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  • Decrease in disk performance after partitioning and encryption, is this much of a drop normal?

    - by Biohazard
    I have a server that I only have remote access to. Earlier in the week I repartitioned the 2 disk raid as follows: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/sda1_crypt 363G 1.8G 343G 1% / tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 2.0G 140K 2.0G 1% /dev tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda5 461M 26M 412M 6% /boot /dev/sda7 179G 8.6G 162G 6% /data The raid consists of 2 x 300gb SAS 15k disks. Prior to the changes I made, it was being used as a single unencrypted root parition and hdparm -t /dev/sda was giving readings around 240mb/s, which I still get if I do it now: /dev/sda: Timing buffered disk reads: 730 MB in 3.00 seconds = 243.06 MB/sec Since the repartition and encryption, I get the following on the separate partitions: Unencrypted /dev/sda7: /dev/sda7: Timing buffered disk reads: 540 MB in 3.00 seconds = 179.78 MB/sec Unencrypted /dev/sda5: /dev/sda5: Timing buffered disk reads: 476 MB in 2.55 seconds = 186.86 MB/sec Encrypted /dev/mapper/sda1_crypt: /dev/mapper/sda1_crypt: Timing buffered disk reads: 150 MB in 3.03 seconds = 49.54 MB/sec I expected a drop in performance on the encrypted partition, but not that much, but I didn't expect I would get a drop in performance on the other partitions at all. The other hardware in the server is: 2 x Quad Core Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5405 @ 2.00GHz and 4gb RAM $ cat /proc/scsi/scsi Attached devices: Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 32 Lun: 00 Vendor: DP Model: BACKPLANE Rev: 1.05 Type: Enclosure ANSI SCSI revision: 05 Host: scsi0 Channel: 02 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: DELL Model: PERC 6/i Rev: 1.11 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05 Host: scsi1 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: HL-DT-ST Model: CD-ROM GCR-8240N Rev: 1.10 Type: CD-ROM ANSI SCSI revision: 05 I'm guessing this means the server has a PERC 6/i RAID controller? The encryption was done with default settings during debian 6 installation. I can't recall the exact specifics and am not sure how I go about finding them? Thanks

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  • Multi- authentication scenario for a public internet service using Kerberos

    - by StrangeLoop
    I have a public web server which has users coming from internet (via HTTPS) and from a corporate intranet. I wish to use Kerberos authentication for the intranet users so that they would be automatically logged in the web application without the need to provide any login/password (assuming they are already logged to the Windows domain). For the users coming from internet I want to provide traditional basic/form- based authentication. User/password data for these users would be stored internally in a database used by the application. Web application will be configured to use Kerberos authentication for users coming from specific intranet ip networks and basic/form- based authentication will be used for the rest of the users. From a security perspective, are there some risks involved in this kind of setup or is this a generally accepted solution? My understanding is that server doesn't need access to KDC (see Kerberos authentication, service host and access to KDC) and it can be completely isolated from AD and corporate intranet. The server has a keytab file stored locally that is used to decrypt tickets sent by the users coming from intranet. The tickets only contain username and domain of the incoming user. Server never sees the passwords of authenticated users. If the server would be hacked and the keytab file compromised, it would mean that attacker could forge tickets for any domain user and get access to the web application as any user. But typically this is the case anyway if hacker gains access to the keytab file on the local filesystem. The encryption key contained in the keytab file is based on the service account password in AD and is in hashed form, I guess it is very difficult to brute force this password if strong Kerberos encryption like AES-256-SHA1 is used. As the server has no network access to intranet, even the compromised service account couldn't be directly used for anything.

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  • Xubuntu stuck after login

    - by viraptor
    How can I debug an issue with Xubuntu 12.04 (fresh install) which just waits idle after a login for about 30 seconds? The login screen is delayed correctly. After login, I get my desktop background, but no panels or auto-starting apps. It doesn't seem to be an authentication/pam issue, because I can login without delay at the console while the graphical session is still stuck. There's no disk or cpu activity and no obvious respawning of any process when I look at htop. There's nothing obviously wrong in .xsession-errors. Most interesting errors: openConnection: connect: No such file or directory cannot connect to brltty at :0 WARNING: gnome-keyring:: couldn't connect to: /tmp/keyring-wFn4VR/pkcs11: No such file or directory ... (polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1:2131): polkit-gnome-1-WARNING **: Failed to register client: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The nam e org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files ** Message: applet now removed from the notification area ** Message: using fallback from indicator to GtkStatusIcon ... (xfce4-indicator-plugin:2176): libindicator-WARNING **: IndicatorObject class does not have an accessible description. ... (xfce4-indicator-plugin:2176): Indicator-Application-WARNING **: Unable to get application list: Operation was cancelled Bootchart seems to end before I login, so it's not that helpful. Where else can I look for information?

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  • How to recover deleted files on ext3 fs

    - by Mike
    I have a drive which was using the ext3 filesystem. I am told that about 10Gb of data was deleted off the drive (probably via rm). The drive is currently mounted as read-only to preserve all data. Does anyone know of a method to restore some or all of the data? Also if it helps, the OS was Fedora. I've also been told that the data is mostly ASCII fortan source code and Matlab files. Conclusion I have finally managed to get the data back, and with the simplest means ever! After weeks of trying and failing to bring back much of any data, I brought someone in today to take a look at it and offer suggestions, he simply cd'd to the directory and everything was there! It was never lost in the first place!!! Needless to say I feel really dumb right now, but I learned quite a lot with this whole fiasco. At any rate, while I was looking through data forensics solutions, I found that the Autopsy, or more specifically the SleuthKit was the most helpful. So I will accept that as the final answer. I would also like to note for anyone that comes across this later on that the most up-voted (currently) answer by sekenre was also helpful and I learned a lot, but ultimately it did not help with the type (very many, and some being very large) of files I was dealing with. So thank to all you that provided suggestions and wish you all the best!

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  • 150 TB and growing, but how to grow?

    - by seandavi
    My group currently has two largish storage servers, both NAS running debian linux. The first is an all-in-one 24-disk (SATA) server that is several years old. We have two hardware RAIDS set up on it with LVM over those. The second server is 64 disks divided over 4 enclosures, each a hardware RAID 6, connected via external SAS. We use XFS with LVM over that to create 100TB useable storage. All of this works pretty well, but we are outgrowing these systems. Having build two such servers and still growing, we want to build something that allows us more flexibility in terms of future growth, backup options, that behaves better under disk failure (checking the larger filesystem can take a day or more), and can stand up in a heavily concurrent environment (think small computer cluster). We do not have system administration support, so we administer all of this ourselves (we are a genomics lab). So, what we seek is a relatively low-cost, acceptable performance storage solution that will allow future growth and flexible configuration (think ZFS with different pools having different operating characteristics). We are probably outside the realm of a single NAS. We have been thinking about a combination of ZFS (on openindiana, for example) or btrfs per server with glusterfs running on top of that if we do it ourselves. What we are weighing that against is simply biting the bullet and investing in Isilon or 3Par storage solutions. Any suggestions or experiences are appreciated.

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  • What's a good solution for file-tagging in linux?

    - by julien
    I've been looking for a way to tag my files and search/filter them based on those tags. Here are my (updated) requirements : any file readable by the user can be tagged freely a user can search for files matching one or several tags files can be moved around without losing the previously associated tags the system could be backed up easily no dependencies on any desktop environment if any gui is involved, there must be a cli fallback I've been hoping for some basic filesystem & coreutils hackery to handle this, but I haven' thought about this hard enough yet. Meanwhile I'll review beagle and metatracker, which have been mentionned here, and see how they perform. Ok so beagle has huge gnome dependencies, and tracker is okish, but still has some dependencies I don't like... Been doing some more research, and the way to go could very well be extended file attributes. That's a native solution for most recent filesystems, but they aren't very well supported yet (most coreutils destroys them by default, cp for example needs the -a flag to preserve them). Would like to hear some thoughts on using them while I try my hand at some hacks myself, eventhough this might warrant a new question.

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  • Cannot destroy ZFS snapshot: dataset already exists

    - by Morven
    I have a server (T5220, though I doubt it matters) running Solaris 10 8/07 and I have a ZFS pool, "mysql", on internal disk. Within it I have a filesystem "mysql/data/4.1.12", which I snapshot hourly with a script from cron. I have one snapshot, created as one of those hourly snaps, that will not destroy. I have renamed it out of sequence to be "mysql/data/4.1.12@wibble" so that my script will not try and fail to destroy it, but it was originally within the sequence, though I doubt that matters. It renames successfully. The snapshot can be successfully navigated and read from through the .zfs/snapshots directory. It has no clones based on it. Trying to destroy it does this: (265) root@web-mysql4:/# zfs destroy mysql/data/4.1.12@wibble cannot destroy 'mysql/data/4.1.12@wibble': dataset already exists (266) root@web-mysql4:/# which is apparently nonsensical: of course it already exists, that's the point! Anyone seen anything like this before? Web searches show nothing obviously similar. I can provide patches installed if necessary.

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  • How to allow users to transfer files to other users on linux

    - by Jon Bringhurst
    We have an environment of a few thousand users running applications on about 40 clusters ranging in size from 20 compute nodes to 98,000 compute nodes. Users on these systems generate massive files (sometimes 1PB) controlled by traditional unix permissions (ACLs usually aren't available or practical due to the specialized nature of the filesystem). We currently have a program called "give", which is a suid-root program that allows a user to "give" a file to another user when group permissions are insufficient. So, a user would type something like the following to give a file to another user: > give username-to-give-to filename-to-give ... The receiving user can then use a command called "take" (part of the give program) to receive the file: > take filename-to-receive The permissions of the file are then effectively transferred over to the receiving user. This program has been around for years and we'd like to revisit things from a security and functional point of view. Our current plan of action is to remove the bit rot in our current implementation of "give" and package it up as an open source app before we redeploy it into production. Does anyone have another method they use to transfer extremely large files between users when only traditional unix permissions are available?

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  • Relayout LVM Disk

    - by Tom
    I have an Ubuntu 11.10 system with two 500GB disks. The partition tables look like this: /dev/sda1 primary 465.52GB /dev/sda2 extended 243.17MB -> /dev/sda5 logical 243.14MB /dev/sdb1 primary 465.76GB sda1 and sdb1 are in a single LVM physical volume group containing a single logical volume containing a single logical filesystem which is mounted as /. sda5 is mounted as /boot. The problem comes when I want to upgrade to Ubuntu 12.04, which requires at least 247MB free on /boot. So I need to reduce the size of sda1 so that I can increase the size of sda2 and sda5. How the heck do I do that? I can find how to shrink the logical volume group, but I'm not at all clear on how to clear out the end part of sda1 so that I can reduce the physical volume group. Does pvresize just deal with this automagically? Or is that wild wishful thinking? I guess the alternatives are to back everything up onto something or other and recreate the thing from scratch or find out whether GRUB2 supports using LVM for /boot.

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  • Attempted hack on VPS, how to protect in future, what were they trying to do?

    - by Moin Zaman
    UPDATE: They're still here. Help me stop or trap them! Hi SF'ers, I've just had someone hack one of my clients sites. They managed to get to change a file so that the checkout page on the site writes payment information to a text file. Fortunately or unfortunately they stuffed up, the had a typo in the code, which broke the site so I came to know about it straight away. I have some inkling as to how they managed to do this: My website CMS has a File upload area where you can upload images and files to be used within the website. The uploads are limited to 2 folders. I found two suspicious files in these folders and on examining the contents it looks like these files allow the hacker to view the server's filesystem and upload their own files, modify files and even change registry keys?! I've deleted some files, and changed passwords and am in the process of trying to secure the CMS and limit file uploads by extensions. Anything else you guys can suggest I do to try and find out more details about how they got in and what else I can do to prevent this in future?

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  • GRUB reporting wrong partition type

    - by plok
    It all started when I had to replace one of the disks that the software RAID 1 on this machine currently uses. From that moment on I have not been able to boot to the Windows XP that is installed on the fourth hard drive, /dev/sdd. I am almost positive that the problem is related not to Windows but to GRUB, as if I unplug all the other hard drives so that the Windows XP disk is now /dev/sda it boots with no problem. The problem seems to be that GRUB detects a wrong partition type, which I understand suggest that something is really messed up. This is what I get when I try to follow the steps that until now had worked like a charm: grub> map (hd0) (hd3) grub> map (hd3) (hd0) grub> root (hd3,0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd 0xfd? That doesn't make sense. /dev/sdb and sdc are 0xfd (Linux raid), but not /dev/sdd: edel:~# fdisk -l [...] Disk /dev/sdd: 250.0 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00048d89 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 * 1 30400 244187968+ 7 HPFS/NTFS edel:/boot/grub# cat device.map (hd0) /dev/sda (hd1) /dev/sdb (hd2) /dev/sdc (hd3) /dev/sdd I have been trying to work this out for hours, to no avail. Can anyone point me in the right direction?

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  • Uninstall Glassfish and metro completely

    - by user775829
    I thought of updating my Glassfish server from 2.1 to 3.1.1 in a Linux machine. I downloaded the .ZIP package. However during uninstalling of Glassfish v2.1 I did not find the uninstall.sh file in "bin" directory. Following are a few steps which I did... I removed the glassfish folder (rm -rf ...) After removing files in the end it gave me a notification that it could not remove 2 files used by Metro. I cant recollect those file names, but I manually deleted that folder. I made a mistake by first not uninstalling Metro. I uninstalled metro completely after that. but it seemed pointless (it uninstalled successfully :P ) I transfered the Glassfish 3.1.1 ZIP file and unzipped and configured it. FOllow are a few Problems I am facing I cannot deploy any of my WAR file. Its giving errors saying " Error creating bean,Instantiation of bean failed etc etc." (However the WAR file is getting deployed successfully in other Linux Machine) When I try installing Metro v2.1 separately, it does not show the admin console or it timesout while starting the domain. The Log File of the Domain says it has started the domain successfully and the process is also created. But after running the command (asadmin) it takes like forever and times out without showing Domain Started Successfully, There is no uninstall.sh in Glassfishv3.1.1 bin directory. How do I completely uninstall Glassfish v 3.1.1 and Metro 2.1 ??? What are the files which I will have to manually remove?

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  • Why is there no /usr/bin/ in windows? Would it be dangerous to the entire Program Files to the path?

    - by dotancohen
    I am a Linux user spending some time in Windows and I'm trying to understand some of the Windows paradigms instead of fighting them. I notice that each program installed in the traditional manner (i.e. via orgasmic installers: Yes, Yes, Yes, Finish) adds the executables to C:/Program Files/foo/bar.exe and then adds a shortcut to the Desktop / Start Menu containing the entire path. However, there is no common directory with links to the software, i.e. C:/bin/bar.exe which would link to C:/Program Files/foo/bar.exe. Therefore, after installing an application the only way to use the application is via the clicky-clicky menus or by navigating to the executable in the filesystem. One cannot simply Win-R to open the run dialogue and then type bar or bar.exe as is possible with notepad or mspaint. I realize that Windows 8 improves on this with the otherwise horrendous Start Screen which does support typing the name of the app, but again this depends on the app having registered itself for such. Would I be doing any harm by adding C:/Program Files recursively to the Windows path? I do realize that there will be name collisions (i.e. uninstall.exe) but could there be other issues?

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  • How do I add a second disk to my zfs root pool

    - by ankimal
    I am trying to add a new disk to my zfs root pool. Here is my current config: zpool status pool: rpool state: ONLINE scrub: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM rpool ONLINE 0 0 0 c0d0s0 ONLINE 0 0 0 errors: No known data errors bash-3.00# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on rpool/ROOT/s10x_u7wos_08 311G 18G 293G 6% / swap 14G 384K 14G 1% /etc/svc/volatile /usr/lib/libc/libc_hwcap1.so.1 311G 18G 293G 6% /lib/libc.so.1 swap 14G 52K 14G 1% /tmp swap 14G 40K 14G 1% /var/run rpool/export 293G 19K 293G 1% /export rpool/export/home 430G 138G 293G 32% /export/home rpool 293G 36K 293G 1% /rpool # format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0d0 <DEFAULT cyl 60797 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63> /pci@0,0/pci-ide@1f,2/ide@0/cmdk@0,0 1. c2d0 <Hitachi- JK1181YAHL0YK-0001-16777216.> /pci@0,0/pci-ide@1f,5/ide@1/cmdk@0,0 Disk 1 above is the new disk I need to attach to expand my root pool (give /export/home some extra space). If I try to attach my new disk to the pool # zpool attach -f rpool c0d0s0 c2d0s0 cannot attach c2d0s0 to c0d0s0: new device must be a single disk # uname -a SunOS dsol1 5.10 Generic_139556-08 i86pc i386 i86pc Solaris Any ideas?

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  • grub refuses to install to raid array

    - by ronno
    I have a software raid 0 setup with dual booting Windows 7 and Ubuntu 12.04. The GRUB bootloader that is already on the hard drive seems to work fine. However, since the latest package update for grub, it refuses to install the new version to the hard disk. grub-install throws the following error: /usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/mapper/< raid name_RAID0p9. Check your device.map. Auto-detection of a filesystem of /dev/mapper/< raid name_RAID0p9 failed. Try with --recheck. If the problem persists please report this together with the output of "/usr/sbin/grub-probe --device-map="/boot/grub/device.map" --target=fs -v /boot/grub" to < [email protected] update-grub pops the same "/usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/mapper/< raid name_RAID0p9. Check your device.map." every alternate line. I don't understand what exactly is going on. I'm afraid to reinstall the grub package because it might mess up the boot, which currently works fine. Is it safe to just ignore this?

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  • Mounting fuse sshfs fails when invoked by Cron on FreeBSD 9.0

    - by Tal
    I have a remote server filesystem that I'm attempting to mount locally on a FreeBSD 9 machine via FUSE sshfs, and Cron for a backup routine. I have ssh keys between the boxes setup to allow for passwordless login as the root user on the local machine. Cron is set to run the following script (in Root's crontab): #!/bin/sh echo "Mounting Share" /usr/local/bin/sshfs -C -o reconnect -o idmap=user -o workaround=all <remote user>@<remote domain>.com: /mnt/remote_server As root, I can run this script on the command line without issue, and without being asked for a password the share mounts successfully. Yet, when run by Cron the script fails. The path to sshfs is identical to the value of which sshfs Here is the email root receives from the Cron Daemon: X-Cron-Env: <SHELL=/bin/sh> X-Cron-Env: <HOME=/root> X-Cron-Env: <PATH=/usr/bin:/bin> X-Cron-Env: <LOGNAME=root> X-Cron-Env: <USER=root> Mounting Share fuse: failed to exec mount program: No such file or directory fuse: failed to mount file system: No such file or directory I'm stumped as to why I'm receiving No such file or directory in this instance. It further seems odd given that the paths appear to be correct. I've also attempted to compare the output of env on the shell with env inserted into the script. I don't see any environment variables that should cause this trouble. At bootup, FUSE reports its version as: fuse4bsd: version 0.3.9-pre1, FUSE ABI 7.8 Help me ServerFault wizards, you're my only hope!

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  • Deploying multiple identical copies of a virtual machine for compute tasks

    - by Reid
    I have a compute task which has a large number of library dependencies. I would like to deploy it on some of my company's large Linux clusters, where I do not have root. I could probably track down, compile, and install the right versions of all the libraries, but this looks to be quite tedious and would have to be repeated if I deployed it again somewhere else. On the other hand, it's pretty easy to install on current Ubuntu. This led me to wonder about a virtual machine approach. Could I put together a virtual machine which booted up, ran the computation (with parameters from and results to the host), and then shut down? In other words, I'd like a command like this that I could run on the host: $ ./run-vm --ram N --task /path/on/host/foo.sh --results /another/host/dir/ This would boot the VM, run foo.sh, and put the (relatively small) results of the computation in /another/host/dir/. It's important to start up many instances of the VM simultaneously, both on a single node and multiple nodes of the cluster. So it would be nice if I didn't have to make many copies of the VM virtual disk and metadata. As the task instances are completely independent, the VMs would not need any network support once deployed, or any outside communications beyond reading and writing the host filesystem. Is this possible, and if so, how might I go about doing it? Are there assumptions I've made above which are bogus?

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  • Which program is locking all my executable files?

    - by Tom Wijsman
    When updating any software product, as well as manually trying to replace .exe files, it says that access is denied to the file and in fact the System process is holding a handle to the file when I check it with Process Explorer. This must be a driver or something that is malfunctioning was my first though, but now I wonder how I figure out which driver / program is doing this and why it is so. Unlocker doesn't seem to be working for me, unless someone can tell me how to use it properly other than making it appear a magical wand in the notification area.... This is what Unlocker puts in my event log: The description for Event ID 1060 from source Application Popup cannot be found. Either the component that raises this event is not installed on your local computer or the installation is corrupted. You can install or repair the component on the local computer. If the event originated on another computer, the display information had to be saved with the event. The following information was included with the event: \??\C:\Program Files (x86)\Unlocker\UnlockerDriver5.sys the message resource is present but the message is not found in the string/message table Upon searching event 1060 I get: <file name> has been blocked from loading due to incompatibility with this system. Perhaps it is because I have 64 bit?

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  • disk space keeps filling up on EC2 instance with no apperent files/directories

    - by sasher
    How come os shows 6.5G used but I see only 3.6G in files/directories? Running as root on an Amazon Linux AMI (seems like Centos), lots of free memory available, no swapping going on, no apparent file descriptors issue. The only thing I can think of is a log file that was deleted while applications append to it. Disk space usage is slowly but continuously rising towards full capacity (~1k/min with very small decreases from time to time) Any explanation? Solution? du --max-depth=1 -h / 1.2G /usr 4.0K /cgroup 22M /lib64 11M /sbin 19M /etc 52K /dev 2.1G /var 4.0K /media 0 /sys 4.0K /selinux du: cannot access /proc/14024/task/14024/fd/4': No such file or directory du: cannot access<br/> /proc/14024/task/14024/fdinfo/4': No such file or directory du: cannot access /proc/14024/fd/4': No such file or directory du: cannot<br/> access/proc/14024/fdinfo/4': No such file or directory 0 /proc 18M /home 4.0K /logs 8.1M /bin 16K /lost+found 12M /tmp 4.0K /srv 35M /boot 79M /lib 56K /root 67M /opt 4.0K /local 4.0K /mnt 3.6G / df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 7.9G 6.5G 1.4G 84% / tmpfs 3.7G 0 3.7G 0% /dev/shm sysctl fs.file-nr fs.file-nr = 864 0 761182

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  • How to correctly setup home directories and permissions on a mounted partition.

    - by user36505
    I'm setting up a Fedora 12 server. I have a root (/) partition where the boot (/boot) partition is mounted and then a separate partition (/files) for separating home directories and shares away from the other partitions. The filesystem mounts fine and users can be created to have home directories in /files/home/[user] just fine. However, when I log in as one of those users, I get an error saying "Cannot chdir in to /files/home/[user]: permission denied". If I create a user under the default /home using the same process, everything works fine. The same goes for when I try and browse a share in windows; I can see the shares, but cannot access them. The permissions and owners on /files and /files/home are the same as /home. When the user is created, the user directory owner and permissions are also the same. How can I set the /files partition up so that it can be used as a home directory and for samba sharing rather than using the root (/) partition? Thanks.

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  • saving data from a failing drive

    - by intuited
    An external 3½" HDD seems to be in danger of failing — it's making ticking sounds when idle. I've acquired a replacement drive, and want to know the best strategy to get the data off of the dubious drive with the best chance of saving as much as possible. There are some directories that are more important than others. However, I'm guessing that picking and choosing directories is going to reduce my chances of saving the whole thing. I would also have to mount it, dump a file listing, and then unmount it in order to be able to effectively prioritize directories. Adding in the fact that it's time-consuming to do this, I'm leaning away from this approach. I've considered just using dd, but I'm not sure how it would handle read errors or other problems that might prevent only certain parts of the data from being rescued, or which could be overcome with some retries, but not so many that they endanger other parts of the drive from being saved. I guess ideally it would do a single pass to get as much as possible and then go back to retry anything that was missed due to errors. Is it possible that copying more slowly — e.g. pausing every x MB/GB — would be better than just running the operation full tilt, for example to avoid any overheating issues? For the "where is your backup" crowd: this actually is my backup drive, but it also contains some non-critical and bulky stuff, like music, that aren't backups, i.e. aren't backed up. The drive has not exhibited any clear signs of failure other than this somewhat ominous sound. I did have to fsck a few errors recently — orphaned inodes, incorrect free blocks/inodes counts, inode bitmap differences, zero dtime on deleted inodes; about 20 errors in all. The filesystem of the partition is ext3.

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  • Slower/cached Linux file system required

    - by Chopper3
    I know it sounds odd but I need a slower or cached filesystem. I have a lot of firewalls that are syslog'ing their data to a pair of Linux VMs which write these files to their 'local' (actually FC SAN attached) ext3-formatted disks and also forward the messages to our Splunk servers. The problem is that the syslog server is writing these syslog messages as hundreds, sometimes thousands, of tiny ~4k writes per second back to our FC SAN - which can handle this workload right now but our FW traffic's going to be growing by at least a factor of 5000% (really) in coming months and that'll be a pain for the SAN, I want to fix the root cause before it's a problem. So I need some help figuring out a way of getting these writes cached or held-off in some way from the 'physical' disks so that the VMs fire off larger, but less frequent, writes - there's no way of avoiding these writes but there's no need for it to do so many tiny ones. I've looked at the various ext3 options, setting noatime and nodiratime but that's not made much of a dent in the problem. Obviously I'm investigating other file systems but thought I'd throw this out in case others have the same problem in the future. Oh and I can't just forward these messages to Splunk, our firewall team insist they're in their original format for diag purposes.

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  • Separate domains vs. one domain with alias-domains

    - by Quasdunk
    I have tried to ask this question a few days ago but I'm afraid it was not clear enough, so here's another try. I have set up a LAMP-server using ISPConfig 3 for the administration. PHP is running over Fast-CGI. I have several domains, like my_site.com, my_site.net and my_site.org, but they all point to the same application/website. Each domain has its own web-root-folder and is running under its own user. The application itself is in a common directory which is owned by another user, like so: # path to my_application (owned by web1) /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/my_application/ # sym-link to my_application from my_site.com-web-root (owned by web5) /var/www/my_site.com/web -> /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/ # sym-link to my_application from my_site.net (owned by web4) /var/www/my_site.net/web -> /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/ With a setup like this I have encountered a few problems concerning the permissions when performing filesystem-operations with PHP. For instance, if the application is called via my_site.com, the user web5 is trying to write something to the application-folder. But the application-folder is owned by the user web1, so web5 is not allowed to write there. As far as I unterstand, this is how Fast-CGI works. After some research and asking a few people, the solution seems to be to break it all down to one domain (e.g. my_site.com) and define the other domains (my_site.org, my_site.net) as alias for this one domain. That way, there would be only one user who has all necessary permissions. However, this would mean that we'd have to buy a multidomain SSL-certificate - but we already have an SSL-certificate for each domain. We were able to use them with our previous provider (managed hosting), and there we also had only one web-directory and multiple domains. So if this was possible, I wonder: Is putting all the domains together into one v-host with one main- and several alias-domains the right approach in this case? Or may I have misunderstood something?

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  • centos install / partitioning

    - by ServerSideX
    I'm using NOC-PS to remotely install Centos 6.2 via KVM / IPMI. I'm going to install cPanel as well and they recommend this layout /boot (99MB) swap (2x server RAM) / (remainder) In the o/s install profile within NOC-PS software, it shows as this: part /boot --fstype ext2 --size 250 part pv.01 --size 1 --grow volgroup vg pv.01 logvol / --vgname=vg --size=1 --grow --fstype ext4 --fsoptions=discard,noatime --name=root logvol /tmp --vgname=vg --size=1024 --fstype ext4 --fsoptions=discard,noatime --name=tmp logvol swap --vgname=vg --recommended --name=swap By the time the default partition setup was done installing Centos, I get this [root@server005 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg-root 532G 907M 504G 1% / tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 243M 28M 202M 13% /boot /dev/mapper/vg-tmp 1008M 34M 924M 4% /tmp [root@server005 ~]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Fri Dec 7 18:47:24 2012 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/vg-root / ext4 discard,noatime 1 1 UUID=58b31aaf-5072-4fb1-a858-33bc316fa793 /boot ext2 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg-tmp /tmp ext4 discard,noatime 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg-swap swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 My question is, how should the NOC-PS install profile look like to get the recommended cPanel partitioning? The server has 16GB RAM, dual 600GB SAS drives and will be used for cPanel shared hosting.

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  • How to safely use grub rescue> in Fedora 16? System does not boot anymore

    - by YumYumYum
    When i boot my PC, i get this in my Fedora 16 distro. I have tried as following but none allowing me to boot anymore. Any help please? I am blocked completely. Grub loading. Welcome to GRUB! error: file not found. Entering rescue mode... grub rescue> grub rescue> ls (hd0) (hd0,gpt3) (hd0,gpt2) (hd0,gpt1) grub rescue> ls (hd0,gpt2)/ ./ ../ lost+found/ memtest86+-4.20 grub2/ System.map-3.1.0-0.rc3.git0.0.fc16.i686 config 3.1.0.0.rc3.git0.0.fc16.i686 grub/ vmlinuz-3.1.0.0.rc3.git0.0.fc16.i686 elf-memtest86+-4.20 initramfs-3.1.0.0.rc3.git0.0.fc16.i686.img initramfs-3.1.0.0.rc4.git0.0.fc16.i686.img System.mpa-3.1.0.0.rc3.git0.0.fc16.i686 config-3.1.0.0.rc3.git0.0.fc16.i686 vmlinuz-3.1.0.0.rc3.git0.0.fc16.i686 grub rescue> set prefix=(hd0,gpt2)/boot/grub grub rescue> set root=(hd0,gpt2) grub rescue>insmod normal error unknown filesystem. or sometimes "error: file not found." grub rescue>normal unknown command normal

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