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  • draw circle PIL - python

    - by ariel
    Hi I am looking for a command that will draw a circle on an existing image. im=Image.open(path) looking for a function that will draw a coloured circle with radious r and center(x,y) thanks for any help provided Ariel

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  • Python enumerate built-in error when using the start parameter

    - by TheJuice
    I'm modifying some code that calls enumerate on a list declared via a list comprehension e.g. self.groups = [Groups(self, idx) for idx in range(n_groups)] then later: for idx, group in enumerate(self.groups): # do some stuff but when I change the enumerate call to start at the 2nd list element via the start parameter e.g. for idx, group in enumerate(self.groups[1]): I get an exception: exceptions.TypeError: 'Group' object is not iterable Could someone explain why this is?

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  • Python utf-8 decoding issue with hashlib.digest() method

    - by Sorw
    Hello StackOverflow community, Using Google App Engine, I wrote a keyToSha256() method within a model class (extending db.Model) : class Car(db.Model): def keyToSha256(self): keyhash = hashlib.sha256(str(self.key())).digest() return keyhash When displaying the output (ultimately within a Django template), I get garbled text, for example : ?????_??!`?I?!?;?QeqN??Al?'2 I was expecting something more in line with this : 9f86d081884c7d659a2feaa0c55ad015a3bf4f1b2b0b822cd15d6c15b0f00a08 Am I missing something important ? Despite reading several guides on ASCII, Unicode, utf-8 and the like, I think I'm still far from mastering the secrets of string encoding/decoding. After browsing StackOverflow and searching for insights via Google, I figured out I should ask the question here. Any idea ? Thanks !

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  • Iterating through String word at a time in Python

    - by AlgoMan
    I have a string buffer of a huge text file. I have to search a given words/phrases in the string buffer. Whats the efficient way to do it ? I tried using re module matches. But As i have a huge text corpus that i have to search through. This is taking large amount of time. Given a Dictionary of words and Phrases. I iterate through the each file, read that into string , search all the words and phrases in the dictionary and increment the count in the dictionary if the keys are found. One small optimization that we thought was to sort the dictionary of phrases/words with the max number of words to lowest. And then compare each word start position from the string buffer and compare the list of words. If one phrase is found, we don search for the other phrases (as it matched the longest phrase ,which is what we want) Can some one suggest how to go about word by word in the string buffer. (Iterate string buffer word by word) ? Also, Is there any other optimization that can be done on this ?

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  • Multiple range product in Python

    - by Tyr
    Is there a better way to do this: perms = product(range(1,7),range(1,7),range(1,7)) so that I can choose how many ranges I use? I want it to be equivalent to this, but scalable. def dice(num) if num == 1: perms = ((i,) for i in range(1,7)) elif num == 2: perms = product(range(1,7),range(1,7)) elif num == 3: perms = product(range(1,7),range(1,7),range(1,7)) #... and so on but I know there has to be a better way. I'm using it for counting dice outcomes. The actual code def dice(selection= lambda d: d[2]): perms = itertools.product(range(1,7),range(1,7),range(1,7)) return collections.Counter(((selection(sorted(i)) for i in perms))) where I can call it with a variety of selectors, like sum(d[0:2]) for the sum of the lowest 2 dice or d[1] to get the middle dice.

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  • Beginner python - stuck in a loop

    - by Jeremy
    I have two begininer programs, both using the 'while' function, one works correctly, and the other gets me stuck in a loop. The first program is this; num=54 bob = True print('The guess a number Game!') while bob == True: guess = int(input('What is your guess? ')) if guess==num: print('wow! You\'re awesome!') print('but don\'t worry, you still suck') bob = False elif guess>num: print('try a lower number') else: print('close, but too low') print('game over')`` and it gives the predictable output of; The guess a number Game! What is your guess? 12 close, but too low What is your guess? 56 try a lower number What is your guess? 54 wow! You're awesome! but don't worry, you still suck game over However, I also have this program, which doesn't work; #define vars a = int(input('Please insert a number: ')) b = int(input('Please insert a second number: ')) #try a function def func_tim(a,b): bob = True while bob == True: if a == b: print('nice and equal') bob = False elif b > a: print('b is picking on a!') else: print('a is picking on b!') #call a function func_tim(a,b) Which outputs; Please insert a number: 12 Please insert a second number: 14 b is picking on a! b is picking on a! b is picking on a! ...(repeat in a loop).... Can someone please let me know why these programs are different? Thank you!

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  • youtube python api gdata.service. requesterror

    - by nashr rafeeg
    i have the following code which is trying to add a set of videos into a youtube play list import urllib,re import gdata.youtube import gdata.youtube.service class reddit(): def __init__(self, rssurl ='http://www.reddit.com/r/chillmusic.rss' ): self.URL = rssurl self._downloadrss() def _downloadrss(self): if self.URL.endswith('.rss'): # Downloadd the RSS feed of the subreddit - save as "feed.rss" try: print "Downloading rss from reddit..." urllib.urlretrieve (URL, "feed.rss") except Exception as e: print e def clean(self): playList = open("feed.rss").read() links = re.findall(r'(http?://www.youtube.com\S+)', playList) for link in links: firstPass = link.replace('&quot;&gt;[link]&lt;/a&gt;', '') secondPass = firstPass.replace('&amp;amp;fmt=18', '') thirdpass = secondPass.replace('&amp;amp;feature=related', '') finalPass = thirdpass.replace('http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=', '') print thirdpass, "\t Extracted: ", finalPass return finalPass class google(): def __init__(self, username, password): self.Username = username self.password = password #do not change any of the following self.key = 'AI39si5DDjGYhG_1W-8n_amjgEjbOU27sa0aw2RQI5gOaoK5KqCD2Fzffbkh8oqGu7CqFQLLQ7N7wK0gz7lrTQbd70srC72Niw' self.appname = 'Reddit playlist maker' self.service = gdata.youtube.service.YouTubeService() def authenticate(self): self.service.email = self.Username self.service.password = self.password self.service.developer_key = self.key self.service.client_id = self.appname self.service.source = self.appname self.service.ssl = False self.service.ProgrammaticLogin() def get_playlists(self): y_playlist = self.service.GetYouTubePlaylistFeed(username='default') l = [] k = [] for p in y_playlist.entry: k=[] k=[p.link[1].href, p.title.text] l.append(k) return l def get_playlist_id_from_url(self, href): #quick and dirty method to get the playList id's return href.replace('http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=','') def creat_playlist(self, name="Reddit list", disc ="videos from reddit"): playlistentry = self.service.AddPlaylist(name, disc) if isinstance(playlistentry, gdata.youtube.YouTubePlaylistEntry): print 'New playlist added' return playlistentry.link[1].href def add_video_to_playlist(self,playlist_uri,video): video_entry = self.service.AddPlaylistVideoEntryToPlaylist( playlist_uri, video) if isinstance(video_entry, gdata.youtube.YouTubePlaylistVideoEntry): print 'Video added' URL = "http://www.reddit.com/r/chillmusic.rss" r = reddit(URL) g = google('[email protected]', 'xxxx') g.authenticate() def search_playlist(playlist="Reddit list3"): pl_id = None for pl in g.get_playlists(): if pl[1] == playlist: pl_id = pl[0] print pl_id break if pl_id == None: pl_id = g.creat_playlist(name=playlist) return pl_id pls = search_playlist() for video_id in r.clean(): g.add_video_to_playlist(pls, video_id) when i run the code i am geting the following error message gdata.service.RequestError: {'status': 303, 'body': '', 'reason': 'See Other'} any one have any idea why i am getting this error cheers Nash

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  • Python Socket Getting Connection Reset

    - by Ian
    I created a threaded socket listener that stores newly accepted connections in a queue. The socket threads then read from the queue and respond. For some reason, when doing benchmarking with 'ab' (apache benchmark) using a concurrency of 2 or more, I always get a connection reset before it's able to complete the benchmark (this is taking place locally, so there's no external connection issue). class server: _ip = '' _port = 8888 def __init__(self, ip=None, port=None): if ip is not None: self._ip = ip if port is not None: self._port = port self.server_listener(self._ip, self._port) def now(self): return time.ctime(time.time()) def http_responder(self, conn, addr): httpobj = http_builder() httpobj.header('HTTP/1.1 200 OK') httpobj.header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8') httpobj.header('Connection: close') httpobj.body("Everything looks good") data = httpobj.generate() sent = conn.sendall(data) def http_thread(self, id): self.log("THREAD %d: Starting Up..." % id) while True: conn, addr = self.q.get() ip, port = addr self.log("THREAD %d: responding to request: %s:%s - %s" % (id, ip, port, self.now())) self.http_responder(conn, addr) self.q.task_done() conn.close() def server_listener(self, host, port): self.q = Queue.Queue(0) sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) sock.bind( (host, port) ) sock.listen(5) for i in xrange(4): #thread count thread.start_new(self.http_thread, (i+1, )) while True: self.q.put(sock.accept()) sock.close() server('', 9999) When running the benchmark, I get totally random numbers of good requests before it errors out, usually between 4 and 500. Edit: Took me a while to figure it out, but the problem was in sock.listen(5). Because I was using apache benchmark with a higher concurrency (5 and up) it was causing the backlog of connections to pile up, at which point the connections started getting dropped by the socket.

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  • Python date time, get date 6 months from now

    - by Eef
    Hey, I am using the datetime module. I am looking to calculate the date 6 months from the current date. Could someone give me a little help doing this? Edit: The reason I am wanting to generate a date 6 months from the current date is to produce a Review Date. If the user enters data into the system it will have a review date of 6 months from the date they entered the data. Does this help? Cheers Eef

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  • Python regex help

    - by Dormish
    I am trying to make a regex that finds all names, url and phone numbers in an html page. But I'm having trouble with the phone number part. I think the problem with the numbers part is that is searches until it finds the </strong> but in that process it skips people, instead of making a empty string if the person has no phone number ( simply put instead of a list like this: url1+name1+num1 | url2+name2+"" | url3+name3+num3 it returns a list like this: url1+name1+num1 | url2+name2+num3 , with url3+name3 deleted in the process) for url, name, pnumber in re.findall('Name"><div>(?:<a href="/si([^">]*)"> )?([^<]*)(?:.*?</strong>([^<]*))?',page): I am searchin for people in s single very long line. A person could have an url or phone number. An example of a person with an url and a phone number <tr> <td class="lablinksName"><div><a href="/si/ivan-bratko/default.html"> dr. Ivan Bratko akad. prof.</a></div></td> <td class="lablinksMail"><a href="javascript:void(cmPopup('sendMessage', '/si/ivan-bratko/mailer.html', true, 350, 350));"><img src="/Static/images/gui/mail.gif" height="8" width="11"></a></td> <td class="lablinksPhone"><div><strong>T:</strong> +386 1 4768 393 </div></td> </tr> And an example of a person with no url or phone number <tr> <td class="lablinksName"><div> dr. Branko Matjaž Juric prof.</div></td> <td class="lablinksMail"><a href="javascript:void(cmPopup('sendMessage', '/si/branko-matjaz-juric/mailer.html', true, 350, 350));"><img src="/Static/images/gui/mail.gif" height="8" width="11"></a></td> <td class="lablinksPhone"><div> </div></td> </tr> I hope i was clear enough and if any one can help me.

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  • Python slicing a string using space characters and a maximum length

    - by chrism
    I'd like to slice a string up in a similar way to .split() (so resulting in a list) but in a more intelligent way: I'd like it to split it into chunks that are up to 15 characters, but are not split mid word so: string = 'A string with words' [splitting process takes place] list = ('A string with','words') The string in this example is split between 'with' and 'words' because that's the last place you can split it and the first bit be 15 characters or less.

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  • weakref list in python

    - by Dan
    I'm in need of a list of weak references that deletes items when they die. Currently the only way I have of doing this is to keep flushing the list (removing dead references manually). I'm aware there's a WeakKeyDictionary and a WeakValueDictionary, but I'm really after a WeakList, is there a way of doing this? Here's an example: import weakref class A(object): def __init__(self): pass class B(object): def __init__(self): self._references = [] def addReference(self, obj): self._references.append(weakref.ref(obj)) def flush(self): toRemove = [] for ref in self._references: if ref() is None: toRemove.append(ref) for item in toRemove: self._references.remove(item) b = B() a1 = A() b.addReference(a1) a2 = A() b.addReference(a2) del a1 b.flush() del a2 b.flush()

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  • finding the missing values in a range using any scripting language - perl, python or shell script

    - by manu
    Hi everyone I got stuck in one problem of finding the missing values in a range and the range is also variable for the successive rows. Ex. =================== inpt ==================== 673 673 673 676 676 680 2667 2667 2668 2670 2671 2674 ===================== output should be like this =================== 674 675 677 678 679 2669 2672 2673 ======================== This is just one part and the row values can be more also If there is any clarification plz let me know. thanx in advance manu

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  • Python mistaking float for string

    - by wrongusername
    I receive TypeError: Can't convert 'float' object to str implicitly while using Gambler.pot += round(self.bet + self.money * 0.1) where pot, bet, and money are all doubles (or at least are supposed to be). I'm not sure if this is yet another Eclipse thing, but how do I get the line to compile? Code where bet and money are initialized: money = 0 bet = 0

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  • problem plotting on logscale in matplotlib in python

    - by user248237
    I am trying to plot the following numbers on a log scale as a scatter plot in matplotlib. Both the quantities on the x and y axes have very different scales, and one of the variables has a huge dynamic range (nearly 0 to 12 million roughly) while the other is between nearly 0 and 2. I think it might be good to plot both on a log scale. I tried the following, for a subset of the values of the two variables: fig = plt.figure(figsize(8, 8)) ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1) ax.set_yscale('log') ax.set_xscale('log') plt.scatter([1.341, 0.1034, 0.6076, 1.4278, 0.0374], [0.37, 0.12, 0.22, 0.4, 0.08]) The x-axes appear log scaled but the points do not appear -- only two points appear. Any idea how to fix this? Also, how can I make this log scale appear on a square axes, so that the correlation between the two variables can be interpreted from the scatter plot? thanks.

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  • global variable and Python

    - by rejinacm
    A global variable created in one function cannot be used in another function directly. Instead I need to store the global variable in a local variable of the function which needs its access. Am I correct? Why is it so?

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  • Python optimization

    - by Rami Jarrar
    Hi, I do like this: f = open('wl4.txt', 'w') hh = 0 ###################################### for n in range(1,5): for l in range(33,127): if n==1: b = chr(l) + '\n' f.write(b) hh += 1 elif n==2: for s0 in range(33, 127): b = chr(l) + chr(s0) + '\n' f.write(b) hh += 1 elif n==3: for s0 in range(33, 127): for s1 in range(33, 127): b = chr(l) + chr(s0) + chr(s1) + '\n' f.write(b) hh += 1 elif n==4: for s0 in range(33, 127): for s1 in range(33, 127): for s2 in range(33,127): b = chr(l) + chr(s0) + chr(s1) + chr(s2) + '\n' f.write(b) hh += 1 ###################################### print "We Made %d Words." %(hh) ###################################### f.close() So, is there any method to make it faster?

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  • recursively implementing 'minimum number of coins' in python

    - by user5198
    This problem is same as asked in here. Given a list of coins, their values (c1, c2, c3, ... cj, ...), and the total sum i. Find the minimum number of coins the sum of which is i (we can use as many coins of one type as we want), or report that it's not possible to select coins in such a way that they sum up to S. I"m just introduced to dynamic programming yesterday and I tried to make a code for it. # Optimal substructure: C[i] = 1 + min_j(C[i-cj]) cdict = {} def C(i, coins): if i <= 0: return 0 if i in cdict: return cdict[i] else: answer = 1 + min([C(i - cj, coins) for cj in coins]) cdict[i] = answer return answer Here, C[i] is the optimal solution for amount of money 'i'. And available coins are {c1, c2, ... , cj, ...} for the program, I've increased the recursion limit to avoid maximum recursion depth exceeded error. But, this program gives the right answer only someones and when a solution is not possible, it doesn't indicate that. What is wrong with my code and how to correct it?

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  • Can someone here explain constructors and destructors in python - simple explanation required - new

    - by rgolwalkar
    i will try to see if it makes sense :- class Person: '''Represnts a person ''' population = 0 def __init__(self,name): //some statements and population += 1 def __del__(self): //some statements and population -= 1 def sayHi(self): '''grettings from person''' print 'Hi My name is %s' % self.name def howMany(self): '''Prints the current population''' if Person.population == 1: print 'i am the only one here' else: print 'There are still %d guyz left ' % Person.population rohan = Person('Rohan') rohan.sayHi() rohan.howMany() sanju = Person('Sanjivi') sanju.howMany() del rohan # am i doing this correctly --- ? i need to get an explanation for this del - destructor O/P:- Initializing person data ****************************************** Initializing Rohan ****************************************** Population now is: 1 Hi My name is Rohan i am the only one here Initializing person data ****************************************** Initializing Sanjivi ****************************************** Population now is: 2 In case Person dies: ****************************************** Sanjivi Bye Bye world there are still 1 people left i am the only one here In case Person dies: ****************************************** Rohan Bye Bye world i am the last person on earth Population now is: 0 If required i can paste the whole lesson as well --- learning from :- http://www.ibiblio.org/swaroopch/byteofpython/read/

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  • Operations on Python hashes

    - by cdecker
    I've got a rather strange problem. For a Distributed Hash Table I need to be able to do some simple math operations on MD5 hashes. These include a sum (numeric sum represented by the hash) and a modulo operation. Now I'm wondering what the best way to implement these operations is. I'm using hashlib to calculate the hashes, but since the hashes I get are then string, how do I calculate with them?

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  • How to log python exception ?

    - by Maxim Veksler
    Hi, Coming from java, being familiar with logback I used to do try { ... catch (Exception e) { log("Error at X", e); } I would like the same functionality of being able to log the exception and the stacktrace into a file. How would you recommend me implementing this? Currently using boto logging infrastructre, boto.log.info(...) I've looked at some options and found out I can access the actual exception details using this code: import sys try: 1/0 except: exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info() traceback.print_exception(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback) I would like to somehow get the string print_exception() throws to stdout so that I can log it. Thank you, Maxim.

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  • Python class decorator and maximum recursion depth exceeded

    - by Michal Lula
    I try define class decorator. I have problem with __init__ method in decorated class. If __init__ method invokes super the RuntimeError maximum recursion depth exceeded is raised. Code example: def decorate(cls): class NewClass(cls): pass return NewClass @decorate class Foo(object): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(Foo, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) What I doing wrong? Thanks, Michal

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