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• How to set up RAID-0 first time on new PC?

  - by jasondavis

  I have built basic PC's in the past but have never used a RAID array at all. SO now I am buying parts to build my new PC, it will be an intel i7 processor. My motherboard will have RAID support which I will use instead of an aftermarket raid controller for now. Also I plan to use 2 SSD drives in RAID-0 for my windows 7 OS. (Please note that I am aware of the issues with doing this, including lack of TRIM support when using RAID with SSD drives. I am OK with it not working as I can just re[place the drives in a year or so or wheneer they become more sluggish). SO here is my question part. If I assemble the motherboard, PSU, processor, RAM, vidm card, etc and then go to turn the PC on, it will have the 2 SSD drives hooked up. so I assume I will then soon the BIOS screen before I install windows? How to I go about making the 2 drives work in RAID-0 at this point? I do the raid part before installing my OS right? Please help with the steps involved from assembling the parts of the PC and then turning it on, to the part of getting the RAID-0 set up between the 2 drives and then installing my windows 7 OS from a Optical drive? Please help, all advice, instructions, tips appreciated as long as on topic. I do not need to be told that this is a bad idea as far as if 1 drive fails I losse it all, I plan on having a disk IMAGE to be able to restore my OS and software to a new set of drives at anytime needed in the event of drive failure. Same goes for lack of TRIM support. Thanks for reading and help =)

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• What's the story with TRIM support?

  - by Kent Boogaart

  The situation with TRIM in Ubuntu has me utterly confused. I don't know whether I need to manually run it or not. Sources I've found are disparate and unclear. I have Ubuntu 10.04 with latest updates (including kernel 2.6.32-26). I have an Intel X-25M drive with latest firmware, and it is formatted as ext4. So, does TRIM support run automatically? If not, how do I check if I need to run it, and then how do I run it if necessary?

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• Ubuntu Lenove OCZ Agility3 - No Grub after install

  - by Michael

  I've tried a dualboot (Win7 + Ubuntu) installation it on a Lenovo E330 with Agility3 240 Gigs... Conclusions: Ubuntu:: Ubuntu 12.04 x86_64 ( 21.06.2012 ) is not able to install grub in a bootable way. Grub will be installed and does update-grub during Installation, recognizes also the Win OS. But after a restart it boots directly to Windows.This is directly connected to the OCZ Agility3. On a good old fashion harddisk (those with the moving parts) Ubuntu is capable to install grub with no problem in a bootable manner. PinguyOS:: PinguyOS 12.04 LTS x86_64 (which is a Ubuntu based distro) is able to handle the Grub installation on OCZ Agility3. However they both use Grub 1.99... What i did:: Installed Windows. Installed Ubuntu. Installed PinguyOS. Grub Updates:: Grub updates are only through Pinguy OS possible, this means you have to edit the Ubuntu Grub entries manually after Kernelupdates on Ubuntu, in the PiguyOS sytem.. What i've already tried: Firmwareupgrade OCZ (livestick, successfull) Install Ubuntu Grub to sda Install Ubuntu Grub to sdc (Ubuntu Partion) Install Ubuntu Grub to /boot update-grub manually after install restore grub any ideas appreciated..

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• What's the story with TRIM support?

  - by Kent Boogaart

  The situation with TRIM in Ubuntu has me utterly confused. I don't know whether I need to manually run it or not. Sources I've found are disparate and unclear. I have Ubuntu 10.04 with latest updates (including kernel 2.6.32-26). I have an Intel X-25M drive with latest firmware, and it is formatted as ext4. So, does TRIM support run automatically? If not, how do I check if I need to run it, and then how do I run it if necessary?

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• How to Boot from iRAM Solid State Drive on Ubuntu

  - by quickshiftin

  I've got an iRAM solid state drive. I'd like to use this to store a linux root filesystem; the trouble is the device is not recognized as a hard drive to the BIOS. It only shows up if a live CD environment is loaded and the scsi drivers are available (may be other drivers needed as well). I've heard of Boot to Ram and wonder if some variation of that could work here and I could run a linux install off the iRAM??

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• Installing linux on OCZ RevoDrive3 x2

  - by user2101712

  First of all, here is the configuration of my computer: Motherboard: Asus H87Plus RAM: Corsair Vengeance 32GB Processor: Intel i7 4770 Drive: OCZ RevoDrive 3 x2 (240 GB) (OCZ Revodrive3 is a PCIe module) I am trying to install the latest version of Ubuntu Desktop (13.10). The problem is that in the UEFI (bios) the drive shows up as a 240 GB drive, but in the Ubuntu installer it shows up as two 120 GB drives. If I install Ubuntu in any of these two drives, it never boots. The screen flickers a few times and comes back to the UEFI menu. I have tried reading up and have come across information that the drive has a "fakeraid", and the solution is to use dmraid. However, when I give the following commands in the terminal (from live CD): # modprobe dm_mod # dmraid -ay it says: no raid disks. And the following command: # ls -la /dev/mapper/ just shows /dev/mapper/control How can I install Ubuntu on my computer? what is the correct method?

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• Xubuntu LightDM shows blank screen half the time

  - by Sman789

  System info: (will be amended if any more info is asked for) My laptop runs Xubuntu 12.10. As it has a Solid State Drive, /tmp, /var/tmp, /var/log and /var/log/apt are set to tmpfs in the /etc/fstab file - in case this makes any difference. Problem My problem is quite simple. Approximately 50% of boot attempts end in the mouse cursor on a black screen (presumably LightDM failing to load), forcing me to restart and try again. I can access the CTRL+ALT+F1 terminal to reboot the machine, but it's very annoying having to boot and reboot two or three times before one works. Oh, and this problem is the same whether I use the Xubuntu or Unity greeter. Thanks for any help you can give.

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• fwupd to update OCZ RevoDrive firmware gets a 'Permission denied' error

  - by Late

  Try as I might I just don't get it working (http://www.ocztechnology.com/ssd_tools/OCZ_RevoDrive_and_RevoDrive_X2/). There's another thread here with an similar issue here: Command is giving me "bash: ./fwupd: cannot execute binary file" I'm running command ./fwupd /dev/sdb which keeps returning me bash: ./fwupd: Permission denied I have tried running both bit versions available of fwupd with both of the latest 32- and 64-bit Ubunty 11.10, running the OS from an USB stick, but to no avail (could this be the problem?). In the other thread it was suggested that chmod +x fwupd (or chmod 0755 fwupd) should resolve this issue, but at least for me it has been for naught. It was also suggested to install certain libraries, but those were already included in the Ubunty build and I didn't have any luck after updating with apt-get. I also tried giving fwupd more privileges, r, x and w but same charade, run it in different ways from different places (where I'd have the fwupd present, ofc) among other things. What I also tried is giving the Ubunty 10.04 LTS a shot but it didn't even launch on either of my computers, though that's not the issue here. If anyone has any ideas on what the problem is and how I could get this working, it would be most appreciated!

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• Error 22 no such partition on adding a SSD

  - by Clodoaldo

  I'm trying to add a second SSD to a Centos 6 system. But I get the error 22 no such partition at boot. The system already has a single SSD (sdb) and a pair of HDDs (sd{a,c}) in a RAID 1 array from where it boots. It is as if the new SSD assumes one of the devices of the RAID array. Is it? How to avoid that or rearrange the setup? # cat fstab UUID=967b4035-782d-4c66-b22f-50244fe970ca / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=86fd06e9-cdc9-4166-ba9f-c237cfc43e02 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=72552a7a-d8ae-4f0a-8917-b75a6239ce9f /ssd ext4 discard,relatime 1 2 UUID=8000e5e6-caa2-4765-94f8-9caeb2bda26e swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 # ll /dev/disk/by-id/ total 0 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 ata-OCZ-VERTEX3_OCZ-43DSRFTNCLE9ZJXX -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-OCZ-VERTEX3_OCZ-43DSRFTNCLE9ZJXX-part1 -> ../../sdb1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3 -> ../../sdc lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part1 -> ../../sdc1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part2 -> ../../sdc2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part3 -> ../../sdc3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part2 -> ../../sda2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part3 -> ../../sda3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-name-localhost.localdomain:0 -> ../../md0 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-name-localhost.localdomain:1 -> ../../md1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-name-localhost.localdomain:2 -> ../../md2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-uuid-a04d7241:8da6023e:f9004352:107a923a -> ../../md1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-uuid-a22c43b9:f1954990:d3ddda5e:f9aff3c9 -> ../../md0 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-uuid-f403a2d0:447803b5:66edba73:569f8305 -> ../../md2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_OCZ-VERTEX3_OCZ-43DSRFTNCLE9ZJXX -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_OCZ-VERTEX3_OCZ-43DSRFTNCLE9ZJXX-part1 -> ../../sdb1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3 -> ../../sdc lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part1 -> ../../sdc1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part2 -> ../../sdc2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part3 -> ../../sdc3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part2 -> ../../sda2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part3 -> ../../sda3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c500383621ff -> ../../sdc lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c500383621ff-part1 -> ../../sdc1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c500383621ff-part2 -> ../../sdc2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c500383621ff-part3 -> ../../sdc3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c5003838b2e7 -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c5003838b2e7-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c5003838b2e7-part2 -> ../../sda2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c5003838b2e7-part3 -> ../../sda3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5e83a97f592139d6 -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5e83a97f592139d6-part1 -> ../../sdb1 # fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x79298ec9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 14594 117219328 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d99de Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 1275 10240000 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 * 1275 1339 512000 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc3 1339 60802 477633536 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b3327 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 1275 10240000 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda2 * 1275 1339 512000 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda3 1339 60802 477633536 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/md0: 10.5 GB, 10484641792 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 2559727 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/md2: 489.1 GB, 489095557120 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 119408095 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md2 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/md1: 524 MB, 524275712 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 127997 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md1 doesn't contain a valid partition table # cat /etc/grub.conf default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd2,1)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS (2.6.32-220.17.1.el6.x86_64) root (hd2,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-220.17.1.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=967b4035-782d-4c66-b22f-50244fe970ca rd_MD_UUID=f403a2d0:447803b5:66edba73:569f8305 rd_MD_UUID=a22c43b9:f1954990:d3ddda5e:f9aff3c9 rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=br-abnt2 crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-220.17.1.el6.x86_64.img

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• Windows is very slow with my new SSD

  - by Maksym H.

  I have a laptop HP probook 4520s with Core i5 M480 @ 2.67Ghz, 4Gb RAM, 640 GB HDD Radeon HD 6370m 1GB video card. It would seem like a good stack for work, right? But My HDD has crashed after everyday walking with laptop about 1 year. After buying my new SSD (Patriot memory - Torqx II 128 Gb SATA II) and installing new Windows 8 from scratch - it was amazing fast. But I had only install windows updates, and I feel that the speed become the same as my old HDD, after install other software for my work, it becomes so slow, so when I use my PC with old lower configuration and it really works better than my awesome laptop... I checked that TRIM and AHCI mode are turned on. So why's that? I asked for help in Patriot Memory support, they suggested to send them ATTO test results, done, sent. Here is the response: "Thank you very much for the attached results. Looking at the results, I can see that your SSD speed is a lot lower than it should be. Can you tell me your system specs?" Until they checked my email, I re-installed Windows 8 to Windows 7 and it was again perfect, but the story repeats it becomes slower and slower after every installing new software. Check out some screenshots.. (sorry for the screenshot with russian TaskManager, I hope you will recognize those parameters accordingly with your english or other lang TaskManager) So the main issue that something everytime loads the disc on 100% and the response time is jumping around 1000-3000 ms. Why am I asking about Windows? Because I tried to install Linux Mint (x86) and It just flies. So great performance independent on how many programs I have installed. Only Windows (any 7 or 8) has this problem. So guys, I appreciate any ideas about how to fix that and may be answers of main question - "why is it so.?" Thanks!

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• Make UEFI, GPT, Bootloader, SSD, USB, Linux and Windows work together

  - by user129552

  I like to use the latest hardware and the latest software; thus I have a Laptop (Lenovo X220) with UEFI instead of BIOS an SSD instead of an HDD GPT partitioning scheme instead of MBR USB to boot from instead of optical disks. I need to use both Windows and Linux. I tried to make them work alongside, but I didn't succeed. Most Linux distribution isos don't even really work on UEFI systems booted from USB. (Not even the self-claimed cutting-edge Fedora. I also tried Linux Mint Debian Edition and Sabayon Linux (according to this guide) which did not work. Only Ubuntu worked for me. I first installed Windows 8 which created sda1: Recovery, sda2: EFI system, sda3: msftres, sda4: NTFS Windows. Windows worked without a problem. I then created sda5: linux-swap and installed Ubuntu into sda6: btrfs. After rebooting, I was not presented GRUB2 as expected, but instead my system just booted into Ubuntu. I could no longer access Windows. After fixing dpkg in btrfs Ubuntu, I followed the Ubuntu documentation on UEFI booting. The result left me with a broken GRUB2, but interestingly, when I wanted to select the device to boot from, I was not only presented the internal SSD, an attached USB device, or LAN, but also Grub2 (broken), Ubuntu and Windows. The result is not very satisfying to me. What would I have to do to fix everything? Or differently asked, what operating system should I install at what point given my possibilities and requirements, so that I have a working bootloader in my UEFI GPT system which presents me a working Linux and Windows.

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• SSD not detected on boot up running windows 7, with installed blank hdd

  - by Matt. G

  I have recently built a PC for a friend, after the original system build, which included a 60GB primary SSD and a secondary 1TB HDD. I kept getting blue screens of death and kernel power errors, after investigation it was revealed that a faulty power cable and insufficient thermal paste provided with the included heat sink was the cause. This resolved the problem but after 3 months I received a phone call saying that the PC was not starting at the point of loading the operating system, with an NTLDR error. I had an idea of the cause, and after the user removed the HDD the computer started up with no issues, then I asked him to power off and reattach the HDD, and this completely resolved the issue; beforehand even restarting would not fix it. He does not have a surge protector and I thought that maybe some registry corruption had occurred due to a power surge, this might be a stupid answer though. Any ideas to what occurred with the machine would be most appreciated. No other issues have been found since the initial fault. The PC uses Windows 7 Home Premium installed on the SSD.

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• Intel RST crashing! IAStorUI unstable in win 8.1

  - by user269549

  I have a Z87E-ITX Asrock mobo. Using a new 64G Corsair SSD as cache and a new Western Digi Black Scorpion 750G 2.5" drive. Using windows 8.1. Latest software or not, I can't open Intel RST software without it saying IAStorUI has stopped working. A problem caused the program to stop working correctly blah blah. I have had some issues recently with Robotic sounds causing fps drops etc but found it was the HDD. After a standard windows scan and fix (& update to win 8.1) I haven't been able to open Intel RST. I thought maybe I should try to look for an SSD cache drive checker but as it doesn't show up as a drive, I'm unsure how any program can scan it.

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• Resetting "HDD Warning???" with Zalman ZM-VE400 external case

  - by 0xC0000022L

  Whenever I turn on (or plug in) the Zalman ZM-VE400 I have, it shows HDD Warning???. Sometimes briefly, sometimes until the Menu button is pressed. The case contains a SSD drive and as far as I understand the warning relates to the S.M.A.R.T. status of which this drive doesn't support all parts. How can I reset the warning so I don't receive it every time when turning on the drive? Firmware reports: V400_01_040_N Here's what I have tried so far: Unplug and plug back in Open the case and remove the SSD, then put it back in Press the button on the back side (cover removed) while plugged in Press the button on the back side (cover removed) while not plugged in USB Connect = Refresh = Enter USB Connect = Safe Removal = Enter Advanced = Umount VHDD = Enter

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• MySQL installation question.

  - by srtriage

  I am far from a DBA and have a question. Recently I installed MySQL. On my machine C:\ is a 50GB partition of two mirrored 10k SAS drives. The remaining space on those drives is allocated to D:. I also have a SSD mounted as E:. When I installed MySQL, I installed it to E:\ assuming that that is where the database information would be held since I had installed it there. I am now seeing C:\ProgramData\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.1\data\peq, peq being the name of my main database. Is my database being stored in C:\ and if so, how do I fix it to store the DB on the SSD?

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• Change programfiles variable on windows

  - by Fire-Dragon-DoL

  I have built a computer for a user that asked me for "speed": an SSD was the obvious solution because what he means by speed is "fast boot time". This solved the problem, however the user is not smart enough to remember that he must install programs on D rather than C (c is the ssd, D is an raid 1 hdd). The only solution that comes in my mind is changing programfiles variable such that will point to D rather than C by default. Otherwise, other solutions are ok but I really can't find anything else at the moment. Does anyone have recommendations for how to accomplish changing the default installation directory in Windows?

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• Exchanged HDD in MacBook Pro - OSX installation disk shows prohibitory sign

  - by Hedge

  I exchanged the HDD in my 2007 MacBook Pro and removed the dvd-drive because it was making terrible noise everytime I booted the MacBook. The new HDD is a Corsair Force F120 SATA SSD. Everytime I try to launch an OSX Lion installation disk or USB stick I get the grey prohibitory sign and the machine shuts down after a while. Since I didn't format the SSD beforehand there is still Windows 7 on it. It shows the white progress bar with the message "Windows is loading files" but never finishes it. I don't want Windows on that machine, just thought this fact may be important. Any ideas what is wrong?

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• Worth it to move /var to physical disk vs logical?

  - by Tammer Ibrahim

  Brief question about partition layout. I use an SSD for /, /boot, /usr, & /home partitions. I'd like to move /var to a mechanical disk to minimize writes to the SSD. I'm mainly concerned about maximizing drive life rather than maximizing performance (although I obviously wouldn't want to cripple my server). My mechanical disks consist of two drives sharing LVM, and a third used for nightly rsync backups. I also have a bunch of old 2.5in hard disks lying around. My question is, should I simply create a new LVM volume '/var' on my primary data store, or would it be worth the increased energy consumption (in terms of maximizing the lifetime of the LVMed drives) to install a low volume 2.5in disk to use just for /var? On a more general level my question is about the trade offs of placing OS mounts on the same physical volumes as my data. Thanks for any help!

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• Various problems with software raid1 array built with Samsung 840 Pro SSDs

  - by Andy B

  I am bringing to ServerFault a problem that is tormenting me for 6+ months. I have a CentOS 6 (64bit) server with an md software raid-1 array with 2 x Samsung 840 Pro SSDs (512GB). Problems: Serious write speed problems: root [~]# time dd if=arch.tar.gz of=test4 bs=2M oflag=sync 146+1 records in 146+1 records out 307191761 bytes (307 MB) copied, 23.6788 s, 13.0 MB/s real 0m23.680s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.932s When doing the above (or any other larger copy) the load spikes to unbelievable values (even over 100) going up from ~ 1. When doing the above I've also noticed very weird iostat results: Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 1589.50 0.00 54.00 0.00 13148.00 243.48 0.60 11.17 0.46 2.50 sdb 0.00 1627.50 0.00 16.50 0.00 9524.00 577.21 144.25 1439.33 60.61 100.00 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md2 0.00 0.00 0.00 1602.00 0.00 12816.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 And it keeps it this way until it actually writes the file to the device (out from swap/cache/memory). The problem is that the second SSD in the array has svctm and await roughly 100 times larger than the second. For some reason the wear is different between the 2 members of the array root [~]# smartctl --attributes /dev/sda | grep -i wear 177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0013 094% 094 000 Pre-fail Always - 180 root [~]# smartctl --attributes /dev/sdb | grep -i wear 177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0013 070% 070 000 Pre-fail Always - 1005 The first SSD has a wear of 6% while the second SSD has a wear of 30%!! It's like the second SSD in the array works at least 5 times as hard as the first one as proven by the first iteration of iostat (the averages since reboot): Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 10.44 51.06 790.39 125.41 8803.98 1633.11 11.40 0.33 0.37 0.06 5.64 sdb 9.53 58.35 322.37 118.11 4835.59 1633.11 14.69 0.33 0.76 0.29 12.97 md1 0.00 0.00 1.88 1.33 15.07 10.68 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md2 0.00 0.00 1109.02 173.12 10881.59 1620.39 9.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.01 3.10 0.02 7.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 What I've tried: I've updated the firmware to DXM05B0Q (following reports of dramatic improvements for 840Ps after this update). I have looked for "hard resetting link" in dmesg to check for cable/backplane issues but nothing. I have checked the alignment and I believe they are aligned correctly (1MB boundary, listing below) I have checked /proc/mdstat and the array is Optimal (second listing below). root [~]# fdisk -ul /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 512.1 GB, 512110190592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 62260 cylinders, total 1000215216 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00026d59 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 4196351 2097152 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 * 4196352 4605951 204800 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda3 4605952 814106623 404750336 fd Linux raid autodetect root [~]# fdisk -ul /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 512.1 GB, 512110190592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 62260 cylinders, total 1000215216 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0003dede Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 2097152 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sdb2 * 4196352 4605951 204800 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sdb3 4605952 814106623 404750336 fd Linux raid autodetect /proc/mdstat root # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md0 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[0] 204736 blocks super 1.0 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sdb3[1] sda3[0] 404750144 blocks super 1.0 [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[0] 2096064 blocks super 1.1 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: Running a read test with hdparm root [~]# hdparm -t /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing buffered disk reads: 664 MB in 3.00 seconds = 221.33 MB/sec root [~]# hdparm -t /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing buffered disk reads: 288 MB in 3.01 seconds = 95.77 MB/sec But look what happens if I add --direct root [~]# hdparm --direct -t /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 788 MB in 3.01 seconds = 262.08 MB/sec root [~]# hdparm --direct -t /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 534 MB in 3.02 seconds = 176.90 MB/sec Both tests increase but /dev/sdb doubles while /dev/sda increases maybe 20%. I just don't know what to make of this. As suggested by Mr. Wagner I've done another read test with dd this time and it confirms the hdparm test: root [/home2]# dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null bs=1G count=10 10+0 records in 10+0 records out 10737418240 bytes (11 GB) copied, 38.0855 s, 282 MB/s root [/home2]# dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/null bs=1G count=10 10+0 records in 10+0 records out 10737418240 bytes (11 GB) copied, 115.24 s, 93.2 MB/s So sda is 3 times faster than sdb. Or maybe sdb is doing also something else besides what sda does. Is there some way to find out if sdb is doing more than what sda does? UPDATE Again, as suggested by Mr. Wagner, I have swapped the 2 SSDs. And as he thought it would happen, the problem moved from sdb to sda. So I guess I'll RMA one of the SSDs. I wonder if the cage might be problematic. What is wrong with this array? Please help!

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• How to encrypt dual boot windows 7 and xp (bitlocker, truecrypt combo?) on sdd (recommended?)

  - by therobyouknow

  I would like to setup a dual boot Windows 7 and Windows XP laptop/notebook computer where each operation system's partition is fully encrypted. I would like to do this on a SSD - a 128Gb Crucial M4. My research Dual boot of truecrypt encrypted OSs on one drive (not possible - in Truecript 7.x at time of writing) This cannot be done on a standard Truecrypt setup - it will only support encrypting one of the operating systems. I have tried this and also read about it here on superuser.com However, I did see a solution here that uses grub4dos as the initial bootloader to chain to separate truecrypt encrypted OSs, in my case Windows 7 and Windows XP: http://yyzyyz.blogspot.co.uk/2010/06/truecrypt-how-to-encrypt-multiple.html I am not going to consider this solution as it relies upon some custom code for use in the bootloader that is provided by the author. I would prefer a solution that can be fully understood so that I can be sure that there is nothing undesirable occuring (i.e. malware or just simply bugs in the code). I would like to believe such a solution doesn't have those risks but I can't be sure. BitLocker and Truecrypt combination - possible solution? So I am now considering a combination of encryption programs: I now aim to encrypt Windows XP with Truecrypt and Windows 7 with BitLocker. Assuming Truecrypt bootloader can boot into non-Truecrypt OSs (e.g. via hitting Escape to go to another menu), then this solution may be viable. SSDs and Encryption (use fastest possible spinning hard disk instead (?)) I read on various superuser.com posts and elsewhere that current SSDs are not suited to whole drive encryption for various reasons: impact of performance algorithms that give SSDs advantage over spinning harddisks. Algorithms used in compression of data for example. Wear on the SSD, shortening its life Security issues whereby data is repeated, as indicated in some Truecrypt documentation So I am now considering not using SSD. But with the aim to have the fastest drive possible, I am considering using the Western Digital Scorpion black 2.5" 7200rpm harddisk as this appears to be top rated among spinning platter-based harddrives (don't work for Western Digital). Summary So to achieve whole drive encrypted dual boot Windows 7 and Windows XP with minimal performance impact I intend to use a combination of Truecrypt and Bitlocker on a top-rated conventional spinning platter-based harddisk. Questions Will my summary: achieve whole disk encryption of the dual-boot Windows XP, Windows 7? OR an you suggest a simpler solution, including one that only requires only Truecrypt (BitLocker not available on XP). Or another encryption tool, including paid-for? provide the highest performance. Am I correct to avoid using SDD with encryption for the reasons I discovered? Are the concerns about SSDs and encryption still very real (some articles I read go back to 2010) Thanks for your input!

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• Is a computer's DRAM size not as important once we get a Solid State Drive?

  - by Jian Lin

  I am thinking of getting a Dell X11 netbook, and it can go up to 8GB of DRAM, together with a 256GB Solid State Drive. So in that case, it can handle quite a bit of Virtual PC running Linux, and Win XP, etc. But is the 8GB of RAM not so important any more? Won't 2GB or 4GB be quite good if a Solid State Drive is used? I think the most worrying thing is that the memory is not enough and the less often used data is swapped to the pagefile on hard disk and it will become really slow, but with an SSD drive, the problem is a lot less of a concern? Is there a comparison as to, if DRAM speed is n, then SSD drive speed is how many n and hard disk speed is how many n just as a ball park comparison?

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• ACHI drivers for W8.1 with amd

  - by LeiNaD_87

  I hope you can help me... I just installed a SSD (Samsung EVO 840) and windows 8.1 pro in my pc with M5A99X EVO ( chipset AMD 990X/SB950 ) motherboard. The SSD is installed in sata3 socket using a sata3 wire. The AHCI mode is ON in the bios. I configured the ahci controller and now device administrator looks like this: All works, but the speed of the SDD is very slow (like a HDD). Samsung magician doesn't recognize the sata mode neither the ahci. I tried to install more drivers but the system broke and I need to reinstall windows :( I tried many things from the web, but any works: Modify windows registy Use compatibility mode Modify the amd drivers and install it unsigned Thank you for your time!! EDIT to add a CrystalDiskMark benchmark

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• Cannot read/write a second drive in MBP 13

  - by Carlos

  I changed my original HDD for a SDD earlier this year and I just got one more SSD for my MBP 13 (2012) that I used to replace DVD drive. I'm using Mountain Lion. The SSD looks to be recognized allright, but I can't format it. Then I removed the main drive and tried the new one as the main drive and did the boot using a USB drive with MAC OS and everyhing worked as it should (like I just had one drive). However when I bring the first drive back together with the second they both show up but I can't use it. Seems like I have no permission, but when I look at it's properties it says I can read and write to it. Any ideas? Thanks a lot!

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• Sudden slow read & write speed on all IO

  - by user23392

  I have a custom built rig that has 2 storage drives. for OS: Western Digital 1.0TB HARD DR 64MB for other stuff: Corsair Performance 3 128GB (SSD) [ expected read speed: 400 mb/s ] The system was incredibly fast for a couple of months, then one day i was playing a game then it started to get buggy (some sounds and objects disappearing), i stopped the game and the system seemed to be unstable so i had to shut it down, next morning i couldn't start it up, it was saying something about corrupt device. I formatted both disks and installed a fresh copy of windows, all i can say that since that day the system was never like before, it takes 10 minutes to boot up (the icons and desktop slowly appear). but once it's done the slowness isn't as noticeable. Here's my benchmark on the HDD ( read speed - write speed ): And the SSD: Anyone knows what could be the issue?

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• How do I install Visual Studio 2010 Express somewhere besides C:?

  - by TwentyMiles

  I have a SSD as my primary (C:) drive, mainly used for quickly loading games. It's pretty small (~30 GB) so I want to keep things that don't really need a speed boost off of it. I attempted installing the Visual Studio 2010 Express beta last night, and It claimed to require 2.1 GB of space so I changed the install directory to a secondary, non-SSD drive. After this, the installer said that it would use 1.8 GB on C: and ~200 MB on the secondary drive. While this token gesture of moving 1/10 of the app to the place I told it to is cute, I really want to install everything I can to the secondary drive. Is there any way to install all of Visual Studio 2010 Express to a drive besides C:?

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