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  • Dynamic stack allocation in C++

    - by Poni
    I want to allocate memory on the stack. Heard of _alloca / alloca and I understand that these are compiler-specific stuff, which I don't like. So, I came-up with my own solution (which might have it's own flaws) and I want you to review/improve it so for once and for all we'll have this code working: /*#define allocate_on_stack(pointer, size) \ __asm \ { \ mov [pointer], esp; \ sub esp, [size]; \ }*/ /*#define deallocate_from_stack(size) \ __asm \ { \ add esp, [size]; \ }*/ void test() { int buff_size = 4 * 2; char *buff = 0; __asm { // allocate mov [buff], esp; sub esp, [buff_size]; } // playing with the stack-allocated memory for(int i = 0; i < buff_size; i++) buff[i] = 0x11; __asm { // deallocate add esp, [buff_size]; } } void main() { __asm int 3h; test(); } Compiled with VC9. What flaws do you see in it? Me for example, not sure that subtracting from ESP is the solution for "any kind of CPU". Also, I'd like to make the commented-out macros work but for some reason I can't.

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  • NSUserDefaults: Saved Number Always 0, iPhone

    - by Stumf
    Hello all, I have looked at other answers and the docs. Maybe I am missing something, or maybe I have another issue. I am trying to save a number on exiting the app, and then when the app is loaded I want to check if this value exists and take action accordingly. This is what I have tried: To save on exiting: - (void)applicationWillTerminate: (UIApplication *) application { double save = [label.text doubleValue]; [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setDouble: save forKey: @"savedNumber"]; [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize]; } To check: - (IBAction)buttonclickSkip{ double save = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] doubleForKey: @"savedNumber"]; if (save == 0) { [self performSelector:@selector(displayAlert) withObject:nil]; test.enabled = YES; test.alpha = 1.0; skip.enabled = NO; skip.alpha = 0.0; } else { label.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.1f %%", save]; } } The problem is I always get my alert message displayed, the saved value is not put into the label so somehow == 0 is always true. If it makes any difference I am testing this on the iPhone simulator. Many thanks, Stu

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  • How to determine values saved on the stack?

    - by Brian
    I'm doing some experimenting and would like to be able to see what is saved on the stack during a system call (the saved state of the user land process). According to http://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v2.6.30.1/arch/x86/kernel/entry_32.S it shows that the various values of registers are saved at those particular offsets to the stack pointer. Here is the code I have been trying to use to examine what is saved on the stack (this is in a custom system call I have created): asm("movl 0x1C(%esp), %ecx"); asm("movl %%ecx, %0" : "=r" (value)); where value is an unsigned long. As of right now, this value is not what is expected (it is showing a 0 is saved for the user value of ds). Am I correctly accessing the offset of the stack pointer? Another possibility might be could I use a debugger such as GDB to examine the stack contents while in the kernel? I don't have much extensive use with debugging and am not sure of how to debug code inside the kernel. Any help is much appreciated.

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  • Extending the .NET type system so the compiler enforces semantic meaning of primitive values in cert

    - by Drew Noakes
    I'm working with geometry a bit at the moment and am converting a lot between degrees and radians. Unfortunately, both of these are represented by double, so there's compile time warning/error if I try to pass a value in degrees where radians are expected. I believe F# has a compile-time solution for this (called units of measure.) I'd like to do something similar in C#. As another example, imagine a SQL library that accepts various query parameters as strings. It'd be good to have a way of enforcing that only clean strings were allowed to be passed in at runtime, and the only way to get a clean string was to pass through some SQL injection attack preventing logic. The obvious solution is to wrap the double/string/whatever in a new type to give it the type information the compiler needs. I'm curious if anyone has an alternative solution. If you do think wrapping is the only/best way, then please go into some of the downsides of the pattern (and any upsides I haven't mentioned too.) I'm especially concerned about the performance of abstracted primitive numeric types on my calculations at runtime.

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  • c++ function scope

    - by Myx
    I have a main function in A.cpp which has the following relevant two lines of code: B definition(input_file); definition.Print(); In B.h I have the following relevant lines of code: class B { public: // Constructors B(void); B(const char *filename); ~B(void); // File input int ParseLSFile(const char *filename); // Debugging void Print(void); // Data int var1; double var2; vector<char* > var3; map<char*, vector<char* > > var4; } In B.cpp, I have the following function signatures (sorry for being redundant): B::B(void) : var1(-1), var2(numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) { } B::B(const char *filename) { B *def = new B(); def->ParseLSFile(filename); } B::~B(void) { // Free memory for var3 and var 4 } int B::ParseLSFile(const char *filename) { // assign var1, var2, var3, and var4 values } void B::Print(void) { // print contents of var1, var2, var3, and var4 to stdout } So when I call Print() from within B::ParseLSFile(...), then the contents of my structures print correctly to stdout. However, when I call definition.Print() from A.cpp, my structures are empty or contain garbage. Can anyone recommend the correct way to initialize/pass my structures so that I can access them outside of the scope of my function definition? Thanks.

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  • Something confusing about FormsOf (Sql server Full-Text searching)

    - by AspOnMyNet
    hi I'm using Sql Server 2008 1) A given <simple_term> within a <generation_term> will not match both nouns and verbs. If I understand the above text correctly, then query SELECT * FROM someTable WHERE CONTAINS ( *, ' FORMSOF ( INFLECTIONAL, park ) ' ) should search for either nouns or verbs derived from the root word “park”, but not for both? Thus out of the two rows, one containing noun parks and other verb parking, the above query should return just one of the two rows? But as it turns out, query returns both rows, so are perhaps my assumptions a bit off or is the above quote wrong?! 2) From Msdn: If freetext_string is enclosed in double quotation marks, a phrase match is instead performed; stemming and thesaurus are not performed. According to the above quote the following query shouldn’t return rows containing strings surfing ( due to query not performing stemming ), surf ( due to query performing phrase matching and not individual word matching ) and surfing with suzy’s sister ( due to query not performing stemming and due to query performing phrase matching and not word matching ), but it does. Thus, it appears that even when *freetext_string* is enclosed in double quotation marks, stemming is still preformed, while phrase matching is not: SELECT * FROM someTable WHERE FREETEXT( *, ' "surf sister" ' ) So is the above quote wrong or...? thanx

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  • Equivalent to window.setTimeout() for C++

    - by bobobobo
    In javascript there's this sweet, sweet function window.setTimeout( func, 1000 ) ; which will asynchronously invoke func after 1000 ms. I want to do something similar in C++ (without multithreading), so I put together a sample loop like: #include <stdio.h> struct Callback { // The _time_ this function will be executed. double execTime ; // The function to execute after execTime has passed void* func ; } ; // Sample function to execute void go() { puts( "GO" ) ; } // Global program-wide sense of time double time ; int main() { // start the timer time = 0 ; // Make a sample callback Callback c1 ; c1.execTime = 10000 ; c1.func = go ; while( 1 ) { // its time to execute it if( time c1.execTime ) { c1.func ; // !! doesn't work! } time++; } } How can I make something like this work?

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  • Help with GetGlyphOutline function(WinAPI)

    - by user146780
    I want to use this function to get contours and within these contours, I want to get cubic bezier. I think I have to call it with GGO_BEZIER. What puzzles me is how the return buffer works. "A glyph outline is returned as a series of one or more contours defined by a TTPOLYGONHEADER structure followed by one or more curves. Each curve in the contour is defined by a TTPOLYCURVE structure followed by a number of POINTFX data points. POINTFX points are absolute positions, not relative moves. The starting point of a contour is given by the pfxStart member of the TTPOLYGONHEADER structure. The starting point of each curve is the last point of the previous curve or the starting point of the contour. The count of data points in a curve is stored in the cpfx member of TTPOLYCURVE structure. The size of each contour in the buffer, in bytes, is stored in the cb member of TTPOLYGONHEADER structure. Additional curve definitions are packed into the buffer following preceding curves and additional contours are packed into the buffer following preceding contours. The buffer contains as many contours as fit within the buffer returned by GetGlyphOutline." I'm really not sure how to access the contours. I know that I can change a pointer another type of pointer but i'm not sure how I go about getting the contours based on this documentation. Thanks

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  • Test Driven Development with C++: How to test a class which depends on other classes?

    - by Nikhil
    Suppose I have a class A which depends on 3 other classes X, Y and Z, either A uses these through a reference or a pointer or say A is templated to be instantiated with X, Y and Z doesn't matter, the key is that in order to test A, I need to have X, Y and Z. So I need to have fakes for A, B and C. Suppose I write them. Now, how do I swap real and fake objects easily? I can see that this works very easily in the case of templates. In order to make it work when A depends on X, Y and Z through a reference or a pointer, I would need to have a base class say X_Interface from which I can inherit X_Real and X_Fake. So basically, I would end up in having 3 times the number of classes for every class that would need to have a fake. I am most likely missing something. There has to be a simpler way to do this. Having a base class X_Interface is also quite expensive as I will be using more space and making virtual calls. I guess I could use CRTP as I know whether its a X_Real or X_Fake at compile time but still there must be a better way.

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  • Function pointers in Objective-C

    - by Stefan Klumpp
    I have the following scenario: Class_A - method_U - method_V - method_X - method_Y Class_B - method_M - method_N HttpClass - startRequest - didReceiveResponse // is a callback Now I want to realize these three flows (actually there are many more, but these are enough to demonstrate my question): Class_A :: method_X -> HttpClass :: startRequest:params -> ... wait, wait, wait ... -> HttpClass :: didReceiveResponse -> Class_A :: method_Y:result and: Class_A :: method_U -> HttpClass :: startRequest:params -> ... wait, wait, wait ... -> HttpClass :: didReceiveResponse -> Class_A :: method_V:result and the last one: Class_B :: method_M -> HttpClass :: startRequest:params -> ... wait, wait, wait ... -> HttpClass :: didReceiveResponse -> Class_B :: method_N:result Please note, that the methods in Class_A and Class_B have different names and functionality, they just make us of the same HttpClass. My solution now would be to pass a C function pointer to startRequest, store it in the HttpClass and when didReceiveResponse gets called I invoke the function pointer and pass the result (which will always be a JSON Dictionary). Now I'm wondering if there can be any problems using plain C or if there are better solutions doing it in a more Objective-C way. Any ideas?

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  • Immutable classes in C++

    - by ereOn
    Hi, In one of my projects, I have some classes that represent entities that cannot change once created, aka. immutable classes. Example : A class RSAKey that represent a RSA key which only has const methods. There is no point changing the existing instance: if you need another one, you just create one. My objects sometimes are heavy and I enforced the use of smart pointers to avoid copy. So far, I have the following pattern for my classes: class RSAKey : public boost::noncopyable, public boost::enable_shared_from_this<RSAKey> { public: /** * \brief Some factory. * \param member A member value. * \return An instance. */ static boost::shared_ptr<const RSAKey> createFromMember(int member); /** * \brief Get a member. * \return The member. */ int getMember() const; private: /** * \brief Constructor. * \param member A member. */ RSAKey(int member); /** * \brief Member. */ const int m_member; }; So you can only get a pointer (well, a smart pointer) to a const RSAKey. To me, it makes sense, because having a non-const reference to the instance is useless (it only has const methods). Do you guys see any issue regarding this pattern ? Are immutable classes something common in C++ or did I just created a monster ? Thank you for your advices !

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  • How to give a textbox a fixed width of 17,5 cm?

    - by Natrium
    I have an application with a textbox, and the width of the textbox on the screen must always be 17,5 centimeters on the screen of the user. This is what I tried so far: const double centimeter = 17.5; // the width I need const double inches = centimeter * 0.393700787; // convert centimeter to inches float dpi = GetDpiX(); // get the dpi. 96 in my case. var pixels = dpi*inches; // this should give me the amount of pixels textbox1.Width = Convert.ToInt32(pixels); // set it. Done. private float GetDpiX() { floar returnValue; Graphics graphics = CreateGraphics(); returnValue = graphics.DpiX; graphics.Dispose(); // don’t forget to release the unnecessary resources return returnValue; } But this gives me different sizes with different resolutions. It gives me 13 cm with 1680 x 1050 and 19,5 cm with 1024 x 768. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Python raw strings and trailing back slashes.

    - by dash-tom-bang
    I ran across something once upon a time and wondered if it was a Python "bug" or at least a misfeature. I'm curious if anyone knows of any justifications for this behavior. I thought of it just now reading "Code Like a Pythonista," which has been enjoyable so far. I'm only familiar with the 2.x line of Python. Raw strings are strings that are prefixed with an r. This is great because I can use backslashes in regular expressions and I don't need to double everything everywhere. It's also handy for writing throwaway scripts on Windows, so I can use backslashes there also. (I know I can also use forward slashes, but throwaway scripts often contain content cut&pasted from elsewhere in Windows.) So great! Unless, of course, you really want your string to end with a backslash. There's no way to do that in a 'raw' string. In [9]: r'\n' Out[9]: '\\n' In [10]: r'abc\n' Out[10]: 'abc\\n' In [11]: r'abc\' ------------------------------------------------ File "<ipython console>", line 1 r'abc\' ^ SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal In [12]: r'abc\\' Out[12]: 'abc\\\\' So one slash before the closing quote is an error, but two slashes gives you two slashes! Certainly I'm not the only one that is bothered by this? Thoughts on why 'raw' strings are 'raw, except for slash-quote'? I mean, if I wanted to embed a single quote in there I'd just use double quotes around the string, and vice versa. If I wanted both, I'd just triple quote. If I really wanted three quotes in a row in a raw string, well, I guess I'd have to deal, but is this considered "proper behavior"?

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  • How to create a "Shell IDList Array" to support drag-and-drop of virtual files from C# to Windows Ex

    - by JustABill
    I started trying to implement drag-and-drop of virtual files (from a C# 4/WPF app) with this codeplex tutorial. After spending some time trying to figure out a DV_E_FORMATETC error, I figured out I need to support the "Shell IDList Array" data format. But there seems to be next to zero documentation on what this format actually does. After some searching, I found this page on advanced data transfer which said that a Shell IDList Array was a pointer to a CIDA structure. This CIDA structure then contains the number of PIDLs, and a list of offsets to them. So what the hell is a PIDL? After some more searching, this page sort of implies it's a pointer to an ITEMIDLIST, which itself contains a single member that is a list of SHITEMIDs. My next idea was to try dragging a file from another application with virtual files. I just got a MemoryStream back for this format. At least I know what class to provide for the thing, but that doesn't help at all for explaining what to put in it. So now that that's explained, I still have no idea how to create one of these things so that it's valid. There's two real questions here: What is a valid "abID" member for a SHITEMID? These virtual files only exist with my program; will the thing they are dragged to pass the "abID" back later when it executes GetData? Do they have to be system-unique? Why are there two levels of lists; a list of PIDLs and each PIDL has a list of SHITEMIDs? I'm assuming one of them is one for each file, but what's the other one for? Multiple IDs for the same file? Any help or even links that explain what I should be doing would be greatly appreciated.

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  • C# delegate or Func for 'all methods'?

    - by Michel
    Hi, i've read something about Func's and delegates and that they can help you to pass a method as a parameter. Now i have a cachingservice, and it has this declaration: public static void AddToCache<T>(T model, double millisecs, string cacheId) where T : class public static T GetFromCache<T>(string cacheId) where T : class So in a place where i want to cache some data, i check if it exists in the cache (with GetFromCache) and if not, get the data from somewhere, and the add it to the cache (with AddToCache) Now i want to extend the AddToCache method with a parameter, which is the class+method to call to get the data Then the declaration would be like this public static void AddToCache<T>(T model, double millisecs, string cacheId, Func/Delegate methode) where T : class Then this method could check wether the cache has data or not, and if not, get the data itself via the method it got provided. Then in the calling code i could say: AddToCache<Person>(p, 10000, "Person", new PersonService().GetPersonById(1)); AddToCache<Advert>(a, 100000, "Advert", new AdvertService().GetAdverts(3)); What i want to achieve is that the 'if cache is empty get data and add to cache' logic is placed on only one place. I hope this makes sense :) Oh, by the way, the question is: is this possible?

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  • Py_INCREF/DECREF: When

    - by Izz ad-Din Ruhulessin
    Is one correct in stating the following: If a Python object is created in a C function, but the function doesn't return it, no INCREF is needed, but a DECREF is. [false]If the function does return it, you do need to INCREF, in the function that receives the return value.[/false] When assigning C typed variables as attributes, like double, int etc., to the Python object, no INCREF or DECREF is needed. Assigning Python objects as attributes to your other Python objects goes like this: PyObject *foo; foo = bar // A Python object tmp = self->foo; Py_INCREF(foo); self->foo = foo; Py_XDECREF(tmp); //taken from the manual, but it is unclear if this works in every situation EDIT: -- can I safely use this in every situation? (haven't run into one where it caused me problems) dealloc of a Python object needs to DECREF for every other Python object that it has as an attribute, but not for attributes that are C types. Edit With 'C type as an attribute I mean bar and baz: typedef struct { PyObject_HEAD PyObject *foo; int bar; double baz; } FooBarBaz;

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  • How do calculators work with precision?

    - by zoul
    Hello! I wonder how calculators work with precision. For example the value of sin(M_PI) is not exactly zero when computed in double precision: #include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> int main() { double x = sin(M_PI); printf("%.20f\n", x); // 0.00000000000000012246 return 0; } Now I would certainly want to print zero when user enters sin(p). I can easily round somewhere on 1e–15 to make this particular case work, but that’s a hack, not a solution. When I start to round like this and the user enters something like 1e–20, they get a zero back (because of the rounding). The same thing happens when the user enters 1/10 and hits the = key repeatedly — when he reaches the rounding treshold, he gets zero. And yet some calculators return plain zero for sin(p) and at the same time they can work with expressions such as (1e–20)/10 comfortably. Where’s the trick?

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  • How do I best do balanced quoting with Perl's Regexp::Grammars?

    - by Evan Carroll
    Using Damian Conway's Regexp::Grammars, I'm trying to match different balanced quoting ('foo', "foo", but not 'foo") mechanisms -- such as parens, quotes, double quotes, and double dollars. This is the code I'm currently using. <token: pair> \'<literal>\'|\"<literal>\"|\$\$<literal>\$\$ <token: literal> [\S]+ This generally works fine and allows me to say something like: <rule: quote> QUOTE <.as>? <pair> My question is how do I reform the output, to exclude the needles notation for the pair token? { '' => 'QUOTE AS \',\'', 'quote' => { '' => 'QUOTE AS \',\'', 'pair' => { 'literal' => ',', '' => '\',\'' } } }, Here, there is obviously no desire to have pair in between, quote, and the literal value of it. Is there a better way to match 'foo', "foo", and $$foo$$, and maybe sometimes ( foo ) without each time creating a needless pair token? Can I preprocess-out that token or fold it into the above? Or, write a better construct entirely that eliminates the need for it?

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  • How to read data from file(.dat) in append mode

    - by govardhan
    We have an application which requires us to read data from a file (.dat) dynamically using deserialization. We are actually getting first object and it throws null pointer exception and "java.io.StreamCorruptedException:invalid type code:AC" when we are accessing other objects using a "for" loop. File file=null; FileOutputStream fos=null; BufferedOutputStream bos=null; ObjectOutputStream oos=null; try{ file=new File("account4.dat"); fos=new FileOutputStream(file,true); bos=new BufferedOutputStream(fos); oos=new ObjectOutputStream(bos); oos.writeObject(m); System.out.println("object serialized"); amlist=new MemberAccountList(); oos.close(); } catch(Exception ex){ ex.printStackTrace(); } Reading objects: try{ MemberAccount m1; file=new File("account4.dat");//add your code here fis=new FileInputStream(file); bis=new BufferedInputStream(fis); ois=new ObjectInputStream(bis); System.out.println(ois.readObject()); **while(ois.readObject()!=null){ m1=(MemberAccount)ois.readObject(); System.out.println(m1.toString()); }/*mList.addElement(m1);** // Here we have the issue throwing null pointer exception Enumeration elist=mList.elements(); while(elist.hasMoreElements()){ obj=elist.nextElement(); System.out.println(obj.toString()); }*/ } catch(ClassNotFoundException e){ } catch(EOFException e){ System.out.println("end"); } catch(Exception ex){ ex.printStackTrace(); }

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  • C/C++: feedback in analyzing a code example

    - by KaiserJohaan
    Hello, I have a piece of code from an assignment I am uncertain about. I feel confident that I know the answer, but I just want to double-check with the community incase there's something I forgot. The title is basically secure coding and the question is just to explain the results. int main() { unsigned int i = 1; unsigned int c = 1; while (i > 0) { i = i*2; c++; } printf("%d\n", c); return 0; } My reasoning is this: At first glance you could imagine the code would run forever, considering it's initialized to a positive value and ever increasing. This of course is wrong because eventually the value will grow so large it will cause an integer overflow. This in turn is not entirely true either, because eventally it will force the variable 'i' to be signed by making the last bit to 1 and therefore regarded as a negative number, therefore terminating the loop. So it is not writing to unallocated memory and therefore cause integer overflow, but rather violating the data type and therefore causing the loop to terminate. I am quite sure this is the reason, but I just want to double check. Any opinions?

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  • template specialization of a auto_ptr<T>

    - by Chris Kaminski
    Maybe I'm overcomplicating things, but then again, I do sort of like clean interfaces. Let's say I want a specialization of auto_ptr for an fstream - I want a default fstream for the generic case, but allow a replacement pointer? tempate <> class auto_ptr<fstream> static fstream myfStream; fstream* ptr; public: auto_ptr() { // set ptr to &myfStream; } reset(fstream* newPtr) { // free old ptr if not the static one. ptr = newPtr }; } Would you consider something different or more elegant? And how would you keep something like the above from propagating outside this particular compilation unit? [The actual template is a boost::scoped_ptr.] EDIT: It's a contrived example. Ignore the fstream - it's about providing a default instance of object for an auto_ptr. I may not want to provide a specialized instance, but would like to keep the auto_ptr semantics for this static default object. class UserClass { public: auto_ptr<fstream> ptr; UserClass() { } } I may not provide an dynamic object at construction time - I still want it to have a meaningful default. Since I'm not looking at ownership-transfer semantics, it really shouldn't matter that my pointer class is pointing to a statically allocated object, no?

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  • How do I rewrite a for loop with a shared dependency using actors

    - by Thomas Rynne
    We have some code which needs to run faster. Its already profiled so we would like to make use of multiple threads. Usually I would setup an in memory queue, and have a number of threads taking jobs of the queue and calculating the results. For the shared data I would use a ConcurrentHashMap or similar. I don't really want to go down that route again. From what I have read using actors will result in cleaner code and if I use akka migrating to more than 1 jvm should be easier. Is that true? However, I don't know how to think in actors so I am not sure where to start. To give a better idea of the problem here is some sample code: case class Trade(price:Double, volume:Int, stock:String) { def value(priceCalculator:PriceCalculator) = (priceCalculator.priceFor(stock)-> price)*volume } class PriceCalculator { def priceFor(stock:String) = { Thread.sleep(20)//a slow operation which can be cached 50.0 } } object ValueTrades { def valueAll(trades:List[Trade], priceCalculator:PriceCalculator):List[(Trade,Double)] = { trades.map { trade => (trade,trade.value(priceCalculator)) } } def main(args:Array[String]) { val trades = List( Trade(30.5, 10, "Foo"), Trade(30.5, 20, "Foo") //usually much longer ) val priceCalculator = new PriceCalculator val values = valueAll(trades, priceCalculator) } } I'd appreciate it if someone with experience using actors could suggest how this would map on to actors.

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  • [Ruby] Object assignment and pointers

    - by Jergason
    I am a little confused about object assignment and pointers in Ruby, and coded up this snippet to test my assumptions. class Foo attr_accessor :one, :two def initialize(one, two) @one = one @two = two end end bar = Foo.new(1, 2) beans = bar puts bar puts beans beans.one = 2 puts bar puts beans puts beans.one puts bar.one I had assumed that when I assigned bar to beans, it would create a copy of the object, and modifying one would not affect the other. Alas, the output shows otherwise. ^_^[jergason:~]$ ruby test.rb #<Foo:0x100155c60> #<Foo:0x100155c60> #<Foo:0x100155c60> #<Foo:0x100155c60> 2 2 I believe that the numbers have something to do with the address of the object, and they are the same for both beans and bar, and when I modify beans, bar gets changed as well, which is not what I had expected. It appears that I am only creating a pointer to the object, not a copy of it. What do I need to do to copy the object on assignment, instead of creating a pointer? Tests with the Array class shows some strange behavior as well. foo = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5] baz = foo puts "foo is #{foo}" puts "baz is #{baz}" foo.pop puts "foo is #{foo}" puts "baz is #{baz}" foo += ["a hill of beans is a wonderful thing"] puts "foo is #{foo}" puts "baz is #{baz}" This produces the following wonky output: foo is 012345 baz is 012345 foo is 01234 baz is 01234 foo is 01234a hill of beans is a wonderful thing baz is 01234 This blows my mind. Calling pop on foo affects baz as well, so it isn't a copy, but concatenating something onto foo only affects foo, and not baz. So when am I dealing with the original object, and when am I dealing with a copy? In my own classes, how can I make sure that assignment copies, and doesn't make pointers? Help this confused guy out.

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  • while loop in c#

    - by Nave Tseva
    I have this code: using System; namespace _121119_zionAVGfilter { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int cnt = 0, zion, sum = 0; double avg; Console.Write("Enter first zion \n"); zion = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); while (zion != -1) { while (zion < -1 || zion > 100) { Console.Write("zion can be between 0 to 100 only! \nyou can rewrite the zion here, or Press -1 to see the avg\n"); zion = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); } cnt++; sum = sum + zion; Console.Write("Enter next zion, if you want to exit tap -1 \n"); zion = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); if (cnt != 0){} } if (cnt == 0) { Console.WriteLine("something doesn't make sence"); } else { avg = (double)sum / cnt; Console.Write("the AVG is {0}", avg); } Console.ReadLine(); } } } The problem here is that if in the beginning I enter a negative or bigger than hundred number, I will get this message: "zion can be between 0 to 100 only! \nyou can rewrite the zion here, or Press -1 to see the avg\n". If I then meenter -1, this what that shows up instead of the AVG: "Enter next zion, if you want to exit tap -1 \n." How can I solve this problem so when the number is negative or bigger than hundred and than tap -1 I will see the AVG an not another message?

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  • NSTableView selection & highlights

    - by Christian
    I have a NSTableView as a very central part of my Application and want it to integrate more with the rest of it. It has only one column (it's a list) and I draw all Cells (normal NSTextFieldCells) myself. The first problem is the highlighting. I draw the highlight myself and want to get rid of the blue background. I now fill the whole cell with the original background color to hide the blue background, but this looks bad when dragging the cell around. I tried overriding highlight:withFrame:inView: and highlightColorWithFrame:inView: of NSCell but nothing happened. How can I disable automatic highlighting? I also want all rows/cells to be deselected when I click somewhere outside my NSTableView. Since the background / highlight of the selected cell turns gray there must be an event for this, but I can't find it. I let my cells expand on a double click and may need to undo this. So getting rid of the gray highlight is not enough. EDIT: I add a subview to the NSTableView when a cell gets double clicked and then resignFirstResponder of the NSTableView gets called. I tried this: - (BOOL)resignFirstResponder { if (![[self subviews] containsObject:[[self window] firstResponder]]) { [self deselectAll:self]; ... } return YES; } Besides that it's not working I would need to implement this method for all objects in the view hierarchy. Is there an other solution to find out when the first responder leaves a certain view hierarchy?

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