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  • How to setup a Wireless Access-Point using my laptop's WiFi card?

    - by Abdul Karim Memon
    want to share my Laptops (running Ubuntu 10.10) Broadband with my Android (Galaxy Mini) running 2.2.1. Since Androids currently do not support ad-hoc networks so the "Create new wireless network.." won't help. Q1) How do i setup a Wireless Access Point using my Laptops WiFi card? Q2) What is the difference between an "ad-hoc" network and an "access point"? **abdulkarim@aK-laptop**:~$ lspci | grep ireless 03:00.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR9287 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01) iw list Wiphy phy0 Band 1: Capabilities: 0x11ce HT20/HT40 SM Power Save disabled RX HT40 SGI TX STBC RX STBC 1-stream Max AMSDU length: 7935 bytes DSSS/CCK HT40 Maximum RX AMPDU length 65535 bytes (exponent: 0x003) Minimum RX AMPDU time spacing: 8 usec (0x06) HT TX/RX MCS rate indexes supported: 0-15 Frequencies: * 2412 MHz [1] (20.0 dBm) * 2417 MHz [2] (20.0 dBm) * 2422 MHz [3] (20.0 dBm) * 2427 MHz [4] (20.0 dBm) * 2432 MHz [5] (20.0 dBm) * 2437 MHz [6] (20.0 dBm) * 2442 MHz [7] (20.0 dBm) * 2447 MHz [8] (20.0 dBm) * 2452 MHz [9] (20.0 dBm) * 2457 MHz [10] (20.0 dBm) * 2462 MHz [11] (20.0 dBm) * 2467 MHz [12] (20.0 dBm) (passive scanning) * 2472 MHz [13] (20.0 dBm) (passive scanning) * 2484 MHz [14] (disabled) Bitrates (non-HT): * 1.0 Mbps * 2.0 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 5.5 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 11.0 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 6.0 Mbps * 9.0 Mbps * 12.0 Mbps * 18.0 Mbps * 24.0 Mbps * 36.0 Mbps * 48.0 Mbps * 54.0 Mbps max # scan SSIDs: 4 Supported interface modes: * IBSS * managed * ** AP * AP/VLAN** * monitor * mesh point Supported commands: * new_interface * set_interface * new_key * new_beacon * new_station * new_mpath * set_mesh_params * set_bss * authenticate * associate * deauthenticate * disassociate * join_ibss * Unknown command (55) * Unknown command (57) * Unknown command (59) * set_wiphy_netns * Unknown command (65) * connect * disconnect

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  • Best way to let users choose country/language when submiting an URL to a directory

    - by Claudiu
    Hi all, I want to offer the user the possibility to add the country/language for websites they would submit to a fairly simple website directory. I have a folder with flags from http://www.famfamfam.com/lab/icons/flags/ . The flag images are named according to the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes, meaning that I could make a PHP script that would be able to retrieve images and the name of the country retrieved from the image name (not the full name, but it wouldn't be necessary). Just to make things clearer, I couldn't find a proper combo-box jQuery plugin for my needs (that would act exactly like the native but with an icon before the text) and don't really have the time to develop one on my own. Considering the number of images, I also wouldn't just display them all with a radio box near them. Also, having a classic drop-down list would be a nightmare for me as I would have to assign the short country name manually to each entry, or do it once for every country. Offering the user a dropdown list with the short country names but no flag near them would also be unfriendly and confusing. The idea is that every website featured in the directory would have the country flag icon near it. I have the images named properly but I don't know how to let the user choose the right image for their website. Any idees? Thank you all in advance! EDIT Temporary solution is this file: http://www.andrewpatton.com/countrylist.csv It contains a list of countries including various other info, like the short country name, the same name that's used for the flag images. I can take that information and have a classic like this: <select name="countries"> <option value="ro">Romania</option> <option value="ie">Ireland</option> <!-- and so on --> </select> Still, If anybody has a better idea...

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  • Unity Launcher only runs once - requires lightdm restart before it runs again

    - by Don
    I have an intermittent problem that just started showing up several days ago. I am running 11.10 and all updates are current. I first saw the symptom with a custom version of the "Home" nautilus-home.desktop file I created in ~/.local.share/applications. I added a few static shortcuts to specific folders. What I found was, clikcing the icon once would open up my home folder, but after closing that nautilus window, clicking the icon again did nothing (did not even show icon backlight animation). However, I could right click on the same icon and access my short cuts as many times as I want. Symptom persisted until restarting lightdm. Just yesterday I saw the same sort of symptom happen with a custom launcher I created for a chromium-borwser to open a specific URL (with a few short cuts to other URLs). Click the icon - it works once. Then never again. Right click the icon and I can use the short cuts over and over - no problem. Note - at one point I assumed I might have a problem with my custom .desktop file, so I did a test by removing my custom nautilus-home.desktop. However, even after restarting lightdm, and verifying the home icon was the standard one from /opt/share/applications (all my custom shortcuts were gone) I saw the same symptom re-appear - it runs once and then not again until restarting lightdm. It seems to be intermittent and seems to move between various launchers. Not sure what to do or even what background data to gather. Attempt to improve question after the first answer: I tried the following: 1) remove all custom launchers 2) reboot 3) add custom lauchers back 4) reboot 5) attempt to use .... still have "runs once and never again" symptom with several launchers

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  • Good 2D Platformer Physics

    - by Joe Wreschnig
    I have a basic character controller set up for a 2D platformer with Box2D, and I'm starting to tweak it to try to make it feel good. Physics engines have a lot of knobs to tweak, and it's not clear to me, writing with a physics engine for the first time, which ones I should use. Should jumping apply a force for several ticks? An impulse? Directly set velocity? How do I stop the avatar from sticking to walls without taking away all its friction (or do I take away all the friction, but only in the air)? Should I model the character as a capsule? A box with rounded corners? A box with two wheels? Just one big wheel? I feel like someone must have done this before! There seem to be very few resources available on the web that are not "baby's first physics", which all cut off where I'm hoping someone has already solved the issues. Most examples of physics engines for platformers have floaty-feeling controls, or in-air jumps, or easily exploitable behavior when temporary penetration is too high, etc. Some examples of what I mean: A short tap of jump jumps a short distance; a long tap jumps higher. Short skidding when stopping or reversing directions at high velocity. Standing stably on inclines (but maybe sliding down them when ducking). Analog speed when using an analog controller. All the other things that separate good platformers from bad platformers. Dare I suggest, stable moving platforms? I'm not really looking for "hey, do this." Obviously, the right thing to do is dependent on what I want in the game. But I'm hoping someone somewhere has gone through the possibilities and said "well technique A does feature X well, technique B does Y well, but that doesn't work with C", or has some worked examples beyond "if (key == space) character.impulse(0, 1)"

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  • Best way to let users choose country/language when submiting an URL to a directory

    - by Claudiu
    I want to offer the user the possibility to add the country/language for websites they would submit to a fairly simple website directory. I have a folder with flags from http://www.famfamfam.com/lab/icons/flags/ . The flag images are named according to the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes, meaning that I could make a PHP script that would be able to retrieve images and the name of the country retrieved from the image name (not the full name, but it wouldn't be necessary). Just to make things clearer, I couldn't find a proper combo-box jQuery plugin for my needs (that would act exactly like the native but with an icon before the text) and don't really have the time to develop one on my own. Considering the number of images, I also wouldn't just display them all with a radio box near them. Also, having a classic drop-down list would be a nightmare for me as I would have to assign the short country name manually to each entry, or do it once for every country. Offering the user a dropdown list with the short country names but no flag near them would also be unfriendly and confusing. The idea is that every website featured in the directory would have the country flag icon near it. I have the images named properly but I don't know how to let the user choose the right image for their website. Any idees? Thank you all in advance! EDIT Temporary solution is this file: http://www.andrewpatton.com/countrylist.csv It contains a list of countries including various other info, like the short country name, the same name that's used for the flag images. I can take that information and have a classic like this: <select name="countries"> <option value="ro">Romania</option> <option value="ie">Ireland</option> <!-- and so on --> </select> Still, If anybody has a better idea...

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  • An Oracle's Interns Story by Samarth Varshney

    - by user769227
    I have written a short write-up about my experience at Oracle and am attaching some pics along:  I joined Oracle on 5th January 2011 as part of my internship program in BITS Pilani Goa Campus. In the short period of six months, I had the most beautiful and interesting time of my life. It was fun to work in Oracle, thanks to the whole team. I had an excellent manager, simple and sophisticated, who gave me the utmost enthusiasm to work. I gained a lot of knowledge during my internship, thanks to my colleagues. They were very helpful and motivated us (interns) in every possible way. In the initial stages of work, in which you know almost nothing, they helped me gain knowledge at a rapid speed. Thanks to the vast database of study material at the Oracle site, that I could start on with my project in a very short time.  For me, the time flew like anything and made the 6 months look like a few days. It was probably due to the team, that the work was so much fun. We had our deadlines but had full freedom as to how to work and when to work. I don't remember a single instance, in which I was working and not listening to songs. I mean it will always be a time to remember. I hope to join this company and make this time last forever.  Samarth 

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  • Which of these URL scenarios is best for big link menus? [seo /user friendly urls]

    - by Sam
    Hi folks, a question about urls... me and a good friend of mine are exploring the possibilities of either of the three scenarios for a website where each webpage has a menusystem with about 130 links.: SCENARIO 1 the pages menu system has SHORT non-descriptive hyperlinks as well as a SHORT canonical: <a href:"design">dutch design</a> the pages canonical url points to e.g.: "design" OR SCENARIO 2 the pages menu system has SHORT non-descriptive hyperlinks wwith LONG canonical urls: <a href="design">dutch design</a> the pages canonical url points to: dutch-design-crazy-yes-but-always-honest OR SCENARIO 3 the pages menu system has LONG descriptive hyperlinks with LONG canonical urls: <a href="dutch-design-crazy-yes-but-always-honest">dutch design</a> the pages canonical url points to: dutch-design-crazy-yes-but-always-honest Currently we have scenario 2... should we progress to scenario 3? All three work fine and point via RewriteMod to the same page which is fetched underwater. Now, my question is which of these is better in terms of: userfriendlyness (page loading times, full url visible in url bar or not) seo friendlyness (proper indexing due to the urls containing descriptive relevant tags) other concerns we forgot like possible penalties for so many words in link hrefs?? Thanks very much for your suggestions: much appreciated!

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  • Java enum pairs / "subenum" or what exactly?

    - by vemalsar
    I have an RPG-style Item class and I stored the type of the item in enum (itemType.sword). I want to store subtype too (itemSubtype.long), but I want to express the relation between two data type (sword can be long, short etc. but shield can't be long or short, only round, tower etc). I know this is wrong source code but similar what I want: enum type { sword; } //not valid code! enum swordSubtype extends type.sword { short, long } Question: How can I define this connection between two data type (or more exactly: two value of the data types), what is the most simple and standard way? Array-like data with all valid (itemType,itemSubtype) enum pairs or (itemType,itemSubtype[]) so more subtype for one type, it would be the best. OK but how can I construct this simplest way? Special enum with "subenum" set or second level enum or anything else if it does exists 2 dimensional "canBePairs" array, itemType and itemSubtype dimensions with all type and subtype and boolean elements, "true" means itemType (first dimension) and itemSubtype (second dimension) are okay, "false" means not okay Other better idea Thank you very much!

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  • Awesome and LXDE desktop managers messed up KDE

    - by Caleb1994
    I saw a desktop manager named "Awesome" earlier on Google+, and thought I'd give it a try. In short, I didn't like it, but it got me wondering what other desktops were like, which I hadn't tried. The first one to come to mind was LXDE. I installed that, and tried it. I wasn't a big fan, so I just went to log back into KDE. Only, when I log in, everything is screwy. My theme is weird (although, according to system settings, it is still the same). All the categories and application short cuts in the KMenu are gone, except my favorites, which are now renamed with the "short name", it seems. I know these things are global resources, so it is very likely that one of these Window Managers screwed it up, but I need it fixed. Actually, it seems that after restarting the theme problem fixed itself, but the KMenu items disappearing is still a problem. Does anyone know where these items are stored? (I know they are are just .desktop files somewhere, IIRC, but I don't remember where they are usually stored so I can see if they are still there). I'm hoping it's just a matter of a broken link or something somewhere, not deleted shortcuts... :/ In summary: Any ideas on what caused this? Do you know how to fix the KMenu, or at least where the .desktop shortcuts are stored for the KMenu so I can see if they still exist (crosses fingers).

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  • How can I get a user account back?

    - by Ilan
    With all my computers I make one partition for the root and another for /home. This is useful for disasters where I need to reformat the root for ubuntu, but leave my /home data untouched. With the upgrade to 13.10 I had troubles on my wife's computer so I reinstalled 13.10. My own /home files came up, as expected, as if nothing had happened. For my wife, it is a different story - and that is the part where I need help. If I go into Files, computer I can see the home directory. There I can see ilan (my files) and yona (my wife's files). I can open yona, documents and see all her work. This means that all is well and I just need to hook up to her files. So the problem is that I need to create a user called Yona or yona, but something which will get me to exactly the files of interest. I'm not sure if I created her account as standard or an administrator. Is there any way I could tell by looking at the files in /home? I created a new user called Yona as a standard user (hoping that this is the right guess). The account came up as disabled. I pressed on the disabled button so I could change the password. I put in her password but it was refused as too short. Too short, too short, but that is what was used and that is what I need. Can anyone help me before my wife comes home and shoots me? Thanks, Ilan

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  • Windows domain full hostnames cannot be resolved resulting in intranet not working

    - by OpethR
    the domain: is foo.bar.local full hostname is: bla.foo.bar.local short hostname is: bla I installed winbind. here is my smb.conf: name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast here is my nsswitch.conf: hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns wins mdns4 when I try to ping full hostname, I get: "ping: unknown host" when I ping short hostname it works and shows me PING bla.foo.bar.local (10.11.20.135) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from bla.foo.bar.local (10.11.20.135): icmp_req=1 ttl=62 time=49.7 ms *notice that it manages to get the full hostname!? :S now the only reason I need it is cuz I'm trying to reach intranet websites. when I type short hostname "bla" in firefox address bar, it automatically changes it to the full hostname (which is good, right?!) but then it says: Server not found Firefox can't find the server at bla.foo.bar.local. what am I doing wrong? it's driving me nutz. so if you are wandering then yes, it is company intranet I'm trying to reach from ubuntu. If I use my crappy winxp everything is working perfectly well.

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  • Switch between speakerphone and headset on Android

    - by user210504
    Hi! I wish to know if there is a way, using which we can switch between the speaker and headset dynamically in an android application. I am using this sample code, I found online for my experiments final float frequency = 440; float increment = (float)(2*Math.PI) * frequency / 44100; // angular increment for each sample float angle = 0; AndroidAudioDevice device = new AndroidAudioDevice( ); AudioManager am = (AudioManager)getSystemService(AUDIO_SERVICE); am.setMode(AudioManager.MODE_IN_CALL); float samples[] = new float[1024]; int count = 0; while( count < 10 ) { count++; for( int i = 0; i < samples.length; i++ ) { samples[i] = (float)Math.sin( angle ) ; angle += increment; } device.writeSamples( samples ); } device.stop(); am.setMode(AudioManager.MODE_NORMAL); ---- next class public class AndroidAudioDevice { AudioTrack track; short[] buffer = new short[1024]; public AndroidAudioDevice( ) { int minSize =AudioTrack.getMinBufferSize( 44100, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_MONO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT ); track = new AudioTrack( AudioManager.STREAM_VOICE_CALL, 44100, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_MONO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, minSize, AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM); track.play(); } public void writeSamples(float[] samples) { fillBuffer( samples ); track.write( buffer, 0, samples.length ); } private void fillBuffer( float[] samples ) { if( buffer.length < samples.length ) buffer = new short[samples.length]; for( int i = 0; i < samples.length; i++ ) buffer[i] = (short)(samples[i] * Short.MAX_VALUE);; } public void stop() { track.stop(); } } As per my understanding this should play audio on headset, because we have not enabled the speaker phone. However, the audio is playing on the speaker phone. 1 Am I doing something wrong here? 2 What would be a way to switch between internal speaker and speaker phone dynamically for same code peice Any help will be appreciated.

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  • i am using winsock2.h in c language the following errors are unuderstandable help required?

    - by moon
    i am going to paste here my code an errors :::: #include "stdio.h" #include "winsock2.h" #define SIO_RCVALL _WSAIOW(IOC_VENDOR,1) //this removes the need of mstcpip.h void StartSniffing (SOCKET Sock); //This will sniff here and there void ProcessPacket (unsigned char* , int); //This will decide how to digest void PrintIpHeader (unsigned char* , int); void PrintUdpPacket (unsigned char* , int); void ConvertToHex (unsigned char* , unsigned int); void PrintData (unsigned char* , int); //IP Header Structure typedef struct ip_hdr { unsigned char ip_header_len:4; // 4-bit header length (in 32-bit words) normally=5 (Means 20 Bytes may be 24 also) unsigned char ip_version :4; // 4-bit IPv4 version unsigned char ip_tos; // IP type of service unsigned short ip_total_length; // Total length unsigned short ip_id; // Unique identifier unsigned char ip_frag_offset :5; // Fragment offset field unsigned char ip_more_fragment :1; unsigned char ip_dont_fragment :1; unsigned char ip_reserved_zero :1; unsigned char ip_frag_offset1; //fragment offset unsigned char ip_ttl; // Time to live unsigned char ip_protocol; // Protocol(TCP,UDP etc) unsigned short ip_checksum; // IP checksum unsigned int ip_srcaddr; // Source address unsigned int ip_destaddr; // Source address } IPV4_HDR; //UDP Header Structure typedef struct udp_hdr { unsigned short source_port; // Source port no. unsigned short dest_port; // Dest. port no. unsigned short udp_length; // Udp packet length unsigned short udp_checksum; // Udp checksum (optional) } UDP_HDR; //ICMP Header Structure typedef struct icmp_hdr { BYTE type; // ICMP Error type BYTE code; // Type sub code USHORT checksum; USHORT id; USHORT seq; } ICMP_HDR; FILE *logfile; int tcp=0,udp=0,icmp=0,others=0,igmp=0,total=0,i,j; struct sockaddr_in source,dest; char hex[2]; //Its free! IPV4_HDR *iphdr; UDP_HDR *udpheader; int main() { SOCKET sniffer; struct in_addr addr; int in; char hostname[100]; struct hostent *local; WSADATA wsa; //logfile=fopen("log.txt","w"); //if(logfile==NULL) printf("Unable to create file."); //Initialise Winsock printf("\nInitialising Winsock..."); if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsa) != 0) { printf("WSAStartup() failed.\n"); return 1; } printf("Initialised"); //Create a RAW Socket printf("\nCreating RAW Socket..."); sniffer = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_IP); if (sniffer == INVALID_SOCKET) { printf("Failed to create raw socket.\n"); return 1; } printf("Created."); //Retrive the local hostname if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) == SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("Error : %d",WSAGetLastError()); return 1; } printf("\nHost name : %s \n",hostname); //Retrive the available IPs of the local host local = gethostbyname(hostname); printf("\nAvailable Network Interfaces : \n"); if (local == NULL) { printf("Error : %d.\n",WSAGetLastError()); return 1; } for (i = 0; local->h_addr_list[i] != 0; ++i) { memcpy(&addr, local->h_addr_list[i], sizeof(struct in_addr)); printf("Interface Number : %d Address : %s\n",i,inet_ntoa(addr)); } printf("Enter the interface number you would like to sniff : "); scanf("%d",&in); memset(&dest, 0, sizeof(dest)); memcpy(&dest.sin_addr.s_addr,local->h_addr_list[in],sizeof(dest.sin_addr.s_addr)); dest.sin_family = AF_INET; dest.sin_port = 0; printf("\nBinding socket to local system and port 0 ..."); if (bind(sniffer,(struct sockaddr *)&dest,sizeof(dest)) == SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("bind(%s) failed.\n", inet_ntoa(addr)); return 1; } printf("Binding successful"); //Enable this socket with the power to sniff : SIO_RCVALL is the key Receive ALL ;) j=1; printf("\nSetting socket to sniff..."); if (WSAIoctl(sniffer, SIO_RCVALL,&j, sizeof(j), 0, 0,(LPDWORD)&in,0, 0) == SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("WSAIoctl() failed.\n"); return 1; } printf("Socket set."); //Begin printf("\nStarted Sniffing\n"); printf("Packet Capture Statistics...\n"); StartSniffing(sniffer); //Happy Sniffing //End closesocket(sniffer); WSACleanup(); return 0; } void StartSniffing(SOCKET sniffer) { unsigned char *Buffer = ( unsigned char *)malloc(65536); //Its Big! int mangobyte; if (Buffer == NULL) { printf("malloc() failed.\n"); return; } do { mangobyte = recvfrom(sniffer,(char *)Buffer,65536,0,0,0); //Eat as much as u can if(mangobyte > 0) ProcessPacket(Buffer, mangobyte); else printf( "recvfrom() failed.\n"); } while (mangobyte > 0); free(Buffer); } void ProcessPacket(unsigned char* Buffer, int Size) { iphdr = (IPV4_HDR *)Buffer; ++total; switch (iphdr->ip_protocol) //Check the Protocol and do accordingly... { case 1: //ICMP Protocol ++icmp; //PrintIcmpPacket(Buffer,Size); break; case 2: //IGMP Protocol ++igmp; break; case 6: //TCP Protocol ++tcp; //PrintTcpPacket(Buffer,Size); break; case 17: //UDP Protocol ++udp; PrintUdpPacket(Buffer,Size); break; default: //Some Other Protocol like ARP etc. ++others; break; } printf("TCP : %d UDP : %d ICMP : %d IGMP : %d Others : %d Total : %d\r",tcp,udp,icmp,igmp,others,total); } void PrintIpHeader (unsigned char* Buffer, int Size) { unsigned short iphdrlen; iphdr = (IPV4_HDR *)Buffer; iphdrlen = iphdr->ip_header_len*4; memset(&source, 0, sizeof(source)); source.sin_addr.s_addr = iphdr->ip_srcaddr; memset(&dest, 0, sizeof(dest)); dest.sin_addr.s_addr = iphdr->ip_destaddr; fprintf(logfile,"\n"); fprintf(logfile,"IP Header\n"); fprintf(logfile," |-IP Version : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_version); fprintf(logfile," |-IP Header Length : %d DWORDS or %d Bytes\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_header_len); fprintf(logfile," |-Type Of Service : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_tos); fprintf(logfile," |-IP Total Length : %d Bytes(Size of Packet)\n",ntohs(iphdr->ip_total_length)); fprintf(logfile," |-Identification : %d\n",ntohs(iphdr->ip_id)); fprintf(logfile," |-Reserved ZERO Field : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_reserved_zero); fprintf(logfile," |-Dont Fragment Field : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_dont_fragment); fprintf(logfile," |-More Fragment Field : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_more_fragment); fprintf(logfile," |-TTL : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_ttl); fprintf(logfile," |-Protocol : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_protocol); fprintf(logfile," |-Checksum : %d\n",ntohs(iphdr->ip_checksum)); fprintf(logfile," |-Source IP : %s\n",inet_ntoa(source.sin_addr)); fprintf(logfile," |-Destination IP : %s\n",inet_ntoa(dest.sin_addr)); } void PrintUdpPacket(unsigned char *Buffer,int Size) { unsigned short iphdrlen; iphdr = (IPV4_HDR *)Buffer; iphdrlen = iphdr->ip_header_len*4; udpheader = (UDP_HDR *)(Buffer + iphdrlen); fprintf(logfile,"\n\n***********************UDP Packet*************************\n"); PrintIpHeader(Buffer,Size); fprintf(logfile,"\nUDP Header\n"); fprintf(logfile," |-Source Port : %d\n",ntohs(udpheader->source_port)); fprintf(logfile," |-Destination Port : %d\n",ntohs(udpheader->dest_port)); fprintf(logfile," |-UDP Length : %d\n",ntohs(udpheader->udp_length)); fprintf(logfile," |-UDP Checksum : %d\n",ntohs(udpheader->udp_checksum)); fprintf(logfile,"\n"); fprintf(logfile,"IP Header\n"); PrintData(Buffer,iphdrlen); fprintf(logfile,"UDP Header\n"); PrintData(Buffer+iphdrlen,sizeof(UDP_HDR)); fprintf(logfile,"Data Payload\n"); PrintData(Buffer+iphdrlen+sizeof(UDP_HDR) ,(Size - sizeof(UDP_HDR) - iphdr->ip_header_len*4)); fprintf(logfile,"\n###########################################################"); } void PrintData (unsigned char* data , int Size) { for(i=0 ; i < Size ; i++) { if( i!=0 && i%16==0) //if one line of hex printing is complete... { fprintf(logfile," "); for(j=i-16 ; j<i ; j++) { if(data[j]>=32 && data[j]<=128) fprintf(logfile,"%c",(unsigned char)data[j]); //if its a number or alphabet else fprintf(logfile,"."); //otherwise print a dot } fprintf(logfile,"\n"); } if(i%16==0) fprintf(logfile," "); fprintf(logfile," %02X",(unsigned int)data[i]); if( i==Size-1) //print the last spaces { for(j=0;j<15-i%16;j++) fprintf(logfile," "); //extra spaces fprintf(logfile," "); for(j=i-i%16 ; j<=i ; j++) { if(data[j]>=32 && data[j]<=128) fprintf(logfile,"%c",(unsigned char)data[j]); else fprintf(logfile,"."); } fprintf(logfile,"\n"); } } } following are the errors Error 1 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__WSACleanup@0 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 2 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__closesocket@4 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 3 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__WSAIoctl@36 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 4 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__bind@12 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 5 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__inet_ntoa@4 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 6 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__gethostbyname@4 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 7 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__WSAGetLastError@0 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 8 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__gethostname@8 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 9 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__socket@12 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 10 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__WSAStartup@8 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 11 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__recvfrom@24 referenced in function "void __cdecl StartSniffing(unsigned int)" (?StartSniffing@@YAXI@Z) sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 12 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__ntohs@4 referenced in function "void __cdecl PrintIpHeader(unsigned char *,int)" (?PrintIpHeader@@YAXPAEH@Z) sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 13 fatal error LNK1120: 12 unresolved externals E:\CWM\sniffer test\Debug\sniffer test.exe sniffer test

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  • PC powers off at random times

    - by Timo Huovinen
    Short Version After experiencing some problems with Mobo batteries my PC started to power off at random times, the power off is instant and sudden and does not restart afterwards, need help figuring out the cause. Facts: Powers off when PC is playing games Powers off when PC is idle Powers off when PC is in safe mode Powers off when PC is in BIOS Powers off when PC is booted through a Windows installation USB Replaced the motherboard battery several times Replaced the 650W PSU with a 750W PSU Replaced the RAM Swapped the RAM between slots Re-applied thermal paste to the CPU Checked if the motherboard touches the case Nothing is overclocked PC Specs PC specs: OS: Windows 7 Ultimate SP1 RAM: klingston 1333MHz 4GB stick CPU: AMD Phenom II x4 955 Mobo: Gigabyte 88GMA-UD2H rev 2.2 Motherboard battery: CR2032 3v HDD: 500GB Seagate ST3500418AS ATA Device Graphics: ATI/AMD Radeon HD 6870 Very Long version Around 10 months ago I built a brand new gaming PC. Around 6 months ago it's time setting in windows started resetting to the year 2010. I swapped the Motherboard battery for a new one of the exact same size and shape and voltage, and the problems disappeared...for around 2 weeks. Then the same problem happened again, time gets reset, I swapped the battery again, and the problem was gone for good and everything was great for about 3 months.. then another problem started happening, the PC started to power off suddenly and without warning at completely random times, sometimes the PC works for and hour, sometimes 5 minutes. So I read on the forums that it might be either the PSU or the motherboard Battery or RAM or HDD or the Graphics card or the CPU or the motherboard or the drivers or a Virus or Grounding issues, or something short circuiting, basically it can be anything... I spent some days researching, and decided to remove the possibility of a virus. I reset the CMOS, cleared all BIOS settings and reinstalled windows 7 after a full format of the HDD, but the random power off kept happening. I then disabled the restart on error option in windows and looked at the event log for error events, but they did not help me figure out the problem. Network list service depends on network location awareness the dependency group failed to start Source Kernel Power Event 41 Task Category 63 Source Disk Event ID 11 Task Category None The driver detected a controller error on device disk I took apart the PC, every little piece, re-applied some expensive thermal paste to the CPU, and double checked that none of the pieces are touching the PC case. The problem was gone, the PC no longer powered off randomly I re-attached the graphics card and all was good for 4 months... then the power off problem appeared again, but was happening at high intervals, the PC would shutdown once in 2 days on average, at random points in time, sometimes when it's idle all day long, sometimes when it's running CRYSIS 2. I checked the CPU temperature, because I know that AMD CPU's have a built in protection mechanism that switches off the PC if the CPU gets too hot, and the Temp was 50C system temp, and 45C CPU after running the PC all day long (I did not do tests to see if there are any temperature spikes, don't know how to do them) Originally the PSU that powered the PC was 650Watts and had one 4 pin cable to power the CPU, I replaced it with a new 750Watts PSU which has two 4 pin cables for the CPU, but the problem remained. I removed the graphics card and let the motherboard use the built in one, but the PC kept suddenly powering off at random times. I took apart the PC completely again, and re-applied thermal paste to the CPU, added lots of insulation, and checked for any type of short-circuit possibility again and again, but the problem remained. The problem was like that for some months. I replaced the Battery a couple of times over the time, changed lots of options in windows, and tried everything I could, but it kept powering off, so I stopped using the PC as much as I used to, just living with the random power offs from time to time, until a couple of days ago, when the power off happens almost immediately after powering on the PC. I replaced the RAM with a brand new one, but that did not help. Took apart the PC again, checked for anything anywhere that might cause it, found some small scratches on the very edge of the motherboard to the left of the PCI express x16 slot. This might cause the problem, I thought, but the scratch looks very superficial, not deep at all, and if the scratch did harm the motherboard, wouldn't it cause it to not start at all? And why did it start to power off a while ago, and then suddenly stop powering off? The scratches could not have vanished??? did chkdsk \d but it powered off when it was at 75% I removed the hard disks, the graphics card, while I fiddled with the BIOS settings, and suddenly the PC shut down while I was looking at the BIOS version. This makes me realize, it is not caused by: HDD, Windows, Drivers or the Graphics card I cleared the CMOS again, updated the BIOS from F5 to F6f beta, but that did not help, it might even seem that the PC powers off even sooner. The shutdown even happened to me while I booted through a windows 7 installation USB and was in the repair console. I removed one of the cables powering the CPU, now only one 4pin cable powers it, and it worked for 30mins after doing that, which makes me think that it's the CPU overheating, and because it gets less power, it overheats slower? The things that I am still considering: CPU overheating (does not seem to overheat, maybe false readings?) Motherboard short circuiting (faulty motherboard?) I desperately need some advice in what is faulty, is it a faulty Motherboard or an overheating CPU? or maybe something else? I have been breaking my head over this problem over a span of 6 months. I'm not sure if this is a good place to ask this question, if it is not, then tell me where I can get some experienced help. More info I have also discovered a mysterious piece that seems to have fallen out of the motherboard i119.photobucket.com/albums/o126/yurikolovsky/strangepiece.jpg What is it? Looks like each time that it powers off the datetime gets reset I also found another forum post tomshardware.co.uk/forum/… except I don't have Integrated PeripheralsUSB Keyboard Function option in BIOS :S Comments summary (asked by Random moderator) Q. tell me, if the computer restarts, is it immediately? Does it take a second and then restarts? Do you see (BSOD) or hear (PSU, short circuit) any suspicious when it happens? After reading trough it, it remains the mainboard that is faulty. – JohannesM A. Immediate power off, all the fans stop instantly, all the light turn off instantly, no sound or anything, and it remains off until I turn it back on. Thanks for the feedback, faulty motherboard is what I fear. Q. Try stress-testing the system with Prime95 and see if errors or shutdowns occur when the CPU is under full load. – speakr A. Prime95 heat stress test peaked CPU heat at 60C after 5mins, it powered off after 30mins of testing in the middle of the test with no errors, Prime95 Heat test or the stress-testing with low RAM usage (small or in-place FFTs) do not report errors while testing for 10-60 mins. The power off does not seem like it is affected by Prime95 at all Makes me wonder if it's a CPU or Motherboard issue at all. Q. I had similar random/intermittent problems with my old board. It gave one of a few different symptoms: keyboard and/or mouse would die and/or the RAM wouldn't work and/or it would shut down. It was in bad shape. One problems was that my old PSU had literally burned the connector on it (browned around the pins), another was that a broken lead inside the layers of the PCB would work sometimes if it happened to be hot or if I bent the board—by jamming a hunk of wood behind it. I managed to keep the board alive for several years, but eventually nothing I did would make it work correctly anymore. – Synetech A. I will try that as the last resort, ok? ;) Q. Have you tried a different power cord, surge protector, outlet (on a different circuit). It's worth a shot just to ensure it's not subpar wiring or a week circuit (dips in power may cause shutdown if the PSU can't pull enough juice from the wall). – Kyle A. yes, I attached the PC to an entirely different outlet on a different circuit and the problem persists. After connecting it to a different outlet after starting the PC it gave me 3 long beeps and 1 short one, then the PC immediately proceeded to boot up normally. Q. Re-check your mainboard manual and all PSU connections to your mainboard to be sure that nothing is missing (e.g. 12V ATX 4-pin/6-pin connector). If you can provoke shutdowns with Prime95, then consider buying new hardware -- a stable system should run Prime95 for 24h without any errors. Prime95 mentions errors in the log when they occur and gives a summary after the stress test was stopped manually (e.g. "0 errors, 0 warnings", if all is fine) – speakr A. Re-checked, there are no more PSU connectors that I can physically connect, except the one ATX 4-pin (there are 2 that power the CPU) that I disconnected on purpose, I have reconnected it but the problem persists. Q. With one PC I had a short curcuit. The power button on the front plate had its cables soldered, but not isolated, and the contacts were very close to the metal case. A heavier touch was enough to cause a shutdown. The PC's vibration could be enough – ott-- A. yes, it seems to switch off with even the lightest touch, I switched on the PC, then pulled out the front panel power cable that connects to the motherboard so the power button does not work anymore, after 5 mins of working like that, with the power button completely disconnected, just sitting idle, the PC powered off again, I don't think it's the power button. Q. I wonder if you dare to operate components without the case, that is remove motherboard, power, disk ( just put the motherboard on a wooden desk). Don't bend the adapters when running like that. – ott-- A. yes, I do dare to do that, but only tomorrow, too tired/late right now.

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  • Bit shift and pointer oddities in C, looking for explanations

    - by foo
    Hi all, I discovered something odd that I can't explain. If someone here can see what or why this is happening I'd like to know. What I'm doing is taking an unsigned short containing 12 bits aligned high like this: 1111 1111 1111 0000 I then want to shif the bits so that each byte in the short hold 7bits with the MSB as a pad. The result on what's presented above should look like this: 0111 1111 0111 1100 What I have done is this: unsigned short buf = 0xfff; //align high buf <<= 4; buf >>= 1; *((char*)&buf) >>= 1; This gives me something like looks like it's correct but the result of the last shift leaves the bit set like this: 0111 1111 1111 1100 Very odd. If I use an unsigned char as a temporary storage and shift that then it works, like this: unsigned short buf = 0xfff; buf <<= 4; buf >>= 1; tmp = *((char*)&buf); *((char*)&buf) = tmp >> 1; The result of this is: 0111 1111 0111 1100 Any ideas what is going on here?

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  • 32 bit dllimport generating incorrect format error (0x8007000b) on win7 x64 platform

    - by DFP
    Hello, I'm trying to install and run a 32 bit application on a Win7 x64 machine. The application is built as a Win32 app. It runs fine on 32 bit platforms. On the x64 machine it installs correctly in the Programs(x86) directory and runs fine until I make a call into a 32 bit dll. At that time I get the incorrect format error (0x8007000b) indicating it is trying to load the dll of the wrong bitness. Indeed it is trying to load the 64 bit dll from the System32 directory rather than the 32 bit version in the SystemWOW64 directory. Another 32 bit application provided by the dll vendor runs correctly and it does load the 32 bit dll from the SystemWOW64 directory. I do not have source to their application to see how they are accessing the DLL. I'm using the DllImport function as shown below to access the dll. Is there a way to decorate the DllImport calls to force it to load the 32 bit version? Any thoughts appreciated. Thanks, DP public static class Micronas { [DllImport(@"UAC2.DLL")] public static extern short UacBuildDeviceList(uint uFlags); [DllImport(@"UAC2.DLL")] public static extern short UacGetNumberOfDevices(); [DllImport(@"UAC2.DLL")] public static extern uint UacGetFirstDevice(); [DllImport(@"UAC2.DLL")] public static extern uint UacGetNextDevice(uint handle); [DllImport(@"UAC2.DLL")] public static extern uint UacSetXDFP(uint handle, short adr, uint data); [DllImport(@"UAC2.DLL")] public unsafe static extern uint UacGetXDFP(uint handle, short adr, IntPtr data); }

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  • Java performance issue

    - by Colby77
    Hi, I've got a question related to java performance and method execution. In my app there are a lot of place where I have to validate some parameter, so I've written a Validator class and put all the validation methods into it. Here is an example: public class NumberValidator { public static short shortValidator(String s) throws ValidationException{ try{ short sh = Short.parseShort(s); if(sh < 1){ throw new ValidationException(); } return sh; }catch (Exception e) { throw new ValidationException("The parameter is wrong!"); } } ... But I'm thinking about that. Is this OK? It's OO and modularized, but - considering performance - is it a good idea? What if I had awful lot of invocation at the same time? The snippet above is short and fast, but there are some methods that take more time. What happens when there are a lot of calling to a static method or an instance method in the same class and the method is not synchronized? All the calling methods have to fall in line and the JVM executes them sequentially? Is it a good idea to have some class that are identical to the above-mentioned and randomly call their identical methods? I think it is not, because "Don't repeat yourself " and "Duplication is Evil" etc. But what about performance? Thanks is advance.

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  • How to use a int2 database-field as a boolean in Java using JPA/Hibernate

    - by mg
    Hello... I write an application based on an already existing database (postgreSQL) using JPA and Hibernate. There is a int2-column (activeYN) in a table, which is used as a boolean (0 = false (inactive), not 0 = true (active)). In the Java application i want to use this attribute as a boolean. So i defined the attribute like this: @Entity public class ModelClass implements Serializable { /*..... some Code .... */ private boolean active; @Column(name="activeYN") public boolean isActive() { return this.active; } /* .... some other Code ... */ } But there ist an exception because Hibernate expects an boolean database-field and not an int2. Can i do this mapping i any way while using a boolean in java?? I have a possible solution for this, but i don't really like it: My "hacky"-solution is the following: @Entity public class ModelClass implements Serializable { /*..... some Code .... */ private short active_USED_BY_JPA; //short because i need int2 /** * @Deprecated this method is only used by JPA. Use the method isActive() */ @Column(name="activeYN") public short getActive_USED_BY_JPA() { return this.active_USED_BY_JPA; } /** * @Deprecated this method is only used by JPA. * Use the method setActive(boolean active) */ public void setActive_USED_BY_JPA(short active) { this.active_USED_BY_JPA = active; } @Transient //jpa will ignore transient marked methods public boolean isActive() { return getActive_USED_BY_JPA() != 0; } @Transient public void setActive(boolean active) { this.setActive_USED_BY_JPA = active ? -1 : 0; } /* .... some other Code ... */ } Are there any other solutions for this problem? The "hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto"-value in the hibernate configuration is set to "validate". (sorry, my english is not the best, i hope you understand it anyway)..

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  • Unboxing to unknown type

    - by Robert
    I'm trying to figure out syntax that supports unboxing an integral type (short/int/long) to its intrinsic type, when the type itself is unknown. Here is a completely contrived example that demonstrates the concept: // Just a simple container that returns values as objects struct DataStruct { public short ShortVale; public int IntValue; public long LongValue; public object GetBoxedShortValue() { return LongValue; } public object GetBoxedIntValue() { return LongValue; } public object GetBoxedLongValue() { return LongValue; } } static void Main( string[] args ) { DataStruct data; // Initialize data - any value will do data.LongValue = data.IntValue = data.ShortVale = 42; DataStruct newData; // This works if you know the type you are expecting! newData.ShortVale = (short)data.GetBoxedShortValue(); newData.IntValue = (int)data.GetBoxedIntValue(); newData.LongValue = (long)data.GetBoxedLongValue(); // But what about when you don't know? newData.ShortVale = data.GetBoxedShortValue(); // error newData.IntValue = data.GetBoxedIntValue(); // error newData.LongValue = data.GetBoxedLongValue(); // error } In each case, the integral types are consistent, so there should be some form of syntax that says "the object contains a simple type of X, return that as X (even though I don't know what X is)". Because the objects ultimately come from the same source, there really can't be a mismatch (short != long). I apologize for the contrived example, it seemed like the best way to demonstrate the syntax. Thanks.

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  • activemessaging with stomp and activemq.prefetchSize=1

    - by Clint Miller
    I have a situation where I have a single activemq broker with 2 queues, Q1 and Q2. I have two ruby-based consumers using activemessaging. Let's call them C1 and C2. Both consumers subscribe to each queue. I'm setting activemq.prefetchSize=1 when subscribing to each queue. I'm also setting ack=client. Consider the following sequence of events: 1) A message that triggers a long-running job is published to queue Q1. Call this M1. 2) M1 is dispatched to consumer C1, kicking off a long operation. 3) Two messages that trigger short jobs are published to queue Q2. Call these M2 and M3. 4) M2 is dispatched to C2 which quickly runs the short job. 5) M3 is dispatched to C1, even though C1 is still running M1. It's able to dispatch to C1 because prefetchSize=1 is set on the queue subscription, not on the connection. So the fact that a Q1 message has already been dispatched doesn't stop one Q2 message from being dispatched. Since activemessaging consumers are single-threaded, the net result is that M3 sits and waits on C1 for a long time until C1 finishes processing M1. So, M3 is not processed for a long time, despite the fact that consumer C2 is sitting idle (since it quickly finishes with message M2). Essentially, whenever a long Q1 job is run and then a whole bunch of short Q2 jobs are created, exactly one of the short Q2 jobs gets stuck on a consumer waiting for the long Q1 job to finish. Is there a way to set prefetchSize at the connection level rather than at the subscription level? I really don't want any messages dispatched to C1 while it is processing M1. The other alternative is that I could create a consumer dedicated to processing Q1 and then have other consumers dedicated to processing Q2. But, I'd rather not do that since Q1 messages are infrequent--Q1's dedicated consumers would sit idle most of the day tying up memory.

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  • Performance: float to int cast and clipping result to range

    - by durandai
    I'm doing some audio processing with float. The result needs to be converted back to PCM samples, and I noticed that the cast from float to int is surprisingly expensive. Whats furthermore frustrating that I need to clip the result to the range of a short (-32768 to 32767). While I would normally instictively assume that this could be assured by simply casting float to short, this fails miserably in Java, since on the bytecode level it results in F2I followed by I2S. So instead of a simple: int sample = (short) flotVal; I needed to resort to this ugly sequence: int sample = (int) floatVal; if (sample > 32767) { sample = 32767; } else if (sample < -32768) { sample = -32768; } Is there a faster way to do this? (about ~6% of the total runtime seems to be spent on casting, while 6% seem to be not that much at first glance, its astounding when I consider that the processing part involves a good chunk of matrix multiplications and IDCT) EDIT The cast/clipping code above is (not surprisingly) in the body of a loop that reads float values from a float[] and puts them into a byte[]. I have a test suite that measures total runtime on several test cases (processing about 200MB of raw audio data). The 6% were concluded from the runtime difference when the cast assignment "int sample = (int) floatVal" was replaced by assigning the loop index to sample. EDIT @leopoldkot: I'm aware of the truncation in Java, as stated in the original question (F2I, I2S bytecode sequence). I only tried the cast to short because I assumed that Java had an F2S bytecode, which it unfortunately does not (comming originally from an 68K assembly background, where a simple "fmove.w FP0, D0" would have done exactly what I wanted).

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  • Formating Date in Freemarker to say "Today", "Yesterday", etc.

    - by egervari
    Is there a way in freemarker to compare dates to test if the date is today or yesterday... or do I have to write code in Java to do these tests? I basically want to do this: <#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ formatDate -------------------------------------------------------------------------------> <#macro formatDate date showTime=true> <#if date??> <span class="Date"> <#if date?is_today> Today <#elseif date?is_yesterday> Yesterday <#else> ${date?date} </#if> </span> <#if showTime> <span class="Time">${date?time}</span> </#if> </#if> </#macro> EDIT: My best guess to implement this is to pass "today" and "yesterday" into the model for the pages that use this function and then compare the date values against these 2 objects in the model. I am out of out of options, but I'd rather not have to do this for every page that uses this macro. Any other options that are nicer? <#if date??> <span class="Date"> <#if date?date?string.short == today?date?string.short> Today <#elseif date?date?string.short == yesterday?date?string.short> Yesterday <#else> ${date?date} </#if> </span> <#if showTime> <span class="Time">${date?time}</span> </#if> </#if>

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  • Building "isolated" and "automatically updated" caches (java.util.List) in Java.

    - by Aidos
    Hi Guys, I am trying to write a framework which contains a lot of short-lived caches created from a long-living cache. These short-lived caches need to be able to return their entier contents, which is a clone from the original long-living cache. Effectively what I am trying to build is a level of transaction isolation for the short-lived caches. The user should be able to modify the contents of the short-lived cache, but changes to the long-living cache should not be propogated through (there is also a case where the changes should be pushed through, depending on the Cache type). I will do my best to try and explain: master-cache contains: [A,B,C,D,E,F] temporary-cache created with state [A,B,C,D,E,F] 1) temporary-cache adds item G: [A,B,C,D,E,F] 2) temporary-cache removes item B: [A,C,D,E,F] master-cache contains: [A,B,C,D,E,F] 3) master-cache adds items [X,Y,Z]: [A,B,C,D,E,F,X,Y,Z] temporary-cache contains: [A,C,D,E,F] Things get even harder when the values in the items can change and shouldn't always be updated (so I can't even share the underlying object instances, I need to use clones). I have implemented the simple approach of just creating a new instance of the List using the standard Collection constructor on ArrayList, however when you get out to about 200,000 items the system just runs out of memory. I know the value of 200,000 is excessive to iterate, but I am trying to stress my code a bit. I had thought that it might be able to somehow "proxy" the list, so the temporary-cache uses the master-cache, and stores all of it's changes (effectively a Memento for the change), however that quickly becomes a nightmare when you want to iterate the temporary-cache, or retrieve an item at a specific index. Also given that I want some modifications to the contents of the list to come through (depending on the type of the temporary-cache, whether it is "auto-update" or not) and I get completly out of my depth. Any pointers to techniques or data-structures or just general concepts to try and research will be greatly appreciated. Cheers, Aidos

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  • I'm having an issue to use GLshort for representing Vertex, and Normal.

    - by Xylopia
    As my project gets close to optimization stage, I notice that reducing Vertex Metadata could vastly improve the performance of 3D rendering. Eventually, I've dearly searched around and have found following advices from stackoverflow. Using GL_SHORT instead of GL_FLOAT in an OpenGL ES vertex array How do you represent a normal or texture coordinate using GLshorts? Advice on speeding up OpenGL ES 1.1 on the iPhone Simple experiments show that switching from "FLOAT" to "SHORT" for vertex and normal isn't tough, but what troubles me is when you're to scale back verticies to their original size (with glScalef), normals are multiplied by the reciprocal of the scale. Natural remedy for this is to multiply the normals w/ scale before you submit to GPU. Then, my short normals almost become 0, because the scale factor is usually smaller than 0. Duh! How do you use "short" for both vertex and normal at the same time? I've been trying this and that for about a full day, but I could only go for "float vertex w/ byte normal" or "short vertex w/ float normal" so far. Your help would be truly appreciated.

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  • byte + byte = int... why?

    - by Robert C. Cartaino
    Looking at this C# code... byte x = 1; byte y = 2; byte z = x + y; // ERROR: Cannot implicitly convert type 'int' to 'byte' The result of any math performed on byte (or short) types is implicitly cast back to an integer. The solution is to explicitly cast the result back to a byte, so... byte z = (byte)(x + y); // works What I am wondering is why? Is it architectural? Philosophical? We have: int + int = int long + long = long float + float = float double + double = double So why not: byte + byte = byte short + short = short ? A bit of background: I am performing a long list of calculations on "small numbers" (i.e. < 8) and storing the intermediate results in a large array. Using a byte array (instead of an int array) is faster (because of cache hits). But the extensive byte-casts spread through the code make it that much more unreadable.

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