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  • Why should I consider using the Source Engine?

    - by dukeofgaming
    I've always been a Valve fan, but now that I have the opportuninty to choose a game engine for a project I'm not sure I want to choose the Source Engine after watching this wikipedia entry. My options essentially boiled down to an open source stack (Horde3D + Zoidcom + Spark + SFML + CEGUI, and well, not OSS but PhysX too), UDK and the Source Engine. My question is (because I really have no experience with it) what would be the technical reasons (not license or other) for any developer to choose the Source Engine over any other open source or commercial option ?, is the Source Engine really worth it as a game development tool or has it time already passed and it is obsolete against other solutions?. Thanks Edit: Precised my question a little more , I'm looking for technical reasons to choose the Source Engine.

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  • who are software design engineers?

    - by Sepala
    My question is, who are software design engineers? And, what is the meaning of the following statement (from a software design engineer job ad)? "Application domain knowledge is essential and....." What is application domain? SDLC? My hope is to become a software engineer one day (OK, to be honest, more than that. I need to be a legend), that who do programming (They say this job has no programming). I am following final year of my Bsc(Hons) in computing and I have completed a foreign diploma, majoring software engineering - Java technologies. Will this job experience help me out to get a job in my desired position, which is mentioned above, after the degree? Wikipedia and google never gave a clear straight forward answer!! Please help!

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  • Pure virtual or abstract, what's in a name?

    - by Steven Jeuris
    While discussing a question about virtual functions on Stack Overflow, I wondered whether there was any official naming for pure (abstract) and non-pure virtual functions. I always relied on wikipedia for my information, which states that pure and non-pure virtual functions are the general term. Unfortunately, the article doesn't back it up with a origin or references. To quote Jon Skeet's answer to my reply that pure and non-pure are the general term used: @Steven: Hmm... possibly, but I've only ever seen it in the context of C++ before. I suspect anyone talking about them is likely to have a C++ background :) Did the terms originate from C++, or were they first defined or implemented in a earlier language, and are they the 'official' scientific terms?

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  • Liskov Substitution Principle and the Oft Forgot Third Wheel

    - by Stacy Vicknair
    Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) is a principle of object oriented programming that many might be familiar with from the SOLID principles mnemonic from Uncle Bob Martin. The principle highlights the relationship between a type and its subtypes, and, according to Wikipedia, is defined by Barbara Liskov and Jeanette Wing as the following principle:   Let be a property provable about objects of type . Then should be provable for objects of type where is a subtype of .   Rectangles gonna rectangulate The iconic example of this principle is illustrated with the relationship between a rectangle and a square. Let’s say we have a class named Rectangle that had a property to set width and a property to set its height. 1: Public Class Rectangle 2: Overridable Property Width As Integer 3: Overridable Property Height As Integer 4: End Class   We all at some point here that inheritance mocks an “IS A” relationship, and by gosh we all know square IS A rectangle. So let’s make a square class that inherits from rectangle. However, squares do maintain the same length on every side, so let’s override and add that behavior. 1: Public Class Square 2: Inherits Rectangle 3:  4: Private _sideLength As Integer 5:  6: Public Overrides Property Width As Integer 7: Get 8: Return _sideLength 9: End Get 10: Set(value As Integer) 11: _sideLength = value 12: End Set 13: End Property 14:  15: Public Overrides Property Height As Integer 16: Get 17: Return _sideLength 18: End Get 19: Set(value As Integer) 20: _sideLength = value 21: End Set 22: End Property 23: End Class   Now, say we had the following test: 1: Public Sub SetHeight_DoesNotAffectWidth(rectangle As Rectangle) 2: 'arrange 3: Dim expectedWidth = 4 4: rectangle.Width = 4 5:  6: 'act 7: rectangle.Height = 7 8:  9: 'assert 10: Assert.AreEqual(expectedWidth, rectangle.Width) 11: End Sub   If we pass in a rectangle, this test passes just fine. What if we pass in a square?   This is where we see the violation of Liskov’s Principle! A square might "IS A” to a rectangle, but we have differing expectations on how a rectangle should function than how a square should! Great expectations Here’s where we pat ourselves on the back and take a victory lap around the office and tell everyone about how we understand LSP like a boss. And all is good… until we start trying to apply it to our work. If I can’t even change functionality on a simple setter without breaking the expectations on a parent class, what can I do with subtyping? Did Liskov just tell me to never touch subtyping again? The short answer: NO, SHE DIDN’T. When I first learned LSP, and from those I’ve talked with as well, I overlooked a very important but not appropriately stressed quality of the principle: our expectations. Our inclination is to want a logical catch-all, where we can easily apply this principle and wipe our hands, drop the mic and exit stage left. That’s not the case because in every different programming scenario, our expectations of the parent class or type will be different. We have to set reasonable expectations on the behaviors that we expect out of the parent, then make sure that those expectations are met by the child. Any expectations not explicitly expected of the parent aren’t expected of the child either, and don’t register as a violation of LSP that prevents implementation. You can see the flexibility mentioned in the Wikipedia article itself: A typical example that violates LSP is a Square class that derives from a Rectangle class, assuming getter and setter methods exist for both width and height. The Square class always assumes that the width is equal with the height. If a Square object is used in a context where a Rectangle is expected, unexpected behavior may occur because the dimensions of a Square cannot (or rather should not) be modified independently. This problem cannot be easily fixed: if we can modify the setter methods in the Square class so that they preserve the Square invariant (i.e., keep the dimensions equal), then these methods will weaken (violate) the postconditions for the Rectangle setters, which state that dimensions can be modified independently. Violations of LSP, like this one, may or may not be a problem in practice, depending on the postconditions or invariants that are actually expected by the code that uses classes violating LSP. Mutability is a key issue here. If Square and Rectangle had only getter methods (i.e., they were immutable objects), then no violation of LSP could occur. What this means is that the above situation with a rectangle and a square can be acceptable if we do not have the expectation for width to leave height unaffected, or vice-versa, in our application. Conclusion – the oft forgot third wheel Liskov Substitution Principle is meant to act as a guidance and warn us against unexpected behaviors. Objects can be stateful and as a result we can end up with unexpected situations if we don’t code carefully. Specifically when subclassing, make sure that the subclass meets the expectations held to its parent. Don’t let LSP think you cannot deviate from the behaviors of the parent, but understand that LSP is meant to highlight the importance of not only the parent and the child class, but also of the expectations WE set for the parent class and the necessity of meeting those expectations in order to help prevent sticky situations.   Code examples, in both VB and C# Technorati Tags: LSV,Liskov Substitution Principle,Uncle Bob,Robert Martin,Barbara Liskov,Liskov

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  • Is there a “P” programming language? [closed]

    - by Synetech
    I’m wondering if anybody has made a programming language based on BCPL, named P. There was a language named B that was based on BCPL, followed of course by C, also based on BCPL. I’ve seen plenty of whimsically named programming languages, so I can’t help but be surprised if nobody made one called P. I checked the Wikipedia’s—not exactly comprehensive—list of programming languages, and while there are three languages named L (none of which are related to BCPL), there are none called P—in fact, it is one of the only letters not used as a name. (Google is useless for one-letter query terms.) Does anybody know if a P has been made, even as a lark. (Yes, I know about P#, but that is based on Prolog, not BCPL; there is one called P, but it is also not related to BCPL.)

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  • Should my URLs be lowercase?

    - by Rowan Freeman
    According to this blog ("Understanding SEO Friendly URL Syntax Practices") I should change http://example.com/Hello-Dolly To http://example.com/hello-dolly The reasons given are: URLs, in general, are case-sensitive it will simplify any case sensitive SEO and analytics reports According to this GIF that I found on Wikipedia's article on URL Normalization I should convert my URLs from any uppercase to all lowercase. However I use ASP.NET MVC4 and by default my URLs are structured like this (CamelCase): http://www.domain.com/Controller/Action/Parameter http://www.greatsite.com/Categories/List/Bicycles I've skimmed through the RFC1738 but I didn't see any definitive answers to this. Should I go out of my way to force the framework to change everything to lower case? Why did Microsoft choose to design their framework like this if everybody is telling me to use lowercase?

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  • Create bootable USB install image from command line?

    - by j-g-faustus
    I'm trying to create a bootable USB image to install Ubuntu on a new computer. I have done this before following the "create USB drive" instructions for Ubuntu desktop, but I don't have an Ubuntu desktop available. How can I do the same using only the command line? Things I've tried: Create bootable USB on Mac OS X following the ubuntu.com "create USB drive" instructions for Mac: Doesn't boot. usb-creator: According to apt-cache search usb-creator and Wikipedia usb-creator only exists as a graphical tool. "Create manually" instructions at help.ubuntu.com: None of the files and directories described (e.g. casper, filesystem.manifest, menu.lst) exist in the ISO image, and I don't know what has replaced them. (At my disposal is Mac OS X and Ubuntu server; I have neither Ubuntu desktop nor Windows.)

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  • Will I have an easier time learning OpenGL in Pygame or Pyglet? (NeHe tutorials downloaded)

    - by shadowprotocol
    I'm looking between PyGame and Pyglet, Pyglet seems to be somewhat newer and more Pythony, but it's last release according to Wikipedia is January '10. PyGame seems to have more documentation, more recent updates, and more published books/tutorials on the web for learning. I downloaded both the Pyglet and PyGame versions of the NeHe OpenGL tutorials (Lessons 1-10) which cover this material: lesson01 - Setting up the window lesson02 - Polygons lesson03 - Adding color lesson04 - Rotation lesson05 - 3D lesson06 - Textures lesson07 - Filters, Lighting, input lesson08 - Blending (transparency) lesson09 - 2D Sprites in 3D lesson10 - Moving in a 3D world What do you guys think? Is my hunch that I'll be better off working with PyGame somewhat warranted?

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  • Difference between extensible programming and extendible programming?

    - by loudandclear
    What exactly is the different between "extensible programming" and "extendible programming?" Wikipedia states the following: The Lisp language community remained separate from the extensible language community, apparently because, as one researcher observed, any programming language in which programs and data are essentially interchangeable can be regarded as an extendible [sic] language. ... this can be seen very easily from the fact that Lisp has been used as an extendible language for years. If I'm understanding this correctly, it says "Lisp is extendible implies Lisp is not extensible". So what do these two terms mean, and how do they differ?

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  • Why is there only one configuration management tool in the main repository?

    - by David
    How is it that Cfengine does not exist in the Ubuntu (10.04 LTS) Main Repository? I can't find a discussion of this anywhere (using Google). The only configuration management in Ubuntu Main seems to be Puppet. I looked for a wide variety of others as well - all from Wikipedia's list of configuration management tools - and none of them are present in Ubuntu main. I looked for bcfg2, opensymbolic, radmind, smartfrog, spacewalk, staf, synctool, chef - none are present. From my vantage point as a system administrator, I would have expected to find at least bcfg2, puppet, cfengine, and chef (as the most widely used tools). Why is cfengine (or chef and others) not included in Ubuntu main? Why is there only one configuration management tool in Ubuntu main? By the way - the reason this is important in the context of server administration is because Ubuntu main is fully supported by the Ubuntu team with updates and security updates; the other repositories are not.

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  • Is Google Closure a true compiler?

    - by James Allardice
    This question is inspired by the debate in the comments on this Stack Overflow question. The Google Closure Compiler documentation states the following (emphasis added): The Closure Compiler is a tool for making JavaScript download and run faster. It is a true compiler for JavaScript. Instead of compiling from a source language to machine code, it compiles from JavaScript to better JavaScript. However, Wikipedia gives the following definition of a "compiler": A compiler is a computer program (or set of programs) that transforms source code written in a programming language (the source language) into another computer language... A language rewriter is usually a program that translates the form of expressions without a change of language. Based on that, I would say that Google Closure is not a compiler. But the fact that Google explicitly state that it is in fact a "true compiler" makes me wonder if there's more to it. Is Google Closure really a JavaScript compiler?

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  • Unity Dash/Lens - Auto-completion based on recent search strings

    - by Anant
    Sometimes, I find myself typing the same (or quite similar) search strings inside a Unity Lens. So, I thought whether it's possible for the Lens to remember previous searches, and provide a drop-down menu of possible suggestions (based on the past) when I start typing my new query. With Lenses for sites like Wikipedia and DuckDuckGo, the search strings are getting longer, and this feature would lend a helping hand in filling out queries faster. This could be something applicable to all Lenses, with later versions allowing individual Lenses to run their own auto-completion algorithm.

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  • How do I simulate overprinting in Adobe Reader?

    - by Ben Everard
    On both Mac and Windows when I print a document there is an advanced screen that allows me to select an option called Simulate Overprinting, however such an option doesn't appear on the Ubuntu version. Wikipedia on overprinting: Overprinting refers to the process of printing one colour on top of another in reprographics. This is closely linked to the reprographic technique of 'trapping'. Another use of overprinting is to create a rich black (often regarded as a colour that is "blacker than black") by printing black over another dark colour. This is an issue for us, as we're trying to print documents that need flattening (this is what overprinting does). Am I missing something here, is there a way to enable overprinting on printed PDFs? Note: Please don't confuse simulate overprinting with overprint preview, of which doesn't apply when printing. Just to show you what I'm looking for, this is the Print > Advanced screen... And this is what I see on the Ubuntu screen, not no option for overprinting

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  • Should a view and a model communicate or not?

    - by Stefano Borini
    According to the wikipedia page for the MVC architecture, the view is free to be notified by the model, and is also free to query the model about its current state. However, according to Paul Hegarty's course on iOS 5 at Stanford, lecture 1, page 18 all interaction must go through the controller, with Model and View that are never supposed to know each other. It is not clear to me if Hegarty's statement must be intended as a simplification for the course, but I am tempted to say that he intends the design as such. How do you explain these two opposite points of view ?

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  • When should we use weak entities when modelling a database?

    - by Songo
    This is basically a question about what are weak entities? When should we use them? How should they be modeled? What is the main difference between normal entities and weak entities? Does weak entities correspond to value objects when doing Domain Driven Design? To help keep the question on topic here is an example taken from Wikipedia that people can use to answer these question: In this example OrderItem was modeled as a weak entity, but I can't understand why it can't be modeled as a normal entity. Another question is what if I want to track the order history (i.e. the changes in it status) would that be a normal or weak entity?

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  • What exactly is UV and UVW Mapping?

    - by Michael Stum
    Trying to understand some basic 3D concepts, at the moment I'm trying to figure out how textures actually work. I know that UV and UVW mapping are techniques that map 2D Textures to 3D Objects - Wikipedia told me as much. I googled for explanations but only found tutorials that assumed that I already know what it is. From my understanding, each 3D Model is made out of Points, and several points create a face? Does each point or face have a secondary coordinate that maps to a x/y position in the 2D Texture? Or how does unwrapping manipulate the model? Also, what does the W in UVW really do, what does it offer over UV? As I understand it, W maps to the Z coordinate, but in what situation would I have different textures for the same X/Y and different Z, wouldn't the Z part be invisible? Or am I completely misunderstanding this?

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  • What are graphs in laymen's terms

    - by Justin984
    What are graphs, in computer science, and what are they used for? In laymen's terms preferably. I have read the definition on Wikipedia: In computer science, a graph is an abstract data type that is meant to implement the graph and hypergraph concepts from mathematics. A graph data structure consists of a finite (and possibly mutable) set of ordered pairs, called edges or arcs, of certain entities called nodes or vertices. As in mathematics, an edge (x,y) is said to point or go from x to y. The nodes may be part of the graph structure, or may be external entities represented by integer indices or references. but I'm looking for a less formal, easier to understand definition.

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  • Does software rot refer primarily to performance, or to messy code?

    - by Kazark
    Wikipedia's definition of software rot focuses on the performance of the software. This is a different usage than I am used to; I had thought of it much more in terms of the cleanliness and design of the code—in terms of the code's having all the standard quality characteristics: readability, maintainability, etc. Now, performance is likely to go down when the code becomes unreadable, because no one knows what is going on. But does the term software rot have special reference to performance? or am I right in thinking it refers to the cleanliness of the code? or is this perhaps a case of multiple senses of the term being in common usage—from the user's perspective, it has do with performance; but for the software craftsman, it has to do more specifically with how the code reads?

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  • Why do operating systems do low level stuff in C and C++? Why not just C++?

    - by Cole Johnson
    On the Wikipedia page for Windows, it states the Windows is written in Assembly for the bootloader and task switcher, and C and C++ for kernel routines. This confuses me because AFAIK, you can call C++ functions from an extern "C"'d block as C++ is just C with extra features (all of which can be rewritten in C if you wanted to AFAIK). I can get using C for the kernel functions so pure C apps can use them (like printf and such), but if they can just be wrapped in an extern "C " block, then why code in C? So my question is: Why would a kernel be written in both C and C++ instead of just C++

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  • Abstract Data Type and Data Structure

    - by mark075
    It's quite difficult for me to understand these terms. I searched on google and read a little on Wikipedia but I'm still not sure. I've determined so far that: Abstract Data Type is a definition of new type, describes its properties and operations. Data Structure is an implementation of ADT. Many ADT can be implemented as the same Data Structure. If I think right, array as ADT means a collection of elements and as Data Structure, how it's stored in a memory. Stack is ADT with push, pop operations, but can we say about stack data structure if I mean I used stack implemented as an array in my algorithm? And why heap isn't ADT? It can be implemented as tree or an array.

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  • Physical effects of long term keyboard use- what does the science say and what factors affect it?

    - by glenatron
    This question asks about the ergonomics of a particular keyboard for long programming hours, what I would like to know is about the ergonomics of using a keyboard in general. What are the most significant risks associated with it and how can they best be mitigated? Do the "ergonomic" keyboard designs make a difference and if so which design is most effective? If not do other factors such as wrist-rests, regular exercise or having a suitable height of chair or desk make a difference? Do you have any direct experience of problems deriving from keyboard use and if so how did you resolve them? Is there any good science on this and if so what does it indicate? Edited to add: Wikipedia suggests that there are no proven advantages to "ergonomic" keyboards, but their citation seems pretty old- is that still the current state of play?

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  • How can I most efficiently communicate my personal code of ethics, and its implications?

    - by blueberryfields
    There is a lot to the definition of a professional. There are many questions here asking how to identify components of what is essentially a professional programmer - how do you identify or communicate expertise, specialization, high quality work, excellent skills in relation to the profession. I am specifically looking for methods to communicate a specific component, and I quote from wikipedia: A high standard of professional ethics, behavior and work activities while carrying out one's profession (as an employee, self-employed person, career, enterprise, business, company, or partnership/associate/colleague, etc.). The professional owes a higher duty to a client, often a privilege of confidentiality, as well as a duty not to abandon the client just because he or she may not be able to pay or remunerate the professional. Often the professional is required to put the interest of the client ahead of his own interests. How can I most efficiently communicate my professionalism, in the spirit of the quote above, to current and potential clients and employers?

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  • How to give credit about an image I display in my website?

    - by Erel Segal Halevi
    I looked for an image for decorating the main page of my website. I found a great image in Wikipedia. The license allows me to use the image, but, I must give credit to the creators (which includes their name and a link to their Flickr page). My question is: what is the best way to give credit about the image, such that the page design will not be harmed? In case it matters: my page is very simple - it contains only the image (floated right), a heading, a small amount of text, and some links. But, my question is more general and probably applies to many different websites.

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  • What method replaces GL_SELECT for box selection?

    - by Jake
    Last 2 weeks I started working on a box selection that selects shapes using GL_SELECT and I just got it working finally. When looking up resources online, there is a significant number of posts that say GL_SELECT is deprecated in OpenGL 3.0, but there is no mention of what had replace that function. I learnt OpenGL 1.2 in back in college 2 years back but checking wikipedia now, I realise we already have OpenGL 4.0 but I am unaware of what I need to do to keep myself up to date. So, in the meantime, what would be the latest preferred method for box selection? EDIT: I found http://www.khronos.org/files/opengl-quick-reference-card.pdf on page 5 this card still lists glRenderMode(GL_SELECT) as part of the OpenGL 3.2 reference.

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  • Building a Store Locator ASP.NET Application Using Google Maps API (Part 2)

    Last week's article, <a href="http://www.4guysfromrolla.com/articles/051910-1.aspx">Building a Store Locator ASP.NET Application Using Google Maps API (Part 1)</a>, was the first in a multi-part article series exploring how to add store locator-type functionality to your ASP.NET website using the free <a href="http://code.google.com/apis/maps/">Google Maps API</a>. Part 1 started with an examination of the database used to power the store locator, which contains a single table named <code>Stores</code> with columns capturing the store number, its address and its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latitude">latitude</a> and <a

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