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• 2 Servers setup for redundency, backup

  - by minal

  I presently have 1 dedicated virtual server running my website/blog/mail, etc. This is on Hyper-V with 512MB RAM. Windows Web2008. With the VM, I have these running within it: SmarterMail – for emails MS DNS – I have my own nameservers on this server SQL Express IIS7 2 IP Address I have now leased 2 physical servers : P4 2.6Ghz 1GB RAM 80GB HDD. With these new servers, I get 2 IPs per server as well. These are running Windows 2008 Standard. With the VM the HDD was obviously on a RAID setup so I was not worried about hardware issues as it fell on the provider to manage. However, with the new servers the HDD is not RAID’d, hence my concern is that if it fails I need a backup position. What would be the most ideal setup to go for? I am thinking: Server 1: (Web/PrimaryDNS) DNS – NS1 SQL Express – OFF turn on when required, ie. Server2 is down SmarterMail – OFF turn on when required, ie. Server2 is down IIS 7 Server2:(SQL/Backup) DNS – NS2 SQL Web Edition SmarterMail IIS 7 How can I set it up so that if 1 goes down I can have everything on 2 instantly or by manual switching over. I am confused as other DNS servers will cache the web servers IP address for requests, and if that server goes down, the backup server will have a different IP. How do I make this work? I will be doing routine backups, in which case I will keep copies of backups on both servers. If I am copying the same stuff on both servers like a mirror then I am losing on using the true performance out of it. It's like 1 server is always on standby. Ideally I want SQL and web on 2 diff machines for best performance. If Server1 goes down, I should be able to switch to Server2 fairly easily. I don't have a problem with manual intervention to start the sql/mail services, etc. In terms of scalabilty, the VM has coped pretty well to date. Moving forward the SQL and IIS workload is going to double pretty quickly. Some ideas would be great.

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• Windows 7 playback of dvr-Microsoft files stutters

  - by Jim Lynn

  I've just had to install Windows 7 on my Media Center machine because my Vista installation had a faulty drive. I've got the latest drivers that I can find - Intel 945GM integrated Graphics, Realtek audio drivers. Things are working OK with one exception. Playback of old recordings, from dvr-Microsoft format files, is choppy. The picture freezes for a fraction of a second, then quickly catches up. The sound is uninterrupted and doesn't pause. These freezes happen once every 5 seconds or so. It's very regular. Playback of Live TV from the digital tuner is perfectly smooth. DVD playback is perfectly smooth. As an experiment, I used the MPEG editing package VideoReDo to create a small test file in three different formats. This program takes the raw MPEG streams and repackages them into the desired container. I took the same clip and created three files in three formats: dvr-Microsoft (Microsoft's old recorded TV format); mpg (standard MPEG); and ts (raw MPEG transport stream of the kind often produced by PVRs). When these three files are played back under Windows 7, the mpg and ts files play smoothly, but the dvr-Microsoft file stutters. The last piece of data I have is that two other Windows 7 machines can play back dvr-Microsoft files smoothly with no stuttering. One is a netbook, with less grunt than the media centre. So there must be something specific about my Media Center machine that's causing the problem. Does anyone have any idea where I can look now? I don't know much about AV software, codecs, filter graphs etc. but I suspect that's where the problem lies. Rendering the video isn't the problem, but extracting the streams is. How would I go about diagnosing the problem? Edited to add: I just used the GraphStudio tool to look at the filter graph on the offending PC. The filter graph it uses by default for dvr-Microsoft looks identical to the other machines, and, interestingly, when I play the files using GraphStudio they run smoothly. Under Windows Media Player and Windows Media Center they stutter. I'd like to see the filter graph for Windows Media Player but GraphStudio won't show it. It looks like Windows Media Player and WMC are using a different decoding path to GraphStudio. Edited again to add: Today I purchased a new HDTV. The same Media Center driving the TV at 1080p is now playing back the old Recorded TV files smoothly, without stuttering. So whatever the cause of the original problem, using a different resolution seems to have removed the problem. It might also explain why nobody else has had this problem. I doubt many people use Media Centre with a 14in portable TV.

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• Custom initrd init script: how to create /dev/initctl

  - by Posco Grubb

  I have a virtual machine (VMM is Xen 3.3) equipped with two IDE HDD's (/dev/hda and /dev/hdb). The root file system is in /dev/hda1, where Scientific Linux 5.4 is installed. /dev/hdb contains an empty ext2 file system. I want to protect the root file system from writes by the VM by using aufs (AnotherUnionFS) to layer a writable file system on top of the root file system. The changes to / will be written to the file system located on /dev/hdb. (Furthermore, outside the VM, the file backing the /dev/hda will also be set to read-only permissions, so the VMM should also prevent the VM from modifying at that level.) (The purpose of this setup: be able to corrupt a virtual machine using software-implemented fault injection but preserve the file system image in order to quickly reboot the VM to a fault-free state.) How do I get an initrd init script to do the necessary mounts to create the union file system? I've tried 2 approaches: I've tried modifying the nash script that mkinitrd creates, but I don't know what setuproot and switchroot do and how to make them use my aufs as the new root. Apparently, nobody else here knows either. (EDIT: I take that back.) I've tried building a LiveCD (using linux-live-6.3.0) and then modifying the Bash /linuxrc script from the generated initrd, and I got the mounts correct, but the final /sbin/init complains about /dev/initctl. Specifically, my /linuxrc mounts the aufs at /union. The last few lines of /linuxrc effectively do the following: cd /union mkdir -p mnt/live pivot_root . mnt/live exec sbin/chroot . sbin/init </dev/console >/dev/console 2>&1 When init starts, it outputs something like init: /dev/initctl: No such file or directory. What is supposed to create this FIFO? I found no such filename in the original linuxrc and liblinuxlive scripts. I tried creating it via "mkfifo /dev/initctl", but then init complained about a timeout opening or writing to the FIFO. Would appreciate any help or pointers. Thanks.

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• What "pieces" are needed in order to set up a cluster of physical servers?

  - by Chris Dutrow

  Background: Currently, we use Rackspace cloud servers. We have no intention to stop using them, but would like to look into setting up a cluster of physical servers (probably desktop computers in the $400 range with 8gb memory each) to offset some of our load and work as a secondary, more powerful, less reliable system. To put things in perspective, we can buy comparable desktop computers for the same price as we pay in one month to rent them on Rackspace Cloud. I understand that this is generally a dumb idea. However, in this particular instance, the server cluster is needed for its computation power. It is not mission-critical, it does not host a consumer-facing website, and if it goes down for a day or two, its not really a problem. Currently, we have access to business class verizon fios. If I understand correctly, we can get at least 25 dedicated IP addresses with this service, this should be enough. Requirements: Each server runs Linux Centos 6.3 Some of the servers run Python and execute processes from a task queue (Redis or RabbitMQ) Some of the servers are capable of serving static files and Python driven REST APIs Some of the servers host a Cassandra database cluster One or more of the servers are a Redis database servers One or more of the servers are PostgreSQL servers Questions: What kind of router or switch is needed? We would like the computers to be able to communicate effectively with each other via internal IP addresses. This is especially important for communicating with servers hosting Redis that need to be able to respond to requests very quickly. Are there special switches or routers that need to be used to connect the servers together? Are Desktop computers ok for this? We have found that we are mostly RAM-bottle necked, I understand that some servers have highly superior CPUs, but I'm not sure we need CPU power as much as we need RAM, which is cheap in Desktop computers. Will we have problems with the WIFI cards in the desktops or any other unexpected hardware limitation? What tools should be used to "image" the servers. For example, when we get an installation right for a Redis server or Cassandra node, are there tools that come with Linux Centos 6.3 to image the server to a USB drive or something like that? Or do we need to use some other software for this? What other things are we missing that we should be concerned about? Thanks so much!

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• Windows 7 fails to install on KVM with qemu

  - by kief_morris

  I'm trying to install Windows 7 on a virtual machine on my 64 bit Ubuntu Karmic box. I get to the point of selecting my language settings and clicking 'install now', but a short while later I get a blue screen of death. I've tried a few variations, including using the 32 bit (fails very quickly). The virt-install command I've tried includes this: sudo virt-install --connect qemu:///system -n ksm-win7 -r 2048 \ --disk path=/home/kief/VM-Images/ksm-win7.qcow2,size=50 \ -c /var/Software/Windows7/Full/64bit/SW_DVD5_SA_Win_Ent_7_64BIT_English_Full_MLF_X15-70749.ISO \ --vnc --os-type windows --os-variant vista --hvm The limited info I could find suggested that 'vista' should work as the --os-variant, I haven't found any values specific to windows 7. Here's my blue screen: I've found very little by Googling, so I'm guessing this isn't a case of KVM simply not supporting Windows 7. Thanks for any help. Update: I have been able to successfully create a Windows 7 VM using the graphical "Virtual Machine Manager" app, although I don't really understand the cause of the problem with the VM created with virt-install. Comparing the configuration files under /etc/libvirt/qemu provides some clues, although I don't know enough to interpret them properly. The interesting differences in the two VM configurations are: --- win7-virt-install.xml +++ win7-vmm.xml -<domain type='qemu'> +<domain type='kvm'> @@ -21 +21 @@ - <emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64</emulator> + <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator> @@ -23 +23 @@ - <source file='/home/kief/VM-Images/ksm-win7.qcow2'/> + <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/ksm-win7x64.img'/> I'm not sure if this means the working VM is not using qemu at all, or if there is some other difference in the way it's used with kvm. Update2: So I've answered my own question (mostly) below. A KVM VM needs to use KVM's own CPU emulation rather than qemu's in order for me to get Windows 7 installed. I'm not sure whether there is something that can be done to get it working on a qemu-emulation CPU, or whether a newer version will support it. But at least it is possible to get it running on a KVM VM.

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• WinXP - Having trouble sharing internet with 3G USB modem via ICS

  - by Carlos Nunez

  all! I've been banging my head against a wall with this issue for a few days now and am hoping someone can help out. I recently signed up for T-Mobile's webConnect 3G/4G service to replace the faltering (and slow) DSL connection in my apartment. The goal was to put the SIM in one of my old phones and use its built-in WLAN tethering feature to share Internet out to rest of my computers. I quickly found out that webConnect-provisioned SIMs do not work with regular smartphones, so I was forced to either buy a 4G-compatible router or tether one of my old laptops to my wireless router and share out that way. I chose the latter, and it's sharpening my inner masochistic self by the day. Here's the setup: GSM USB modem (via hub), ICS host - 10/100 Mbps Ethernet NIC, ICS "guest" - WAN port of my SMC WGBR14N wireless router in bridged mode (i.e. wireless access point). Ideally, this would make my laptop the DHCP server and internet gateway with the WAP giving everyone wireless coverage. I can browse internet on the host laptop fine. However, when clients try to connect, they get a DHCP-assigned IP from the laptop and are able to use the Internet for a few minutes before completely dying. After that happens, they are able to re-associate with the WAP and get IP addresses, but are unable to use Internet or resolve IP addresses until the laptop and router are restarted. If they do get access, it's very, very slow. After running Wireshark on the host machine, it turns out that this is because every TCP connection keeps getting RST. DNS seems to work. I would normally think the firewall is the culprit here, but when it drops packets, it drops them completely. The fact that TCP connections are being ACK'ed by the destination rules that out. Of course, none of the event Log isn't saying anything about what's going on. I also tried disabling power management on the NIC, since that's caused problems in the past; that didn't help either. I finally disabled receive-side scaling as per a Microsoft KB (that applied to Windows Server 2003, SP2) to no avail. I'm thinking of trying it with a different NIC (will be tough; don't have a spare Ethernet NIC around for the laptop), but I'm getting the impression that this simply doesn't work. Can anyone please advise? I apologise for the length of this post; all contributions are much appreciated! -Carlos.

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• Is real-time or synchronous replication possible over WAN link?

  - by johnnyb10

  The company I work for is looking to implement truly real-time file replication with file locking over a WAN link that spans over 2000 miles. We currently have a 16-drive SAN setup in our east coast office. We also have an office out in Colorado that will have the same exact SAN setup. The idea is to have those two SANs contain the same exact data at all times, which will allow us to work with the same data pool, and which will also provide use with an offsite backup solution, should a failure occur on either end. We're running Server 2008. The objective is to enable users in the east coast office to work on files and have those changes be instantly updated on the Colorado SAN as well. We also need there to be file locking so that there will be no conflicts or overwritten changes if users attempt to work on the same file. Is this scenario even possible, at speeds that would make the files usable? And if so, what software would we need to pull this off? As I understand it, DFS-R does not provide file locking, so if we used that, we would need to go with a third-party product like Peerlock. But I don't even know if DFS-R is an option. Can it replicate quickly enough over a WAN link? Can any product? It seems that if we were to use synchronous replication, the programs would be unacceptably slow, as every write would have to wait for confirmation from the other end of the link. But if we used asynchronous replication, what kind of latency would we be looking at? There is a product from GlobalScape called WAFS that claims to provide "File coherence with real-time file locking, file release, and synchronization" and says that "As files are modified, changes are mirrored instantly using intelligent byte-level differencing to minimize the impact on network bandwidth". So this sounds like synchronous replication, but that doesn't even seem possible, given physical limitations such as the speed of light. If anyone has any experience with this kind of setup, or knows whether it's even possible, I'd appreciate your input and suggestions, including recommendations for software that we should check out.

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• Amusing or Sad? Network Solutions

  - by dbasnett

  When I got sick my email ended up in every drug sellers email list. Some days I get over 200 emails selling everything from Viagra to Xanax. Either they don't know what my condition is or they are telling me you are a goner, might as well chill-ax and have a good time. In order to cut down on the mail being downloaded I thought I would add all of the Junk email senders from Outlook to my Network Solution mail server. Much to my amazement I could not find that import Spammers button, so I submitted a tech support request. Here is the response: Thank you for contacting Network Solutions Customer Service Department. We are committed to creating the best Customer experience possible. One of the first ways we can demonstrate our commitment to this goal is to quickly and efficiently handle your recent request. We apologize for any inconvenience this might have caused you. With regard to your concern, please be advised that we cannot import blocked senders in to you e-mail servers. An alternative option is for you to create a Custom Filter that filters unwanted e-mails. To create a Custom Filter: Open a Web browser (e.g., Netscape, Microsoft Internet Explorer, etc.). Type mail.[domain name].[ext] in the address line. Login to your Network Solutions email account. Click on the Configuration left menu tab. Click on the Custom Filter link. Type the rule name. blah, blah, blah Basically add them one at a time. "We are committed to creating the best Customer experience possible." No you are not. You are trying to squeeze every nickle you can out of me. "With regard to your concern, please be advised that we cannot import blocked senders in to you e-mail servers." Maybe I should apply for a job to write those ten complicated lines of code... Maybe I should question my choice of vendors, because if they truly "cannot" then they are to stupid to have my business. It is both amusing and sad. I'll be posting this in every forum I am a member of.

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• Slow wifi from Windows Server 2003 virtualized in XenServer

  - by John Clayton

  I'm a brand spanking new user of OS X, coming from a lifetime of Windows use. I've been setting up my new Macbook Pro and have run into a very unusual problem. Over wifi, I am unable to copy files to or from my Windows Home Server. The problem seems to exist only over wifi, and only to WHS. Here are the details of my setup: 2010 Macbook Pro (Core i7), OS X 10.6.3 Windows Home Server PP3 (virtualized in XenServer 5.5) Windows 7 Ultimate x64 desktop Windows 7 Ultimate x64 in Boot Camp D-Link DIR-655 wireless N router Here is what I've done to narrow down the problem: Files copy fine from WHS to OS X when using gigabit ethernet Files copy fine from desktop to OS X when using gigabit ethernet Files fail to copy from WHS to OS X when using wifi (error -51) Files copy fine from desktop to OS X when using wifi Files copy fine from WHS to Boot Camp when using wifi Files copy fine from desktop to Boot Camp when using wifi From what I can tell, it seems to be some sort of issue between OS X and WHS, but I can't for the life of me see what would be different between shares on WHS and my desktop. They are both connected using smb://ADDRESS (I've tried both by IP and name). I can browse the shares on the WHS, but copying to OS X fails. I originally found the issue while installing VS2010 off an ISO from WHS, mounted to a Windows 7 VM using VMware Fusion. During the installation the VM was unusable - even the clock got behind the host be about 8 minutes. Once I plugged in the ethernet and disabled the wifi things picked up and finished quickly. The Fusion 3.1 RC is the only I think of that I installed that may have messed with the wifi driver. I've also tried resetting the wifi router, and have changed it from being G & N to N-only. Under Boot Camp I get similar speeds as my wife's N laptop. Any ideas? Thanks! Update: The issue has been further narrowed down to Windows Server 2003, which Windows Home Server is based on, running in XenServer with the XenServer tools installed.

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• Debugging IO limitation

  - by Martin F

  I have a Fedora box with some severe IO limitations which I have no idea how to debug. The server has a Areca Technology Corp. ARC-1130 12-Port PCI-X to SATA RAID Controller with 12 7200 RPM 1.5 TB disks and a Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88E8050 PCI-E ASF Gigabit Ethernet Controller. uname -a output: 2.6.32.11-99.fc12.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Apr 5 19:59:38 UTC 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux The server is a file server running Nginx with the stub status module enabled, so I can see the current amount of connections. The problem present itself when I have a high number of simultaneous connections in a writing state. Usually around 350, at this very moment it's at 590 and the server is almost unusable and stuck at 230mbit/s. If I run stop and hit 1 to see CPU core usages I have all 4 cores with around 99% io wait, if I run iotop the nginx workers are the only processes producing any read load, currently at around 25MB/s. I have each of the workers bound to their own core. Initially I figured it was just the disks being bugged. But I've run fscheck and smartmontools checks and found no errors. I also ran an iozone test which you can see the result of here: http://www.pastie.org/951667.txt?key=fimcvljulnuqy2dcdxa Additionally, when the amount of connections are low I have no problem getting a good speed. If I wget over the local network it easily hits 60MB/sec. Right now I just tried putting a file in /dev/shm, then I symlinked a file from the public dir to it and used wget over the local network and only got 50KB/s. Also, if I try to cp /dev/shm/test /root/test it quickly copies around 740MB and then slows down HEAVILY. Again with iotop reporting 99% iowait. I'm not really sure how to go about figuring out what the problems are. It could be a natural disk limitation but then the file from /dev/shm ought to transfer so it seems there's a network limit, but that's fine when there's not many connections. Perhaps it's a TCP stack problem but I really have no idea how to check that. Any suggestions on how to proceed with debugging would be very welcome. If additional information is required then let me know and I'll try to get it. Thanks.

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• Centos 5.5 [Read-only file system] issue after rebooting

  - by canu johann

  I have a virtual server under centos 5.5 (hosted by a japanese company called sakura ) Since yesterday, connection through ssh couldn't be established. I've contacted support center who told me to restart VS from the control panel. After restarting, I got the message below Connected to domain wwwxxxxxx.sakura.ne.jp Escape character is ^] [ OK ] Setting hostname localhost.localdomain: [ OK ] Setting up Logical Volume Management: No volume groups found [ OK ] Checking filesystems Checking all file systems. [/sbin/fsck.ext4 (1) -- /] fsck.ext4 -a /dev/vda3 / contains a file system with errors, check forced. /: Inodes that were part of a corrupted orphan linked list found. /: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY; RUN fsck MANUALLY. (i.e., without -a or -p options) @@cat: /proc/self/attr/current: Invalid argument Welcome to CentOS Starting udev: @[ OK ] Setting hostname localhost.localdomain: [ OK ] Setting up Logical Volume Management: No volume groups found [ OK ] Checking filesystems Checking all file systems. [/sbin/fsck.ext4 (1) -- /] fsck.ext4 -a /dev/vda3 / contains a file system with errors, check forced. /: Inodes that were part of a corrupted orphan linked list found. /: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY; RUN fsck MANUALLY. (i.e., without -a or -p options) [FAILED] *** An error occurred during the file system check. *** Dropping you to a shell; the system will reboot *** when you leave the shell. *** Warning -- SELinux is active *** Disabling security enforcement for system recovery. *** Run 'setenforce 1' to reenable. /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit: line 53: /selinux/enforce: Read-only file system Give root password for maintenance (or type Control-D to continue): bash: cannot set terminal process group (-1): Inappropriate ioctl for device bash: no job control in this shell bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system bash: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system (Repair filesystem) 1 # setenforce 1 setenforce: SELinux is disabled (Repair filesystem) 2 # echo 1 (Repair filesystem) 4 # /etc/init.d/sshd status openssh-daemon is stopped (Repair filesystem) 5 # /etc/init.d/sshd start Starting sshd: NET: Registered protocol family 10 lo: Disabled Privacy Extensions touch: cannot touch `/var/lock/subsys/sshd': Read-only file system (Repair filesystem) 6 # sudo /etc/init.d/sshd start sudo: sorry, you must have a tty to run sudo (Repair filesystem) 7 # I have 4 site in production and I need to restart the server quickly (SSH + HTTPD ,...). Thank you for your time.

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• IIS/ASP.NET performance incident - Perfmon Current Annonymous Users going through roof but Requests/sec low

  - by Laurence

  Setup: ASP.NET 4.0 website on IIS 6.0 on Win 2003 64 bit, 8xCPUs, 16GB memory, separate SQL 2005 DB server. Had a serious slowdown today with any otherwise fairly well performing ASP.NET site. For a period of a couple of hours all page requests were taking a very long time to be served - e.g. 30-60s compared to usual 2s. The w3wp.exe's CPU and memory usage on the webserver was not much higher than normal. The application pool was not in the middle of recycling (and it hadn't recycled for several hours). Bottlenecks in the database were ruled out - no blocks occurring and query results were being returned quickly. I couldn't make any sense of it and set up the following Perfmon counters: Current Anonymous Users (for site in question) Get requests/sec (ditto) Requests/sec for the ASP.NET application running the site Get requests/sec was averaging 100-150. Requests/sec for ASP.NET was averaging 5-10. However Current Anonymous Users was around 200. And then as I was watching, the Current Anonymous Users began to climb steeply going up to about 500 within a few minutes. All this time Get requests/sec & Requests/sec for ASP.NET was if anything going down. I did a whole load of things (in a panic!) to try to get the site working, like shutting it down, recycling the app pool, and adding another worker process to the pool. I also extended the expiration time for content (in IIS under HTTP Headers) in an attempt to lower the number of requests for static files (there are a lot of images on the site). The site is now back to normal, and the counters are fairly steady and reading (added Current Connections counter): Current Anonymous Users : average 30 Get requests/sec : average 100 Requests/sec for ASP.NET : 5 Current Connections : average 300 I have also observed an inverse relationship between Get requests/sec & Current Anonymous Users. Usually both are fairly steady but there will be short periods when Get requests/sec will go down dramatically and Current Anonymous Users will go up in a perfect mirror image. Then they will flip back to their usual levels. So, my questions are: Thinking of the original performance issue - if w3wp.exe CPU, memory usage were normal and there was no DB bottleneck, what could explain page requests taking 20 times longer to be served than usual? What other counters should I be looking at if this happens again? What explains the inverse relationship between Get requests/sec & Current Anonymous Users? What could explain Current Anonymous Users going from 200 to 500 within a few minutes? Many thanks for any insight into this.

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• Setting up a home server - what to use? (ZFS vs btrfs, BSD vs Linux, misc other requirements)

  - by monch1962

  I need to get all our home content off individual machines and onto a central server. What I'd like to have is the metaphorical "server under the stairs". Stuff we need: expandable storage. I want to be able to add extra disc as we go along, with minimal maintenance required. Currently we've got about 3Tb of files we need to host, and that's likely to grow by another Tb every 6-12 months based on recent history. I need to be able to add additional disc with minimal pain needs to store all the media (i.e. photos, video, music) we have, and run services to serve the various devices we have in the house to playback (e.g. DAAP so we can play stuff through iTunes, ccxstream so we can play stuff over XBMC). DAAP and ccxstream are needed now, but we also need to support new standards as they emerge (so a closed-box solution isn't going to work) RAID 5, or something broadly equivalent (e.g. RAID-Z) BitTorrent client ssh, NFS, Samba access snapshot capability (as in ZFS), so we can snapshot individual file systems regularly and rollback when my kids delete their school assignments the day before they're due... ability to recover quickly from power outages (it's not unusual for us to have power outages that last longer than our UPS' batteries) FOSS software a modern distributed version control system running on the box, such as Mercurial Stuff I'd like to have on the server, but can live without: PVR capability, so I could record TV to the box Web server. We currently run a small Web server on a very old box, and I'd ideally like to turn the old box off and move the content to the new server just to save some electricity Nagios + mrtg I've been looking at using a EEE Box as the server, primarily because I can get them cheap and they don't consume much power. The choice of OS and file system is more difficult, from what I've found: I've got most experience with various Linux distros, but am happy to use another Unix FreeBSD and OpenSolaris seem to be the best choices for hosting ZFS OpenSolaris' hardware support is nowhere near as good as e.g. Ubuntu btrfs, while looking very good, doesn't seem ready for prime-time yet ZFS doesn't let you (easily?) add new discs to a RAID5 or RAID-Z reading around, it seems that ZFS is a bit short of tools for recovering lost data At the moment, I'm leaning towards running FreeNAS+ZFS, but I'm concerned about the requirement to be able to add new disc on a fairly regular basis to an existing RAID-Z. Can anyone provide some recommendations, or share experiences? Thanks in advance

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• Setting up a home server - what to use? (ZFS vs btrfs, BSD vs Linux, misc other requirements)

  - by monch1962

  I need to get all our home content off individual machines and onto a central server. What I'd like to have is the metaphorical "server under the stairs". Stuff we need: expandable storage. I want to be able to add extra disc as we go along, with minimal maintenance required. Currently we've got about 3Tb of files we need to host, and that's likely to grow by another Tb every 6-12 months based on recent history. I need to be able to add additional disc with minimal pain needs to store all the media (i.e. photos, video, music) we have, and run services to serve the various devices we have in the house to playback (e.g. DAAP so we can play stuff through iTunes, ccxstream so we can play stuff over XBMC). DAAP and ccxstream are needed now, but we also need to support new standards as they emerge (so a closed-box solution isn't going to work) RAID 5, or something broadly equivalent (e.g. RAID-Z) BitTorrent client ssh, NFS, Samba access snapshot capability (as in ZFS), so we can snapshot individual file systems regularly and rollback when my kids delete their school assignments the day before they're due... ability to recover quickly from power outages (it's not unusual for us to have power outages that last longer than our UPS' batteries) FOSS software a modern distributed version control system running on the box, such as Mercurial Stuff I'd like to have on the server, but can live without: PVR capability, so I could record TV to the box Web server. We currently run a small Web server on a very old box, and I'd ideally like to turn the old box off and move the content to the new server just to save some electricity Nagios + mrtg I've been looking at using a EEE Box as the server, primarily because I can get them cheap and they don't consume much power. The choice of OS and file system is more difficult, from what I've found: I've got most experience with various Linux distros, but am happy to use another Unix FreeBSD and OpenSolaris seem to be the best choices for hosting ZFS OpenSolaris' hardware support is nowhere near as good as e.g. Ubuntu btrfs, while looking very good, doesn't seem ready for prime-time yet ZFS doesn't let you (easily?) add new discs to a RAID5 or RAID-Z reading around, it seems that ZFS is a bit short of tools for recovering lost data At the moment, I'm leaning towards running FreeNAS+ZFS, but I'm concerned about the requirement to be able to add new disc on a fairly regular basis to an existing RAID-Z. Can anyone provide some recommendations, or share experiences? Thanks in advance

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• Setting up a home server - what to use? (ZFS vs btrfs, BSD vs Linux, misc other requirements)

  - by monch1962

  I need to get all our home content off individual machines and onto a central server. What I'd like to have is the metaphorical "server under the stairs". Stuff we need: expandable storage. I want to be able to add extra disc as we go along, with minimal maintenance required. Currently we've got about 3Tb of files we need to host, and that's likely to grow by another Tb every 6-12 months based on recent history. I need to be able to add additional disc with minimal pain needs to store all the media (i.e. photos, video, music) we have, and run services to serve the various devices we have in the house to playback (e.g. DAAP so we can play stuff through iTunes, ccxstream so we can play stuff over XBMC). DAAP and ccxstream are needed now, but we also need to support new standards as they emerge (so a closed-box solution isn't going to work) RAID 5, or something broadly equivalent (e.g. RAID-Z) BitTorrent client ssh, NFS, Samba access snapshot capability (as in ZFS), so we can snapshot individual file systems regularly and rollback when my kids delete their school assignments the day before they're due... ability to recover quickly from power outages (it's not unusual for us to have power outages that last longer than our UPS' batteries) FOSS software a modern distributed version control system running on the box, such as Mercurial Stuff I'd like to have on the server, but can live without: PVR capability, so I could record TV to the box Web server. We currently run a small Web server on a very old box, and I'd ideally like to turn the old box off and move the content to the new server just to save some electricity Nagios + mrtg I've been looking at using a EEE Box as the server, primarily because I can get them cheap and they don't consume much power. The choice of OS and file system is more difficult, from what I've found: I've got most experience with various Linux distros, but am happy to use another Unix FreeBSD and OpenSolaris seem to be the best choices for hosting ZFS OpenSolaris' hardware support is nowhere near as good as e.g. Ubuntu btrfs, while looking very good, doesn't seem ready for prime-time yet ZFS doesn't let you (easily?) add new discs to a RAID5 or RAID-Z reading around, it seems that ZFS is a bit short of tools for recovering lost data At the moment, I'm leaning towards running FreeNAS+ZFS, but I'm concerned about the requirement to be able to add new disc on a fairly regular basis to an existing RAID-Z. Can anyone provide some recommendations, or share experiences? Thanks in advance

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• windows server 2008 r2 remote desktop issue with roaming clients

  - by Patrick D'Haese

  I have the following situation : a Dell windows server 2008 R2 computer, with remote desktop services installed. I have installed a java application making use of a PostgreSql database, and made this application available for clients using RDP. Clients are standard Win XP pc's and Psion Neo handheld devices running Windows CE 5 Pro. The application works fine for clients on standard XP pc's connected directly via cat 5E Ethernet cable to a Dell Powerconnect 2816 switch. The Psion Neo clients connect wireless to the network via Motorola AP6532 access points. These access points are connected via a POE adapter to the same switch as the XP pc's. The Psion devices can connect without any problem and very quickly to the server and to the application using RDP. So far, so good. When the Psion devices move around in the warehouse, and they roam from one access point to the other, the RDP session on the client freezes for approx 1 minute, and then it automatically resumes the session. This freezing is very annoying for the users. Can anyone help in solving this issue? Update (August 9) : After re-installing the access points we have a working situation, but only when connecting to the RDP host : * via a Win Xp SP3 laptop * via a Symbol MC9190 Win CE 6 mobile device When roaming we notice a small hick-up less then 1 second, what is very acceptable. With the Psion NEO it's still not working, when roaming the screen freezes from 2 to 30 seconds. The RDP client on the win xp sp3 laptop and the symbol mc9190 is version 6.0. The RDP client on the neo is version 5.2. I have changed the security layer on the RDP host to RDP security layer (based on forums on the internet), because older RDP clients seem to have issues with the RDP 7.1 protocol on the Win server 2088 R2. Psion adviced us to do some network logging activity on the different devices. We made this logging via wireshark, and based on this the conclusion of Psion is that the server fails in handling tcp-requests. Can anyone give me a second opinion by analysing the wireshark loggings. Thanks in advance. Regards Patrick

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• iptables management tools for large scale environment

  - by womble

  The environment I'm operating in is a large-scale web hosting operation (several hundred servers under management, almost-all-public addressing, etc -- so anything that talks about managing ADSL links is unlikely to work well), and we're looking for something that will be comfortable managing both the core ruleset (around 12,000 entries in iptables at current count) plus the host-based rulesets we manage for customers. Our core router ruleset changes a few times a day, and the host-based rulesets would change maybe 50 times a month (across all the servers, so maybe one change per five servers per month). We're currently using filtergen (which is balls in general, and super-balls at our scale of operation), and I've used shorewall in the past at other jobs (which would be preferable to filtergen, but I figure there's got to be something out there that's better than that). The "musts" we've come up with for any replacement system are: Must generate a ruleset fairly quickly (a filtergen run on our ruleset takes 15-20 minutes; this is just insane) -- this is related to the next point: Must generate an iptables-restore style file and load that in one hit, not call iptables for every rule insert Must not take down the firewall for an extended period while the ruleset reloads (again, this is a consequence of the above point) Must support IPv6 (we aren't deploying anything new that isn't IPv6 compatible) Must be DFSG-free Must use plain-text configuration files (as we run everything through revision control, and using standard Unix text-manipulation tools are our SOP) Must support both RedHat and Debian (packaged preferred, but at the very least mustn't be overtly hostile to either distro's standards) Must support the ability to run arbitrary iptables commands to support features that aren't part of the system's "native language" Anything that doesn't meet all these criteria will not be considered. The following are our "nice to haves": Should support config file "fragments" (that is, you can drop a pile of files in a directory and say to the firewall "include everything in this directory in the ruleset"; we use configuration management extensively and would like to use this feature to provide service-specific rules automatically) Should support raw tables Should allow you to specify particular ICMP in both incoming packets and REJECT rules Should gracefully support hostnames that resolve to more than one IP address (we've been caught by this one a few times with filtergen; it's a rather royal pain in the butt) The more optional/weird iptables features that the tool supports (either natively or via existing or easily-writable plugins) the better. We use strange features of iptables now and then, and the more of those that "just work", the better for everyone.

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• How can I get the Terminal raster font to display alt codes in a text editor?

  - by grg-n-sox

  I am working on a project that includes making some ASCII art, except it isn't true ASCII art since I am using a far amount of Windows Alt codes to make it. Anyways, I wanted to make sure that as I am working on it, that it looks exactly how it will in a windows command prompt terminal session. So since command prompt defaults to the Terminal raster font, I figured I would use that. But I quickly noticed that when I use the Terminal typeface in a text editor, it will not render ASCII codes, either at all (as is the case most of the time) or incorrectly. Now, I understand if a font just doesn't support non-ASCII characters, but what I don't get is how the characters do show up correctly in command prompt when they don't in a text editor. I checked the output of the 'chcp' and it was set to 437 by default, which is what I need. Well, either that or 850 but preferably 437 since they got rid of some of the graphics in 437 and replaced them with other Latin characters. Command prompt terminal settings show I am using the Terminal raster font with a 8x12 glyph size. So I try using size 12 in the text editor but no good, even after switching the text encoding to either MS-DOS OEM-US (supposedly an alternative name for CP437) or UTF-8. I just don't get how I am not getting the characters to show up. Also, if it helps, the art I am making is basically modified screen shots from a game I play called Dwarf Fortress that uses characters from the Terminal/Curses typeset, or at least that is how it is reported in the forums by those who make graphics sets to replace the default character set. However, the game doesn't actually use the system's Terminal font. The game's data files includes a bitmap image that is a grid of all the characters the game uses. So it uses this bitmap to render graphics instead of the actual font file. And I basically want to get a text editor to make it so if I type up some ASCII art to look like a screenshot from Dwarf Fortress, that it will actually look like Dwarf Fortress other than the lack of color. Any help?

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• What presentation software suits my needs?

  - by claws

  Background: I'm teaching biology to 12th grade students. The syllabus I'm teaching is huge. I mean literally, very huge. There is a lot for students to remember. There are no less than 1000 facts (weird names, dates etc) for students to remember. They'll have to remember all of them, they don't have a choice. The notes I compiled for their learning itself is upto 80 printed pages(Just the bullet outline & facts). That's just one chapter. We have 34 chapters. Also my students are very hardworking, they study upto 8-10hrs per day (Yeah! we are from India :). So, I want to ensure maximum retaining by the students at each and every stage (Teaching & Learning). I'm trying to as many memory training techniques as possible. I'm trying to incorporate, mnemonics, strong visual aids (pictures, 3D-animations, real videos etc.), spaced repetition etc. I think MS powerpoint is not suitable for my needs: There are about 200 slides per chapter. Its very easy for students to get lost while teaching. Because the problem with powerpoint is that it gives facts (as bullets) but it doesn't exploit the association & organization (Concept Map) of the content, which helps students learn quickly. I found an amazing software called XMind. You can see the screenshot here. Problem is that it is not as powerpoint in terms of powerpoint. This software can be used for just for concept maps. In the above screenshot, each topic occupies a single slide. I have an Image/picture(Detailed huge picture) and about 5-10 bullet points and probably a video or an animation of somethings. And this XMind is not good at presenting, in terms that it doesn't allow me to set what to present after what. I want to present a top down view, with a slide for each topic. PS: I Don't like prezi.com. I tried but it simply is too confusing for my students. It zooms here and there. I didn't tried it but I've seen few presentations.

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• Real-time offline folder-to-folder backup application needed (Windows)

  - by niktech

  I recently started using Intel Matrix Storage RAID solution that allowed me to use my 5 1TB drives for two RAID volumes. First one a 1TB RAID 0 striped across all 5 drives and second one a RAID 5 across the rest of the free space on all drives (around 2.85TB usable space). The RAID 0 I use for OS, applications and games while the RAID 5 I use as a more-permanent type storage (photos, etc). Now I do realize that running the OS and applications on RAID 0 across 5 drives is very dangerous, which is what brings up the following question. Is there a reliable freeware realtime backup application that can backup a set of folders from one drive to another drive (no online backups needed)? I've already tried a few (Mozy, Yadis, Comodo Backup, GFI Backup, Idoo, Crash Plan) but none meet my requirements: Low CPU and RAM usage. Realtime Backups - as soon as a file is modified in the source folder, it is added to the backup queue which will be processed with the lowest priority when the CPU is idle. This backup queue should persist in cases of computer restarts (ie: the source and destination folders should always have the same set of files, except for the ones waiting in the backup queue). Incremental Backups - if only 10 bytes changed in a 1GB file, the app should only copy those 10 new bytes. Ability to back up locked and opened files (some apps, like Yadis, can't back up critical files like browser favorites). Ability to run as a service (no need for any user to log-in to have the app started). Optional requirements: Compression of the destination into a well-known format (RAR, Zip) that can be directly read without the use of the application. Preset source folders (such as Browser Favorites, Game Saves, Application Settings, etc). The idea is to use RAID 0 array as "semi-persistent RAM-like" storage which in case of a failure can be quickly rebuilt by reinstalling the OS, apps and games and copying over the settings, saves, favorites from the RAID 5. I'm also thinking of taking this RAID 0 as RAM idea to the extreme with SSDs (as soon as we get some nice 6Gb/s SATA III SSDs out there), where a couple of SSDs chained in RAID 0 will work as yet another semi-persistent cache layer sitting between the RAM and the HD. I'm just hoping there already exists an application that satisfies these requirements... otherwise I'll have to write one myself, which I would prefer not to do.

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• What is good usage scenario for Rackspace Cloud Files CDN (powered by AKAMAI) [closed]

  - by Andrew Smith

  I have just setup my website as static page via Rackspace CDN / Akamai. www.example.co.uk is an alias for d9771e6f24423091aebc-345678991111238fabcdef6114258d0e1.r61.cf3.rackcdn.com. d9771e6f24423091aebc-345678991111238fabcdef6114258d0e1.r61.cf3.rackcdn.com is an alias for a61.rackcdn.com. a61.rackcdn.com is an alias for a61.rackcdn.com.mdc.edgesuite.net. a61.rackcdn.com.mdc.edgesuite.net is an alias for a63.dscg10.akamai.net. a63.dscg10.akamai.net has address 63.166.98.41 a63.dscg10.akamai.net has address 63.166.98.40 a63.dscg10.akamai.net has IPv6 address 2001:428:4c02::cda8:ecb9 a63.dscg10.akamai.net has IPv6 address 2001:428:4c02::cda8:ed09 The HTTP header: HTTP/1.0 200 OK Last-Modified: Fri, 19 Oct 2012 23:27:41 GMT ETag: fdf9e14b77def799e09e8ce815a521da X-Timestamp: 1350689261.23382 Content-Type: text/html X-Trans-Id: tx457979be3bd746c2b4e5403a1189cdbc Cache-Control: public, max-age=900 Expires: Sat, 27 Oct 2012 22:18:56 GMT Date: Sat, 27 Oct 2012 22:03:56 GMT Content-Length: 7124 Connection: keep-alive I am wondering, if it's really the fastest solution to power the website? By investigating it thru http://www.just-ping.com/ it seems, that from many places the ping is very high, and during quick investigation I found that they use GeoIP to resolve addresses based on WHOIS, which is not accurate and because of that from many places the ping is above 300ms (for example, if ISP is in balgladore and request is routed to bangladore even if it's 300ms, for period of 1 month), while by just using Amazon Web Services and Route 53 Anycast DNS servers and only 4 EC2 instances it seems that for example India is always below 100ms, while using Akamai it goes above 300ms in some cases, and this is because Route 53 is using BGP. By quickly checking the Akamai, it seems that they are not getting feedback from the traffic - the high ping stays constant even if I keep downloading large files and videos, which is opposite to what they say on their website. They state, that they optimize the performance by taking feedback from the requests, while it seems they just use GeoIP with per City resolution (which are mostly big cities). Because of this, AWS with Route 53 / Anycast DNS seems to be much more reliable, as well EdgeCast which is using BGP, but I dont know how much does it cost to deploy static website. Actually, I dont know if EdgeCast is not a lie, because from isolated places there are many errors - so their performance is at the cost of quality of delivery, because of BGP switching the routes during transfer of large files. So I was wondering, what is really Akamai good for, because they dont seem to pose any strength in any field in what I do understand now, except they offer some software based WAF on their website, but what I really care about is the core distribiution, so the question is? Is really Akamai good for Videos? For static websites? ??? I found so far AWS most usable with most consistent ping and stable transfers.

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• Is it possible to "stealth" dual boot a machine?

  - by BrianH

  I have a loaner laptop that has MS Windows with locked down permissions. It works okay for what I need to do, but I started wondering if there was a way to install a separate Windows OS on a separate hard drive to do what I want to do on it. Virtual I wish I could use VirtualBox or VMWare, but that is not an option (I even tried VBox portable). External Drive My next trial was see if it was possible to install Windows on an external drive, and then plug that drive in and boot from it whenever I wanted my own OS. After a few Google searches, I see that is not really a possibility. Swap Primary Drive Another option, would be to get a second internal hard drive, take the existing HD out, and install a new Windows OS on the secondary HD. This would mean swapping the internal hard drive each time I want to switch OSs - doable, but not very convenient. Dual Boot The laptop has an expansion slot where a second hard drive can be plugged in quickly. I thought about Dual booting, but I don't want to mess with the MBR on the primary hard drive. When I have to give the laptop back, I don't want a dual-boot screen to popup. Summary Is there a way to have 2 hard-drives on a machine, each with it's own OS, and maybe use BIOS settings to have only 1 hard drive active at a time? That way both hard drives could be physically connected, but only one would actually be active at a time. I basically want a second OS that does not (can not) affect the existing OS in any way, and can be removed at any time without affecting the existing OS. The secondary OS does not need any of the files on the main hard drive - it's basically like having 2 separate computers using the same hard ware... Is this possible, or would it be easier just to go out and buy a different laptop? Thanks in advance! EDIT I just discovered that my BIOS allows me to pick (at startup) which hard drive I want to boot from. I poked around in the BIOS and there is not a place to disable certain devices, like the primary hard drive. My only concern about plugging in a second hard drive and installing Windows to the second hard drive is that it will mess with the primary hard drive, or add a bootloader screen to pick which windows install to use. My thought would be to physically unplug the primary, plug in the secondary and install windows to the secondary. After the install is working properly, I can plug the primary back in and use the BIOS feature to determine which drive to boot to. Is there any way after I have 2 separate installs on 2 separate hard drives that one of the installs could mess with the MBR on the other drive?

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• Win-XP Browsers Hang on page load - (waiting for...)

  - by CHarmon

  Hello, I’m having problems with my browsers hanging on loading pages on my desktop machine. I’m using Windows XP Pro with SP3 and fully updated except for IE 8. All three of my browsers, IE 7, Chrome and Firefox are having the same problems. Pages are not being loaded and are hanging on “waiting for …”. The browsers are waiting for the page being loaded or ad servers. Sometimes a page will load but the loading graphic continues to be displayed as if the page were still loading when the page appears to be fully loaded. The problem is bad enough that I can’t really use any of my browsers. I can eventually get most pages to load by stopping and restarting the page load. I have DSL modem with a wireless router and I have been able to eliminate the modem and router from being the source of my problem. My laptop doesn’t have any problems even when hardwired to the router and with the wireless connection disabled. I deleted the NIC and let XP re-install. Also tried a different network cable. Tried the same router port used in the laptop test. One clue that may be important is that I can’t connect to my router using the desktop machine…the page hangs while trying to connect. I can ping the router and I can quickly connect to the router using the laptop. I also can’t use the Windows update process – the page never fully loads. The problem affects other user accounts and even happens in safe mode. I am convinced the problem is with part of the O/S…some layer able to affect all of the browsers. The purpose of this post is to see if anyone has some ideas before I do a XP repair. I have done quite a bit of trouble-shooting: Ran a full anti-virus scan with AVG – no problems. Ran full scans with Spybot, MalwareBytes and Sophos anti-rootkit – no problems. Ran Chkdsk with both options checked. Ran Disk Clean up Defragged RE-installed IE7 Cleared all the browser caches Ran Ccleaner (registry tool) Ran HijackThis – nothing unusual (problem happens in safe mode too) Ran Process Explorer – no unusual processes Used System Restore and fell back several days – no change in the problem Booted to last known good configuration – no change in the problem Ran MicrosoftFixit50199.msi – no change in the problem Any ideas or suggestions would be appreciated…I’m not looking forward to doing a repair on XP. Thanks in advance for any help.

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• nginx timeout albeit ridicolous configuration

  - by Joa Ebert

  The scenario is an API server that should handle uploads. Posting on my.host.com/api/upload should do something with the body the client sends. However the API server has been designed to block the whole request until it fully processed the file, including some analysis which can take up to approx. 5min (...!). This has to change of course. In the meantime I wanted to setup nginx as a load balancer in front of the API servers. I quickly ran into a timeout issue, consulted Google and came up with this ridiculous test configuration: user www-data; worker_processes 4; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; access_log off; sendfile on; send_timeout 3600; keepalive_timeout 3600 120; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; gzip off; client_header_timeout 3600; client_body_timeout 3600; proxy_send_timeout 3600; proxy_read_timeout 3600; proxy_connect_timeout 1800; proxy_next_upstream error; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; } And upstream test { server host1; server host2; } server { listen 80; server_name my.host.com; client_max_body_size 10m; location /api/ { proxy_pass http://test; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_redirect off; } } Still, when an upload happens, I get the following result in the error.log: 2010/12/22 13:36:42 [error] 5256#0: *187359 upstream timed out (110: Connection timed out) while reading response header from upstream, client: xx.xx.xx.xx, server: my.host.com, request: "POST /api/upload HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://apiserver:80/upload", host: "my.host.com" What else could I do? If I look at the log of the API server I still see that it is processing the request and analyzing the file. But I think 3600 seconds as a timeout should be more than enough. This happens even after a could of seconds. And I did a reload and force-reload of the configuration as well of course.

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• Cannot Send Item error in Outlook - permissions to registry?

  - by Tim Alexander

  The issue I am trying to solve is to do with users getting a Cannot Send Item error in Outlook 2007 connecting to Exchange 2007. Basically if there is an image in the email (either one they have pasted in or one from another email in the chain) they get a "Cannot Send Item" error. Initially thought it was a citrix issue but users get it when they RDP to a server as well. Changing the message to Rich Text works 80% of the time but I do not think this is a solution but more of a temporary workaround. After some troubleshooting we found that the error can be fixed by adding the user as a member of the local power users group. of course this is not really a fix. My thoughts were that the ability of a power user to add/remove software may give them more access to the registry which might allow them to get round a restriction that is in place for a normal user. I have tried going through a procmon but the wealth of information is confusing. It initially looked like it may be an Outlook 2007 email security setting but this does not change between power user and normal user (set to 1 in the registry, "Use the security setting from Outlook Security Settings Public Folders"). I am struggling to fine tune my troubleshooting to work out exactly what is blocking it. Has anyone had an experience with an error similar to this? Or are there any tips for trying to track down issues via procmon as I must admit my approach seems somewhat lacking :) EDIT: So I have trawled through the two logs we have from process monitor (one as a power user and one a normal user). annoyingly I can find no obvious difference where something is denied access. There are more access denied events in the normal user log but these are quickly followed by sucessful entries to the same path fractions of a second later. The only thing that does stand out is an access denied to HKCR.html. This does not even appear in the power user version of the log. From what I understand this helps determine the default browser which ties in nicely with the fact that 9 out of 10 times you can send the message as Rich Text. EDIT: Looks like KB2509470 was causing the issue. Not really sure why but when I can work out what it does and why it causes the problem will post here unless anyone beats me to it!

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