\d\-.]+\.[a-z]+\z/i validates :email, presence: true, format: { with: VALID_EMAIL_REGEX }, uniqueness: { case_sensitive: false } validates :password, presence: true, length: { minimum: 6 } validates :password_confirmation, presence: true def send_password_reset generate_token(:password_reset_token) self.password_reset_sent_at = Time.zone.now save! UserMailer.password_reset(self).deliver end def generate_token(column) begin self[column] = SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64 end while User.exists?(column => self[column]) end def self.search(search) if search find(:all, :conditions => ['name LIKE ?', "%#{search}%"]) else find(:all) end end private def create_remember_token self.remember_token = SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64 end end password_resets_controller.rb class PasswordResetsController < ApplicationController def new end def create user = User.find_by_email(params[:email]) user.send_password_reset redirect_to root_url, :notice => "Email sent with password reset instructions." end def edit @user = User.find_by_password_reset_token!(params[:id]) end end new.html.erb <h1>Reset Password</h1> <%= form_tag password_resets_path, :method => :post do %> <div class="field"> <%= label_tag :email %> <%= text_field_tag :email, params[:email] %> </div> <div class="actions"><%= submit_tag "Reset Password" %></div> <% end %>

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  • When the user first visits the page I want all the checkboxes to be checked in my index page. Below is the code from my controller and index.html.haml

    - by user1760920
    I want the checkbox to be checked when the user visits the page for the first time. -# This file is app/views/movies/index.html.haml %h1 All Movies = form_tag movies_path, :method => :get, :id => 'ratings_form' do Include: - @all_ratings.each do |rating| = rating = check_box_tag "ratings[#{rating}]", "1", @checked_ratings.include?(rating), :id => "ratings_#{rating}", = submit_tag 'Refresh', :id => 'ratings_submit' %table#movies %thead %tr %th{:class => ("hilite" if @sort == "title")}= link_to "Movie Title", movies_path( :sort => "title", :ratings => @checked_ratings), :id => "title_header" %th Rating %th{:class => ("hilite" if @sort == "release_date")}= link_to "Release Date", movies_path( :sort => "release_date", :ratings => @checked_ratings), :id => "release_date_header" %th More Info %tbody - @movies.each do |movie| %tr %td= movie.title %td= movie.rating %td= movie.release_date %td= link_to "More about #{movie.title}", movie_path(movie) = link_to 'Add new movie', new_movie_path #This is my Controller class MoviesController < ApplicationController def show id = params[:id] # retrieve movie ID from URI route @movie = Movie.find(id) # look up movie by unique ID # will render app/views/movies/show.<extension> by default end def index #get all the ratings available @all_ratings = Movie.all_ratings @checked_ratings = (params[:ratings].present? ? params[:ratings] : []) @sort = params[:sort] @movies = Movie.scoped if @sort && Movie.attribute_names.include?(@sort) @movies = @movies.order @sort end id @checked_ratings.empty? @checked_ratings = @all_ratings end unless @checked_ratings.empty? @movies = @movies.where :rating => @checked_ratings.keys end end def new # default: render 'new' template end def create @movie = Movie.create!(params[:movie]) flash[:notice] = "#{@movie.title} was successfully created." redirect_to movies_path end def edit @movie = Movie.find params[:id] end def update @movie = Movie.find params[:id] @movie.update_attributes!(params[:movie]) flash[:notice] = "#{@movie.title} was successfully updated." redirect_to movie_path(@movie) end def destroy @movie = Movie.find(params[:id]) @movie.destroy flash[:notice] = "Movie '#{@movie.title}' deleted." redirect_to movies_path end end In the controller, I set the @checked_rating to be @all_rating if the @checked.rating is empty but it does not do anything. I tried putting :checked = true in the index.html.haml on the check_box_tag but that makes the checkboxes checked everytime the page is refreshed. Everytime I check a particular checkbox and hit refresh button the page loads with all the checkboxes checked. Please help me with this. Thank you in Advance.

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  • qwebview in pyside after packaged with pyinstaller goes wrong

    - by truease.com
    Here's my code import sys from PySide.QtCore import * from PySide.QtGui import * from PySide.QtWebKit import * from encodings import * from codecs import * class BrowserWindow( QWidget ): def __init__( self, parent=None ): QWidget.__init__( self, parent ) self.Setup() self.SetupEvent() def Setup( self ): self.setWindowTitle( u"Truease Speedy Browser" ) self.addr_input = QLineEdit() self.addr_go = QPushButton( "GO" ) self.addr_bar = QHBoxLayout() self.addr_bar.addWidget( self.addr_input ) self.addr_bar.addWidget( self.addr_go ) for attr in [ QWebSettings.AutoLoadImages, QWebSettings.JavascriptEnabled, QWebSettings.JavaEnabled, QWebSettings.PluginsEnabled, QWebSettings.JavascriptCanOpenWindows, QWebSettings.JavascriptCanAccessClipboard, QWebSettings.DeveloperExtrasEnabled, QWebSettings.SpatialNavigationEnabled, QWebSettings.OfflineStorageDatabaseEnabled, QWebSettings.OfflineWebApplicationCacheEnabled, QWebSettings.LocalStorageEnabled, QWebSettings.LocalStorageDatabaseEnabled, QWebSettings.LocalContentCanAccessRemoteUrls, QWebSettings.LocalContentCanAccessFileUrls, ]: QWebSettings.globalSettings().setAttribute( attr, True ) self.web_view = QWebView() self.web_view.load( "http://www.baidu.com" ) layout = QVBoxLayout() layout.addLayout( self.addr_bar ) layout.addWidget( self.web_view ) self.setLayout( layout ) def SetupEvent( self ): self.connect( self.addr_input, SIGNAL("editingFinished()"), self, SLOT("Load()"), ) self.connect( self.addr_go, SIGNAL("pressed()"), self, SLOT("Load()") ) self.connect( self.web_view, SIGNAL("urlChanged(const QUrl&)"), self, SLOT("SetURL()"), ) def Load( self, *args, **kwargs ): url = self.GetCleanedURL() if url != self.CurrentURL(): self.web_view.load( url ) def SetURL( self, *args, **kwargs ): self.addr_input.setText( self.CurrentURL() ) def GetCleanedURL( self ): url = self.addr_input.text().strip() if not url.startswith("http"): url = "http://" + url return url def CurrentURL( self ): url = self.web_view.url().toString() return url def Main(): app = QApplication( sys.argv ) widget = BrowserWindow() widget.show() return app.exec_() if __name__ == '__main__': sys.exit( Main() ) I works well when i using python browser.py. but it goes wrong after packaged with pyinstaller -w browser.py. it doesn't load images can only display correct text in utf-8 And this is the pyinstaller output: E:\true\wuk\app2>pyinstaller -w b.py 16 INFO: wrote E:\true\wuk\app2\b.spec 16 INFO: Testing for ability to set icons, version resources... 32 INFO: ... resource update available 32 INFO: UPX is not available. 46 INFO: Processing hook hook-os 141 INFO: Processing hook hook-time 157 INFO: Processing hook hook-cPickle 218 INFO: Processing hook hook-_sre 312 INFO: Processing hook hook-cStringIO 407 INFO: Processing hook hook-encodings 421 INFO: Processing hook hook-codecs 750 INFO: Processing hook hook-httplib 750 INFO: Processing hook hook-email 843 INFO: Processing hook hook-email.message 1046 WARNING: library python%s%s required via ctypes not found 1171 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with E:\true\wuk\app2 1171 INFO: checking Analysis 1171 INFO: building because b.py changed 1171 INFO: running Analysis out00-Analysis.toc 1171 INFO: Adding Microsoft.VC90.CRT to dependent assemblies of final executable 1171 INFO: Searching for assembly x86_Microsoft.VC90.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_x-ww ... 1171 INFO: Found manifest C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\Manifests\x86_Microsoft.VC90.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_x-ww_d08d0375.manifest 1187 INFO: Searching for file msvcr90.dll 1187 INFO: Found file C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\x86_Microsoft.VC90.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_x-ww_d08d0375\msvcr90.dll 1187 INFO: Searching for file msvcp90.dll 1187 INFO: Found file C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\x86_Microsoft.VC90.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_x-ww_d08d0375\msvcp90.dll 1187 INFO: Searching for file msvcm90.dll 1187 INFO: Found file C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\x86_Microsoft.VC90.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_x-ww_d08d0375\msvcm90.dll 1266 INFO: Analyzing D:\Applications\Python\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1-py2.7.egg\PyInstaller\loader\_pyi_bootstrap.py 1266 INFO: Processing hook hook-os 1282 INFO: Processing hook hook-site 1296 INFO: Processing hook hook-encodings 1391 INFO: Processing hook hook-time 1407 INFO: Processing hook hook-cPickle 1468 INFO: Processing hook hook-_sre 1578 INFO: Processing hook hook-cStringIO 1671 INFO: Processing hook hook-codecs 2016 INFO: Processing hook hook-httplib 2016 INFO: Processing hook hook-email 2109 INFO: Processing hook hook-email.message 2312 WARNING: library python%s%s required via ctypes not found 2468 INFO: Processing hook hook-pydoc 2516 INFO: Analyzing D:\Applications\Python\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1-py2.7.egg\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_importers.py 2609 INFO: Analyzing D:\Applications\Python\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1-py2.7.egg\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_archive.py 2687 INFO: Analyzing D:\Applications\Python\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1-py2.7.egg\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_carchive.py 2782 INFO: Analyzing D:\Applications\Python\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1-py2.7.egg\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_os_path.py 2782 INFO: Analyzing b.py 2796 INFO: Processing hook hook-PySide 2875 INFO: Hidden import 'codecs' has been found otherwise 2875 INFO: Hidden import 'encodings' has been found otherwise 2875 INFO: Looking for run-time hooks 7766 INFO: Using Python library C:\WINDOWS\system32\python27.dll 7796 INFO: E:\true\wuk\app2\build\b\out00-Analysis.toc no change! 7796 INFO: checking PYZ 7812 INFO: checking PKG 7812 INFO: building because E:\true\wuk\app2\build\b\b.exe.manifest changed 7812 INFO: building PKG (CArchive) out00-PKG.pkg 7828 INFO: checking EXE 7843 INFO: rebuilding out00-EXE.toc because pkg is more recent 7843 INFO: building EXE from out00-EXE.toc 7843 INFO: Appending archive to EXE E:\true\wuk\app2\build\b\b.exe 7843 INFO: checking COLLECT 7843 INFO: building COLLECT out00-COLLECT.toc Use pyinstaller browser.py, and in the console window i got QFont::setPixelSize: Pixel size <= 0 (0) QSslSocket: cannot call unresolved function SSLv23_client_method QSslSocket: cannot call unresolved function SSL_CTX_new QSslSocket: cannot call unresolved function SSL_library_init QSslSocket: cannot call unresolved function ERR_get_error QSslSocket: cannot call unresolved function SSLv23_client_method QSslSocket: cannot call unresolved function SSL_CTX_new QSslSocket: cannot call unresolved function SSL_library_init QSslSocket: cannot call unresolved function ERR_get_error QSslSocket: cannot call unresolved function SSLv23_client_method QSslSocket: cannot call unresolved function SSL_CTX_new QSslSocket: cannot call unresolved function SSL_library_init QSslSocket: cannot call unresolved function ERR_get_error QSslSocket: cannot call unresolved function SSLv23_client_method QSslSocket: cannot call unresolved function SSL_CTX_new QSslSocket: cannot call unresolved function SSL_library_init QSslSocket: cannot call unresolved function ERR_get_error QFont::setPixelSize: Pixel size <= 0 (0)

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  • Building an interleaved buffer for pyopengl and numpy

    - by Nick Sonneveld
    I'm trying to batch up a bunch of vertices and texture coords in an interleaved array before sending it to pyOpengl's glInterleavedArrays/glDrawArrays. The only problem is that I'm unable to find a suitably fast enough way to append data into a numpy array. Is there a better way to do this? I would have thought it would be quicker to preallocate the array and then fill it with data but instead, generating a python list and converting it to a numpy array is "faster". Although 15ms for 4096 quads seems slow. I have included some example code and their timings. #!/usr/bin/python import timeit import numpy import ctypes import random USE_RANDOM=True USE_STATIC_BUFFER=True STATIC_BUFFER = numpy.empty(4096*20, dtype=numpy.float32) def render(i): # pretend these are different each time if USE_RANDOM: tex_left, tex_right, tex_top, tex_bottom = random.random(), random.random(), random.random(), random.random() left, right, top, bottom = random.random(), random.random(), random.random(), random.random() else: tex_left, tex_right, tex_top, tex_bottom = 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0 left, right, top, bottom = -1.0, 1.0, 1.0, -1.0 ibuffer = ( tex_left, tex_bottom, left, bottom, 0.0, # Lower left corner tex_right, tex_bottom, right, bottom, 0.0, # Lower right corner tex_right, tex_top, right, top, 0.0, # Upper right corner tex_left, tex_top, left, top, 0.0, # upper left ) return ibuffer # create python list.. convert to numpy array at end def create_array_1(): ibuffer = [] for x in xrange(4096): data = render(x) ibuffer += data ibuffer = numpy.array(ibuffer, dtype=numpy.float32) return ibuffer # numpy.array, placing individually by index def create_array_2(): if USE_STATIC_BUFFER: ibuffer = STATIC_BUFFER else: ibuffer = numpy.empty(4096*20, dtype=numpy.float32) index = 0 for x in xrange(4096): data = render(x) for v in data: ibuffer[index] = v index += 1 return ibuffer # using slicing def create_array_3(): if USE_STATIC_BUFFER: ibuffer = STATIC_BUFFER else: ibuffer = numpy.empty(4096*20, dtype=numpy.float32) index = 0 for x in xrange(4096): data = render(x) ibuffer[index:index+20] = data index += 20 return ibuffer # using numpy.concat on a list of ibuffers def create_array_4(): ibuffer_concat = [] for x in xrange(4096): data = render(x) # converting makes a diff! data = numpy.array(data, dtype=numpy.float32) ibuffer_concat.append(data) return numpy.concatenate(ibuffer_concat) # using numpy array.put def create_array_5(): if USE_STATIC_BUFFER: ibuffer = STATIC_BUFFER else: ibuffer = numpy.empty(4096*20, dtype=numpy.float32) index = 0 for x in xrange(4096): data = render(x) ibuffer.put( xrange(index, index+20), data) index += 20 return ibuffer # using ctype array CTYPES_ARRAY = ctypes.c_float*(4096*20) def create_array_6(): ibuffer = [] for x in xrange(4096): data = render(x) ibuffer += data ibuffer = CTYPES_ARRAY(*ibuffer) return ibuffer def equals(a, b): for i,v in enumerate(a): if b[i] != v: return False return True if __name__ == "__main__": number = 100 # if random, don't try and compare arrays if not USE_RANDOM and not USE_STATIC_BUFFER: a = create_array_1() assert equals( a, create_array_2() ) assert equals( a, create_array_3() ) assert equals( a, create_array_4() ) assert equals( a, create_array_5() ) assert equals( a, create_array_6() ) t = timeit.Timer( "testing2.create_array_1()", "import testing2" ) print 'from list:', t.timeit(number)/number*1000.0, 'ms' t = timeit.Timer( "testing2.create_array_2()", "import testing2" ) print 'array: indexed:', t.timeit(number)/number*1000.0, 'ms' t = timeit.Timer( "testing2.create_array_3()", "import testing2" ) print 'array: slicing:', t.timeit(number)/number*1000.0, 'ms' t = timeit.Timer( "testing2.create_array_4()", "import testing2" ) print 'array: concat:', t.timeit(number)/number*1000.0, 'ms' t = timeit.Timer( "testing2.create_array_5()", "import testing2" ) print 'array: put:', t.timeit(number)/number*1000.0, 'ms' t = timeit.Timer( "testing2.create_array_6()", "import testing2" ) print 'ctypes float array:', t.timeit(number)/number*1000.0, 'ms' Timings using random numbers: $ python testing2.py from list: 15.0486779213 ms array: indexed: 24.8184704781 ms array: slicing: 50.2214789391 ms array: concat: 44.1691994667 ms array: put: 73.5879898071 ms ctypes float array: 20.6674289703 ms edit note: changed code to produce random numbers for each render to reduce object reuse and to simulate different vertices each time. edit note2: added static buffer and force all numpy.empty() to use dtype=float32 note 1/Apr/2010: still no progress and I don't really feel that any of the answers have solved the problem yet.

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  • Error when reloading supervisord: unix:///tmp/supervisor.sock no such file

    - by Yarin
    I'm running supervisord on my CentOS 6 box like so, /usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf and when I launch supervisorctl all process status are fine, but if I try to reload using supervisorctl I get unix:///tmp/supervisor.sock no such file I'm using the same config file I've used successfully on other boxes, and im running everything as root. I can't undesrtand what the problem is... Config file: ; Sample supervisor config file. [unix_http_server] file=/tmp/supervisor.sock ; (the path to the socket file) ;chmod=0700 ; socket file mode (default 0700) ;chown=nobody:nogroup ; socket file uid:gid owner ;username=user ; (default is no username (open server)) ;password=123 ; (default is no password (open server)) ;[inet_http_server] ; inet (TCP) server disabled by default ;port=127.0.0.1:9001 ; (ip_address:port specifier, *:port for all iface) ;username=user ; (default is no username (open server)) ;password=123 ; (default is no password (open server)) [supervisord] logfile=/tmp/supervisord.log ; (main log file;default $CWD/supervisord.log) logfile_maxbytes=50MB ; (max main logfile bytes b4 rotation;default 50MB) logfile_backups=10 ; (num of main logfile rotation backups;default 10) loglevel=info ; (log level;default info; others: debug,warn,trace) pidfile=/tmp/supervisord.pid ; (supervisord pidfile;default supervisord.pid) nodaemon=false ; (start in foreground if true;default false) minfds=1024 ; (min. avail startup file descriptors;default 1024) minprocs=200 ; (min. avail process descriptors;default 200) ;umask=022 ; (process file creation umask;default 022) ;user=chrism ; (default is current user, required if root) ;identifier=supervisor ; (supervisord identifier, default is 'supervisor') ;directory=/tmp ; (default is not to cd during start) ;nocleanup=true ; (don't clean up tempfiles at start;default false) ;childlogdir=/tmp ; ('AUTO' child log dir, default $TEMP) ;environment=KEY=value ; (key value pairs to add to environment) ;strip_ansi=false ; (strip ansi escape codes in logs; def. false) ; the below section must remain in the config file for RPC ; (supervisorctl/web interface) to work, additional interfaces may be ; added by defining them in separate rpcinterface: sections [rpcinterface:supervisor] supervisor.rpcinterface_factory = supervisor.rpcinterface:make_main_rpcinterface [supervisorctl] serverurl=unix:///tmp/supervisor.sock ; use a unix:// URL for a unix socket ;serverurl=http://127.0.0.1:9001 ; use an http:// url to specify an inet socket ;username=chris ; should be same as http_username if set ;password=123 ; should be same as http_password if set ;prompt=mysupervisor ; cmd line prompt (default "supervisor") ;history_file=~/.sc_history ; use readline history if available ; The below sample program section shows all possible program subsection values, ; create one or more 'real' program: sections to be able to control them under ; supervisor. ;[program:foo] ;command=/bin/cat [program:embed_scheduler] command=/opt/web-apps/mywebsite/custom_process.py process_name=%(program_name)s_%(process_num)d numprocs=3 ;[program:theprogramname] ;command=/bin/cat ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args) ;process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s) ;numprocs=1 ; number of processes copies to start (def 1) ;directory=/tmp ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd) ;umask=022 ; umask for process (default None) ;priority=999 ; the relative start priority (default 999) ;autostart=true ; start at supervisord start (default: true) ;autorestart=unexpected ; whether/when to restart (default: unexpected) ;startsecs=1 ; number of secs prog must stay running (def. 1) ;startretries=3 ; max # of serial start failures (default 3) ;exitcodes=0,2 ; 'expected' exit codes for process (default 0,2) ;stopsignal=QUIT ; signal used to kill process (default TERM) ;stopwaitsecs=10 ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10) ;killasgroup=false ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false) ;user=chrism ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program ;redirect_stderr=true ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false) ;stdout_logfile=/a/path ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO ;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB) ;stdout_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stdout logfile backups (default 10) ;stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0) ;stdout_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stdout writes (default false) ;stderr_logfile=/a/path ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO ;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB) ;stderr_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stderr logfile backups (default 10) ;stderr_capture_maxbytes=1MB ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0) ;stderr_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stderr writes (default false) ;environment=A=1,B=2 ; process environment additions (def no adds) ;serverurl=AUTO ; override serverurl computation (childutils) ; The below sample eventlistener section shows all possible ; eventlistener subsection values, create one or more 'real' ; eventlistener: sections to be able to handle event notifications ; sent by supervisor. ;[eventlistener:theeventlistenername] ;command=/bin/eventlistener ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args) ;process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s) ;numprocs=1 ; number of processes copies to start (def 1) ;events=EVENT ; event notif. types to subscribe to (req'd) ;buffer_size=10 ; event buffer queue size (default 10) ;directory=/tmp ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd) ;umask=022 ; umask for process (default None) ;priority=-1 ; the relative start priority (default -1) ;autostart=true ; start at supervisord start (default: true) ;autorestart=unexpected ; whether/when to restart (default: unexpected) ;startsecs=1 ; number of secs prog must stay running (def. 1) ;startretries=3 ; max # of serial start failures (default 3) ;exitcodes=0,2 ; 'expected' exit codes for process (default 0,2) ;stopsignal=QUIT ; signal used to kill process (default TERM) ;stopwaitsecs=10 ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10) ;killasgroup=false ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false) ;user=chrism ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program ;redirect_stderr=true ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false) ;stdout_logfile=/a/path ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO ;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB) ;stdout_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stdout logfile backups (default 10) ;stdout_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stdout writes (default false) ;stderr_logfile=/a/path ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO ;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB) ;stderr_logfile_backups ; # of stderr logfile backups (default 10) ;stderr_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stderr writes (default false) ;environment=A=1,B=2 ; process environment additions ;serverurl=AUTO ; override serverurl computation (childutils) ; The below sample group section shows all possible group values, ; create one or more 'real' group: sections to create "heterogeneous" ; process groups. ;[group:thegroupname] ;programs=progname1,progname2 ; each refers to 'x' in [program:x] definitions ;priority=999 ; the relative start priority (default 999) ; The [include] section can just contain the "files" setting. This ; setting can list multiple files (separated by whitespace or ; newlines). It can also contain wildcards. The filenames are ; interpreted as relative to this file. Included files *cannot* ; include files themselves. ;[include] ;files = relative/directory/*.ini

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  • Hibernate : Foreign key constraint violation problem

    - by Vinze
    I have a com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.MySQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException in my code (using Hibernate and Spring) and I can't figure why. My entities are Corpus and Semspace and there's a many-to-one relation from Semspace to Corpus as defined in my hibernate mapping configuration : <class name="xxx.entities.Semspace" table="Semspace" lazy="false" batch-size="30"> <id name="id" column="idSemspace" type="java.lang.Integer" unsaved-value="null"> <generator class="identity"/> </id> <property name="name" column="name" type="java.lang.String" not-null="true" unique="true" /> <many-to-one name="corpus" class="xxx.entities.Corpus" column="idCorpus" insert="false" update="false" /> [...] </class> <class name="xxx.entities.Corpus" table="Corpus" lazy="false" batch-size="30"> <id name="id" column="idCorpus" type="java.lang.Integer" unsaved-value="null"> <generator class="identity"/> </id> <property name="name" column="name" type="java.lang.String" not-null="true" unique="true" /> </class> And the Java code generating the exception is : Corpus corpus = Spring.getCorpusDAO().getCorpusById(corpusId); Semspace semspace = new Semspace(); semspace.setCorpus(corpus); semspace.setName(name); Spring.getSemspaceDAO().save(semspace); I checked and the corpus variable is not null (so it is in database as retrieved with the DAO) The full exception is : com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.MySQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`xxx/Semspace`, CONSTRAINT `FK4D6019AB6556109` FOREIGN KEY (`idCorpus`) REFERENCES `Corpus` (`idCorpus`)) at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:931) at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:2941) at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:1623) at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:1715) at com.mysql.jdbc.Connection.execSQL(Connection.java:3249) at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeInternal(PreparedStatement.java:1268) at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeUpdate(PreparedStatement.java:1541) at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeUpdate(PreparedStatement.java:1455) at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeUpdate(PreparedStatement.java:1440) at org.apache.commons.dbcp.DelegatingPreparedStatement.executeUpdate(DelegatingPreparedStatement.java:102) at org.hibernate.id.IdentityGenerator$GetGeneratedKeysDelegate.executeAndExtract(IdentityGenerator.java:73) at org.hibernate.id.insert.AbstractReturningDelegate.performInsert(AbstractReturningDelegate.java:33) at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:2158) at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:2638) at org.hibernate.action.EntityIdentityInsertAction.execute(EntityIdentityInsertAction.java:48) at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.execute(ActionQueue.java:250) at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSaveOrReplicate(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:298) at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSave(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:181) at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractSaveEventListener.saveWithGeneratedId(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:107) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.saveWithGeneratedOrRequestedId(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:187) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultSaveEventListener.saveWithGeneratedOrRequestedId(DefaultSaveEventListener.java:33) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsTransient(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:172) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultSaveEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveEventListener.java:27) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.onSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:70) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.fireSave(SessionImpl.java:535) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.save(SessionImpl.java:523) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.save(SessionImpl.java:519) at org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate$12.doInHibernate(HibernateTemplate.java:642) at org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate.execute(HibernateTemplate.java:373) at org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate.save(HibernateTemplate.java:639) at xxx.dao.impl.AbstractDAO.save(AbstractDAO.java:26) at org.apache.jsp.functions.semspaceManagement_jsp._jspService(semspaceManagement_jsp.java:218) [...] The foreign key constraint has been created (and added to database) by hibernate and I don't see where the constraint can be violated. The table are innodb and I tried to drop all tables and recreate it the problem remains... EDIT : Well I think I have a start of answer... I change the log level of hibernate to DEBUG and before it crash I have the following log insert into Semspace (name, [...]) values (?, [...]) So it looks like it does not try to insert the idCorpus and as it is not null it uses the default value "0" which does not refers to an existing entry in Corpus table...

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  • rails: "unknown action" message when action is clearly specified

    - by john
    hi, I had hard time to figure out why I've been getting "unknown action" error message when I was do some editing: Unknown action No action responded to 11. Actions: bin, create, destroy, edit, index, new, observe_new, show, tag, update, and vote you can see that Rails did mention each action in the above list - update. And in my form, I did specify action = "update". I wonder if some friends could kindly help me with the missing links... here is the code: edit.rhtml <h1>Editing tip</h1> <% form_tag :action => 'update', :id => @tip do %> <%= render :partial => 'form' %> <p> <%= submit_tag_or_cancel 'Save Changes' %> </p> <% end %> _form.rhtml <%= error_messages_for :tip %> <p><label>Title<br/> <%= text_field :tip, :title %></label></p> <p><label>Categories<br/> <%= select_tag('categories[]', options_for_select(Category.find(:all).collect {|c| [c.name, c.id] }, @tip.category_ids), :multiple => true ) %></label></p> <p><label>Abstract:<br/> <%= text_field_with_auto_complete :tip, :abstract %></label></p> <p><label>Name: <br/> <%= text_field :tip, :name %></label></p> <p><label>Link: <br/> <%= text_field :tip, :link %></label></p> <p><label>Content<br/> <%= text_area :tip, :content, :rows => 5 %></label></p> <p><label>Tags <span>(space separated)</span><br/> <%= text_field_tag 'tags', @tip.tag_list, :size => 40 %></label></p> class TipsController < ApplicationController before_filter :authenticate, :except => %w(index show) # GET /tips # GET /tips.xml def index @tips = Tip.all respond_to do |format| format.html # index.html.erb format.xml { render :xml => @tips } end end # GET /tips/1 # GET /tips/1.xml def show @tip = Tip.find_by_permalink(params[:permalink]) respond_to do |format| format.html # show.html.erb format.xml { render :xml => @tip } end end # GET /tips/new # GET /tips/new.xml def new @tip = session[:tip_draft] || current_user.tips.build end def create #tip = current_user.tips.build(params[:tip]) #tipMail=params[:email] #if tipMail # TipMailer.deliver_email_friend(params[:email], params[:name], tip) # flash[:notice] = 'Your friend has been notified about this tip' #end @tip = current_user.tips.build(params[:tip]) @tip.categories << Category.find(params[:categories]) unless params[:categories].blank? @tip.tag_with(params[:tags]) if params[:tags] if @tip.save flash[:notice] = 'Tip was successfully created.' session[:tip_draft] = nil redirect_to :action => 'index' else render :action => 'new' end end def edit @tip = Tip.find(params[:id]) end def update @tip = Tip.find(params[:id]) respond_to do |format| if @tip.update_attributes(params[:tip]) flash[:notice] = 'Tip was successfully updated.' format.html { redirect_to(@tip) } format.xml { head :ok } else format.html { render :action => "edit" } format.xml { render :xml => @tip.errors, :status => :unprocessable_entity } end end end def destroy @tip = Tip.find(params[:id]) @tip.destroy respond_to do |format| format.html { redirect_to(tips_url) } format.xml { head :ok } end end def observe_new session[:tip_draft] = current_user.tips.build(params[:tip]) render :nothing => true end end

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  • Why does this valid Tkinter code crash when mixed with a bit of PyWin32?

    - by Erlog
    So I'm making a very small program for personal use in tkinter, and I've run into a really strange wall. I'm mixing tkinter with the pywin32 bindings because I really hate everything to do with the syntax and naming conventions of pywin32, and it feels like tkinter gets more done with far less code. The strangeness is happening in the transition between the pywin32 clipboard watching and my program's reaction to it in tkinter. My window and all its controls are being handled in tkinter. The pywin32 bindings are doing clipboard watching and clipboard access when the clipboard changes. From what I've gathered about the way the clipboard watching pieces of pywin32 work, you can make it work with anything you want as long as you provide pywin32 with the hwnd value of your window. I'm doing that part, and it works when the program first starts. It just doesn't seem to work when the clipboard changes. When the program launches, it grabs the clipboard and puts it into the search box and edit box just fine. When the clipboard is modified, the event I want to fire off is firing off...except that event that totally worked before when the program launched is now causing a weird hang instead of doing what it's supposed to do. I can print the clipboard contents to stdout all I want if the clipboard changes, but not put that same data into a tkinter widget. It only hangs like that if it starts to interact with any of my tkinter widgets after being fired off by a clipboard change notification. It feels like there's some pywin32 etiquette I've missed in adapting the clipboard-watching sample code I was using over to my tkinter-using program. Tkinter apparently doesn't like to produce stack traces or error messages, and I can't really even begin to know what to look for trying to debug it with pdb. Here's the code: #coding: utf-8 #Clipboard watching cribbed from ## {{{ http://code.activestate.com/recipes/355593/ (r1) import pdb from Tkinter import * import win32clipboard import win32api import win32gui import win32con import win32clipboard def force_unicode(object, encoding="utf-8"): if isinstance(object, basestring) and not isinstance(object, unicode): object = unicode(object, encoding) return object class Application(Frame): def __init__(self, master=None): self.master = master Frame.__init__(self, master) self.pack() self.createWidgets() self.hwnd = self.winfo_id() self.nextWnd = None self.first = True self.oldWndProc = win32gui.SetWindowLong(self.hwnd, win32con.GWL_WNDPROC, self.MyWndProc) try: self.nextWnd = win32clipboard.SetClipboardViewer(self.hwnd) except win32api.error: if win32api.GetLastError () == 0: # information that there is no other window in chain pass else: raise self.update_search_box() self.word_search() def word_search(self): #pdb.set_trace() term = self.searchbox.get() self.resultsbox.insert(END, term) def update_search_box(self): clipboardtext = "" if win32clipboard.IsClipboardFormatAvailable(win32clipboard.CF_TEXT): win32clipboard.OpenClipboard() clipboardtext = win32clipboard.GetClipboardData() win32clipboard.CloseClipboard() if clipboardtext != "": self.searchbox.delete(0,END) clipboardtext = force_unicode(clipboardtext) self.searchbox.insert(0, clipboardtext) def createWidgets(self): self.button = Button(self) self.button["text"] = "Search" self.button["command"] = self.word_search self.searchbox = Entry(self) self.resultsbox = Text(self) #Pack everything down here for "easy" layout changes later self.searchbox.pack() self.button.pack() self.resultsbox.pack() def MyWndProc (self, hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam): if msg == win32con.WM_CHANGECBCHAIN: self.OnChangeCBChain(msg, wParam, lParam) elif msg == win32con.WM_DRAWCLIPBOARD: self.OnDrawClipboard(msg, wParam, lParam) # Restore the old WndProc. Notice the use of win32api # instead of win32gui here. This is to avoid an error due to # not passing a callable object. if msg == win32con.WM_DESTROY: if self.nextWnd: win32clipboard.ChangeClipboardChain (self.hwnd, self.nextWnd) else: win32clipboard.ChangeClipboardChain (self.hwnd, 0) win32api.SetWindowLong(self.hwnd, win32con.GWL_WNDPROC, self.oldWndProc) # Pass all messages (in this case, yours may be different) on # to the original WndProc return win32gui.CallWindowProc(self.oldWndProc, hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam) def OnChangeCBChain (self, msg, wParam, lParam): if self.nextWnd == wParam: # repair the chain self.nextWnd = lParam if self.nextWnd: # pass the message to the next window in chain win32api.SendMessage (self.nextWnd, msg, wParam, lParam) def OnDrawClipboard (self, msg, wParam, lParam): if self.first: self.first = False else: #print "changed" self.word_search() #self.word_search() if self.nextWnd: # pass the message to the next window in chain win32api.SendMessage(self.nextWnd, msg, wParam, lParam) if __name__ == "__main__": root = Tk() app = Application(master=root) app.mainloop() root.destroy()

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  • One letter game problem?

    - by Alex K
    Recently at a job interview I was given the following problem: Write a script capable of running on the command line as python It should take in two words on the command line (or optionally if you'd prefer it can query the user to supply the two words via the console). Given those two words: a. Ensure they are of equal length b. Ensure they are both words present in the dictionary of valid words in the English language that you downloaded. If so compute whether you can reach the second word from the first by a series of steps as follows a. You can change one letter at a time b. Each time you change a letter the resulting word must also exist in the dictionary c. You cannot add or remove letters If the two words are reachable, the script should print out the path which leads as a single, shortest path from one word to the other. You can /usr/share/dict/words for your dictionary of words. My solution consisted of using breadth first search to find a shortest path between two words. But apparently that wasn't good enough to get the job :( Would you guys know what I could have done wrong? Thank you so much. import collections import functools import re def time_func(func): import time def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): start = time.time() res = func(*args, **kwargs) timed = time.time() - start setattr(wrapper, 'time_taken', timed) return res functools.update_wrapper(wrapper, func) return wrapper class OneLetterGame: def __init__(self, dict_path): self.dict_path = dict_path self.words = set() def run(self, start_word, end_word): '''Runs the one letter game with the given start and end words. ''' assert len(start_word) == len(end_word), \ 'Start word and end word must of the same length.' self.read_dict(len(start_word)) path = self.shortest_path(start_word, end_word) if not path: print 'There is no path between %s and %s (took %.2f sec.)' % ( start_word, end_word, find_shortest_path.time_taken) else: print 'The shortest path (found in %.2f sec.) is:\n=> %s' % ( self.shortest_path.time_taken, ' -- '.join(path)) def _bfs(self, start): '''Implementation of breadth first search as a generator. The portion of the graph to explore is given on demand using get_neighboors. Care was taken so that a vertex / node is explored only once. ''' queue = collections.deque([(None, start)]) inqueue = set([start]) while queue: parent, node = queue.popleft() yield parent, node new = set(self.get_neighbours(node)) - inqueue inqueue = inqueue | new queue.extend([(node, child) for child in new]) @time_func def shortest_path(self, start, end): '''Returns the shortest path from start to end using bfs. ''' assert start in self.words, 'Start word not in dictionnary.' assert end in self.words, 'End word not in dictionnary.' paths = {None: []} for parent, child in self._bfs(start): paths[child] = paths[parent] + [child] if child == end: return paths[child] return None def get_neighbours(self, word): '''Gets every word one letter away from the a given word. We do not keep these words in memory because bfs accesses a given vertex only once. ''' neighbours = [] p_word = ['^' + word[0:i] + '\w' + word[i+1:] + '$' for i, w in enumerate(word)] p_word = '|'.join(p_word) for w in self.words: if w != word and re.match(p_word, w, re.I|re.U): neighbours += [w] return neighbours def read_dict(self, size): '''Loads every word of a specific size from the dictionnary into memory. ''' for l in open(self.dict_path): l = l.decode('latin-1').strip().lower() if len(l) == size: self.words.add(l) if __name__ == '__main__': import sys if len(sys.argv) not in [3, 4]: print 'Usage: python one_letter_game.py start_word end_word' else: g = OneLetterGame(dict_path = '/usr/share/dict/words') try: g.run(*sys.argv[1:]) except AssertionError, e: print e

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