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• Is post-sudden-power-loss filesystem corruption on an SSD drive's ext3 partition "expected behavior"?

  - by Jeremy Friesner

  My company makes an embedded Debian Linux device that boots from an ext3 partition on an internal SSD drive. Because the device is an embedded "black box", it is usually shut down the rude way, by simply cutting power to the device via an external switch. This is normally okay, as ext3's journalling keeps things in order, so other than the occasional loss of part of a log file, things keep chugging along fine. However, we've recently seen a number of units where after a number of hard-power-cycles the ext3 partition starts to develop structural issues -- in particular, we run e2fsck on the ext3 partition and it finds a number of issues like those shown in the output listing at the bottom of this Question. Running e2fsck until it stops reporting errors (or reformatting the partition) clears the issues. My question is... what are the implications of seeing problems like this on an ext3/SSD system that has been subjected to lots of sudden/unexpected shutdowns? My feeling is that this might be a sign of a software or hardware problem in our system, since my understanding is that (barring a bug or hardware problem) ext3's journalling feature is supposed to prevent these sorts of filesystem-integrity errors. (Note: I understand that user-data is not journalled and so munged/missing/truncated user-files can happen; I'm specifically talking here about filesystem-metadata errors like those shown below) My co-worker, on the other hand, says that this is known/expected behavior because SSD controllers sometimes re-order write commands and that can cause the ext3 journal to get confused. In particular, he believes that even given normally functioning hardware and bug-free software, the ext3 journal only makes filesystem corruption less likely, not impossible, so we should not be surprised to see problems like this from time to time. Which of us is right? Embedded-PC-failsafe:~# ls Embedded-PC-failsafe:~# umount /mnt/unionfs Embedded-PC-failsafe:~# e2fsck /dev/sda3 e2fsck 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008) embeddedrootwrite contains a file system with errors, check forced. Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Invalid inode number for '.' in directory inode 46948. Fix<y>? yes Directory inode 46948, block 0, offset 12: directory corrupted Salvage<y>? yes Entry 'status_2012-11-26_14h13m41.csv' in /var/log/status_logs (46956) has deleted/unused inode 47075. Clear<y>? yes Entry 'status_2012-11-26_10h42m58.csv.gz' in /var/log/status_logs (46956) has deleted/unused inode 47076. Clear<y>? yes Entry 'status_2012-11-26_11h29m41.csv.gz' in /var/log/status_logs (46956) has deleted/unused inode 47080. Clear<y>? yes Entry 'status_2012-11-26_11h42m13.csv.gz' in /var/log/status_logs (46956) has deleted/unused inode 47081. Clear<y>? yes Entry 'status_2012-11-26_12h07m17.csv.gz' in /var/log/status_logs (46956) has deleted/unused inode 47083. Clear<y>? yes Entry 'status_2012-11-26_12h14m53.csv.gz' in /var/log/status_logs (46956) has deleted/unused inode 47085. Clear<y>? yes Entry 'status_2012-11-26_15h06m49.csv' in /var/log/status_logs (46956) has deleted/unused inode 47088. Clear<y>? yes Entry 'status_2012-11-20_14h50m09.csv' in /var/log/status_logs (46956) has deleted/unused inode 47073. Clear<y>? yes Entry 'status_2012-11-20_14h55m32.csv' in /var/log/status_logs (46956) has deleted/unused inode 47074. Clear<y>? yes Entry 'status_2012-11-26_11h04m36.csv.gz' in /var/log/status_logs (46956) has deleted/unused inode 47078. Clear<y>? yes Entry 'status_2012-11-26_11h54m45.csv.gz' in /var/log/status_logs (46956) has deleted/unused inode 47082. Clear<y>? yes Entry 'status_2012-11-26_12h12m20.csv.gz' in /var/log/status_logs (46956) has deleted/unused inode 47084. Clear<y>? yes Entry 'status_2012-11-26_12h33m52.csv.gz' in /var/log/status_logs (46956) has deleted/unused inode 47086. Clear<y>? yes Entry 'status_2012-11-26_10h51m59.csv.gz' in /var/log/status_logs (46956) has deleted/unused inode 47077. Clear<y>? yes Entry 'status_2012-11-26_11h17m09.csv.gz' in /var/log/status_logs (46956) has deleted/unused inode 47079. Clear<y>? yes Entry 'status_2012-11-26_12h54m11.csv.gz' in /var/log/status_logs (46956) has deleted/unused inode 47087. Clear<y>? yes Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity '..' in /etc/network/run (46948) is <The NULL inode> (0), should be /etc/network (46953). Fix<y>? yes Couldn't fix parent of inode 46948: Couldn't find parent directory entry Pass 4: Checking reference counts Unattached inode 46945 Connect to /lost+found<y>? yes Inode 46945 ref count is 2, should be 1. Fix<y>? yes Inode 46953 ref count is 5, should be 4. Fix<y>? yes Pass 5: Checking group summary information Block bitmap differences: -(208264--208266) -(210062--210068) -(211343--211491) -(213241--213250) -(213344--213393) -213397 -(213457--213463) -(213516--213521) -(213628--213655) -(213683--213688) -(213709--213728) -(215265--215300) -(215346--215365) -(221541--221551) -(221696--221704) -227517 Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #6 (17247, counted=17611). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong (161691, counted=162055). Fix<y>? yes Inode bitmap differences: +(47089--47090) +47093 +47095 +(47097--47099) +(47101--47104) -(47219--47220) -47222 -47224 -47228 -47231 -(47347--47348) -47350 -47352 -47356 -47359 -(47457--47488) -47985 -47996 -(47999--48000) -48017 -(48027--48028) -(48030--48032) -48049 -(48059--48060) -(48062--48064) -48081 -(48091--48092) -(48094--48096) Fix<y>? yes Free inodes count wrong for group #6 (7608, counted=7624). Fix<y>? yes Free inodes count wrong (61919, counted=61935). Fix<y>? yes embeddedrootwrite: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** embeddedrootwrite: ********** WARNING: Filesystem still has errors ********** embeddedrootwrite: 657/62592 files (24.4% non-contiguous), 87882/249937 blocks Embedded-PC-failsafe:~# Embedded-PC-failsafe:~# e2fsck /dev/sda3 e2fsck 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008) embeddedrootwrite contains a file system with errors, check forced. Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Directory entry for '.' in ... (46948) is big. Split<y>? yes Missing '..' in directory inode 46948. Fix<y>? yes Setting filetype for entry '..' in ... (46948) to 2. Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity '..' in /etc/network/run (46948) is <The NULL inode> (0), should be /etc/network (46953). Fix<y>? yes Pass 4: Checking reference counts Inode 2 ref count is 12, should be 13. Fix<y>? yes Pass 5: Checking group summary information embeddedrootwrite: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** embeddedrootwrite: 657/62592 files (24.4% non-contiguous), 87882/249937 blocks Embedded-PC-failsafe:~# Embedded-PC-failsafe:~# e2fsck /dev/sda3 e2fsck 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008) embeddedrootwrite: clean, 657/62592 files, 87882/249937 blocks

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• SAN newbie: What kind of fiber cables do I need to connect to the front end ports on my EMC CX300

  - by red888

  I have an old CX300 I'm messing with and I cant determine what kind of HBA\fiber cables I need to connect a server to the front end ports on the DPE2. The hardware reference doesn't give me any details and being new to FC-SAN all of the options are pretty overwhelming. I don't know if the ports are SC or LC or if it requires singlemode or multimode. Googling hasn't turned up anything for me either. All I know is that it supports 2GB Fiber. Here is a pic of one the modules. You can clearly see the front-end ports (FE)

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• Does the Windows "Sources" folder need copied to C: like the "i386" folder did?

  - by James Watt

  On all flavors of Windows prior to Windows Vista, the Windows install CD contained a folder called i386. After installing Windows, this folder is suppose to be copied to the C: drive. Once the folder has been copied, if user is ever installing a program or windows updates that require the Windows install CD, it will retrieve the files from the hard drive INSTEAD of prompting for the Windows CD. On new versions of Windows, including Windows Vista, Windows 7, Server 2008 and Server 2008 R2, the i386 folder has been renamed to "sources". Should this folder be copied to the hard drive? Or do the new versions of Windows work differently (i.e. by installing all features on the hard drive to eliminate the need for ever prompting the user to insert their disc.) It does not hurt to copy the sources folder, so I have been doing it. But if I could eliminate time wasted it would make installations faster which helps my customers' bottom line.

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• m23 vs webmin vs landscape vs whatever you can propose, I need software to mantain a bunch of debian

  - by marc.riera

  Hello, I know there is landscape from canonical, but it has some $$ costs. Als there is webmin, and it can be used as a cluster management tool. Also there is m23, probably the most usable and interesting peace of manager software. But, what would you suggest to install and use on following configuration: 1) 100 desktop users, against an AD with quest authentication services installed. (ubunt8.04,9.04,9.10,10.04) 2) 50 servers (debian sid, lenny , ubuntu 8.04 and 10.04) We work on different software, so each group of persons need different configurations, each server has different pourposses, nothing is clusterized. And we have a good enough backup software. So , my objectives are: - easy install (deploy) - good reporting - easy logonscripts for users - easy bootupscripts for servers Thanks all for reading, and more thanks for your time. Marc

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• Does liquid cooling mean I no longer need to dust my machine?

  - by Starkers

  I've got two long haired cats, a dog and I live with a smoker. I use my computer pretty much all day everday, and though I put it to sleep in the night, those fans are constantly going during the day. In just 6 months the rear fans have so much hair wrapped around them it looks more like something from a vacuum cleaner rather than electronic equipment! Due to this, I'm interested in liquid cooling. However, it appears that liquid cooled systems have fans and liquid cooling? Are those just hybrid solutions? They wouldn't really help my situation. There does appear to be fanless systems that use a radiator to dissipate heat. If I implemented one of these could I seal up the vents on my PC and never have to dust it again? Is there a disadvantage to fanless liquid cooling? I don't need to overclock at the moment but I ever want to push my components will fanless liquid cooling be pretty rubbish?

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• Do I need to rebuild the array after putting in a new hot spare?

  - by Shade34321

  So my experience with RAID is minimal. So I figured I'd come and ask here. We have a 16 drive RAID system that have 15 drives in RAID 5 with a hot spare left over. Recently one of the drives in the RAID was giving errors so I cloned it over to the hot spare and put a new drive in it's spot. I made the new drive the hot spare as I was told. I was told to rebuild the array after putting in the new drive as a hot spare so I tried and wasn't able to. So my question is do I need to rebuild it and if so why did it tell me I couldn't. Thanks! UPDATE: So I've come back up to work and looked at the RAID and it pulled in the hot spare into the raid and kicked out another drive.

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• For how long do I need to store the logs?

  - by mindas

  I will soon be running an internet-based public service which will physically be hosted in the UK on a virtual server. The virtual server is provided by the ISP. I was wondering if there is/are any legal requirement(s) to keep access logs, and if yes - for how long? There is a Wikipedia article that touches this subject but I'm afraid my brain just can't grasp the legislative gibberish. I believe there's EU law and there's UK law; and I do need to comply to both, right? Can somebody explain this in pure layman's terms?

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• Does Ubuntu 12.04.1 come with everything I need for using virtual servers and are the tools efficient?

  - by orokusaki

  I noticed that Ubuntu 12.04.1 comes with Xen, OpenStack, KVM and other virtualization-related tools. I have used VMWare in the past. If I was to use Xen for visualization, would I see considerable performance lost, since Xen is run on the host OS? Is it even run on the host OS, or is it like VMWare where it's installed below any Linux OS on the machine (embedded, I guess is the word)? Do you have any recommendations on what sort of set up to use with these built-in tools? I have 2 physical servers, side-by-side. Each will need a VM used for Postgres and a VM used as an app server. One will be a failover for the other.

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• Here's what I want... what do I tell my IT guy I need?

  - by Jason

  I work in the graphics department for a real estate brokerage, and we deal with a lot of photos. Agents take the photos, upload them to me, I touch up and standardize the photos, then I add them to an in-house server for future use by the graphics dept. I'd like to make the "sanitized" photo files available to the agents to use when they want, but I don't want the agents poking around the graphics department's files (things get misplaced, renamed and messed up in a hurry). What would be perfect is if we could create a read-only "mirror" (correct term?) of that server that could be accessed by the agents as needed, but which wouldn't feed back into our "sanitized" file system. What do I tell the office IT guy I need (platform-agnostically, because I don't know what he's running)? I never get to see him face-to-face, so I've got to word this as carefully and explicitly as possible. Thoughts? Thanks in advance for your feedback

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• Photoshop CS4 slowing down, need advice to improve speed.

  - by Pennf0lio

  Hi, I just recently experienced problem with my Photoshop, It seem that it is slowing down when I am doing graphics design. Big or small files ( from 20 x 20 inch 300 dpi of resolution to 800x600 72 resolution ) it is really slowing down. Particularly when I am panning to my project It just get stuck for a few seconds then back to normal with slow movement. Can you guess what's wrong? I have an updated antivirus and I don't think virus is causing it. other adobe suite is working fine just my photoshop. I am running in windows 7, using Intel Core2 Duo 2.40 Ghz and has an Installed Ram of 2 GB. My primary scratch disk has 21 Gigabyte left and the secondary has a 13.89 GB. I need a solution urgently. I am planning to reformat my computer just to resolve my problem.

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• How many hours of use before I need to clean a tape drive?

  - by codeape

  I do backups to a HP Ultrium 2 tape drive (HP StorageWorks Ultrium 448). The drive has a 'Clean' LED that supposedly will light up or blink when the drive needs to be cleaned. The drive has been in use since october 2005, and still the 'Clean' light has never been lit. The drive statistics are: Total hours in use: 1603 Total bytes written: 19.7 TB Total bytes read: 19.3 TB My question is: How many hours of use can I expect before I need to clean the drive? Edit: I have not encountered any errors using the drive. I do restore tests every two months, and every backup is verified. Edit 2: The user manual says: "HP StorageWorks Ultrium tape drives do not require regular cleaning. An Ultrium universal cleaning cartridge should only be used when the orange Clean LED is flashing." Update: It is now May 2010 (4.5 years of use), and the LED is still off, I have not cleaned, backups verify and regular restore tests are done.

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• ISA - Why do i suddenly need to specify settings on the client machines?

  - by user40623

  Have been pulling my hair out over this one for hours, and wondering if someone can help. I have a server with two network interfaces that was running isa 2004 and humming until i installed sbs service pack + isa 2004 service pack 3. Grrrrrrrrrr I can get the client machines to connect to the internet but only by installing the ISA Client on each machine or setting proxy settings etc in the internet settings. Ideally i want the client machines to just work with no configuration or proxy server settings as they were before. Where do i start, and what other information do you need from me if any to find out what im doing wrong Thanks!

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• What is Mobsync.exe? Assuming I don't need it, can I disable it in Windows 7 without ill side effect

  - by Chris W. Rea

  I'm running Windows 7. Occasionally when I resume my computer from standby, it seems to wait 20-30 seconds or so before giving me full control back. In an attempt to diagnose why, I've been watching what's going on using the awesome Process Explorer. One of the processes I've noticed being started during that hiccup time is Mobsync.exe, described as "Microsoft Sync Center". Sync? Sync what? So, what is Mobsync.exe used for, exactly? Assuming I don't need its functionality, can I disable it in Windows 7 without ill side effect? If so, what's the best way to disable Mobsync.exe?

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• Gentoo Linux -> Ubuntu: Can I Preserve My LVM/RAID Devices, Or Do I Need To Reformat?

  - by Eddie Parker

  Hello: I've got a Gentoo box that I'm interested in switching over to an Ubuntu box. I currently have the partitions laid out using a mixture of RAID (mdadm) and LVM2, as specified in this document [1]. Ideally I'd like to just wipe out the non /home partition, as it's got data I'd like to keep. Is it possible to reuse the current setup, or do I need to restart? vgdisplay, vgchange -a y, etc don't yield any results from the Ubuntu LiveCD, and I'm wary to run any commands that might wipe my data. Your help would be appreciated. [1] http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/gentoo-x86+raid+lvm2-quickinstall.xml

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• What is IPKVM and why would I need that to install SQL Server on my Web Server?

  - by Eric

  Hello. I have a dedicated server, and will be installing SQL Server. However, my hosting company said they can connect an external CD ROM drive and give me KVM over IP to install SQL Server. My question is, what is IPKVM, and how does it work? Do I need special hardware or software on my side to use it....or do I just connect via remote desktop? Also, why can't I remote into my server through remote desktop instead of using KVM over IP?

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• Do I need DELL OpenManage to generate snmp traps on RAID degradation?

  - by jishi

  I need to setup surveillance on all our servers to spot any RAID degradation in time. However, not all of our servers have OpenManage installed, and since they are in production I don't like the idea of installing it on them. Therefor: Is it necessary to have it installed in order to get an event-log for any degradation of the RAID? Because, if I get an event-log I can send an SNMP trap, if I understand it correctly. I thought it was the driver that responsible for the event-logging, but on a machine that recently had a degradation, I can't seem to find any log event for it.

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• What settings need to be changed to allow EC2 instances to use Amazon's Route 53 for DNS?

  - by ks78

  I have a number of Amazon EC2 instances, all running Ubuntu, which I'd like to configure to use Amazon's Route 53. I setup a script, following Shlomo Swidler's article, but ran into script-related issues, which were answered here. Now, I have the script working, but my instances are still not able to access Route 53's DNS. By this I mean, they are not able to resolve hostnames to IP addresses. My instances are currently configured with the DNS server IP address Amazon pushes out to them by default, does that need to be changed when using Route 53? I'm also IP-restricting my instances using the Security Groups. Could that be the problem? Is there a certain IP address or port I should open to allow communication with Route 53? It seems that DNS requests should be originating from my instances so the Security Groups shouldn't be an issue, but I've been wrong before. If anyone has any ideas, I'd really appreciate it.

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• How much HDD space would I need to cache the web while respecting robot.txts?

  - by Koning Baard XIV

  I want to experiment with creating a web crawler. I'll start with indexing a few medium sized website like Stack Overflow or Smashing Magazine. If it works, I'd like to start crawling the entire web. I'll respect robot.txts. I save all html, pdf, word, excel, powerpoint, keynote, etc... documents (not exes, dmgs etc, just documents) in a MySQL DB. Next to that, I'll have a second table containing all restults and descriptions, and a table with words and on what page to find those words (aka an index). How much HDD space do you think I need to save all the pages? Is it as low as 1 TB or is it about 10 TB, 20? Maybe 30? 1000? Thanks

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• I installed DKIM and SPF. Do I need to install Domain Keys as well?

  - by johnlai2004

  I have linux apache mysql and php server. My website uses the php mail() function and the server's postfix server to email other people. I successfully installed SPF and DKIM on my server to reduce the likelihood of my website's email-outs from ending up in people's spam boxes. In my research, I stumbled on Domain Keys which seems to be a "historical" version of DKIM. Do the big web mail services like Google, Yahoo and Hotmail still use Domain Keys? If not, then maybe I don't need to install it?

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• Need to detect the same application open on another computer on the network. Any software around tha

  - by Joe Schmoe

  I have a time management application that I use at home quite a lot and have running most of the time. At home, I have a desktop PC and a couple of laptops scattered around the house...all networked together. Unfortunately, the application I use is not multi-user and I risk losing/corrupting data if it has been left running on one computer inadvertently while I start using it on another one in another part of the house. I use Live Mesh to automatically keep the application's database synced across the different computers and I just need some way of making sure that I don't start using the application on another computer before closing it down on the previous one. Anyone know of any Windows software that can detect if an application is running simultaneously on different computers on my network, and warn me if I am about to have two open at the same time?

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• Install wireless router with cable modem - need authentication server?

  - by Paul

  I've bought a wireless router which I'm installing with a Telstra BigPond cable modem for a friend. As part of the setup I've got to a screen requesting username / password / authentication server for the cable modem They have contacted Telstra who supply the username / password and say that is all they need. They dont know anything about an authentication server. There are a couple of answers up on Whirlpool forum found through google but those answers are 4 years old. http://forums.whirlpool.net.au/forum-replies-archive.cfm/475258.html http://forums.whirlpool.net.au/forum-replies-archive.cfm/479615.html I havent tried them yet as I hoped to get actual answers before trundling over to my friends house again. Can anyone suggest, How to get information from Telstra support? (I realise this question maybe impossible to answer) What is the authentication server for Telstra BigPond for a user in Sydney Australia Are those whirlpool forum answers still valid? I guess if I dont get anything more here I'll try what it says on whirlpool and see what happens.

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• Do I need to run a verfication on LTO tape backups even though the drives themselves perform verification as they write?

  - by ObligatoryMoniker

  We have an LTO-3 Tape drive in a Dell media library that we use for our tape backups. The article about LTO on Wikipedia states that: LTO uses an automatic verify-after-write technology to immediately check the data as it is being written, but some backup systems explicitly perform a completely separate tape reading operation to verify the tape was written correctly. This separate verify operation doubles the number of end-to-end passes for each scheduled backup, and reduces the tape life by half. What I would like to know is, do I need my backup software (Backup Exec in this case) to perform a verify on these tapes or is the verify-after-write technology inherent in LTO drives sufficient? I would also be curious if Backup Exec understands the verify-after-write technology enough to alert me if that technology couldn't veryify the data or will it just ignore it making it useless anyway since even if the drive detecs a problem I would never know about it.

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• Do I need to have a company so that I can buy an SSL certificate that will display green at the address bar?

  - by André Pena

  I have a non-comercial website in which the users store some sensitive information so I feel the need to have a SSL certificate, but it seems that if I don't have a registered company I can't buy a green certificate. I have some related questions: Is it true that if I don't have a company, I can't have a green certificate? If I issue a standard (non-business) certificate that won't go green (from GoDadday, for instance), will it go red? Or will it have a less ugly display.. something more neutral that won't scary the user.

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• Cable installed - now my hub has no connection the router/modem - what do I need to buy?

  - by bcmcfc

  My previous setup was as follows: [modem/router]------[switch]+------ [pc1] +------ [pc2] I've just moved and had cable installed and I no longer have the option of running a lengthy LAN cable from the router to the switch to provide network and internet access to the two PCs. The cable company provided 2 wireless N USB adapters. What do I need to buy to plug into where in order to restore the network to its previous state? PC1 dual boots Windows 7 and Ubuntu 12. PC2 runs Debian 6. Edit: USB adapters - Netgear WNDA3200 Switch - TP-Link TL-SF1008D 8 port Ethernet switch Cabling - various patch cables cat5e rj45 Modem/Router - pretty standard cable company job - wireless Intention is something like- [modem/router] --wifi-- [some-new-hardware or perhaps to pc1] ----[switch]---[pc1/2]

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• What kind of SSL Cert do I need and where do I get it?

  - by chacham15

  I want to have subdomains with SSL within my domain. The main difference is that each subdomain is hosted by a different person with a different public key/private key pair. Let me illustrate with an example: User send his public key and requests subdomain from foo.com User is added and assigned subdomain bar (bar.foo.com). Users public key is stored for future validation against bar.foo.com User goes to bar.foo.com and see's a validated SSL connection. From what I gather, this means that I need to create a CA, which is fine. The problem is that from what I recall, a CA needs a special sort of SSL Cert. How do I go about getting this?

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