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  • how to use @ in python..

    - by zjm1126
    this is my code: def a(): print 'sss' @a() def b(): print 'aaa' b() and the Traceback is: sss Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\zjm_code\a.py", line 8, in <module> @a() TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable so how to use the '@' thanks

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  • need help with a small Python program

    - by Matthew
    Basically looking for a small program that will do nothing but activate the F6 key every x seconds for the active window, x being whatever number I enter, and the program stops with the hit of like ctrl+z or something. What would be a good way to do this?

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  • How to convert an HTML table to an array in python

    - by user345660
    I have an html document, and I want to pull the tables out of this document and return them as arrays. I'm picturing 2 functions, one that finds all the html tables in a document, and a second one that turns html tables into 2-dimensional arrays. Something like this: htmltables = get_tables(htmldocument) for table in htmltables: array=make_array(table) There's 2 catches: 1. The number tables varies day to day 2. The tables have all kinds of weird extra formatting, like bold and blink tags, randomly thrown in. Thanks!

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  • Sorting numbers in string format with Python

    - by prosseek
    I have a list that has some chapter numbers in string. When I sort the keys using keys function, it gives me wrong results. keys = ['1.1', '1.2', '2.1', '10.1'] keys.sort() print keys ['1.1', '1.2', '10.1', '2.1'] How can I use the sort function to get ['1.1', '1.2', '2.1', '10.1'] What if the array has something like this? ['1.1.1', '1.2.1', '10.1', '2.1'] - ['1.1.1','1.2.1','2.1','10.1']

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  • Fast iterating over first n items of an iterable (not a list) in python

    - by martinthenext
    Hello! I'm looking for a pythonic way of iterating over first n items of an iterable (upd: not a list in a common case, as for lists things are trivial), and it's quite important to do this as fast as possible. This is how I do it now: count = 0 for item in iterable: do_something(item) count += 1 if count >= n: break Doesn't seem neat to me. Another way of doing this is: for item in itertools.islice(iterable, n): do_something(item) This looks good, the question is it fast enough to use with some generator(s)? For example: pair_generator = lambda iterable: itertools.izip(*[iter(iterable)]*2) for item in itertools.islice(pair_generator(iterable), n): so_something(item) Will it run fast enough as compared to the first method? Is there some easier way to do it?

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  • Hierarchy / Flyweight / Instancing Problem in Python

    - by Dan
    Here is the problem I am trying to solve, (I have simplified the actual problem, but this should give you all the relevant information). I have a hierarchy like so: 1.A 1.B 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.F (This is hard to illustrate - each number is the parent, each letter is the child). Creating an instance of the 'letter' objects is expensive (IO, database costs, etc), so should only be done once. The hierarchy needs to be easy to navigate. Children in the hierarchy need to have just one parent. Modifying the contents of the letter objects should be possible directly from the objects in the hierarchy. There needs to be a central store containing all of the 'letter' objects (and only those in the hierarchy). 'letter' and 'number' objects need to be possible to create from a constructor (such as Letter(**kwargs) ). It is perfectably acceptable to expect that when a letter changes from the hierarchy, all other letters will respect the same change. Hope this isn't too abstract to illustrate the problem. What would be the best way of solving this? (Then I'll post my solution) Here's an example script: one = Number('one') a = Letter('a') one.addChild(a) two = Number('two') a = Letter('a') two.addChild(a) for child in one: child.method1() for child in two: print '%s' % child.method2()

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  • How to bind an ip address to telnetlib in Python

    - by jack
    The code below binds an ip address to urllib, urllib2, etc. import socket true_socket = socket.socket def bound_socket(*a, **k): sock = true_socket(*a, **k) sock.bind((sourceIP, 0)) return sock socket.socket = bound_socket Is it also able to bind an ip address to telnetlib?

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  • Comparing a time delta in python

    - by Alpesh Patel
    I have a variable which is <type 'datetime.timedelta'> and I would like to compare it against certain values. Lets say d produces this datetime.timedelta value 0:00:01.782000 I would like to compare it like this: #if d is greater than 1 minute if d>1:00: print "elapsed time is greater than 1 minute" I have tried converting datetime.timedelta.strptime() but that does seem to work. Is there an easier way to compare this value?

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  • about python scripting

    - by kmitnick
    I have this code class HNCS (ThreadingTCPServer): def verify_request(self, request, client_address): for key in connections: if connections[key].client_address[0] == client_address[0]: if client_address[0] != '127.0.0.1': return False return True def welcome(self): return '''______________________________________________________ ------------------------------------------------------ %s ______________________________________________________ ------------------------------------------------------ * Server started %s * Waiting for connections on port %i ''' % (gpl, ctime(), PORT) I only can't figure out the line where it says if connections[key].client_address[0] == client_address[0] how come we used client_address as an attribute after dictionary???

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  • How do I overwrite a file currently being read by Python

    - by Brian
    Hi guys, I am not too sure the best way to word this, but what I want to do, is read a pdf file, make various modifications, and save the modified pdf over the original file. As of now, I am able to save the modified pdf to a separate file, but I am looking to replace the original, not create a new file. Here is my current code: from pyPdf import PdfFileWriter, PdfFileReader output = PdfFileWriter() input = PdfFileReader(file('input.pdf', 'rb')) blank = PdfFileReader(file('C:\\BLANK.pdf', 'rb')) # Copy the input pdf to the output. for page in range(int(input.getNumPages())): output.addPage(input.getPage(page)) # Add a blank page if needed. if (input.getNumPages() % 2 != 0): output.addPage(blank.getPage(0)) # Write the output to pdf. outputStream = file('input.pdf', 'wb') output.write(outputStream) outputStream.close() If i change the outputStream to a different file name, it works fine, I just cant save over the input file because it is still being used. I have tried to .close() the stream, but it was giving me errors as well. I have a feeling this has a fairly simple solution, I just haven't had any luck finding it. Thanks!

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  • Logical python question - handling directories and files in them

    - by Konstantin
    Hello! I'm using this function to extract files from .zip archive and store it on the server: def unzip_file_into_dir(file, dir): import sys, zipfile, os, os.path os.makedirs(dir, 0777) zfobj = zipfile.ZipFile(file) for name in zfobj.namelist(): if name.endswith('/'): os.mkdir(os.path.join(dir, name)) else: outfile = open(os.path.join(dir, name), 'wb') outfile.write(zfobj.read(name)) outfile.close() And the usage: unzip_file_into_dir('/var/zips/somearchive.zip', '/var/www/extracted_zip') somearchive.zip have this structure: somearchive.zip 1.jpeg 2.jpeg another.jpeg or, somethimes, this one: somearchive.zip somedir/ 1.jpeg 2.jpeg another.jpeg Question is: how do I modify my function, so that my extracted_zip catalog would always contain just images, not images in another subdirectory, even if images are stored in somedir inside an archive.

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  • Python: override __init__ args in __new__

    - by EoghanM
    I have a __new__ method as follows: class MyClass(object): def __new__(cls, *args): new_args = [] args.sort() prev = args.pop(0) while args: next = args.pop(0) if prev.compare(next): prev = prev.combine(next) else: new_args.append(prev) prev = next if some_check(prev): return SomeOtherClass() new_args.append(prev) return super(MyClass, cls).__new__(cls, new_args) def __init__(self, *args): ... However, this fails with a deprecation warning: DeprecationWarning: object.__new__() takes no parameters SomeOtherClass can optionally get created as the args are processed, that's why they are being processed in __new__ and not in __init__ What is the best way to pass new_args to __init__? Otherwise, I'll have to duplicate the processing of args in __init__ (without some_check)

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  • Python __subclasses__() not listing subclasses

    - by Mridang Agarwalla
    I cant seem to list all derived classes using the __subclasses__() method. Here's my directory layout: import.py backends __init__.py --digger __init__.py base.py test.py --plugins plugina_plugin.py From import.py i'm calling test.py. test.py in turn iterates over all the files in the plugins directory and loads all of them. test.py looks like this: import os import sys import re sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath( __file__ ))))) sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath( __file__ ))), 'plugins')) from base import BasePlugin class TestImport: def __init__(self): print 'heeeeello' PLUGIN_DIRECTORY = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath( __file__ ))), 'plugins') for filename in os.listdir (PLUGIN_DIRECTORY): # Ignore subfolders if os.path.isdir (os.path.join(PLUGIN_DIRECTORY, filename)): continue else: if re.match(r".*?_plugin\.py$", filename): print ('Initialising plugin : ' + filename) __import__(re.sub(r".py", r"", filename)) print ('Plugin system initialized') print BasePlugin.__subclasses__() The problem us that the __subclasses__() method doesn't show any derived classes. All plugins in the plugins directory derive from a base class in the base.py file. base.py looks like this: class BasePlugin(object): """ Base """ def __init__(self): pass plugina_plugin.py looks like this: from base import BasePlugin class PluginA(BasePlugin): """ Plugin A """ def __init__(self): pass Could anyone help me out with this? Whatm am i doing wrong? I've racked my brains over this but I cant seem to figure it out Thanks.

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  • Python Script to backup a directory

    - by rgolwalkar
    Filename:backup_ver1 import os import time 1 Using list to specify the files and directory to be backed up source = r'C:\Documents and Settings\rgolwalkar\Desktop\Desktop\Dr Py\Final_Py' 2 define backup directory destination = r'C:\Documents and Settings\rgolwalkar\Desktop\Desktop\PyDevResourse' 3 Setting the backup name targetBackup = destination + time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S') + '.rar' rar_command = "rar.exe a -ag '%s' %s" % (targetBackup, ''.join(source)) i am sure i am doing something wrong here - rar command please let me know if os.system(rar_command) == 0: print 'Successful backup to', targetBackup else: print 'Backup FAILED' O/P:- Backup FAILED winrar is added to Path and CLASSPATH under Environment variables as well - anyone else with a suggestion for backing up the directory is most welcome

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  • Sphinx - Python modules, classes and functions documentation

    - by user343934
    Hi everyone, I am trying to document my small project through sphinx which im recently trying to get familiar with. I read some tutorials and sphinx documentation but couldn't make it. Setup and configurations are ok! just have problems in using sphinx in a technical way. My table of content should look like this --- Overview .....Contents ----Configuration ....Contents ---- System Requirements .....Contents ---- How to use .....Contents ---- Modules ..... Index ......Display ----Help ......Content Moreover my focus is on Modules with docstrings. Details of Modules are Directory:- c:/wamp/www/project/ ----- Index.py >> Class HtmlTemplate: .... def header(): .... def body(): .... def form(): .... def header(): .... __init_main: ##inline function ----- display.py >> Class MainDisplay: .... def execute(): .... def display(): .... def tree(): .... __init_main: ##inline function My Documentation Directory:- c:/users/abc/Desktop/Documentation/doc/ --- _build --- _static --- _templates --- conf.py --- index.rst I have added Modules directory to the system environment and edited index.rst with following codes just to test Table of content. But i couldn't extract docstring directly Index.rst T-Alignment Documentation The documentation covers general overview of the application covering functionalities and requirements in details. To know how to use application its better to go through the documentation. .. _overview: Overview .. _System Requirement: System Requirement Seq-alignment tools can be used in varied systems base on whether all intermediary applications are available or not like in Windows, Mac, Linux and UNIX. But, it has been tested on the Windows working under a beta version. System Applications Server .. _Configuration:: Configuration Basic steps in configuration involves in following categories Environment variables Apache setting .. _Modules:: Modules How can i continue from here... Moreover, i am just a beginner to sphinx documentation tool I need your suggestions to brings my modules docstring to my documentation page Thanks

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  • Sort a python dict

    - by ensnare
    I have a list of dictionaries: [{'title':'New York Times', 'title_url':'New_York_Times','id':4}, {'title':'USA Today','title_url':'USA_Today','id':6}, {'title':'Apple News','title_url':'Apple_News','id':2}] I'd like to sort it by the title, so elements with A go before Z: [{'title':'Apple News','title_url':'Apple_News','id':2}, {'title':'New York Times', 'title_url':'New_York_Times','id':4}, {'title':'USA Today','title_url':'USA_Today','id':6}] What's the best way to do this? Also, is there a way to ensure the order of each dictionary key stays constant, e.g., always title, title_url, then id? Thank you.

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  • Get python tarfile to skip files without read permission

    - by chris
    I'm trying to write a function that backs up a directory with files of different permission to an archive on Windows XP. I'm using the tarfile module to tar the directory. Currently as soon as the program encounters a file that does not have read permissions, it stops giving the error: IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'path to file'. I would like it to instead just skip over the files it cannot read rather than end the tar operation. This is the code I am using now: def compressTar(): """Build and gzip the tar archive.""" folder = 'C:\\Documents and Settings' tar = tarfile.open ("C:\\WINDOWS\\Program\\archive.tar.gz", "w:gz") try: print "Attempting to build a backup archive" tar.add(folder) except: print "Permission denied attempting to create a backup archive" print "Building a limited archive conatining files with read permissions." for root, dirs, files in os.walk(folder): for f in files: tar.add(os.path.join(root, f)) for d in dirs: tar.add(os.path.join(root, d))

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  • Types in Python - Google Appengine

    - by Chris M
    Getting a bit peeved now; I have a model and a class thats just storing a get request in the database; basic tracking. class SearchRec(db.Model): WebSite = db.StringProperty()#required=True WebPage = db.StringProperty() CountryNM = db.StringProperty() PrefMailing = db.BooleanProperty() DateStamp = db.DateTimeProperty(auto_now_add=True) IP = db.StringProperty() class AddSearch(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): searchRec = SearchRec() searchRec.WebSite = self.request.get('WEBSITE') searchRec.WebPage = self.request.get('WEBPAGE') searchRec.CountryNM = self.request.get('COUNTRY') searchRec.PrefMailing = bool(self.request.get('MAIL')) searchRec.IP = self.request.get('IP') Bool has my biscuit; I thought that setting bool(self.reque....) would set the type of the string but no matter what I pass it it still stores it as TRUE in the database. I had the same issue with using required=True on strings for the model; the damn thing kept saying that nothing was being passed... but it had. Ta

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  • Python beginer having trouble running code

    - by Protean
    For some reason this code will not seem to run in the interpreter. When I hit F5 nothing happens, not even the debugger seems to recognize it. I assume it has something to do with the class, as when removed the interpreter seems to recognize the rest of the code. Please tell me what I am doing wrong. Edit: I have restarted the interpreter multiple times, any other piece of code I try to load runs fine, just this one is having trouble. print ('Why won't this work?') class sorting_class: def __init__(self): self.order = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] self.globali = 0 self.orderi = 0 self.sortedlist = [] def sort(self, array): carry, leave = [] for arrayi in array: print ('run', arrayi) if self.order[self.orderi] == arrayi[self.globali]: carry.append(arrayi) else: if self.globali != 0: leave.append(arrayi) return carry, leave def srt(self, array): globalii = 0 carry, leave = my.sort(array) while len(self.sortedlist) != len(array): if len(self.carry) == 1: self.sortedlist.append(carry) arrayt = leave self.globali = 1 self.orderi = 0 carry, leave = my.sort(arrayt) elif len(self.carry) == 0: if len(self.leave) != 0: arrayt = leave self.globali = 1 self.orderi += 1 my.sort(arrayt) else: self.arrayt globalii += 1 self.orderi = globalii self.globali = 0 my.sort(arrayt) self.orderi = 0 else: arrayt = carry carry = [] self.globali += 1 carry, leave += my.sort(arrayt) my = sorting_class() x = ['ac', 'bc' ,'ab', 'da'] my.srt(x)

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  • Obfuscate strings in Python

    - by Caedis
    I have a password string that must be passed to a method. Everything works fine but I don't feel comfortable storing the password in clear text. Is there a way to obfuscate the string or to truly encrypt it? I'm aware that obfuscation can be reverse engineered, but I think I should at least try to cover up the password a bit. At the very least it wont be visible to a indexing program, or a stray eye giving a quick look at my code. I am aware of pyobfuscate but I don't want the whole program obfuscated, just one string and possibly the whole line itself where the variable is defined. Target platform is GNU Linux Generic (If that makes a difference)

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  • Drawing a Dragons curve in Python

    - by Connor Franzoni
    I am trying to work out how to draw the dragons curve, with pythons turtle using the An L-System or Lindenmayer system. I no the code is something like the Dragon curve; initial state = ‘F’, replacement rule – replace ‘F’ with ‘F+F-F’, number of replacements = 8, length = 5, angle = 60 But have no idea how to put that into code.

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  • Which Python XML library should I use?

    - by PulpFiction
    Hello. I am going to handle XML files for a project. I had earlier decided to use lxml but after reading the requirements, I think ElemenTree would be better for my purpose. The XML files that have to be processed are: Small in size. Typically < 10 KB. No namespaces. Simple XML structure. Given the small XML size, memory is not an issue. My only concern is fast parsing. What should I go with? Mostly I have seen people recommend lxml, but given my parsing requirements, do I really stand to benefit from it or would ElementTree serve my purpose better?

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