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What is the full "for" loop syntax in C (and others in case they are compatible) ?

- by fmsf

I have seen some very weird for loops when reading other people's code. I have been trying to search for a full syntax explanation for the for loop in C but it is very hard because the word "for" appears in unrelated sentences making the search almost impossible to Google effectively. This question came to my mind after reading this thread which made me curious again. The for here: for(p=0;p+=(a&1)*b,a!=1;a>>=1,b<<=1); In the middle condition there is a comma separating the two pieces of code, what does this comma do? The comma on the right side I understand as it makes both a>>=1 and b<<=1. But within a loop exit condition, what happens? Does it exit when p==0, when a==1 or when both happen? It would be great if anyone could help me understand this and maybe point me in the direction of a full for loop syntax description.

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WiX 3 Tutorial: Understanding main WXS and WXI file

- by Mladen Prajdic

In the previous post we’ve taken a look at the WiX solution/project structure and project properties. We’re still playing with our super SuperForm application and today we’ll take a look at the general parts of the main wxs file, SuperForm.wxs, and the wxi include file. For wxs file we’ll just go over the general description of what each part does in the code comments. The more detailed descriptions will be in future posts about features themselves. WXI include file Include files are exactly what their name implies. To include a wxi file into the wxs file you have to put the wxi at the beginning of each .wxs file you wish to include it in. If you’ve ever worked with C++ you can think of the include files as .h files. For example if you include SuperFormVariables.wxi into the SuperForm.wxs, the variables in the wxi won’t be seen in FilesFragment.wxs or RegistryFragment.wxs. You’d have to include it manually into those two wxs files too. For preprocessor variable $(var.VariableName) to be seen by every file in the project you have to include them in the WiX project properties->Build->“Define preprocessor variables” textbox. This is why I’ve chosen not to go this route because in multi developer teams not everyone has the same directory structure and having a single variable would mean each developer would have to checkout the wixproj file to edit the variable. This is pretty much unacceptable by my standards. This is why we’ve added a System Environment variable named SuperFormFilesDir as is shown in the previous Wix Tutorial post. Because the FilesFragment.wxs is autogenerated on every project build we don’t want to change it manually each time by adding the include wxi at the beginning of the file. This way we couldn’t recreate it in each pre-build event. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><Include>  <?define MajorVersion="1" ?> <?define MinorVersion="0" ?> <?define BuildVersion="0" ?>  <?define Revision="0" ?>  <?define VersionNumber="$(var.MajorVersion).$(var.MinorVersion).$(var.BuildVersion).$(var.Revision)" ?>  <?define UpgradeCode="YOUR-GUID-HERE" ?>  <?define ResourcesDir="$(var.ProjectDir)\Resources" ?>  <?define ExeProcessName="SuperForm.MainApp.exe" ?></Include> For now there’s no way to tell WiX in Visual Studio to have a wxi include file available to the whole project, so you have to include it in each file separately. Only variables set in “Define preprocessor variables” or System Environment variables are accessible to the whole project for now. The main WXS file: SuperForm.wxs We’ll only take a look at the general structure of the main SuperForm.wxs and not its the details. We’ll cover the details in future posts. The code comments should provide plenty info about what each part does in general. Basically there are 5 major parts. The update part, the conditions and actions part, the UI install sequence, the directory structure and the features we want to include. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Wix xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wix/2006/wi" xmlns:util="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wix/UtilExtension">  <?include $(sys.CURRENTDIR)Includes\SuperFormVariables.wxi ?>  <Product Id="*" Name="!(loc.ProductName) $(var.VersionNumber)" Language="!(loc.LANG)" Version="$(var.VersionNumber)" Manufacturer="!(loc.ManufacturerName)" UpgradeCode="$(var.UpgradeCode)">  <Package InstallerVersion="300" Compressed="yes" InstallScope="perMachine"/> <Media Id="1" Cabinet="media1.cab" EmbedCab="yes" />  <Upgrade Id="$(var.UpgradeCode)"> <UpgradeVersion OnlyDetect="yes" Minimum="$(var.VersionNumber)" IncludeMinimum="no" Property="NEWER_VERSION_FOUND" /> <UpgradeVersion Minimum="0.0.0.0" IncludeMinimum="yes" Maximum="$(var.VersionNumber)" IncludeMaximum="no" Property="OLDER_VERSION_FOUND" /> </Upgrade>  <PropertyRef Id="NETFRAMEWORK35"/>  <Condition Message="!(loc.DotNetFrameworkNeeded)"> <![CDATA[Installed OR NETFRAMEWORK35]]> </Condition> <Condition Message="!(loc.AppNotSupported)"> <![CDATA[Installed OR ((VersionNT >= 501 AND ServicePackLevel >= 2) OR (VersionNT >= 502))]]> </Condition>  <CustomAction Id="NewerVersionFound" Error="!(loc.SuperFormNewerVersionInstalled)" /> <InstallExecuteSequence>  <Custom Action="NewerVersionFound" After="FindRelatedProducts"> <![CDATA[NEWER_VERSION_FOUND]]> </Custom>  <RemoveExistingProducts After="InstallInitialize"/>  <Custom Action="WixCloseApplications" Before="InstallInitialize" /> </InstallExecuteSequence>  <util:CloseApplication Id="CloseSuperForm" CloseMessage="no" Description="!(loc.MustCloseSuperForm)" ElevatedCloseMessage="no" RebootPrompt="no" Target="$(var.ExeProcessName)" />  <UIRef Id="WixUI_InstallDir" /> <UI>  <DialogRef Id="FilesInUse" /> <DialogRef Id="MsiRMFilesInUse" />  </UI>  <Icon Id="SuperFormIcon.ico" SourceFile="$(var.ResourcesDir)\Exclam.ico" /> <Property Id="ARPPRODUCTICON" Value="SuperFormIcon.ico" />   <Directory Id="TARGETDIR" Name="SourceDir"> <Directory Id="ProgramFilesFolder"> <Directory Id="INSTALLLOCATION" Name="!(loc.ProductName)" /> </Directory> </Directory>  <Property Id="WIXUI_INSTALLDIR" Value="INSTALLLOCATION" />  <Feature Id="SuperFormFeature" Title="!(loc.ProductName)" Level="1"> <ComponentGroupRef Id="SuperFormFiles" /> <ComponentRef Id="cmpVersionInRegistry" /> <ComponentRef Id="cmpIsThisUpdateInRegistry" /> </Feature> </Product></Wix> For more info on what certain attributes mean you should look into the WiX Documentation. WiX 3 tutorial by Mladen Prajdic navigation WiX 3 Tutorial: Solution/Project structure and Dev resources WiX 3 Tutorial: Understanding main wxs and wxi file WiX 3 Tutorial: Generating file/directory fragments with Heat.exe

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error X3501: 'main': entrypoint not found

- by Pasha

I am trying to learn DX10 by following this tutorial. However, my shader won't compile. Below is the detailed error message. Build started 9/10/2012 10:22:46 PM. 1>Project "D:\code\dx\Engine\Engine\Engine.vcxproj" on node 2 (Build target(s)). C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.0\bin\x86\fxc.exe /nologo /E"main" /Fo "D:\code\dx\Engine\Debug\color.cso" /Od /Zi color.fx 1>FXC : error X3501: 'main': entrypoint not found compilation failed; no code produced 1>Done Building Project "D:\code\dx\Engine\Engine\Engine.vcxproj" (Build target(s)) -- FAILED. Build FAILED. Time Elapsed 00:00:00.05 I can easily compile the downloaded code, but I want to know how to fix this error myself. My color.fx looks like this //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Filename: color.fx //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////// // GLOBALS // ///////////// matrix worldMatrix; matrix viewMatrix; matrix projectionMatrix; ////////////// // TYPEDEFS // ////////////// struct VertexInputType { float4 position : POSITION; float4 color : COLOR; }; struct PixelInputType { float4 position : SV_POSITION; float4 color : COLOR; }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Vertex Shader //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// PixelInputType ColorVertexShader(VertexInputType input) { PixelInputType output; // Change the position vector to be 4 units for proper matrix calculations. input.position.w = 1.0f; // Calculate the position of the vertex against the world, view, and projection matrices. output.position = mul(input.position, worldMatrix); output.position = mul(output.position, viewMatrix); output.position = mul(output.position, projectionMatrix); // Store the input color for the pixel shader to use. output.color = input.color; return output; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Pixel Shader //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// float4 ColorPixelShader(PixelInputType input) : SV_Target { return input.color; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Technique //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// technique10 ColorTechnique { pass pass0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_4_0, ColorVertexShader())); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_4_0, ColorPixelShader())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); } }

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Name disappeared from main menu bar

- by Anthony Burman

I have Ubuntu 10.4. I installed a nvidia gigabyte geforce 210 graphic card because the intel graphic card is a disaster. I use a terminal and basic, fiddly adjustments were successfully made to get the window to fit the screen. The new card is a roaring success. Nothing freezes and visuals can be set to Extra. But, from that point on, my main menu bar misbehaved and icons kept disappearing. Logon and logoff usually helped. R-E-I-S-U-B was needed when the actual logoff icon disappeared. My full name, Anthony Burman, appeared in the main menu bar. It was alonside Wanda, the Fish , the Oracle.... My name disappeared and I cannot get it back. It can't be found anywhere in the 'add to panel' section. Indicator applet session also can't bring it back. How do i re-insert my name on the toolbar? Thanks, Ant.

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Rendering another screen on top of main game screen in fullscreen mode

- by wolf

my game runs in fullscreen mode and uses active rendering. The graphics are drawn on the fullscreen window in each game loop: public void render() { Window w = screen.getFullScreenWindow(); Graphics2D g = screen.getGraphics(); renderer.render(g, level, w.getWidth(), w.getHeight()); g.dispose(); screen.update(); } This is the screen.update() method: public void update(){ Window w = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if(w != null){ BufferStrategy s = w.getBufferStrategy(); if(!s.contentsLost()){ s.show(); } } } I want to display another screen on my main game screen (menu, inventory etc). Lets say I have a JPanel inventory, which has a grid of inventory cells (manually drawn) and some Swing components like JPopupMenu. So i tried adding that to my window and repainting it in the game loop, which worked okay most of the time... but sometimes the panel wouldn't get displayed. Blindly moving things around in the inventory worked, but it just didn't display. When i alt-tabbed out and back again, it displayed properly. I also tried drawing the rest of the inventory on my full screen window and using a JPanel to display only the buttons and popupmenus. The inventory displayed properly, but the Swing components keep flickering. I'm guessing this is because I don't know how to combine active and passive rendering. public void render() { Graphics2D g = screen.getGraphics(); invManager.render(g); g.dispose(); screen.update(); invPanel.repaint(); } Should i use something else instead of a JPanel? I don't really need active rendering for these screens, but I don't understand why they sometimes just don't display. Or maybe I should just make my own custom components instead of using Swing? I also read somewhere that using multiple panels/frames in a game is bad practice so should I draw everything on one window/frame/panel? If I CAN use JPanels for this, should I add and remove them every time the inventory is toggled? Or just change their visibility?

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ASP.NET 3.5 Loop Control Structures Using Visual Basic

Loop statements are one of the most important control structures in any programming language. Control structures are used to control or alter the flow of the program depending on a given situation. This article acquaints you with the most important loop statements and how to use them when developing ASP.NET web applications.... Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 Simplify Administration and Deployment of Messaging - Free Download.

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Physics Loop in a NodeJS/Socket.IO Environment

- by Thomas Mosey

I'm developing a 2D HTML5 Canvas Game, and I am trying to think of the most efficient way to implement a Physics Loop on the server-end of things, running NodeJS and Socket.IO. The only method I've thought of is using setTimeout/Interval, is there any better way? Any examples would be appreciated. EDIT: The Game is a top-down Game, like Zelda and older Pokemon Games. Most of the physics done in the loop will be simple intersects.

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Should the main game object be static in c++

- by Som_kun

I am creating a 2d platformer using SDL and I was thinking that my game object could be static, but I wasn't sure if this was a good idea. The pros (that I can see): Accessing settings options (such as screen size and keyboard bindings) would be easier accessed There should only ever be one main game loop, so this makes sure for me. The cons: From what I've heard, static classes in C++ are a bear to work with I've read that this may cause problems later in development (things don't work right or can't be used properly

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If I want to create multiple forms, possible to have one main in C#?

- by George Tyler

If I want to have multiple forms in an appication, can I do it with only one main? I am working with Visual Studio C# (Windows Application). Thank you.

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Frameskipping in Android gameloop causing choppy sprites (Open GL ES 2.0)

- by user22241

I have written a simple 2d platform game for Android and am wondering how one deals with frame-skipping? Are there any alternatives? Let me explain further. So, my game loop allows for the rendering to be skipped if game updates and rendering do not fit into my fixed time-slice (16.667ms). This allows my game to run at identically perceived speeds on different devices. And this works great, things do run at the same speed. However, when the gameloop skips a render call for even one frame, the sprite glitches. And thinking about it, why wouldn't it? You're seeing a sprite move say, an average of 10 pixels every 1.6 seconds, then suddenly, there is a pause of 3.2ms, and the sprite then appears to jump 20 pixels. When this happens 3 or 4 times in close succession, the result is very ugly and not something I want in my game. Therfore, my question is how does one deal with these 'pauses' and 'jumps' - I've read every article on game loops I can find (see below) and my loops are even based off of code from these articles. The articles specifically mention frame skipping but they don't make any reference to how to deal with visual glitches that result from it. I've attempted various game-loops. My loop must have a mechanism in-place to allow rendering to be skipped to keep game-speed constant across multiple devices (or alternative, if one exists) I've tried interpolation but this doesn't eliminate this specific problem (although it looks like it may mitigate the issue slightly as when it eventually draws the sprite it 'moves it back' between the old and current positions so the 'jump' isn't so big. I've also tried a form of extrapolation which does seem to keep things smooth considerably, but I find it to be next to completely useless because it plays havoc with my collision detection (even when drawing with a 'display only' coordinate - see extrapolation-breaks-collision-detection) I've tried a loop that uses Thread.sleep when drawing / updating completes with time left over, no frame skipping in this one, again fairly smooth, but runs differently on different devices so no good. And I've tried spawning my own, third thread for logic updates, but this, was extremely messy to deal with and the performance really wasn't good. (upon reading tons of forums, most people seem to agree a 2 thread loops ( so UI and GL threads) is safer / easier). Now if I remove frame skipping, then all seems to run nice and smooth, with or without inter/extrapolation. However, this isn't an option because the game then runs at different speeds on different devices as it falls behind from not being able to render fast enough. I'm running logic at 60 Ticks per second and rendering as fast as I can. I've read, as far as I can see every article out there, I've tried the loops from My Secret Garden and Fix your timestep. I've also read: Against the grain deWITTERS Game Loop Plus various other articles on Game-loops. A lot of the others are derived from the above articles or just copied word for word. These are all great, but they don't touch on the issues I'm experiencing. I really have tried everything I can think of over the course of a year to eliminate these glitches to no avail, so any and all help would be appreciated. A couple of examples of my game loops (Code follows): From My Secret Room public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { //Rre-set loop back to 0 to start counting again loops=0; while(System.currentTimeMillis() > nextGameTick && loops < maxFrameskip) { SceneManager.getInstance().getCurrentScene().updateLogic(); nextGameTick += skipTicks; timeCorrection += (1000d / ticksPerSecond) % 1; nextGameTick += timeCorrection; timeCorrection %= 1; loops++; } extrapolation = (float)(System.currentTimeMillis() + skipTicks - nextGameTick) / (float)skipTicks; render(extrapolation); } And from Fix your timestep double t = 0.0; double dt2 = 0.01; double currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis()*0.001; double accumulator = 0.0; double newTime; double frameTime; @Override public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { newTime = System.currentTimeMillis()*0.001; frameTime = newTime - currentTime; if ( frameTime > (dt*5)) //Allow 5 'skips' frameTime = (dt*5); currentTime = newTime; accumulator += frameTime; while ( accumulator >= dt ) { SceneManager.getInstance().getCurrentScene().updateLogic(); previousState = currentState; accumulator -= dt; } interpolation = (float) (accumulator / dt); render(interpolation); }

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How to reset main user account?

- by user8302

My main account got messed up, as I tried to fix it things went downhills. keyboard mess - tried unity --restore and deleting .gconf2*, fail deleted .* in ~, total havoc. Chromium and Firefox crashes etc. Now, another user account is fully functioning, but I really want my regular username back. Is there any way to completely wipe the settings for the messed up account or copy the profile from the functioning user?

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Domain name made of keywords redirecting to main website's page

- by ivanivan

Let's say I have a website called books.com where I sell books. I've read on Redirecting different domains to your main site that it's not a bad idea to register another domain that does a 301 redirect to my website, like booksforsale.com. Now, say I want to only target a specific category withing my website, like books.com/sci-fi/ so I register sci-fi-books.com and do a 301 redirect. Would this improve my search rankings? Thanks.

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Loop through several servers, find specific dlls , get the dll version, internal filename and path?

- by Graham

I am a newby to Powershell, and using PS v2. I can see the massive potential it has, but I just can't get the following code to work fully. I am trying to end up with a csv file that contains the wild carded required dlls in the GAC_MSIL or sub-directory, get the dll version, internal filename and path, and the server IP address. The code is below, and it is in single line format because it appears easier to remote onto one of the servers in the server farm and run the single line from that console, ue to security log-ins etc. The code has produced a set of results, but only for the last server, it probably does the first server, then overwrites it but I am not sure about that. I have done a lot of reading about using arrays, and custom objects, and had a go at doing that, but my scripting skills in PS are not yet up to it. Code: $out = "Ouput_dll_ver_results.csv";foreach ($server in '11.222.33.123', '11.222.33.124') {$VersionInfo = (Get-ChildItem \$server\C$\windows\assembly\GAC_MSIL -recurse -Include abc*.dll,def*.dll,ghi*.dll,jkl*.dll | Where-Object { $.FullName -notmatch "\windows\assembly\temp\" })}; $VersionInfo | %{Get-Command $.FullName} | select -expand File* |Export-Csv $out Can you please advise if/how the above code can be corrected, and if not, what alternatives do I have to get the information I need. Many thanks in advance. Graham

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More GCC link time issues: undefined reference to main

- by vikramtheone

Hi Guys, I'm writing software for a Cortex-A8 processor and I have to write some ARM assembly code to access specific registers. I'm making use of the gnu compilers and related tool chains, these tools are installed on the processor board(Freescale i.MX515) with Ubuntu. I make a connection to it from my host PC(Windows) using WinSCP and the PuTTY terminal. As usual I started with a simple C project having main.c and functions.s. I compile the main.c using GCC, assemble the functions.s using as and link the generated object files using once again GCC, but I get strange errors during this process. An important finding - Meanwhile, I found out that my assembly code may have some issues because when I individually assemble it using the command as -o functions.o functions.s and try running the generated functions.o using ./functions.o command, the bash shell is failing to recognize this file as an executable(on pressing tab functions.o is not getting selected/PuTTY is not highlighting the file). Can anyone suggest whats happening here? Are there any specific options I have to send, to GCC during the linking process? The errors I see are strange and beyond my understanding, I don't understand to what the GCC is referring. I'm pasting here the contents of main.c, functions.s, the Makefile and the list of errors. Help, please!!! Vikram main.c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main(void) { puts("!!!Hello World!!!"); /* prints !!!Hello World!!! */ return EXIT_SUCCESS; } functions.s * Main program */ .equ STACK_TOP, 0x20000800 .text .global _start .syntax unified _start: .word STACK_TOP, start .type start, function start: movs r0, #10 movs r1, #0 .end Makefile all: hello hello: main.o functions.o gcc -o main.o functions.o main.o: main.c gcc -c -mcpu=cortex-a8 main.c functions.o: functions.s as -mcpu=cortex-a8 -o functions.o functions.s Errors ubuntu@ubuntu-desktop:~/Documents/Project/Others/helloworld$ make gcc -c -mcpu=cortex-a8 main.c as -mcpu=cortex-a8 -o functions.o functions.s gcc -o main.o functions.o functions.o: In function `_start': (.text+0x0): multiple definition of `_start' /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.3.3/../../../crt1.o:init.c:(.text+0x0): first defined here /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.3.3/../../../crt1.o: In function `_start': init.c:(.text+0x30): undefined reference to `main' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [hello] Error 1

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Physics in my game confused after restructuring the Game loop

- by Julian Assange

Hello! I'm on my way with making a game in Java. Now I have some trouble with an interpolation based game loop in my calculations. Before I used that system the calculation of a falling object was like this: Delta based system private static final float SPEED_OF_GRAVITY = 500.0f; @Override public void update(float timeDeltaSeconds, Object parentObject) { parentObject.y = parentObject.y + (parentObject.yVelocity * timeDeltaSeconds); parentObject.yVelocity -= SPEED_OF_GRAVITY * timeDeltaSeconds; ...... What you see here is that I used that delta value from previous frame to the current frame to calculate the physics. Now I switched and implement a interpolation based system and I actually left the current system where I used delta to calculate my physics. However, with the interpolation system the delta time is removed - but now are my calculations screwed up and I've tried the whole day to solve this: Interpolation based system private static final float SPEED_OF_GRAVITY = 500.0f; @Override public void update(Object parentObject) { parentObject.y = parentObject.y + (parentObject.yVelocity); parentObject.yVelocity -= SPEED_OF_GRAVITY; ...... I'm totally clueless - how should this be solved? The rendering part is solved with a simple prediction method. With the delta system I could see my object be smoothly rendered to the screen, but with this interpolation/prediction method the object just appear sticky for one second and then it's gone. The core of this game loop is actually from here deWiTTERS Game Loop, where I trying to implement the last solution he describes. Shortly - my physics are in a mess and this need to be solved. Any ideas? Thanks in advance!

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Problem with scrolling background in one OpenGL loop

- by GvS

I have 960x3000 map image in png and I'm scrolling it in a loop like this (it's called in 60 FPS loop): glPushMatrix(); glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, mapTex[iBgImg]); glBegin(GL_QUADS); double mtstart = 0.0f - fBgVPos/(double)BgSize; double mtend = mtstart + mtsize; glTexCoord2d(0.0, mtstart); glVertex2f(fBgX, TOP_MARGIN); glTexCoord2d(1.0, mtstart); glVertex2f(fBgX + MAP_WIDTH, TOP_MARGIN); glTexCoord2d(1.0, mtend); glVertex2f(fBgX + MAP_WIDTH, BOTTOM_MARGIN); glTexCoord2d(0.0, mtend); glVertex2f(fBgX, BOTTOM_MARGIN); glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); unfortunately it isn't smooth when the game is in windowed mode. However, it is smooth in full screen mode. I'm using GLFW for windows. Maybe there is something wrong with my method? Is there anything better? Or could this be hardware problem? Edit: Window is created using glfwOpenWindowHint(GLFW_WINDOW_NO_RESIZE, GL_TRUE); glfwOpenWindowHint(GLFW_REFRESH_RATE, 60); and main loop is using glfwSwapInterval(1) to ensure 60 FPS;

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Is it possible to shorten my main function in this code?

- by AjiPorter

Is it possible for me to shorten my main() by creating a class? If so, what part of my code would most likely be inside the class? Thanks again to those who'll answer. :) #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <string> #include <ctime> #include <cstdlib> #define SIZE 20 using namespace std; struct textFile { string word; struct textFile *next; }; textFile *head, *body, *tail, *temp; int main() { ifstream wordFile("WORDS.txt", ios::in); // file object constructor /* stores words in the file into an array */ string words[SIZE]; char pointer; int i; for(i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) { while(wordFile >> pointer) { if(!isalpha(pointer)) { pointer++; break; } words[i] = words[i] + pointer; } } /* stores the words in the array to a randomized linked list */ srand(time(NULL)); int index[SIZE] = {0}; // temporary array of index that will contain randomized indexes of array words int j = 0, ctr; // assigns indexes to array index while(j < SIZE) { i = rand() % SIZE; ctr = 0; for(int k = 0; k < SIZE; k++) { if(!i) break; else if(i == index[k]) { // checks if the random number has previously been stored as index ctr = 1; break; } } if(!ctr) { index[j] = i; // assigns the random number to the current index of array index j++; } } /* makes sure that there are no double zeros on the array */ ctr = 0; for(i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) { if(!index[i]) ctr++; } if(ctr > 1) { int temp[ctr-1]; for(j = 0; j < ctr-1; j++) { for(i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) { if(!index[i]) { int ctr2 = 0; for(int k = 0; k < ctr-1; k++) { if(i == temp[k]) ctr2 = 1; } if(!ctr2) temp[j] = i; } } } j = ctr - 1; while(j > 0) { i = rand() % SIZE; ctr = 0; for(int k = 0; k < SIZE; k++) { if(!i || i == index[k]) { ctr = 1; break; } } if(!ctr) { index[temp[j-1]] = i; j--; } } } head = tail = body = temp = NULL; for(j = 0; j < SIZE; j++) { body = (textFile*) malloc (sizeof(textFile)); body->word = words[index[j]]; if(head == NULL) { head = tail = body; } else { tail->next = body; tail = body; cout << tail->word << endl; } } temp = head; while(temp != NULL) { cout << temp->word << endl; temp = temp->next; } return 0; }

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Why "constructor-way" of declaring variable in "for-loop" allowed but in "if-statement" not allowed?

- by PiotrNycz

Consider this simple example: /*1*/ int main() { /*2*/ for (int i(7); i;){break;} /*3*/ if (int i(7)) {} /*4*/ } Why line-2 compiles just fine, whilst line-3 gives the error? This is little strange to me why if-statement is in this aspect treated worse than for-loop? If this is compiler specific - I tested with gcc-4.5.1: prog.cpp: In function 'int main()': prog.cpp:3:7: error: expected primary-expression before 'int' prog.cpp:3:7: error: expected ')' before 'int' I was inspired by this question [UPDATE] I know this compiles just fine: /*1*/ int main() { /*2*/ for (int i = 7; i;){break;} /*3*/ if (int i = 7) {} /*4*/ }

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BASH statements execute alone but return "no such file" in for loop.

- by reve_etrange

Another one I can't find an answer for, and it feels like I've gone mad. I have a BASH script using a for loop to run a complex command (many protein sequence alignments) on a lot of files (~5000). The loop produces statements that will execute when given alone (i.e. copy-pasted from the error message to the command prompt), but which return "no such file or directory" inside the loop. Script below; there are actually several more arguments but this includes some representative ones and the file arguments. #!/bin/bash # Pass directory with targets as FASTA sequences as argument. # Arguments to psiblast # Common db=local/db/nr/nr outfile="/mnt/scratch/psi-blast" e=0.001 threads=8 itnum=5 pssm="/mnt/scratch/psi-blast/pssm." pssm_txt="/mnt/scratch/psi-blast/pssm." pseudo=0 pwa_inclusion=0.002 for i in ${1}/* do filename=$(basename $i) "local/ncbi-blast-2.2.23+/bin/psiblast\ -query ${i}\ -db $db\ -out ${outfile}/${filename}.out\ -evalue $e\ -num_threads $threads\ -num_iterations $itnum\ -out_pssm ${pssm}$filename\ -out_ascii_pssm ${pssm_txt}${filename}.txt\ -pseudocount $pseudo\ -inclusion_ethresh $pwa_inclusion" done Running this scripts gives "<scriptname> line <last line before 'done'>: <attempted command> : No such file or directory. If I then paste the attempted command onto the prompt it will run. Each of these commands takes a couple of minutes to run.

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How would I structure the loop to go through inputs?

- by dmanexe

I am attempting to make a loop that will go through an array structured like this: $input[n][checked] $input[n][input] The 2nd input acts as a price multiplier, but doesn't have to exist (field can be blank). I don't think a foreach loop is right because I don't think it handles the inputs from the form in the correct dimensional array order to keep the information together. I have inputs on a form that look like this: <input type="checkbox" name="measure[<?php echo $item->id; ?>][checked]" value="<?php echo $item->id; ?>"> <input class="item_mult" type="text" name="measure[<?php echo $item->id; ?>][input]" /> I am attempting to make the loop go through and act as a multiplier on the input relative to its sibling field. (i.e. input[1][input] would be an integer that I want to retrieve later, grouped with input[1][checked]) <? $field = $this->input->post('measure',true); $totals = array(); foreach($field as $value): if ($value['input'] == TRUE) { $query = $this->db->get_where('items', array('id' => $value['input']))->row(); $totals[] = $query->price; ?> <p><?=$query->name?> - <?=money_format('%(#10n', $query->price)?></p> <?php } else { } endforeach; ?> And finally, the last code to array_sum and print the grand total: <? $grand_total = array_sum($totals); ?> <p><?=money_format('%(#10n', $grand_total)?></p> Eventually, I will need to store these records in a database, so I am sending complete item IDs through, etc.

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lapply slower than for-loop when used for a BiomaRt query. Is that expected?

- by ptocquin

I would like to query a database using BiomaRt package. I have loci and want to retrieve some related information, let say description. I first try to use lapply but was surprise by the time needed for the task to be performed. I thus tried a more basic for-loop and get a faster result. Is that expected or is something wrong with my code or with my understanding of apply ? I read other posts dealing with *apply vs for-loop performance (Here, for example) and I was aware that improved performance should not be expected but I don't understand why performance here is actually lower. Here is a reproducible example. 1) Loading the library and selecting the database : library("biomaRt") athaliana <- useMart("plants_mart_14") athaliana <- useDataset("athaliana_eg_gene",mart=athaliana) 2) Querying the database : loci <- c("at1g01300", "at1g01800", "at1g01900", "at1g02335", "at1g02790", "at1g03220", "at1g03230", "at1g04040", "at1g04110", "at1g05240" ) I create a function for the use in lapply : foo <- function(loci) { getBM("description","tair_locus",loci,athaliana) } When I use this function on the first element : > system.time(foo(cwp_loci[1])) utilisateur système écoulé 0.020 0.004 1.599 When I use lapply to retrieve the data for all values : > system.time(lapply(loci, foo)) utilisateur système écoulé 0.220 0.000 16.376 I then created a new function, adding a for-loop : foo2 <- function(loci) { for (i in loci) { getBM("description","tair_locus",loci[i],athaliana) } } Here is the result : > system.time(foo2(loci)) utilisateur système écoulé 0.204 0.004 10.919 Of course, this will be applied to a big list of loci, so the best performing option is needed. I thank you for assistance. EDIT Following recommendation of @MartinMorgan Simply passing the vector loci to getBM greatly improves the query efficiency. Simpler is better. > system.time(lapply(loci, foo)) utilisateur système écoulé 0.236 0.024 110.512 > system.time(foo2(loci)) utilisateur système écoulé 0.208 0.040 116.099 > system.time(foo(loci)) utilisateur système écoulé 0.028 0.000 6.193

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Can't center dialog window above main window when using Glade (Quickly)

- by Niklas

I have a dialog opening when I press a button in my application and I want it to center above the application's main window, but I can't find a way to do this. I'm using Quickly (Python) and Glade. In Glade I've tried the following settings: Window Type = Popup Modal = Yes Window Position = Center on Parent But I simply can't get the behaviour I'm after. When using the "Window Type" option "Top level" the dialog opens in the center of the screen. When I use "Window Type" = "Popup" it opens in the very top left corner, with the window controls unaccessible. I know this must be a very basic setting but I've just started developing with GTK and Python so I obviously managed to miss this. Thanks for any advice! :)

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dovecot main process terminated with status 89

- by G. He

I'm trying to configure dovecot/imap to run without SSL. I set ssl = no in 10-ssl.conf in /etc/dovecot/conf.d. However, with this setting, dovecot dies right away when it is started. I checked the log file and found the following: dovecot main process (4895) terminated with status 89 What does it mean? Is there a way for dovecot to run without ssl? The reason I do NOT want ssl is that my outlook complains the certificate cannot be verified. It is really annoying. And I only run the server on a very small lan and don't need that extra security.

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How do I stop Google indexing my main page as https [duplicate]

- by user2897488

This question already has an answer here: https:// search results appearing on Google for purely http:// site 2 answers Due to historic reasons, we have things set up so that "www.mydomain.com" redirects to "store.mydomain.com". This has worked perfectly fine until recently, when Google appears to be sending visitors to "https:// www.mydomain.com" which doesn't have an SSL-certificate (and never has). Strangely, its only the first link that goes to "https:// www.mydomain.com", all other links point correctly to "http:// store.mydomain.com". Because there is no certificate on the "www" version, users are getting an error message. How do I make Google revert to pointing the main link at "http:// store.mydomain.com" (or even "http:// www.mydomain.com.") If I remove "https:// www.mydomain.com" from Google webmaster tools, will this also remove the redirected page ("http:// store.mydomain.com)? Thanks.

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Read data from a folder in main domain folder (CPanel\WHM)

- by Memphis Raines

I have defined a host in my CPanel\WHM server and put all my websites under one host account. The host Main Domain is domain.com, and all other websites are Add-on Domains: domain.com --folder --domain1 --domain2 --domain3 ... The thing I need is that when calling domain.com in browser, the server read files from another folder. for example when call http://domain.com it shows us http://domain.com/folder BUT I don't mean a redirection, I want server do this in background without showing visitors the real path. I couldn't do this with Domain WildCard Redirection because it got error. How can I do this? With htaccess or ... ?

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