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• Uninstalled Ubuntu, no GRLDR?

  - by user32965

  So I'm a big fat idiot. I installed Ubuntu 11.04 on my school's laptop, and here's come the time that I have to turn it back in. I wrote GRUB to the Master Boot Record, thinking it wasn't going to be permanent. So, fast forward to yesterday. I decided to hell with this, and popped in my Windows 7 CD, deleted the whole partition, formatted to NTFS, and installed Windows 7 on it. I'm surfing the web and my computer overheats [totally typical] I boot up, and get this: Try (hd0,0): FAT32: No GRLDR Try (hd0,1): invalid or null Try (hd0,2): invalid or null Try (hd0,3): invalid or null Try (hd1,0): NTFS5: No grldr Try (hd1,1): invalid or null Try (hd1,2): invalid or null Try (hd1,3): invalid or null Cannot find GRLDR. Press space bar to hold the screen, any other key to boot previous MBR... Timeout: 5 The timeout part just counts down to 0 from 5. I need to turn in this thing before tomorrow, please please please can someone help me out?

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• Alerting when a RAID Array disk fails locally on VMWare ESX or ESXi System

  - by Tim K

  With ESX and ESXi, we recently had two systems where that the boot partition became degraded due to a failed disk. The only alert we managed to capture was the visual alert on the Dell servers. We failed to received any electronic alerts regarding the failed or degraded array. Does anyone have any experience with monitoring for these types of failures? In both cases, the servers were running in a RAID 5 SCSI configuration (5 disks on one system, 3 disks on another) which if we were running a Windows Server OS, we would have had an alert created in the Eventviewer. Where would I begin to look for this solution. Can it be configured in VCenter or vFoglight?

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• How do I properly dual boot Ubuntu and Windows 7 on an UEFI system?

  - by S. Robert James

  I have an HP Z210 with Windows 7, which is UEFI based. I'd like to dual boot it to Ubuntu 11.10 with GRUB2, but am having problems due to the UEFI. The install CD goes to the end, but then the machine always boots right into Windows. These problems are apparently documented (here and here), but there's no consensus as to what the simplest solution is. Any recommendations? I want Ubuntu and Windows to both be bootable. (Perhaps if I knew more about UEFI and its system partition, and how it differs from BIOS and MBR, I'd be in a better position. So background answers explaining how UEFI loads up are very appreciated.)

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• Deleting Time Machine in Mac OS X 10.6.4

  - by cappuccino

  Does anyone know how to delete Time Machine in Mac OS X 10.6.4? Before answering: sudo rm -rf /whateverthetimemachineis does not work Disabling the ACL permissions first with sudo fsaclctl -p /whatever -d does not work, sudo: fsaclctl: command not found Use the delete all backup feature in Time Machine... this is slow as hell, would take days. Need a command line solution. No I don't want to reformat the drive, I have other content on it, and no don't say I should have separated on two partition or two drives, I did it this say since partitions cannot be dynamically changed, and two drives is annoying since, whats the point of having a big drive?... plus has no relation to the issue at hand. Already googlied for hours and read everything on Super User, nothing working. and all solutions are the first 4. Any clues?

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• Can I format a USB key in GUID mode in windows 7 to make it Mac OSX boot friendly?

  - by digiguru

  I have a macbookpro that wont boot properly. I've tried resetting the PRAM (holding down option - alt - P - R), but it doesn't work, it gets halfway through the boot process and says "You need to restart your computer" in several languages. Recently I downloaded a USB Key compatible Linux OS. This USB Key works as a boot loader on Windows machines, but on OSX it can only find the Harddrive partitions when I go into the boot loader menu (holding down Option on startup). I am assuming it is because it is formatted as FAT32, and not GUID Table. I believe my CD drive is also bust, it hasn't worked in a long time. I don't have another Mac computer, so is there a way I can format the USB key as GUID Partition from a windows 7 machine?

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• Resize PV on LVM

  - by Paul Tarjan

  I have this: Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 1217 9775552 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1218 60801 478608480 83 Linux And I'd like to shrink sda2 by about 10 Gigs to give some more space to sda1. sda2 is a PV on an LVM, but there is some free space in the VG so I don't have to worry about filesystem shrinking. How can I tell my LVM to move the data off of the first 10 gigs of sda2 and then redo my partition table to give it to sda1? (I don't have enough free space to just pvremove sda2, which would be the easy solution).

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• Ubuntu dual boot and grub error 18

  - by srboisvert

  I've attempted to install 9.04 on an older toshiba laptop with a new 300GB drive and am getting the dreaded Grub error 18 that indicates that grub is looking beyond the bios readable area of the HD and failing. I just let ubuntu roll with its default selections when installing and ended up with this: Drive layout /dev/sda1 -ntfs 128GB -boot /dev/sda2 -extended 170GB -lba /dev/sda5 -ntfs 167.59GB /dev/sda6 -ext3 2.33GB /dev/sda7 -linux-swap 172MB I'd like make the system dual bootable without having to reinstall windows (real pain since I would have to go through an obstructionist IT dept). I know I can make windows bootable with a rescue disk and fixmbr but is there something I can do to make it dual bootable using the ubuntu livecd? Alternately, what should I have done at the partition stage of ubuntu installation to avoid this?

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• How do I recover files from a corrupt VDI file?

  - by Eric P

  Is it possible to repair a corrupt VDI file? The OS on the VDI (XP) doesn't boot at all, it just hangs at a black screen. I was getting file errors before on its last boot, but now its not working at all. Sector viewer shows 'Invalid partition table Error loading operating system Missing operating system'. I tried mounting the file from the host OS, but it just says that the drive isn't formatted. I don't need to be able to run the VDI, but I do need some files that are on it. Is there any way to recover files from the corrupt VDI file?

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• Explorer.exe hangup during move large file into external drive

  - by PiotrK

  During move large files (700mb+) to external drive formated NTFS via USB 3.0 I've noticed strange things about explorer.exe (I am using Windows 7 up to date) Sometimes after move file the explorer get stuck (ie. it can happen after few files during move of several large files) - moving window freeze and I am unable to kill explorer (via taskmgr, or cmdline TASKKILL). In command line I've got something like this (taskmgr shows that explorer.exe is still running - I've got the same PID every time I try to kill it and no diagnostic message): C:\Windows\system32TASKKILL /F /IM explorer.exe SUKCES: proces "explorer.exe" o identyfikatorze PID 6296 zostal zakonczony. C:\Windows\system32TASKKILL /F /IM explorer.exe SUKCES: proces "explorer.exe" o identyfikatorze PID 6296 zostal zakonczony. If I try to run another explorer.exe process at this point, I got desktop icon and start bar back but I cannot open any explorer window After few minutes explorer.exe finally dies and I am able to rerun it without rebooting File that I moved have two copies - one local and one on the external drive (the original file wasn't delete after move); Both copies seems to contain the same data (same length and CRC info) If this happen during move of multiply files, only some files are moved and one of them have two copies (both locally and on the external drive) What can I do to fix those explorer hangs? Added: The same problem exist when copying files, it hangsup between large files Similar problem exist when I tried to use TotalCommander (x64): copying paused at 80% of one of files, TC didn't hung up (but clicking cancel in copying dialog box doesn't have any effect). During this pause I can't kill TotalCmd.exe just like Explorer.exe Added (2): This problem seems to disappear when I use 32 bit applications (like TotalCommander (x86) ), but I need to do more testing to be sure of this Added (3): There are several errors in event log, source: disk, id: 11, qualifiers: 49156, task: 0, level: 2, keywords: 0x80000000000000 (This may be important, and I forgot to mention this): Main disk is encrypted via Truecrypt (boot-in password)

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• How to efficiently dump a huge MySQL innodb database?

  - by Jagbir

  I got an Ubuntu 10.04 production MySQL database server where total size of database is 260 GB while size of root partition is itself 300 GB where DB is stored, essentially means around 96% of / is full and there's no space left for storing dump/backup etc. No other disk is attached to server as of now. My task is to migrate this database to other server sitting in different datacenter. Question is how to do that efficiently with minimum downtime? I'm thinking in line of: Request to attach an extra drive to server and take a dump in that drive. Transfer dump to new server, restore it and make new server slave of existing one to keep data in sync When migration is needed, break replication, update slave config to accept read/write requests and make old server read-only so it won't entertain any write requests and tell app developers to update there config with new IP address for db. What's your suggestions to improve this or any alternate better approach for this task?

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• How to upgrade to Windows 8.1 on a machine with a Users folder on a separate drive?

  - by ahsteele

  I tried to upgrade from Windows 8 to Windows 8.1. Unfortunately, during the upgrade process I receive the following error: Sorry, it looks like this PC can't run Windows 8.1. This might be because the Users or Program Files folder is being redirected to another partition. Which is accurate in that I have my Users directory on my D: drive and Windows installed on my C: drive. I do this because my C: drive is an SSD drive and D: drive is a spinning rust drive where I keep my data. Is it possible to upgrade to Windows 8.1 from a Windows 8 install with a redirected Users folder? I do not consider a full reinstall of Windows 8 with a non-mapped Users folder and then upgrading that installation to be "upgrading."

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• XP can't read data from transferred HD

  - by Alexander Miller

  Computer A, running XP, died. XP was installed on a fresh HD in computer B. Slaved data-backup HD from A was installed as slave on B. B will not read it; shows only 2 folders, Recycler and System Volume Info. All of these are older machines with IDE drives. What's going on & how can I read/transfer the data from the transferred drive? This was only a trial run. Actually I will need to transfer the master HD from A - which has XP on it - and read from its data partition because (blush) the backup drive was not up to date.

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• My 4 GB microSD card only allows me to use 1 GB

  - by James Litewski

  My phone came with a 4 GB microSD card. On the card it lists that 3 GB goes to Muve Music which is Cricket's music program, and I get 1 GB... Well, I don't pay for Muve Music, so why waste the space? I thought I'd be able to simply buy an adapter and reformat the microSD card to get the full 4 GB; but that wasn't the case... I could only find the 1 GB partition on the card. I even tried reformatting the disk, but I had no luck. How can I get the full 4 GB? BTW, I'm running Mac OS X v10.7 (Lion).

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• How to make gpg2 flush the stream?

  - by Vi

  I want to get some slowly flowing data saved in encrypted form at the device which can be turned off abruptly. But gpg2 seems to not to flush it's output frequently and I get broken files when I try to read such truncated file. vi@vi-notebook:~$ cat asdkfgmafl asdkfgmafl ggggg ggggg 2342 2342 cat behaves normally. I see the output right after input. vi@vi-notebook:~$ gpg2 -er _Vi --batch ?pE??x...(more binary data here)....???-??.... asdfsadf 22223 sdfsdfasf Still no data... Still no output... ^C gpg: signal Interrupt caught ... exiting vi@vi-notebook:~$ gpg2 -er _Vi --batch /tmp/qqq skdmfasldf gkvmdfwwerwer zfzdfdsfl ^\ gpg: signal Quit caught ... exiting Quit vi@vi-notebook:~$ gpg2 " 2048-bit ELG key, ID 78F446CA, created 2008-01-06 (main key ID 1735A052) gpg: [don't know]: 1st length byte missing vi@vi-notebook:~$ # Where is my "skdmfasldf" How to make gpg2 to handle such case? I want it to put enough output to reconstruct each incoming chunk of input. (Also fsyncing after each output can be benefitial as an additional option). Should I use other tool (I need pubkey encryption).

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• My WD passport detected but not shown on my computer

  - by Rakesh Patel

  1TB WD harddisk is detected in laptop but drives not visible on my computer. Under disk managment drives shown without letters. Right clicking on these drives give 2 options: Delete volume Help. The same harddisk was running well on the same laptop a day before. It is also showing full size of hard drives, Healthy (Primary Partition) etc. (this happened after harddisk usage by guest). Harddisk is new only (about 5 month usage) Please suggest: Is there hardware related problem inside harddisk, if so is it repairable? Is there any option to recover data?

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• CentOS 6.5 new Kernel not active after reboot

  - by Kristofer

  Today I was running some yum updates and wanted to verify that everything went through fine by making sure I had a new kernel. To my surprise I noticed that CentOS was still running 2.6.32-431.5.1.el6.x86_64 even though it looked as though 2.6.32-431.23.3.el6 was installed. Indeed 2.6.32-431.23.3.el6 shows up in /etc/grub.conf but not in the upstart boot options. Any ideas why? In the update log it says: ---> Package kernel-firmware.noarch 0:2.6.32-431.5.1.el6 will be updated ---> Package kernel-firmware.noarch 0:2.6.32-431.23.3.el6 will be an update Could this be the reason? What does "will be an update" mean? My /etc/grub.conf: # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-root # initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img #boot=/dev/vda default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu password --encrypted $1$auui(i$sODM4ni/Zts9IlMWu.wWF/ title CentOS (2.6.32-431.23.3.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.23.3.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=sv-latin1 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup00/swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup00/root rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet rhgb quiet audit=1 initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-431.23.3.el6.x86_64.img title CentOS (2.6.32-431.5.1.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.5.1.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=sv-latin1 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup00/swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup00/root rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet rhgb quiet audit=1 initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-431.5.1.el6.x86_64.img title CentOS (2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=sv-latin1 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup00/swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup00/root rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet rhgb quiet audit=1 initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img

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• FreeNAS pool configuration - RAID1 + other drives

  - by trnelson

  Simple questions, really. I found this answer with a similar setup, but not sure it answers my question. If it does, I'm curious why since the answer seems a bit unsure: ZFS Hard Drive Configuration in FreeNAS I'm building a server which will be used primarily for backup, plus some media streaming, possibly with Plex. I seem to understand most everything I need, but I'm still a bit confused on how pools work, and how to configure them for my scenario. I will have 2x 2TB WD Red drives, which I plan on using in a mirrored set up (RAID1). This would be for backup, and I'd also like to do offsite backup to my CrashPlan account from this array. I also have a few other drives: 1.5TB, 320GB, 250GB. I'm not sure exactly what to do with them yet, but looking for options. FreeNAS OS will be running from a 16GB USB Flash drive. Would it be wise to use the 1.5TB as a backup-backup, essentially as a mirror or perhaps for snapshots of the 2TB RAID1? I'm still learning about snapshots. Should the 2TB mirrored drives be in their own pool? Should the other drives be set up in their own pools as well, or should they be JBOD in a single pool? They may or may not get much use since the 2TB array is plenty for me. Does a dataset basically mimic the idea of a partition or a network share? In other words, I would map \SERVER\Share to X: on my laptop? Let's say I wanted to use the 250GB drive as an encrypted drive to store all of my cat pictures. Would it have to be in its own pool? If I use jails apps, should they go in the backup RAID1, or in another place? Thank you!

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• Setting up Gitosis, where to create the repos?

  - by ReynierPM

  I'm trying to setup Gitosis on CentOS 6.2 but have some doubts/problems about it. I read this docs here, here and here but it's unclear to me where to configure where repositories are created. My server has a partition /data where I create a directory and called /gitrepos. I want all the repos created under that directory. By default if I run the command: gitosis-init < /home/reynierpm/reynierpm.pub I get this Initialized empty Git repository in /root/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/ Reinitialized existing Git repository in /root/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/ And I want this repos created under /data/gitrepos, any help? Thanks in advance

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• ExtX file system on my usb key

  - by yves Baumes

  Hi all, if I format my usb key with an extX file system, copy some files on it and then give it to a friend for him to add files or modify existing one on this key, then he is rejected by its own system. Because its User ID (UID) nor GID are the same as mine on my machine. How to get rid of this limitation? Is it possible to disable user rights on a ext2/ext3 partition? Of course, I would really like not to rely on any other file system.

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• Sorting out mSSD acceleration on a Acer M3-581TG

  - by PhonicUK

  I recently purchased a Acer Timeline M3 Ultra, it ships with a 500GB HDD and a 20GB mSSD to use as a cache. First thing I did when I got it was format the drives and install a clean OS (on the HDD, the mSSD has nothing on it) - but now I can't figure out how everything needs to be configured in order to use the mSSD as a cache, it just looks like a standard storage drive. I've poked around in the BIOS and there is a SATA mode setting, but it only has one option (AHCI), most of the documentation I've seen on the subject says that the SATA controller needs to be in RAID mode otherwise 'Acceleration' isn't visible in the Intel SRT menu (which for me, it isn't) I've seen a few things that suggest I just need the correct partition layout, I tried this using fdisk from a Linux LiveCD but got nowhere. Any ideas? The laptop shipped with no recovery media so I'm marginally stumped. I don't have any issue with reformatting again if required.

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• Ubuntu Linux: Process swap memory and memory usage

  - by David Halter

  My Ubuntu eats more memory than the task manager is showing: sudo ps -e --format rss | awk 'BEGIN{c=0} {c+=$1} END{print c/1024}' 1043.84 free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3860 1878 1982 0 20 679 -/+ buffers/cache: 1178 2681 Swap: 2729 1035 1693 That's strange. Can someone explain this difference? But what is more important: I'd like to know how much memory a process is really using. I don't want to know the virtual memory size, but rather the resident memory plus swap of a process. I have also tried to output the format param "sz" of 'ps', but the sum of this is to high (5450 MB) (param 'size' gives 8323.45 MB). Are there any other options? I really want to use this, to determine which programs/processes are eating to much memory (and swap), to kill them, because hibernate might not be working if the swap partition is to little.

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• Copying files between linux machines with strong authentication but without encryption

  - by Zizzencs

  I'm looking for a suitable program to copy files from one linux machine to another one. The program should be able to do authentication but it should not do encryption. The reason behind the latter is the lack of CPU power to do the encryption. I copy backups from ~70 machines to a single backup server simultaneously. The single server is an HP Proliant DL360 G7, with 10 Gbps ethernet connection and an FC storage backend that can do 4 Gbps. Through FTP I can write ~400MB/sec to the storage (that's about what I want) but through ssh with arcfour I can only do ~100MB/sec while having 100% CPU usage. That's why I want file transfers not to be encrypted. The alternatives that I found not really suitable: rcp: no authentication, forget it FTP: making the authentication "secure" (at least preventing plain-text password exchange) is possible but not really easy and I haven't found a method to force any FTP daemon to encrypt the control channel (for the authentication) and not to encrypt the data channel (for data transfers) SCP/SFTP: in farely recent ssh(d) implementations you can't turn off encryption. The best you can do is to use the arcfour cypher for the encryption but it sill uses too much CPU power for my needs. rsync over ssh: same problems as with SCP/SFTP. plain rsync: from the documentation of rsyncd: "The authentication protocol used in rsync is a 128 bit MD4 based challenge response system. This is fairly weak protection, though (with at least one brute-force hash-finding algorithm publicly available), so if you want really top-quality security, then I recommend that you run rsync over ssh." It's a no-go. Is there a protocol/program that can do exactly what I want? (A big plus would be if it could work on windows as well and/or if it would support rsync-stlye copying/synchronization (e.g. copy only the differences).)

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• What characters are illegal in Cisco IOS username secret passwords?

  - by Alain O'Dea

  I am using username secret to add users with encrypted passwords to our switches and firewall. I have been battling with the same switches and firewall for a couple of hours trying to get securely generated hard passwords for all admins. Sometimes, the passwords would go into config, but wouldn't work for login. According to the documentation for enable secret a password must not begin with a number and ? has to be entered as Ctrl-V then ? to escape it. I followed that and still got passwords I could not use sometimes. There was no error when I ran username, but the password would be rejected on login by some, but not all of the switches. They are all WS-C2960-48PST-L. The passwords it didn't like contained back ticks "`" (that character under tilde ~ under Esc). The "misbehaving" switches are running: Cisco IOS Software, C2960 Software (C2960-LANBASEK9-M), Version 12.2(50)SE5, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) The "working" switches are running: Cisco IOS Software, C2960 Software (C2960-LANBASEK9-M), Version 12.2(46)SE, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2). The "misbehaving" switches are running a newer IOS, so this suggests a regression introduced somewhere between 12.2(46)SE and 12.2(50)SE5. I was unable to find any evidence of this being intentional in the release notes for 12.2(50)SE. I would like to avoid this next time the passwords are changed :) What characters are illegal in Cisco IOS username secret passwords? Thank you for your help :)

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• Get error (Repair Filesystem) 1 # when I install 4 new Hard drives in RedHat Linux 5 on a Dell PowerEdge 2900

  - by Alos Diallo

  Hi I am using a Dell PowerEdge 2900 running RedHat 5. I had 4 drives in the system using a Raid 5, I purchased and installed 4 more drives keeping the configuration the same. Set up the Vertual disks in PERC 6/i. When I exit out and reboot the system I get the following: fsck.ext3: No such file or dirrectory while trying open /dev/ddb1 [FAILED] ***An error occurred during the file system check. ***Dropping you to a shell; the system will reboot ***when you leave the shell. Then am prompted for the root pw. I enter it and am then prompted with: (Repair filesystem) 1# if I type fdisk -l I get some info on the disk along with: Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table I am then prompted for (Repair filesystem) 2# If I reboot I am taken to the same screen again. The system was working before this happened. Does anyone know why this is happening and or what I can do to fix it? Thanks

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• Windows undetectable after interrupted chkdsk

  - by Felthragar

  I have a computer that is running Windows XP. For some reason, the other day it wouldn't start giving me the following message: "ntoskrnl.exe is missing or corrupt" So I put the XP disc in the tray and fired up the repair console and ran the following: chkdsk /r It was on for about eight hours and it got to about 52% I believe. Then there was a power outage and the computer shut down (obviously). Today when I was booting it, it isn't even detecting there's an OS anymore. If I boot the computer with no cd in the tray it says: "Reboot and select a proper Boot device or Insert Boot Media in selected Boot device and press a key" If I run the repair console, or the xp installation program it isn't finding any OS installations. Any ideas on what to do next? Any help is appreciated. Thanks! Update: After turning boot-time diagnostics on, I got this message when booting without cd (instead of the previous one): "Couldn't open drive multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)"

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