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• A Question About the Expressive Power of Higher-Order Logical Reasoning Formalisms.

  - by Bubba88

  Hi! I do not really know if this is scientifically proven, but I've read in a book (It was a relatively modern AI book by Peter Norvig) that secon-order logical programming could be more expressive than existing first-order languages. The question is: Is it statistically/symbolically proven that higher-order predicate logics exceed first-order predicates in their expressive power? Or they just bring the modularity/convenience/maintainability to your knowledge bases? Additionally: If there is some kind of firm direction in which I could go seeking more expressive power than I have (I mean exactly the descriptive potential of the symbols I write in given semantics/syntax) - then I would be glad to hear just almost everything :) Thank you.

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• Can a Domain Specific Language (DSL) be localized?

  - by michielvoo

  I have never written a DSL, but I am considering it as a feature for a new project (hypothetical). It would be for end users to be able to express in natural language concepts such as weekdays between 10 and 11 except on the first monday of the month. Dutch users might write weekdagen tussen 10 en 11 behalve op de eerste maandag van de maand. In this case the position of the words seems to match, but there may be expressions where the position of verbs/nouns etc. could be different between languages. I realise the obvious answer (it depends). I am a .NET developer and I consider using Boo but I'm open to suggestions. I need to understand wether each translation requires rewriting a part of the implementation (which part) or if there is a way to do actual translations, maybe in some sort of preprocessor. Thanks!

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• Overcoming C limitations for large projects

  - by Francisco Garcia

  One aspect where C shows its age is the encapsulation of code. Many modern languages has classes, namespaces, packages... a much more convenient to organize code than just a simple "include". Since C is still the main language for many huge projects. How do you to overcome its limitations? I suppose that one main factor should be lots of discipline. I would like to know what you do to handle large quantity of C code, which authors or books you can recommend.

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• What's the standard way to organize the contents of Java packages -- specifically the location of in

  - by RenderIn

  I suppose this could go for many OO languages. I'm building my domain objects and am not sure where the best place is for the interfaces & abstract classes. If I have a pets package with various implementations of the APet abstract class: should it live side-by-side with them or in the parent package? How about interfaces? It seems like they almost have to live above the implementations in the parent package, since there could potentially be other subpackages which implement it, while there seems to be a stronger correlation between one abstract class and a subpackage. e.g. com.foo com.foo.IConsumer (interface) com.foo.APet (abstract) com.foo.pets.Dog extends APet implements IConsumer OR com.foo com.foo.IConsumer (interface) com.foo.pets.APet (abstract) com.foo.pets.Dog extends APet implements IConsumer or something else?

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• In what language was MSDOS originally written in?

  - by nebukadnezzar

  In what language was MSDOS originally written in? The Wikipedia Article implies either C, QBasic or Pascal, but: * C was invented to write UNIX, so I don't believe it was used to write MSDOS * Pascal seems popular to teach programming, but not really popular to write Operating systems in * QBasic didn't seem to be very popular for Operating Systems at the time MSDOS was developed (or was *BASIC ever very popular to write Operating Systems in it?) Except these three languages there is also Assembly, but I assume that Microsoft already switched from Assembly to a "higher" level language? Since C was originally invented for UNIX, I still wouldn't think Microsoft is using C... although the Microsoft API is written in C (I find this kind-of oxymoronic, actually). Can anyone enlighten me on this topic?

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• C++ HTML template framework, templatizing library, HTML generator library

  - by Marcin Gil

  I am looking for template/generator libraries for C++ that are similar to eg. Ruby's Erb, Haml, PHP's Smarty, etc. It would be great if I it would sport some basic features like loops, if/else, int conversion to strings, etc. Parameter passing to template rendering engine is also important if I could pass all of them in a hash map instead of calling some function for each of parameters. Do you have any recommendations? I can see also the possibility of embedding languages like Lua, however I haven't found a templatizing library for that either. Thanks!

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• Right recursive grammar or left recursive?

  - by user2485710

  I have little to no knowledge of what I'm about to ask, so I would like a suggestion based on the level of skills required to implemented a parser for the given grammar ( since I'm a beginner in this kind of formal approach to parsers and languages ). Just by going back of a couple of years, this situation reminds me a little of Pascal grammar vs C/C++ grammar, this left vs right stuff. But I'm not going to do any of that, my purpose is to implement a simple parser for a markup language for documents like Markdown. So considering that I'm starting with a markup language in mind, I want to keep things simple, which is the easiest one to handle between this 2 options and why . Another kind of grammar could be an easier option for me ? If yes which one do you suggest ?

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• How to generate one large dependency map for the whole project that builds with makefiles?

  - by Stan

  I have a gigantic project that is built using makefiles. Running make at the root of the project takes over 20 minutes when no files have changed (i.e. just traversing the project and checking for updated files). I'd like to create a dependency map that will tell me which directories I need to run 'make' in based on the file(s) changed. I already have a list of updated files that I can get from my version control system, and I'd like to skip the 20 minutes of traversing and get straight to the locations that do need to be recompiled. The project has a mix of several languages and custom tools, so this would ideally be language-independent (i.e. it would only process all makefiles to generate dependencies). I'll settle for a C/C++-specific solution, too, as the majority of the project is in C++. The project is built on Linux.

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• Hidden Features and Dark Corners of STL?

  - by Andrei

  C++ developers, all know the basics of C++: Declarations, conditionals, loops, operators, etc. Some of us even mastered the stuff like templates, object model, complex I/O, etc. But what are the most hidden features or tricks or dark corners of C++/STL that even C++ fans, addicts, and experts barely know? I am talking about a seasoned C++ programmer (be she/he a developer, student, fan, all three, etc), who thinks (s)he knows something 99% of us never heard or dreamed about. Something that not only makes his/her work easier, but also cool and hackish. After all, C++ is one of the most used programming languages in the world, thus it should have intricacies that only a few privileged know about and want to share with us. Boost is welcome too! One per post with an example please P.S Examples are important for other developers to copy and paste!

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• Dual-line bilingual paragraph in LaTeX

  - by D W

  An interlinear gloss can be used to layout a translation of a document. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlinear_gloss Usually this is done word-by-word or morpheme-by-morpheme. However, I would like to do this in a different way, translating entire paragraphs at a time. http://www.optimnem.co.uk/learning/spanish/three-little-pigs.php For now I am not interested in taking into account the order of words or phrases that change order between languages. That is, I don't mind if the words in the paragraph are not aligned or if the length of one paragraph is much longer than the other, causing an overhanging line. As far as I can tell, the following packages do not meet my needs: covingtn.sty cgloss4e.sty gb4e.sty lingmacros.sty - shortex

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• R mlbench exapmle

  - by Johan B.

  I heard R is the "de facto" language amongst statistical software developers, and I'm giving it a try. I already know the basics, but it still looks "weird" to me (a C developer). I think it would be very useful to see a working example to see how a real R program is built. I thought that an R solution for any of the mlbench problems would be optimal, because I'm already familiar with it and it would allow me to compare it to other languages, but any other "toy problem" example is welcome. Thank you.

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• How to structure a multilingual website for search engines?

  - by Nirmal

  I have this website which decides on the display language by a GET parameter. http://www.mysite.com/index.php?page=home&locale=en which is rewritten as http://www.mysite.com/en/home When no language is specified, the system defaults to English (en). Now how do I tell the search engines that many versions of the website exist? When the search bot enters the site, it will trigger the default English Language and after finishing, will just leave the site without considering other languages. I can very well have a sitemap with links to the default pages of each language, so the bot can navigate from there. But how do I say the bot that the entry in the sitemap is the home page for that language? Like if someone searches for 'mi sitio', they should be presented with the result http://www.mysite.com/es/home and not some other internal page. Any light on this? Thanks.

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• In what language was MSDOS originally written?

  - by nebukadnezzar

  In what language was MSDOS originally written in? The Wikipedia Article implies either C, QBasic or Pascal, but: C was invented to write UNIX, so I don't believe it was used to write MSDOS Pascal seems popular to teach programming, but not really popular to write Operating systems in QBasic didn't seem to be very popular for Operating Systems at the time MSDOS was developed (or was *BASIC ever very popular to write Operating Systems in it?) Except these three languages there is also Assembly, but I assume that Microsoft already switched from Assembly to a "higher" level language? Since C was originally invented for UNIX, I still wouldn't think Microsoft is using C... although the Microsoft API is written in C (I find this kind-of oxymoronic, actually). Can anyone enlighten me on this topic?

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• Is there a lightweight multipart/form-data parser in C or C++?

  - by Hongli

  I'm looking at integrating multipart form-data parsing in a web server module so that I can relieve backend web applications (often written in dynamic languages) from parsing the multipart data themselves. The multipart grammar (RFC 2046) looks non-trivial and if I implement it by hand a lot of things can go wrong. Is there already a good, lightweight multipart/form-data parser written in C or C++? I'm looking for one with no external dependencies other than the C or C++ standard library. I don't need email attachment handling or buffered I/O classes or a portability runtime or whatever, just multipart/form-data parsing. Things that I've considered: GMime - depends on glib, so no go. libapreq - too large, depends on APR, badly documented, no unit tests. I've also looked at writing a parser with Ragel, but I can't figure out how to do it because the grammar is not static: the boundary can change arbitrarily.

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• Why the "mutable default argument fix" syntax is so ugly, asks python newbie

  - by Cawas

  Now following my series of "python newbie questions" and based on another question. Go to http://python.net/~goodger/projects/pycon/2007/idiomatic/handout.html#other-languages-have-variables and scroll down to "Default Parameter Values". There you can find the following: def bad_append(new_item, a_list=[]): a_list.append(new_item) return a_list def good_append(new_item, a_list=None): if a_list is None: a_list = [] a_list.append(new_item) return a_list So, question here is: why is the "good" syntax over a known issue ugly like that in a programming language that promotes "elegant syntax" and "easy-to-use"? Why not just something in the definition itself, that the "argument" name is attached to a "localized" mutable object like: def better_append(new_item, a_list=[].local): a_list.append(new_item) return a_list I'm sure there would be a better way to do this syntax, but I'm also almost positive there's a good reason to why it hasn't been done. So, anyone happens to know why?

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• How can I write a power function myself?

  - by Koning WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW

  Since I was 12, I was always wondering how I can make a function which calculates the power (e.g. 23) myself. In most languages these are included in the standard library, mostly as pow(double x, double y), but how can I write it myself? I was thinking about for loops, but it think my brain got in a loop (when I wanted to do a power with a non-integer exponent, like 54.5 or negatives 2-21) and I went crazy ;) So, how can I write a function which calculates the power of a real number? Thanks

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• urlrewriter.net page not executed

  - by peter

  Hello, I'm having some problems with the module urlrewriter.net for ASP.NET. I have a multilingual site with a URL like this; ~/home.aspx To support languages I use this rewrite rule; <rewrite url="~/de-DE/(.*)" to="~/$1"></rewrite> Then in my code I get the de-DE part and set the right culture for the current thread. All of this works well. After I login on the website I get a message "Hello, user x" to show i'm logged in. When navigating to another page, it doesn't display this message anymore and it seems like the page comes from the cache or something with the old (not logged in) data. Also, when I attach the debugger, nothing is executed for this request. If I visit the page like ~/home.aspx instead of ~/de-DE/home.aspx, does problem does not occur. What could be the problem here? Thanks

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• Relevance of 'public' constructor in abstract class.

  - by Amby

  Is there any relevance of a 'public' constructor in an abstract class? I can not think of any possible way to use it, in that case shouldn't it be treated as error by compiler (C#, not sure if other languages allow that). Sample Code: internal abstract class Vehicle { public Vehicle() { } } The C# compiler allows this code to compile, while there is no way i can call this contructor from the outside world. It can be called from derived classes only. So shouldn't it allow 'protected' and 'private' modifiers only. Please comment.

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• Great computer-science speeches

  - by sub

  I've looked into some questions here where the "best" programming books are listed and then thought why there isn't a question concerning speeches yet. I think that speeches or presentations from developers or even creators of programming languages which were or are heavily used at some point are particulary interesting. One of my favorite speeches was recommended to me by someone here on SO: The future of C# I also like Guido van Rossum's speeches but he sometimes seems pretty nervous. Another in my opinion good presentation would be the Google tech talk about Go. Which (recorded) programming presentations/speeches are worth watching? edit: Made this a community wiki as the answer would probably be a pretty long list.

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• XSD traversal in VIM

  - by maayank

  I use VIM as my text editor and I edit a lot of XML and WSDL files. WSDL files have an XSD section. Is there some VIM plugin I can use to traverse the XSD types? i.e., if I have the following line and the caret is where the '|' sign is: <xsd:element minOccurs="0" name="FooName" type="Magic|FooType"/> and I press Ctrl+Alt+Foo (or some other magic combo) it will get me to the definition of MagicFooType, i.e.: <xsd:complexType name="MagicFooType"> I couldn't find how to use ctags for this and all the other plugins that I could find are for imperative languages (i.e. Java). Is there some plugin/script to do the job?

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• my NSDateFormatter works only in the iPhone simulator

  - by Manuel Spuhler

  I use a NSDateFormatter which works fine in the simulator, but I get a nil when I run it in the iPhone. I hardcoded the date to be sure of the format, but it fails anyway. NSString *strPubDate = @"Fri, 8 May 2009 08:08:35 GMT"; NSDateFormatter *dateFormatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init]; [dateFormatter setFormatterBehavior:NSDateFormatterBehavior10_4]; [dateFormatter setDateFormat:@"EEE, d MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss Z"]; NSDate *myDate = [dateFormatter dateFromString:strPubDate]; I tried with different region settings, languages etc. on the iPhone. Any idea what is going wrong?

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• Do I have to create a static library to test my application?

  - by Christopher Gateley

  I'm just getting started with TDD and am curious as to what approaches others take to run their tests. For reference, I am using the google testing framework, but I believe the question is applicable to most other testing frameworks and to languages other than C/C++. My general approach so far has been to do either one of three things: Write the majority of the application in a static library, then create two executables. One executable is the application itself, while the other is the test runner with all of the tests. Both link to the static library. Embed the testing code directly into the application itself, and enable or disable the testing code using compiler flags. This is probably the best approach I've used so far, but clutters up the code a bit. Embed the testing code directly into the application itself, and, given certain command-line switches either run the application itself or run the tests embedded in the application. None of these solutions are particularly elegant... How do you do it?

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• Solutions for redundant server and client code?

  - by Fragsworth

  In our system, the code which exists on the client side (in Flash and Javascript) mirrors the code that exists on the server side (e.g. in Python or PHP), normally with respect to the models, the methods available for those models, and the unit tests written for them. This becomes a problem in systems where you want to minimize data transfer (e.g. multiplayer games). I do not want to write the same code and unit tests redundantly for both the client and server, but I don't know of any standard solutions to deal with this. Basically, I want a language/compiler which can produce models and methods for three main languages: Actionscript, Javascript, and any server language. Does something like this exist?

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• Backup AWS Dynamodb to S3

  - by Ali

  It has been suggested on Amazon docs http://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/ among other places, that you can backup your dynamodb tables using Elastic Map Reduce, I have a general understanding of how this could work but I couldn't find any guides or tutorials on this, So my question is how can I automate dynamodb backups (using EMR)? So far, I think I need to create a "streaming" job with a map function that reads the data from dynamodb and a reduce that writes it to S3 and I believe these could be written in Python (or java or a few other languages). Any comments, clarifications, code samples, corrections are appreciated.

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• Frameworks And 'traditional' coding

  - by YsoL8

  Hello Sorry if this too open ended for this forum, but here goes. I mostly use languages such as PHP and Javascript without frameworks (e.g Jquery, Drupal, CakePHP). The only real exception to this for me, is Wordpress when 'traditional' coding is slower for building information sites. I've dabbled with several frameworks over the past year and despite everyone else's (seemingly) good experiences with them, I seem to of hit a roadblock. My basic problem is that for the amount of time invested in effectively relearning a language, I don't get a lot in return. Jqeury as an example. There is really very little in that, that I couldn't accomplish easily with a few getElement.. commands. So my question is, what advantages do frameworks offer over previous coding styles? Thanks from 2003 guy!

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