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  • Facebook and a stateless server

    - by Fahim Akhter
    I am making a Facebook application, I want to have a stateless server.The Facebook connect requests are from the server side. So when Facebook gives me a session which has to be maintained at the server this way my server won't be stateless. When I'll load balance I can't have a simple load balancer instead it would need to know which users are on which server, something I don't want. Any Ideas?

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  • Determining the load on a particular core in a multicore processor

    - by S.Man
    In a multicore processor, there are ways to tell the particular application to run in either single core or 2 cores or 3 cores. During such scenarios, how will a scheduler be able to determine the load(number of threads) on a particular core in a multicore processor and accordingly distribute(balance) the load(allocate threads) across the various cores ?

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  • Java library for trees similar to JGraphT for graphs?

    - by lexicore
    I'm a big fan of JGraphT, a Java library for graphs. Could anyone recommend a similar Java library for trees? Preferrably FOSS. What I need is a good API, preferrably typesafe with generics which allows modelling different kinds of trees (with some user data attached to verticies/edges) and run different algorithms and operations on these trees. For instance, traverse or balance. At the moment I'm not interested in visualization of trees.

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  • Retrieve Specific Data/Value From Database 1 Line PHP

    - by Belgin Fish
    Hi, I'm just wondering how I can retrieve a specific value (only 1 thing will be returned) from a database using php. My query is mysql_query("SELECT balance FROM users WHERE username = '". $this->username . "'") I'm just looking for it to retrieve the data from that row so I can save it directory into a variable.

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  • Making one value "special"

    - by SplashHit
    What is the "computer science" term for the practice of assigning a special meaning to one of a type's values. For example a numeric variable called "amount_to_transfer" where the special value "0" means "entire account balance" or a date value "spouse_date_of_birth" where "1/1/1800" means "unmarried". I happen to feel that this is quite a bad "smell", but I'd like to have a name for it, and if possible, some blog post or article about why it's bad and how to fix it.

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  • Parallelism in .NET – Part 5, Partitioning of Work

    - by Reed
    When parallelizing any routine, we start by decomposing the problem.  Once the problem is understood, we need to break our work into separate tasks, so each task can be run on a different processing element.  This process is called partitioning. Partitioning our tasks is a challenging feat.  There are opposing forces at work here: too many partitions adds overhead, too few partitions leaves processors idle.  Trying to work the perfect balance between the two extremes is the goal for which we should aim.  Luckily, the Task Parallel Library automatically handles much of this process.  However, there are situations where the default partitioning may not be appropriate, and knowledge of our routines may allow us to guide the framework to making better decisions. First off, I’d like to say that this is a more advanced topic.  It is perfectly acceptable to use the parallel constructs in the framework without considering the partitioning taking place.  The default behavior in the Task Parallel Library is very well-behaved, even for unusual work loads, and should rarely be adjusted.  I have found few situations where the default partitioning behavior in the TPL is not as good or better than my own hand-written partitioning routines, and recommend using the defaults unless there is a strong, measured, and profiled reason to avoid using them.  However, understanding partitioning, and how the TPL partitions your data, helps in understanding the proper usage of the TPL. I indirectly mentioned partitioning while discussing aggregation.  Typically, our systems will have a limited number of Processing Elements (PE), which is the terminology used for hardware capable of processing a stream of instructions.  For example, in a standard Intel i7 system, there are four processor cores, each of which has two potential hardware threads due to Hyperthreading.  This gives us a total of 8 PEs – theoretically, we can have up to eight operations occurring concurrently within our system. In order to fully exploit this power, we need to partition our work into Tasks.  A task is a simple set of instructions that can be run on a PE.  Ideally, we want to have at least one task per PE in the system, since fewer tasks means that some of our processing power will be sitting idle.  A naive implementation would be to just take our data, and partition it with one element in our collection being treated as one task.  When we loop through our collection in parallel, using this approach, we’d just process one item at a time, then reuse that thread to process the next, etc.  There’s a flaw in this approach, however.  It will tend to be slower than necessary, often slower than processing the data serially. The problem is that there is overhead associated with each task.  When we take a simple foreach loop body and implement it using the TPL, we add overhead.  First, we change the body from a simple statement to a delegate, which must be invoked.  In order to invoke the delegate on a separate thread, the delegate gets added to the ThreadPool’s current work queue, and the ThreadPool must pull this off the queue, assign it to a free thread, then execute it.  If our collection had one million elements, the overhead of trying to spawn one million tasks would destroy our performance. The answer, here, is to partition our collection into groups, and have each group of elements treated as a single task.  By adding a partitioning step, we can break our total work into small enough tasks to keep our processors busy, but large enough tasks to avoid overburdening the ThreadPool.  There are two clear, opposing goals here: Always try to keep each processor working, but also try to keep the individual partitions as large as possible. When using Parallel.For, the partitioning is always handled automatically.  At first, partitioning here seems simple.  A naive implementation would merely split the total element count up by the number of PEs in the system, and assign a chunk of data to each processor.  Many hand-written partitioning schemes work in this exactly manner.  This perfectly balanced, static partitioning scheme works very well if the amount of work is constant for each element.  However, this is rarely the case.  Often, the length of time required to process an element grows as we progress through the collection, especially if we’re doing numerical computations.  In this case, the first PEs will finish early, and sit idle waiting on the last chunks to finish.  Sometimes, work can decrease as we progress, since previous computations may be used to speed up later computations.  In this situation, the first chunks will be working far longer than the last chunks.  In order to balance the workload, many implementations create many small chunks, and reuse threads.  This adds overhead, but does provide better load balancing, which in turn improves performance. The Task Parallel Library handles this more elaborately.  Chunks are determined at runtime, and start small.  They grow slowly over time, getting larger and larger.  This tends to lead to a near optimum load balancing, even in odd cases such as increasing or decreasing workloads.  Parallel.ForEach is a bit more complicated, however. When working with a generic IEnumerable<T>, the number of items required for processing is not known in advance, and must be discovered at runtime.  In addition, since we don’t have direct access to each element, the scheduler must enumerate the collection to process it.  Since IEnumerable<T> is not thread safe, it must lock on elements as it enumerates, create temporary collections for each chunk to process, and schedule this out.  By default, it uses a partitioning method similar to the one described above.  We can see this directly by looking at the Visual Partitioning sample shipped by the Task Parallel Library team, and available as part of the Samples for Parallel Programming.  When we run the sample, with four cores and the default, Load Balancing partitioning scheme, we see this: The colored bands represent each processing core.  You can see that, when we started (at the top), we begin with very small bands of color.  As the routine progresses through the Parallel.ForEach, the chunks get larger and larger (seen by larger and larger stripes). Most of the time, this is fantastic behavior, and most likely will out perform any custom written partitioning.  However, if your routine is not scaling well, it may be due to a failure in the default partitioning to handle your specific case.  With prior knowledge about your work, it may be possible to partition data more meaningfully than the default Partitioner. There is the option to use an overload of Parallel.ForEach which takes a Partitioner<T> instance.  The Partitioner<T> class is an abstract class which allows for both static and dynamic partitioning.  By overriding Partitioner<T>.SupportsDynamicPartitions, you can specify whether a dynamic approach is available.  If not, your custom Partitioner<T> subclass would override GetPartitions(int), which returns a list of IEnumerator<T> instances.  These are then used by the Parallel class to split work up amongst processors.  When dynamic partitioning is available, GetDynamicPartitions() is used, which returns an IEnumerable<T> for each partition.  If you do decide to implement your own Partitioner<T>, keep in mind the goals and tradeoffs of different partitioning strategies, and design appropriately. The Samples for Parallel Programming project includes a ChunkPartitioner class in the ParallelExtensionsExtras project.  This provides example code for implementing your own, custom allocation strategies, including a static allocator of a given chunk size.  Although implementing your own Partitioner<T> is possible, as I mentioned above, this is rarely required or useful in practice.  The default behavior of the TPL is very good, often better than any hand written partitioning strategy.

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  • Cost Comparison Hard Disk Drive to Solid State Drive on Price per Gigabyte - dispelling a myth!

    - by tonyrogerson
    It is often said that Hard Disk Drive storage is significantly cheaper per GiByte than Solid State Devices – this is wholly inaccurate within the database space. People need to look at the cost of the complete solution and not just a single component part in isolation to what is really required to meet the business requirement. Buying a single Hitachi Ultrastar 600GB 3.5” SAS 15Krpm hard disk drive will cost approximately £239.60 (http://scan.co.uk, 22nd March 2012) compared to an OCZ 600GB Z-Drive R4 CM84 PCIe costing £2,316.54 (http://scan.co.uk, 22nd March 2012); I’ve not included FusionIO ioDrive because there is no public pricing available for it – something I never understand and personally when companies do this I immediately think what are they hiding, luckily in FusionIO’s case the product is proven though is expensive compared to OCZ enterprise offerings. On the face of it the single 15Krpm hard disk has a price per GB of £0.39, the SSD £3.86; this is what you will see in the press and this is what sales people will use in comparing the two technologies – do not be fooled by this bullshit people! What is the requirement? The requirement is the database will have a static size of 400GB kept static through archiving so growth and trim will balance the database size, the client requires resilience, there will be several hundred call centre staff querying the database where queries will read a small amount of data but there will be no hot spot in the data so the randomness will come across the entire 400GB of the database, estimates predict that the IOps required will be approximately 4,000IOps at peak times, because it’s a call centre system the IO latency is important and must remain below 5ms per IO. The balance between read and write is 70% read, 30% write. The requirement is now defined and we have three of the most important pieces of the puzzle – space required, estimated IOps and maximum latency per IO. Something to consider with regard SQL Server; write activity requires synchronous IO to the storage media specifically the transaction log; that means the write thread will wait until the IO is completed and hardened off until the thread can continue execution, the requirement has stated that 30% of the system activity will be write so we can expect a high amount of synchronous activity. The hardware solution needs to be defined; two possible solutions: hard disk or solid state based; the real question now is how many hard disks are required to achieve the IO throughput, the latency and resilience, ditto for the solid state. Hard Drive solution On a test on an HP DL380, P410i controller using IOMeter against a single 15Krpm 146GB SAS drive, the throughput given on a transfer size of 8KiB against a 40GiB file on a freshly formatted disk where the partition is the only partition on the disk thus the 40GiB file is on the outer edge of the drive so more sectors can be read before head movement is required: For 100% sequential IO at a queue depth of 16 with 8 worker threads 43,537 IOps at an average latency of 2.93ms (340 MiB/s), for 100% random IO at the same queue depth and worker threads 3,733 IOps at an average latency of 34.06ms (34 MiB/s). The same test was done on the same disk but the test file was 130GiB: For 100% sequential IO at a queue depth of 16 with 8 worker threads 43,537 IOps at an average latency of 2.93ms (340 MiB/s), for 100% random IO at the same queue depth and worker threads 528 IOps at an average latency of 217.49ms (4 MiB/s). From the result it is clear random performance gets worse as the disk fills up – I’m currently writing an article on short stroking which will cover this in detail. Given the work load is random in nature looking at the random performance of the single drive when only 40 GiB of the 146 GB is used gives near the IOps required but the latency is way out. Luckily I have tested 6 x 15Krpm 146GB SAS 15Krpm drives in a RAID 0 using the same test methodology, for the same test above on a 130 GiB for each drive added the performance boost is near linear, for each drive added throughput goes up by 5 MiB/sec, IOps by 700 IOps and latency reducing nearly 50% per drive added (172 ms, 94 ms, 65 ms, 47 ms, 37 ms, 30 ms). This is because the same 130GiB is spread out more as you add drives 130 / 1, 130 / 2, 130 / 3 etc. so implicit short stroking is occurring because there is less file on each drive so less head movement required. The best latency is still 30 ms but we have the IOps required now, but that’s on a 130GiB file and not the 400GiB we need. Some reality check here: a) the drive randomness is more likely to be 50/50 and not a full 100% but the above has highlighted the effect randomness has on the drive and the more a drive fills with data the worse the effect. For argument sake let us assume that for the given workload we need 8 disks to do the job, for resilience reasons we will need 16 because we need to RAID 1+0 them in order to get the throughput and the resilience, RAID 5 would degrade performance. Cost for hard drives: 16 x £239.60 = £3,833.60 For the hard drives we will need disk controllers and a separate external disk array because the likelihood is that the server itself won’t take the drives, a quick spec off DELL for a PowerVault MD1220 which gives the dual pathing with 16 disks 146GB 15Krpm 2.5” disks is priced at £7,438.00, note its probably more once we had two controller cards to sit in the server in, racking etc. Minimum cost taking the DELL quote as an example is therefore: {Cost of Hardware} / {Storage Required} £7,438.60 / 400 = £18.595 per GB £18.59 per GiB is a far cry from the £0.39 we had been told by the salesman and the myth. Yes, the storage array is composed of 16 x 146 disks in RAID 10 (therefore 8 usable) giving an effective usable storage availability of 1168GB but the actual storage requirement is only 400 and the extra disks have had to be purchased to get the  IOps up. Solid State Drive solution A single card significantly exceeds the IOps and latency required, for resilience two will be required. ( £2,316.54 * 2 ) / 400 = £11.58 per GB With the SSD solution only two PCIe sockets are required, no external disk units, no additional controllers, no redundant controllers etc. Conclusion I hope by showing you an example that the myth that hard disk drives are cheaper per GiB than Solid State has now been dispelled - £11.58 per GB for SSD compared to £18.59 for Hard Disk. I’ve not even touched on the running costs, compare the costs of running 18 hard disks, that’s a lot of heat and power compared to two PCIe cards!Just a quick note: I've left a fair amount of information out due to this being a blog! If in doubt, email me :)I'll also deal with the myth that SSD's wear out at a later date as well - that's just way over done still, yes, 5 years ago, but now - no.

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  • Best Practice for captcha based protection against D.O.S to Nginx Proxy

    - by user325320
    The idea is explained here In simple words, Nginx Proxy plays the role of load balance and transmits the HTTP/HTTPS requests to servers. If the number of request times within a certain period from an individual IP exceeds a threshold, it will trigger a captcha for the upcoming requests. And the end-user must input the correct captcha code before he can continue to access the site. Do you know any open source / free NGINX module for this usage? I searched on the Internet and here is one of them: https://github.com/snbuback/nginx seems it needs modification. Any suggestion / experience is welcome, thank you

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  • HAProxy: Display a "BADREQ" | BADREQ's by the thousands

    - by GruffTech
    My HAProxy Configuration. #HA-Proxy version 1.3.22 2009/10/14 Copyright 2000-2009 Willy Tarreau <[email protected]> global maxconn 10000 spread-checks 50 user haproxy group haproxy daemon stats socket /tmp/haproxy log localhost local0 log localhost local1 notice defaults mode http maxconn 50000 timeout client 10000 option forwardfor except 127.0.0.1 option httpclose option httplog listen dcaustin 0.0.0.0:80 mode http timeout connect 12000 timeout server 60000 timeout queue 120000 balance roundrobin option httpchk GET /index.html log global option httplog option dontlog-normal server web1 10.10.10.101:80 maxconn 300 check fall 1 server web2 10.10.10.102:80 maxconn 300 check fall 1 server web3 10.10.10.103:80 maxconn 300 check fall 1 server web4 10.10.10.104:80 maxconn 300 check fall 1 listen stats 0.0.0.0:9000 mode http balance log global timeout client 5000 timeout connect 4000 timeout server 30000 stats uri /haproxy HAProxy is running, and the socket is working... adam@dcaustin:/etc/haproxy# echo "show info" | socat stdio /tmp/haproxy Name: HAProxy Version: 1.3.22 Release_date: 2009/10/14 Nbproc: 1 Process_num: 1 Pid: 6320 Uptime: 0d 0h14m58s Uptime_sec: 898 Memmax_MB: 0 Ulimit-n: 20017 Maxsock: 20017 Maxconn: 10000 Maxpipes: 0 CurrConns: 47 PipesUsed: 0 PipesFree: 0 Tasks: 51 Run_queue: 1 node: dcaustin desiption: Errors show nothing from socket... adam@dcaustin:/etc/haproxy# echo "show errors" | socat stdio /tmp/haproxy adam@dcaustin:/etc/haproxy# However... My Error log is exploding with "badrequests" with the Error code cR. cR (according to 1.3 documentation) is The "timeout http-request" stroke before the client sent a full HTTP request. This is sometimes caused by too large TCP MSS values on the client side for PPPoE networks which cannot transport full-sized packets, or by clients sending requests by hand and not typing fast enough, or forgetting to enter the empty line at the end of the request. The HTTP status code is likely a 408 here. Correct on the 408, but we're getting literally thousands of these requests every hour. (This log snippet is an clip for about 10 seconds of time...) Jun 30 11:08:52 localhost haproxy[6320]: 92.22.213.32:26448 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:42.384] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10002 408 212 - - cR-- 35/35/18/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:08:54 localhost haproxy[6320]: 71.62.130.24:62818 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:44.457] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10001 408 212 - - cR-- 39/39/16/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:08:55 localhost haproxy[6320]: 84.73.75.236:3589 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:45.021] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10008 408 212 - - cR-- 35/35/15/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:08:55 localhost haproxy[6320]: 69.39.20.190:49969 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:45.709] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10000 408 212 - - cR-- 37/37/16/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:08:56 localhost haproxy[6320]: 2.29.0.9:58772 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:46.846] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10001 408 212 - - cR-- 43/43/22/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:08:57 localhost haproxy[6320]: 212.139.250.242:57537 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:47.568] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10000 408 212 - - cR-- 42/42/21/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:08:58 localhost haproxy[6320]: 74.79.195.75:55046 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:48.559] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10000 408 212 - - cR-- 46/46/24/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:08:58 localhost haproxy[6320]: 74.79.195.75:55044 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:48.554] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10004 408 212 - - cR-- 45/45/24/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:08:58 localhost haproxy[6320]: 74.79.195.75:55045 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:48.554] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10005 408 212 - - cR-- 44/44/24/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:09:00 localhost haproxy[6320]: 68.197.56.2:52781 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:50.975] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10000 408 212 - - cR-- 49/49/28/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" From what I read on google, if i wanted to see what the bad requests are, I can show errors to the socket and it will spit them out. We do run a pretty heavily trafficed website and the percentage of "BADREQS" to normal requests is quite low, but I'd like to be able to get ahold of what that request WAS so I can debug it. stats # pxname,svname,qcur,qmax,scur,smax,slim,stot,bin,bout,dreq,dresp,ereq,econ,eresp,wretr,wredis,status,weight,act,bck,chkfail,chkdown,lastchg,downtime,qlimit,pid,iid,sid,throttle,lbtot,tracked,type,rate,rate_lim,rate_max, dcaustin,FRONTEND,,,64,120,50000,88433,105889100,2553809875,0,0,4641,,,,,OPEN,,,,,,,,,1,1,0,,,,0,45,0,128, dcaustin,web1,0,0,10,28,300,20941,25402112,633143416,,0,,0,3,0,0,UP,1,1,0,0,0,2208,0,,1,1,1,,20941,,2,11,,30, dcaustin,web2,0,0,9,30,300,20941,25026691,641475169,,0,,0,3,0,0,UP,1,1,0,0,0,2208,0,,1,1,2,,20941,,2,11,,30, dcaustin,web3,0,0,10,27,300,20940,30116527,635015040,,0,,0,9,0,0,UP,1,1,0,0,0,2208,0,,1,1,3,,20940,,2,10,,31, dcaustin,web4,0,0,5,28,300,20940,25343770,643209546,,0,,0,8,0,0,UP,1,1,0,0,0,2208,0,,1,1,4,,20940,,2,11,,31, dcaustin,BACKEND,0,0,34,95,50000,83762,105889100,2553809875,0,0,,0,34,0,0,UP,4,4,0,,0,2208,0,,1,1,0,,83762,,1,43,,122, 88500 "Sessions" and 4500 errors. in the last 20 minutes.

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  • HAProxy not passing SSL traffic in TCP mode (unknown protocol)

    - by David
    Hi, I've got a HAProxy LB solution setup and working correctly. All HTTP traffic on port 80 is being passed through succesfully. I'm now trying to get SSL traffic to work (in TCP mode and on just one server for now) however I keep getting the following error when testing via openssl: 26396:error:140770FC:SSL routines:SSL23_GET_SERVER_HELLO:unknown protocol:s23_clnt.c:588: However, when I try the same test (openssl s_client -connect) on the web servers IP address and hostname, everything seems to look OK. I can setup a hosts record locally and confirm that the browsers are picking up the SSL certificate succesfully for the domain. I guess this has led me to the conclusion that there is a problem at the HAProxy setup I have, so would really appreciate some advice here. frontend https-c-in bind 178.79.xxx.xxx:443 mode tcp default_backend c-https backend c-https balance source option ssl-hello-chk option httpclose server c-web-01 192.168.xxx.xxx:443 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5

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  • LVS TCP connection timeouts - lingering connections

    - by Jon Topper
    I'm using keepalived to load-balance connections between a number of TCP servers. I don't expect it matters, but the service in this case is rabbitmq. I'm using NAT type balancing with weighted round-robin. A client connects to the server thus: [client]-----------[lvs]------------[real server] a b If a client connects to the LVS and remains idle, sending nothing on the socket, this eventually times out, according to timeouts set using ipvsadm --set. At this point, the connection marked 'a' above correctly disappears from the output of netstat -anp on the client, and from the output of ipvsadm -L -n -c on the lvs box. Connection 'b', however, remains ESTABLISHED according to netstat -anp on the real server box. Why is this? Can I force lvs to properly reset the connection to the real server?

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  • Force Windows to output only mono sound

    - by sheepsimulator
    So, the 'right' half of my pair of headphones broke (the transducer+wire are fine, but the earpiece broke on the headband and so the earpiece won't sit over my ear). So now the right channel is being broadcast to my cube neighbors when I wear my headphones. Yes, they look very silly. Is there a way to ensure, in Windows XP (or Windows Media Player), that all stereo sound is downmixed to the left channel only (ie, in mono) so my neighbors don't hear my music? I know that I can setup the mixer to set the balance to 100% left, but information in the right channel won't be heard.

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  • Xerox phaser 7760 prints gray as pink.

    - by Leif
    I have a Xerox phaser 7760 and 60 iMacs that dual boot xp and osx 10.5. They print without problem to other printers, but if you print to the 7760 anything gray scale comes out with a pink tint. This happens from all 60 computers windows or mac boot from any application. I have reinstalled the driver and run the color balance on the printer. The printer does fine on internal prints of gray for diagnostic pages. Any ideas on how to solve this?

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  • Can Windows log CryptoAPI CRL timouts?

    - by makerofthings7
    We have several .NET applications that occasionally "act slow" with no CPU or disk access. I suspect that they are hung up on authentication when trying to validate the certificate, since the timeout is almost 20 seconds. As per this MSFT article Most applications do not specify to CryptoAPI to use a cumulative time-out. If the cumulative time-out option is not enabled, CryptoAPI uses the CryptoAPI default setting which is a time-out of 15 seconds per URL. If the cumulative time-out option specified by the application, then CryptoAPI will use a default setting of 20 seconds as the cumulative timeout. The first URL receives a maximum timeout of 10 seconds. Each subsequent URL timeout is half of the remaining balance in the cumulative timeout value. Since this is a service, how can I detect and log CryptoAPI hangs for applications I have sourcecode to, and also 3rd party

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  • Linux DNS Multi tenant

    - by spicyramen
    I need to setup a multi-tenant DNS solution in Linux DNS Server. Currently I serve multiple companies: Company ABC, Company XYZ, etc... I need to create a) Forwarder zone b) Reverse Forward Zone. I can easily create a Forward Zone with domain abc.com The challenge I have is that each of my customer components share the same IP address. Hence If I create the Reverse Forward Zone I end up with something like this: abc.com 1.1.1.1 host.abc.com xyz.com 1.1.1.1 host.xyz.com If I perform a reverse lookup on host.abc.com it works fine...but if I do a reverse lookup on 1.1.1.1 I get a load balance response of: attempt: host.abc.com attempt: host.xyz.com attempt: host.abc.com Any ideas? I want to add logic to the DNS configuration to handle DNS reverse lookup based on source machine and respond with right hostname. Workaround: Create multiple DNS but this is not scalable.

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  • Best solution for Multi-WAN failover (inside & out)?

    - by Sean O
    Looking for a way to setup 2 ISPs in failover mode, for both incoming & outgoing traffic, for our small (<100 devices) network. The leading contender for now seems to be the Peplink Balance 310. However, a reseller I spoke with said it's great for 100% outgoing connectivity, but didn't seem to be confident in its abilities to handle incoming traffic. This is important as we host our own web site, Exchange e-mail, and virtual desktops (RDP). Do any Peplink owners use this for failover of incoming traffic? Are there other devices I should be considering? We're currently using a Cisco 1800 series router & ASA 5500 series firewall, with Comcast & T-1 lines (the goal being to replace the T with DSL/FiOS {whenever that becomes availble}). Price range: ~$1000 - $2500 USD. Thanks.

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  • ECMP Load Balancing in JUNOS

    - by SpacemanSpiff
    I'm trying to figure out how to use ECMP load balancing in JUNOS. I know this isn't the best way to load balance, but its quick and dirty and gets done what I need to. In ScreenOS this was pretty easy. Device: SRX220 JunOS: 10.3R2.11 Here's what I've got so far: routing-options { static { route 0.0.0.0/0 { next-hop [ 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.2 ]; metric 10; } } maximum-paths 2; Will that do it? Tom

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  • Pfsense: Inbound Load Balancing https with sticky connection

    - by Zeux
    first of all I'm very sorry for my English... This is my scenario: Internet Firewall+LB: pfsense_1(Active) + pfsense_2(Passive) in CARP Pool servers: 3 x nginx(PHP5+HTTP+HTTPS) Pfsense 1 and 2 CARP configured with Virtual IP (pubblic). Nginx servers's ips are all private. I want to load balance inbound HTTP and HTTPS connections between the 3 nginx web servers. An importat thing is that the HTTPS connections must be "sticky connections": in HTTPS connections, after login by username and password, I setup a php session and therefore when a client starts a HTTPS connection it will be always redirected to the same nginx server, until it disconnects itself, it closes the page/browser or after a timeout (30minutes?) without activity. Is this possible whit the last release(2.0.1) of pfsense? thank you very much...

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  • Amazon EC2: possible to use elastic load balancing across web servers in multiple regions based on location of client?

    - by Tony
    Related to an another question I asked. This question seems similar but I'm wondering if there are any updates. To support a single site that has users all over the world, I will create EC2 web servers in the US, Asia and Europe regions. The web server instances in the US and Asia regions will be backed by RDS replicas. Is it possible to load balance across these three regions? So when a customer from Spain goes to example.com, she should be routed to the EC2 instances in Europe region, a customer in Miami should be sent to the instance in Eastern US region, etc. Is this possible to do this with just AWS features? Are there docs on how to set this up?

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  • How to change image to this color?

    - by askmoo
    I have this image And I need to change it to the color #D21108 (type of RED). Of course, I do not want to paint it to this color, but to change the color to #D21108 and its shades (like I do in Photoshop via Brush Colour Replacement). I have all info about this color, values of RGB, CMYK, Lab and HSV if you need them. Now, I guess I can easily change it via GIMP's menu "Colors". I tried options Color Balance, Hue-Saturation, Colorize, but I did not find a way to enter the starting color I need. I was closest to my aim via Hue-Saturation, but I could not get this red value, no matter what I tried. As I am not a graphics expert, please tell me how to accomplish this task. PS. What's the meaning of Lab and HSV in the color scheme? I know the meaning of RGB and CMYK.

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  • RemoteApp Security Warning

    - by nairware
    I have a Windows 2012 Standard x64 RemoteApps RDWeb portal where I can launch apps. We have one remote app in particular which is RDP (mstsc.exe). Whenever a user launches it, they receive three different prompts--the second one is this alert (shown below). How can I get rid of this alert? I have other RemoteApps launching as well, and they do not throw errors or alerts like this one. And they are applications with the .exe extension, so I do not understand what is so unique about the RDP RemoteApp that would cause this alert. One thing perhaps worth mentioning is this particular RDP remote app points directly to the mstsc.exe executable residing on a particular session host/terminal server (as shown in the "From" value of the warning). As such, a gateway server would not be used to load-balance and choose the RDP client launched from a session host at random. This RDP RemoteApp is explicitly associated with one particular terminal server.

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  • SElinux stopping LVS from working with https

    - by J Hoskins
    LVS/piranha is setup and trying to get it to balance https instead of http. Setup https testing with wget - idea from this link. Works when I do it at the command prompt. With SELinux enforcing, the wget fails to run due to the lack of access to /dev/random. (Error - Could not seed PRNG; consider using --random-file. Disabling SSL due to encountered errors.) wget runs as system_u:system_r:piranha_lvs_t:s0 but the file/device /dev/random has system_u:object_r:random_device_t:s0 Also, wget is trying to getattr and read. How do you allow wget to use /dev/random so it will do ssl?

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  • Where to learn how to replicate an Excel template?

    - by Rosarch
    This Excel template is really cool. There are a lot of things in it I don't know how to do, such as: Having header rows that "stick" to the top even when you scroll down Slider on the first page changes where the chart pulls its data from Functions seem to be referring to named ranges in tables, like =SUM([nov]). Where do those names come from? Clicking "back to overview" on the "Budget" page returns you to the "Dashboard" page The number under "starting balance" of the top right corner of "Budget" changes when you change cell C5 On "Budget", each cell in the first column of each table has a drop-down menu for text, which seems to come from the "Setup" page The background isn't just plain white, but when I try to format paint it onto a new sheet, nothing happens If you know how any of these effects are achieved, I'm definitely curious. But I guess the main point of my question is where I can go to answer these questions for myself. Are templates explained anywhere?

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  • PCI compliance - Setting BIND to no recursion, cURL can't access external sites

    - by Exit
    I was running a PCI scan and was following direction to change the BIND options from: // recursion no; allow-recursion { trusted;}; allow-notify { trusted;}; allow-transfer { trusted;}; to: recursion no; allow-recursion { none;}; allow-notify { trusted;}; allow-transfer { none;}; The end result was that cURL operations stopped being able to access external sites. I realize that not everything will be 100% for PCI compliance, but can someone explain if there is a way to balance this for both PCI compliance and function?

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