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• How to subnet hosted VMs

  - by bwizzy

  I have a network of VMs each having a LAN IP address and a public IP address. They each have a 1:1 NAT map for public access via the public IP for HTTP, SSH etc. I'm trying to figure out a way to restrict the LAN IPs from talking to each other, but there are some cases where a group of LAN IPs will need to communicate. I'm using pfSense as a firewall / router on a 192.168.0.0/24 configuration. It seems like I could assign each VM it's own subnet and add a static route to the firewall for that VM to get back to the firewall for internet access / other fw rules. Is that right? I assigned 1 VM with: address 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.254 gateway 192.168.1.1 Then added a static route on the FW's LAN interface using 192.168.1.0/30 as the destination network and 192.168.1.1 as the gateway. Nothing appears to be working, anyone have any ideas? Please be aware I'm not that familiar with subnets. Thanks!

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• Cisco ASA 8.2 ACL For NAT

  - by javano

  Sadly I have gone back in time to ASA 8.2(5)33 which I am not so familiar with. I have configured NAT between two interfaces but traffic isn't passing becasue I can't get the ACL to work; (The full config which isn't very big is here but to keep this post tidy I have just pasted the important parts below); interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 108 ! interface Ethernet0/6 switchport access vlan 104 ! interface Ethernet0/7 switchport access vlan 105 ! interface Vlan104 description BUILDING2 nameif BUILDING2 security-level 0 ip address 10.104.0.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan105 description BUILDING1 nameif BUILDING1 security-level 0 ip address 10.105.0.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan108 description Main LAN VLAN nameif lan security-level 0 ip address 172.22.0.215 255.255.255.0 ! object-group network obj_net_Remote_Hosts network-object host 111.111.111.3 network-object host 111.111.111.65 object-group network obj_host_pc1_eth1 network-object host 10.104.0.111 object-group network obj_host_pc2_eth1 network-object host 10.104.0.112 object-group network obj_host_pc3_eth1 network-object host 10.104.0.106 object-group network obj_host_pc4_eth1 network-object host 10.104.0.107 object-group network obj_net_PCs description IPs of PCs group-object obj_host_pc1_eth1 group-object obj_host_pc2_eth1 group-object obj_host_pc3_eth1 group-object obj_host_pc4_eth1 access-list acl_NAT_pc1_91 extended permit tcp host 10.104.0.111 host 111.111.111.3 eq 8101 access-list acl_Permit_PCs extended permit tcp object-group obj_net_PCs object-group obj_net_Remote_Hosts eq 8101 ! global (BUILDING1) 11 111.111.222.91 netmask 255.255.255.255 nat (BUILDING2) 11 access-list acl_NAT_pc1_91 access-group acl_Permit_PCs in interface BUILDING2 route BUILDING1 111.111.111.3 255.255.255.255 10.105.0.2 1 route BUILDING1 111.111.111.65 255.255.255.255 10.105.0.2 1 When I try and connect from PC1 to ip 111.111.111.3 I see the following error logged on the ASA console; %ASA-2-106001: Inbound TCP connection denied from 10.104.0.111/38495 to 111.111.111.3/8101 flags SYN on interface blades What the duce!

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• Fixed and dynamic IPs in ISC DHPD lead to double lease

  - by GorillaPatch

  I would like to have a small dynamic adress part and the most clients are assigned a fixed IP adress. My dhcpd.conf looks like this: use-host-decl-names on; authoritative; allow client-updates; ddns-updates on; # Einstellungen fuer DHCP leases default-lease-time 3600; max-lease-time 86400; lease-file-name "/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases"; subnet 192.168.11.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { ddns-updates on; pool { # IP range which will be assigned statically range 192.168.11.1 192.168.11.240; deny all clients; } pool { # small dynamic range range 192.168.11.241 192.168.11.254; # used for temporary devices } } group { host pc1 { hardware ethernet xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx; fixed-address 192.168.11.11; } } The motivation for the pool declaration with deny all hosts comes from the ISC DHCPD homepage http://www.isc.org/files/auth.html This will allow hosts to be first added to the network, where they will receive a temporary IP from the 241-254 adress range and then later write an explicit host declaration. Upon next connect it will receive the right configuration. The problem is that I am getting error messages that 192.168.11.13 has a dynamic and a static lease. I am a bit confused as I expected the pool declaration with deny all clients would not count as dynamic. Dynamic and static leases present for 192.168.11.13. Remove host declaration pc1 or remove 192.168.11.13 from the dynamic address pool for 192.168.11.0/24 Is there a way to have the DHCP server send an DHCPNA to clients if they have a host statement and retain this dynamic range?

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• Ubuntu second static IP, ifconfig, /etc/network/interfaces

  - by Schmoove

  I would like to add a second static IP to my local Ubuntu 11.10 desktop machine and have it automatically available after rebooting. So far I am successfully using ifconfig to to temporarily set up an alias for my primary network interface: # ifconfig eth1:0 192.168.178.3 up # ifconfig eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr c8:60:00:ef:a3:d9 inet addr:192.168.178.2 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::ca60:ff:feef:a3d9/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:61929 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:64034 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:45330863 (45.3 MB) TX bytes:28175192 (28.1 MB) Interrupt:42 Base address:0x4000 eth1:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr c8:60:00:ef:a3:d9 inet addr:192.168.178.3 Bcast:192.168.178.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:42 Base address:0x4000 However, when I add the following to /etc/network/interfaces, the alias is not up and running as expected after a reboot: # vi /etc/network/interfaces auto eth1:0 iface eth1:0 inet static address 192.168.178.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 I would like to know what to configure to get this to work. As a side note, I am running gnome shell.

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• Ubuntu Laptop as a wireless hotspot on bridge mode

  - by nixnotwin

  I have a wired router to which my ubuntu laptop connects via ethernet. The wierless NIC of the laptop acts as a wireless hotspot on master mode. I use hostapd fo this. I have bridged eth0 and wlan0, so my wireless clients that connect to my laptop over wifi get ip from the wired router via dhcp, so the devices get registered at the wired router ( and the laptop is just an access point). I use the following commands to get my laptop+accesspoint working: sudo brctl addbr br0 sudo brctl addif br0 eth0 sudo hostapd /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf & sudo dhclient -d br0 & sudo ifconfig wlan0 192.168.1.15 netmask 255.255.255.0 up sudo brctl addif br0 wlan0 These commands enable me to access internet on my wireless clients and also on the laptop which is acting as wireless accesspoint. But if I reboot the wired router (without rebooting the laptop that is acting as accesspoint), Internet access on the laptop+accesspoint gets lost, but on wireless clients it works fine. Even I have not been able to figure out a command which will reset the laptop interfaces to default settings, so everytime the router reboots, I have to reboot the laptop too to get into default settings so that I can re-enter the above mentioned commands. My first question is How can I have my bridge+accesspoint up and running even-though the router reboots? And is there a command to set the interfaces to a default state? (ifdown -a doesn't work, after issuing the command the bridge still remained).

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• Ubuntu Laptop as a wireless hotspot on bridge mode

  - by nixnotwin

  I have a wired router to which my ubuntu laptop connects via ethernet. The wierless NIC of the laptop acts as a wireless hotspot on master mode. I use hostapd fo this. I have bridged eth0 and wlan0, so my wireless clients that connect to my laptop over wifi get ip from the wired router via dhcp, so the devices get registered at the wired router ( and the laptop is just an access point). I use the following commands to get my laptop+accesspoint working: sudo brctl addbr br0 sudo brctl addif br0 eth0 sudo hostapd /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf & sudo dhclient -d br0 & sudo ifconfig wlan0 192.168.1.15 netmask 255.255.255.0 up sudo brctl addif br0 wlan0 These commands enable me to access internet on my wireless clients and also on the laptop which is acting as wireless accesspoint. But if I reboot the wired router (without rebooting the laptop that is acting as accesspoint), Internet access on the laptop+accesspoint gets lost, but on wireless clients it works fine. Even I have not been able to figure out a command which will reset the laptop interfaces to default settings, so everytime the router reboots, I have to reboot the laptop too to get into default settings so that I can re-enter the above mentioned commands. My first question is How can I have my bridge+accesspoint up and running even-though the router reboots? And is there a command to set the interfaces to a default state? (ifdown -a doesn't work, after issuing the command the bridge still remained).

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• Debian/Ubuntu - No network connection

  - by leviathanus

  I have a very weird situation on my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Server. I can not access (ping) my gateway, although I believe my config is ok - I attach the outputs. Any hints where to look? (I changed the beginning of the IP to something different, just obfuscation) ping 5.9.10.129 PING 5.9.10.129 (5.9.10.129) 56(84) bytes of data. From 5.9.10.129 (5.9.10.129) icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 5.9.10.129 (5.9.10.129) icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 5.9.10.129 (5.9.10.129) icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable uname -r 3.2.0-29-generic ifconfig eth0 eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 3c:97:0e:0e:54:d7 inet addr:5.9.10.142 Bcast:5.9.10.159 Mask:255.255.255.224 inet6 addr: fe80::8e70:5aff:feda:c4ac/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1216 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:490 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:107470 (107.4 KB) TX bytes:34344 (34.3 KB) Interrupt:17 Memory:d2500000-d2520000 ip route default via 5.9.10.129 dev eth0 metric 100 5.9.10.128/27 via 5.9.10.129 dev eth0 5.9.10.128/27 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 5.9.10.142 route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 5.9.10.129 0.0.0.0 UG 1000 0 0 eth0 5.9.10.128 5.9.10.129 255.255.255.224 UG 0 0 0 eth0 5.9.10.128 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.224 U 0 0 0 eth0 iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination UPD: Eric, this is how routing information looks on a working server: 0.0.0.0 78.47.198.49 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 78.47.198.48 78.47.198.49 255.255.255.240 UG 0 0 0 eth0 78.47.198.48 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth0 As I understand it, Hetzner tries to ensure security by this, so I can not take over an IP by changing my MAC. But this is another server, which has another netmask (255.255.255.240) UPD2: BatchyX, on the working server: 78.47.198.49 dev eth0 src 78.47.198.60 cache on the broken: 5.9.10.129 dev eth0 src 5.9.10.142 cache

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• Cannot connect to windows server by name over vpn connection

  - by ErocM

  I have a rented dedicated windows server on a public ip that is acting as a SQL Server and VPN server. I need to connect to this server via computer name to get replication in place. I cannot use an ip address due to this issue: So, due to this, we are going the VPN route. That is my primary issue: After I am connected to this server's vpn, I can connect to SQL Server using the ip address but I cannot connect by the computer's name as you can see below... Right now, there is no hardware firewall on it since I had it removed to test this issue. I am running Windows 2008 Enterprise Server as the VPN server. I am not sure if the route print will help any from the workstation trying to connect but here is the info: IPv4 Route Table Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2 21 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.0.0.2 276 Any other info needed? Thanks for the help! ========= CLARIFICATION ON A FEW THINGS #1 ========= This is the server's info: This is the workstation that is trying to connect: I connect to the server via "Control Panel\Network and Internet\Network and Sharing Center\Connect or Disconnect" You can see here that I am connected: ========= CLARIFICATION ON A FEW THINGS #2 ========= I've tried to connect directly to the Sql Server as I did above but with the computers name and I couldn't get to it. Here I am trying to net view it from the workstation and it couldn't find it:

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• How to make a static route when using two internet connections?

  - by webmasters

  I have asked a question here on how to choose which applications will use a 3G internet connection and which applications will use the LAN. User harrymc gave a very complete and interesting answer, pointing that this is possible using static routes for certain websites. Now, lets say I want to access google.com only through my 3G internet connection. How would that static root look like? google has the IP: 173.194.39.180 here is a print of my route table, the 3G Modem has the IP: 10.81.132.96 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ IPv4 Route Table ¦ ¦ =========================================================================== ¦ ¦ Active Routes: ¦ ¦ Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric ¦ ¦ 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.102 20 ¦ ¦ 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.81.132.97 10.81.132.111 286 ¦ ¦ 10.81.132.96 255.255.255.224 On-link 10.81.132.111 286 ¦ ¦ 10.81.132.111 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.81.132.111 286 ¦ ¦ 10.81.132.127 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.81.132.111 286 ¦ ¦ 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 ¦ ¦ 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 ¦ ¦ 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 ¦ ¦ 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.2.102 276 ¦ ¦ 192.168.2.102 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.2.102 276 ¦ ¦ 192.168.2.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.2.102 276 ¦ ¦ 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 ¦ ¦ 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.2.102 276 ¦ ¦ 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 10.81.132.111 286 ¦ ¦ 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 ¦ ¦ 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.2.102 276 ¦ ¦ 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.81.132.111 286 ¦ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

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• Why can't I bind to 127.0.0.1 on Mac OS X?

  - by Noah Lavine

  Hello, I'm trying to set up a simple web server on Mac OS X, and I keep getting an error when I run bind. Here's what I'm running (this transcript uses GNU Guile, but just as a convenient interface to posix). (define addr (inet-aton "127.0.0.1")) ; get internal representation of 127.0.0.1 (define sockaddr (make-socket-address AF_INET addr 8080)) ; make a struct sockaddr (define sock (socket PF_INET SOCK_STREAM 0)) ; make a socket (bind sock sockaddr) ; bind the socket to the address That gives me the error In procedure bind: can't assign requested address. So I tried it again allowing any address. (define anyaddr (make-socket-address AF_INET INADDR_ANY 8080)) ; allow any address (bind sock anyaddr) And that works fine. But it's weird, because ifconfig lo0 says lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 So the loopback device is assigned to 127.0.0.1. So my question is, why can't I bind to that address? Thanks. Update: the output of route get 127.0.0.1 is route to: localhost destination: localhost interface: lo0 flags: <UP,HOST,DONE,LOCAL> recvpipe sendpipe ssthresh rtt,msec rttvar hopcount mtu expire 49152 49152 0 0 0 0 16384 0

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• Debian can't connect to internet using LAN

  - by tampe125

  I have a headless Raspberry Pi using Debian Wheezy. I have a wifi dongle and if I connect my Raspberry using it, everything works fine: I can connect to the Internet, I can ping, I can update. However, if I get down my wifi and set up the lan interface, I lost my internet connection. I still can connect to it locally, using my laptop, but the connection doesn't exit (ie ping is not working). Some useful info: cat /etc/network/interfaces auto lo auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.0.105 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.0.1 ping www.google.com (nothing request timed out) ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:27:eb:a2:b5:20 inet addr:192.168.0.105 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1130 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1116 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:97223 (94.9 KiB) TX bytes:146140 (142.7 KiB) ping 192.168.0.1 PING 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.0.1 ping statistics --- 19 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 18007ms cat /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 8.8.8.8 netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface default 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 well, I think that's all... Any ideas?

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• Debian can't connect to internet using LAN

  - by tampe125

  I have a headless Raspberry Pi using Debian Wheezy. I have a wifi dongle and if I connect my Raspberry using it, everything works fine: I can connect to the Internet, I can ping, I can update. However, if I get down my wifi and set up the lan interface, I lost my internet connection. I still can connect locally, using my laptop, but the connection doesn't exit (ie ping is not working). Some useful info: cat /etc/network/interfaces auto lo auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.0.105 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.0.1 ping www.google.com (nothing request timed out) ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:27:eb:a2:b5:20 inet addr:192.168.0.105 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1130 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1116 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:97223 (94.9 KiB) TX bytes:146140 (142.7 KiB) ping 192.168.0.1 PING 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.0.1 ping statistics --- 19 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 18007ms cat /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 8.8.8.8 netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface default 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 well, I think that's all... Any ideas?

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• Keepalived for more than 20 virtual addresses

  - by cvaldemar

  I have set up keepalived on two Debian machines for high availability, but I've run into the maximum number of virtual IP's I can assign to my vrrp_instance. How would I go about configuring and failing over 20+ virtual IP's? This is the, very simple, setup: LB01: 10.200.85.1 LB02: 10.200.85.2 Virtual IPs: 10.200.85.100 - 10.200.85.200 Each machine is also running Apache (later Nginx) binding on the virtual IPs for SSL client certificate termination and proxying to backend webservers. The reason I need so many VIP's is the inability to use VirtualHost on HTTPS. This is my keepalived.conf: vrrp_script chk_apache2 { script "killall -0 apache2" interval 2 weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { interface eth0 state MASTER virtual_router_id 51 priority 101 virtual_ipaddress { 10.200.85.100 . . all the way to . 10.200.85.200 } An identical configuration is on the BACKUP machine, and it's working fine, but only up to the 20th IP. I have found a HOWTO discussing this problem. Basically, they suggest having just one VIP and routing all traffic "via" this one IP, and "all will be well". Is this a good approach? I'm running pfSense firewalls in front of the machines. Quote from the above link: ip route add $VNET/N via $VIP or route add $VNET netmask w.x.y.z gw $VIP Thanks in advance. EDIT: @David Schwartz said it would make sense to add a route, so I tried adding a static route to the pfSense firewall, but that didn't work as I expected it would. pfSense route: Interface: LAN Destination network: 10.200.85.200/32 (virtual IP) Gateway: 10.200.85.100 (floating virtual IP) Description: Route to VIP .100 I also made sure I had packet forwarding enabled on my hosts: $ cat /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind=1 Am I doing this wrong? I also removed all VIPs from the keepalived.conf so it only fails over 10.200.85.100.

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• How is route automatic metric calculated on Windows 7?

  - by e-t172

  KB299540 explains how Windows XP automatically assign metrics to IP routes: The following table outlines the criteria that is used to assign metrics for routes that are bound to network interfaces of various speeds. Greater than 200 Mb: 10 Greater than 20 Mb, and less than or equal to 200 Mb: 20 Greater than 4 Mb, and less than or equal to 20 Mb: 30 Greater than 500 kilobits (Kb), and less than or equal to 4 Mb: 40 Less than or equal to 500 Kb: 50 However, they seem to have changed their algorithm in Windows 7, as my routing table looks like this: IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.3 10 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.202.254.254 10.202.1.2 286 10.202.0.0 255.255.0.0 On-link 10.202.1.2 286 10.202.1.2 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.202.1.2 286 10.202.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.202.1.2 286 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.0.3 266 192.168.0.3 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.3 266 192.168.0.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.3 266 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.0.3 266 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 10.202.1.2 286 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.202.1.2 40 =========================================================================== The only "correct" metric is the first one (Gigabit connection = 10). However, other routes using the Gigabit connection have metric = 266, my VPN has metric = 286, and loopback is 306 (?!). Any idea what's going on?

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• XenServer VMs can't reach network

  - by toto

  I'm currently trying to setup a small cloud architecture , I'm using in the installation CloudStack 2.2.14 which need two node : a management server (as node1) to provision the cloud and a hyperviser XenServer 5.6 SP2 to host the VMs (as node2). I succeded to create both node1 and node2 into an ESXi 5 VMWare as VMs. So The ESXi 5 is hosting two VMs node1 + node2 , and node2 which is the XenServer will host also VMs (such as ubuntu or Centos). Both node1 and node2 can ping each other and can get the internet connection from Esxi5 ,but My problem is : that VMs into the node2(XenServer) can't reach the network (can't ping node1 or Esxi or get an internet connection but they can ping VMs IN the node2(XenServer). So I tried to: 1-Setup a DHCP server as node3 in ESXi5 and connect node2(Xenserver) to him , but always the VMs into to node2 can't reach the outer network. 2-Setup a DCHP server into node2 , but always the same problem. So , 1-is there any other configuration i'm missing in node2 (considering that I'm sure about DNS , GW , NETMASK configuration)?. 2-Is it the problem because i'm Creating VMs into node2(XenSever) which is a VM into ESXi 5 ?

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• how to setup a bridge with 2 NICs and few virtual machines

  - by Bond

  Here is my situation. I have a server with 2 NICs. I have installed virtual box and I have created a few Guest Operating Systems on it. I want these Virtual Machines to be using a bridge.NIC2 would be used to setup this bridge and NIC1 would be connected to corporate network.I am not clear with how should I go on doing this. /etc/network/interfaces is the file which I am trying to modify etc. My approach is following 1) Define a configuration file /etc/network/interfaces 2) Create IPTABLES as how NIC1 will forward the packets to Bridge on NIC2 Now comes the problem I do not understand what is the meaning of following lines in the configuration file auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth2 iface eth2 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.168.1.14 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 gateway 192.168.1.10 # dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed dns-nameservers 192.168.13.2 dns-search myserver.net bridge_ports eth2 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off So any pointers to what should be the entries of /etc/network/interfaces file. So that I understand which parameter is to be used when and where that would help me.

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• Rate limiting bandwidth per IP

  - by Yohan

  First, I am not that good with computer. I even had problem with Windows PC. Right now I own a restaurant which happened to offer free internet. My ISP has my connection setup using a Ubuntu 11.1 box. IP Address is 192.168.1.16 with netmask 255.255.0.0, dns is 192.168.1.1 and gateway is 192.168.1.1. My problem is that my customers complains all day about slow network. When I received that kind of complain, the first thing came to my mind is to scout my area and find out who is the culprit, and ask him not to waste our bandwidth. Now, it is getting bored scouting people around, and I need to implement to my Linux box to limit bandwidth. I don't care if their provider can't be faster, but I want to limit 70kbit for each person. More annoying are people who use flashget and torrents. Usually they consume the biggest bandwidth. My question, how can I limit that? Please guide me in easy way. I've spent few days reading tc documents but doesn't understand a thing. I am using Ubuntu 11.10 Basically, I want all my customer get 70kbps each, no matter what.

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• dhcp3-server (dhcpd) is tampering with host NIC

  - by user61000

  Hi all, I have a debian box that is serving as a router (using iptables NAT). When first turned on, everything works fine for a few minutes. Then the dhcp server assigns an IP (other than 192.168.0.1) to its' host NIC, eth0. This is NOT what I want. I just want dhcp3-server to listen on eth0, not assign it an IP, and changes the kernel routing table. This of course ruins the NAT capablities of the box. How can I tell the dhcp3-server NOT to do this? Thanks Before dhcp3-server tampers with eth0, the IP is 192.168.0.1, and the routing table looks like this: ~# netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Iface 192.168.0.0 * eth0 173.33.220.0 * eth1 default 173.33.220.1 eth1 After dhcp3-server tampers with eth0, the IP is 192.168.0.3, and the routing table looks like this: ~# netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Iface 192.168.0.0 * eth0 173.33.220.0 * eth1 default 192.168.0.1 eth0 default 173.33.220.1 eth1 SETUP Outbound NIC is eth1 Internal NIC is eth0 /etc/network/interfaces ... iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 /etc/default/dhcp3-server INTERFACES="eth0"

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• Set up Linux box as WAP for MyBookLive?

  - by AcidFlask

  I inherited an old Linux box as well as a MyBookLive and would like to make the MyBookLive available over my wireless, essentially using the Linux box as a wireless access point. I just wiped the Linux box (home) and installed Ubuntu 12.04 on it. My network setup currently looks like this: (192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0) ISP --- wireless router --- wlan0 on home (192.168.0.12) | eth0 on home --- MyBookLive MacBook (192.168.0.11) so that the MyBookLive is basically a glorified external hard drive. The router does have an Ethernet port, but it is being used by my roommate's computer so I can't plug the MyBookLive directly into it. Right now I can ping MyBookLive.local and MacBook.local from home, but I am having trouble understanding and figuring out what the correct iptables commands are to make my MacBook see my MyBookLive through the Bonjour network. Also, I'm not sure if I need to set up DNS to forward xxx.local Bonjour/Zeroconf addresses. I tried the following to forward my entire wired network (which has only my MyBookLive) to a single IP address: sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o wlan0 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp -j DNAT --to 192.168.0.66 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p udp -j DNAT --to 192.168.0.66 but I can't ping this address from my MacBook. This is probably horribly wrong, but I am a complete noob at setting up this kind of network and could use some expert help with setting this up properly.

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• trying to route between two openvpn clients

  - by user42055

  I have two openvpn clients on the 10.0.1.0 (client1) and 192.168.0.0 (client2) subnets with the server's openvpn connection having the ip 192.168.150.1 The server has ip forwarding enabled. Currently, client1's vpn ip is 192.168.150.10 and the P-t-P ip is 192.168.150.9 I have created the following static route on client1: route add -net 10.0.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.150.9 The routing table on client1 looks like this: Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.168.150.9 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.150.1 192.168.150.9 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 tun0 10.0.1.0 192.168.150.9 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 I thought this would be correct to allow traffic from client1 to reach computers on client2's network, but it does not work. Is 192.168.150.9 (the P-t-P address) the correct one to be routing through ? I tried using 192.168.150.1 but I couldn't create the route. I hope this is clear.

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• PCs on domain can not resolve external IP addresses using the DC's DNS Server

  - by Ben

  I currently have a domain controller which handles all DHCP and DNS. The DHCP works just fine and the domain controller itself can use the internet with no issues. However, PCs that are part of the domain are not able to use external websites, only internal. Does anyone have any way I can solve this issue? Thank you Server: Windows Server 2008 R2 PC: Win7 Enterprise x64 Edit: (domain controller) C:\Users\bcollyer>nslookup google.com Server: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 Non-authoritative answer: Name: google.com Addresses: 2a00:1450:4009:809::100e 173.194.41.166 173.194.41.165 173.194.41.169 173.194.41.162 173.194.41.161 173.194.41.160 173.194.41.168 173.194.41.167 173.194.41.164 173.194.41.163 173.194.41.174 Edit 2: C:\Users\bcollyernetstat -rn Interface List 12...30 85 a9 f7 8a 21 ......Atheros AR8161/8165 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Control ler (NDIS 6.20) 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 13...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter 11...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft Teredo Tunneling Adapter IPv4 Route Table Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.0.67 172.16.0.202 20 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 On-link 172.16.0.202 276 172.16.0.202 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.0.202 276 172.16.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.0.202 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 172.16.0.202 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.0.202 276 Persistent Routes: None IPv6 Route Table Active Routes: If Metric Network Destination Gateway 1 306 ::1/128 On-link 1 306 ff00::/8 On-link Persistent Routes: None BTW I have no javascript on the server so can't reply to individual answers... Sorry!

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• Ubuntu server apt-get says "(-5 - No address associated with hostname)"

  - by Srini

  I have a ubuntu 12.04 server. Running sudo apt-get update on it produces errors like this: W: Failed to fetch http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/main/binary-i386/Packages Something wicked happened resolving 'au.archive.ubuntu.com:http' (-5 - No address associated with hostname) I am able to ping all the other hosts on the network and also Google's DNS 8.8.8.8. But am unable to ping www.google.com. So, I'm guessing something is wrong with my DNS setup, but not sure what. I use static IP and my /etc/network/interfaces looks like this: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.50 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 gateway 192.168.1.1 #dns-nameserver 203.12.160.35 203.12.160.36 #nameserver 203.12.160.35 203.12.160.36 My /etc/resolv.conf and /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base are both empty and my /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/original says: nameserver 192.168.1.1 Any help would be greatly appreciated. P.S. I've googled it a bit and the common resolution is to switch to DHCP which I don't want to do since this is my home server. Thanks Srini

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• Finding default gateway in an openvpn environment in windows

  - by Alexander Trümper

  I need to find the default gateway in a openvpn scenario where the route output looks like that: IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.49.73.1 10.49.73.24 10 0.0.0.0 128.0.0.0 10.8.0.1 10.8.0.2 30 So I googled around a bit and a found this script here: @For /f "tokens=3" %%* in ( 'route.exe print ^|findstr "\<0.0.0.0\>"' ) Do @Set "DefaultGateway=%%*" echo %DefaultGateway% This works, but matches both lines in the route output. But I need to find this line: 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.49.73.1 10.49.73.24 10 So I tried to modify the findstr parameter like this: findstr "\<0.0.0.0\>.\<0.0.0.0\>" in the expectation that '.' will match for the tab between the columns. But it doesn't. It will still set DefaultGateway to 10.8.0.1 I couldn't find a clue in MS documentation either. Maybe someone knows the right expression? Thanks a lot.

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• Setting up /etc/network/interface file for KVM ubuntu 10.10

  - by Charles Thornton

  I am trying to setup KVM on Unbuntu 10.10 IFCONFIG DUMP: hydra(~}$ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1b:fc:cb:77:eb inet addr:172.20.20.3 Bcast:172.20.20.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::21b:fcff:fecb:77eb/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1345 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1541 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:820414 (820.4 KB) TX bytes:317708 (317.7 KB) Interrupt:23 Base address:0xc000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:480 (480.0 B) TX bytes:480 (480.0 B) virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 0a:1e:fb:b4:77:84 inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::81e:fbff:feb4:7784/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:56 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:8934 (8.9 KB) hydra(~}$ QUESTION:: How should /etc/network/interfaces be setup?? The following attempt just kills my internet connection! --------- /etc/network/interfaces ------------- # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 172.20.20.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 172.20.20.0 broadcast 172.20.20.255 gateway 172.20.20.1 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off What am I doing wrong????

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• How does Subnetting Work?

  - by Kyle Brandt

  How does Subnetting Work, and How do you do it by hand or in your head? Can someone explain both conceptually and with several examples? Server Fault gets lots of subnetting homework questions, so we could use an answer to point them to on Server Fault itself. What is classless routing and why is class-based routing obsolete? If I have a network, how do I figure out how to split it up? If I am given a netmask, how do I know what the network Range is for it? Sometimes there is a slash followed by a number, what is that number? Sometimes there is a subnet mask, but also a wildcard mask, they seem like the same thing but they are different? Someone mentioned something about knowing binary for this? What is NAT (Network Address Translation). Not looking for links to other sites (unless maybe you have one post with a bunch of good ones). I already know how to subnet, I just thought it would be nice if Server Fault had a generic subnetting answer.

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