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• In a virtual machine monitor such as VMware's ESXi Server, how are shadow page tables implemented?

  - by ali01

  My understanding is that VMMs such as VMware's ESXi Server maintain shadow page tables to map virtual page addresses of guest operating systems directly to machine (hardware) addresses. I've been told that shadow page tables are then used directly by the processor's paging hardware to allow memory access in the VM to execute without translation overhead. I would like to understand a bit more about how the shadow page table mechanism works in a VMM. Is my high level understanding above correct? What kind of data structures are used in the implementation of shadow page tables? What is the flow of control from the guest operating system all the way to the hardware? How are memory access translations made for a guest operating system before its shadow page table is populated? How is page sharing supported? Short of straight up reading the source code of an open source VMM, what resources can I look into to learn more about hardware virtualization?

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• Linux Disk Setup for VMs

  - by zjherner

  Been trying to find the ideal way to setup disks/partitions for Linux guests on ESXi. Seems as though Linux is falling behind when it comes easily adding disk space. The end goal is to be able to add disk space to a Linux server without rebooting the server or taking the server offline. Ideally, I would expect adding disk to a Linux machine should be as easy as adding disk space to a Windows machine. I expand the vmdk file from vSphere Open disk mangler find the disk and extend volume. Would have to use command line tools in linux which is no big deal, but I haven't been able to find a solid way to exand filesystems on the fly. What is everyone else using for disk setups on their linux guests? Has anyone been able to acheive adding storage space to linux without downtime? Can it be done without using lvm?

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• diskpart on RDM's ...

  - by karnash

  HI, We have ESXi cluster which is attached to clariion CX4 We have windows 2008 R2 as the guest OS. Attahed to this vm is 2 x 1.95T RDM's I select disk 1 create partition primary size=1 (1MB) then list partition Partition ### Type Size Offset * Partition 1 Primary 1024 KB 1024 KB Then I do the same for the other disk and offset is 1024KB I need to present 4T disk to this vm so I right click on disk 1 convert to simple volume then extend it by adding the second disk now when I do list partition, I see the off set is set to 31k. Can anyone please guide me. Thanks

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• Reconciling vmware memory vs windows memory usage

  - by RyanW

  I have a Windows 2008 R2 64 bit virtual machine on ESXi 4.1 host. The host reports that the virtual machine is actively using less than 1 GB of memory. But, in Windows it's reporting the machine is using 7 GB of memory, even though the total of the processes listed in task manager is less than 1 GB. The machine is rather unresponsive and I'm concerned this is impacting other applications (server's purpose is to run ASP.NET state server process, which has been having trouble and led me to spot the memory question). I just noticed High memory usage Windows Server 2008r2 on VMware and will be looking through those documents more, but what is causing this?

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• ESXi5 - management services crashes - vms running

  - by Frederik Nielsen

  I have a setup with two ESXi5 servers. We are(were) running with a ISCSi box to server disk for the VM's - however we are in the progress of migrating away from it, because the storage os disk is bad. Now, one of the ESXi hosts has been running for ~20hrs, and it seems like the management services just crashed on that host.. The vms are still running - so it's not really serious. However, I want to fix it. Should I be worried? Will the VM's keep running? The hosts does respond on pings. I am running a vcenter to administrate the hosts. Thanks in advance.

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• ESXi Server with 12 physical cores maxed out with only 8 cores assigned in virtual machines

  - by Sam

  I have an ESXi 5 server running on a 2-processor, 12-core system with hyperthreading enabled. So: 12 physical cores, 24 logical ones. On this server are 4 Windows 7 VMs, each configured for 2 processors, each running VMware Tools. Looking at my stats in vSphere, my "core utilization" is constantly maxed out. Yes, these machines are working hard, but only 8 cores have been allocated. How is this possible? Should I look into reducing the processor count per machine as in this post: VMware ESX server? I checked to ensure that hardware virtualization is enabled in the BIOS of the machine (a DELL R410). I've also started reading up on configuration, but being a newbie there's a lot of material to catch up on. It also seems I should only bother with advanced settings and pools if I'm really pushing the load, and I don't think that I should be pushing it with so few VMs. I suspect that I have some basic, incorrect configuration setting, but it's also possible that I have some giant misconceptions about virtualization. Any pointers? EDIT: Given the responses I've gotten so far, it seems that this is a measurement problem and not a configuration problem, making this less critical. Perhaps the real question is: How does the core utilization of the server reach a higher percentage than all individual cores' core utilization, and given that this possibility makes the metric useless for overall server load, what is the best global metric for measuring CPU load on hyper-threaded systems?

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• Migrate OS Install to VMWare Virtual Machine

  - by rockinthesixstring

  I have Windows Server 2003 installed on my server. I'd really like to be running it via VMWare EXSi as a virtual machine, but I don't what to have to reconfigure the whole deal. Is there a relatively painless way to move it to a virtual machine? It will be staying on the same box with the exact same hardware... nothing changes. Thoughts?

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• slow interactive response time

  - by ndhert

  VMWare ESXi4 with 2 VM's (FreeBSD-amd64). When doing a reboot on one of the VM's, the reboot is done in normal speed, but after that, the interactive response time on the other gets very slow: pressing return at the command prompt, takes serveral seconds to be exectuted. SSH-ing to the VM machine takes a long time before you are logged in. Only after 20 minutes or so, the situation is normalized. What's the reason and how to remedy?

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• Is there a way to import or convert vmware player images to run on xen?

  - by Shamgar

  It's fairly popular for companies offering a quick way to test their product to give you a vmware player image. I don't run VMWare though, I run Xen exclusively. Most of these images (and the one I'm interested right this moment particularly) are linux images. Is there a way to use this image with Xen? Obviously, I could setup player long enough to boot the image, then move the data out of the image to a Xen image, but I'm hoping for something easier and quicker than that...preferably that doesn't require setting up a box to run player than can run this image.

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• Troubleshooting PXE-E11: ARP Timeout error under VMware ESXi 4 and HPSA 7.8

  - by warren

  I am running HP Server Automation v7.8 in a lab environment on VMware ESXi, managed via vSphere 4. On the same host I have several small VMs for OS provisioning testing (512MB RAM, 10GB hdd, one NIC on the same vSwitch that HPSA is running on). DHCP is configured to hand-out addresses in the 192.168.10.151-200 range. On boot of the VM, it receives an IP (eg 192.168.10.198) within seconds. However, after it receives its IP, a PXE-E11: ARP Timeout error occurs in trying to boot from the DHCP server. I do not know if this is a HPSA-specific error, as I have seen reports of the PXE-E11 error on various forums. Proposed solutions I have seen so far (changing VLAN settings, for example) have not been applicable to my environment. Are there any pointers/troubleshooting steps that can be taken to resolve this?

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• Stream Music To Ventrilo From ESXi VM

  - by omghai2u

  I would like to stream music to my Ventrilo server from a Windows XP virtual machine running on an ESXi host. I have followed the instructions outlined here to stream music from something like VLC to the Ventrilo server on another machine and it works fine. I have also added the lines: sound.present = "TRUE" sound.virtualDev = "es1371" sound.fileName = "-1" sound.autodetect = "TRUE" to my .vmx file, as suggested here (http://communities.vmware.com/thread/191878), to get a sound card in my VM. The problem I am having is that it seems that my VM is not outputting any sound, so there's nothing to stream through Ventrilo. The Device Manager on the VM shows that this new sound card has drivers and doesn't appear to have any concerns with it. Can someone point me in the right direction to get my desired outcome? Thanks! PS. sorry for the long 2nd link, apparently I can only post 1 hyperlink with this low reputation.

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• Resize Ubuntu Linux system to smaller disk inside VMware ESXi

  - by mlambie

  I have several Ubuntu Linux virtual machines running on VMware ESXi hosts that have all been allocated disks much larger than their required capacity. As space is now becoming an issue on our SAN, I'd like to investigate downsizing the allocated disk space on these machines. All systems will be completely backed up imaged before I begin making changes, and I will always retain a pristine backup in case the partition resizing does not work. Is there an easier way than the following procedure, or is their a better solution entirely? Shutdown and assign a second disk to the virtual machine Boot using the SystemRescueCD Use GParted to resize the original (source) partition, making it smaller Clone the new, smaller partition to the second disk Shutdown and remove initial disk from the virtual machine Reboot and force fsck to check the filesystem

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• What are the most important aspects to consider when choosing a SAN for a small office virtualizatio

  - by Prof. Moriarty

  I am in the process of consolidating 6 physical servers running 6 different operating system flavors (don't ask) into two identical physical servers (Dell PowerEdge 2900), using the free VMware ESXi 4.0 platform. We will install an iSCSI SAN over a 1GbE network, and store all virtual machine images on the SAN. Each physical server would run 3 VMs, and in the case of a physical server failure, we would manually switch over the other 3. These are all internal servers, while important, they can tolerate some amount of downtime (say <1h) to keep cost and complexity associated with HA down. I now need to choose the SAN to be used for the setup, on a low budget. We currently have about 2TB of data, but of course I want to able to grow, do backups of VM snapshots on other drives and remove them to a different location, etc. So what I would like to know is: Which are the must have features for this setup, without which using a SAN is not worth it? We are mostly a Dell shop, so I have been looking at the EqualLogic PS4000E High Availability model. Any opinions, anecdotes, bad experiences with this model? (This is one of the few models which could accomodate our existing disks from the physical servers.) If you can recommend something that is not Dell, but it has better value, I would most definitely consider it. Caveats, things to look out for?

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• Data Store/Volume disconnecting. How to resume copy of VMDK?

  - by Serge

  I'm having an issue with my ESXi 4.1 hosts losing the datastore with FC SAN after a power outage. All 3 hosts disconnect so it's definitely a SAN issue. I've tried to resolve the issue on the SAN side with the SAN software support and Adaptec hardware support. No luck there. So I'm stuck with a SAN that will randomly disconnect the volume. I need to get the virtual machines (VMDK files) from the datastore. The problem is I can only get 5-20% before the data store disconnects. I have backups that are slightly older that I can use to replicate the VMDK differences to. What has not worked so far: Powering up the VMs, will boot up for 5-15 minutes then freeze vCenter migrate or clone of VM, will fail after similar period of time vCenter copy/paste of VMDK. Was able to get one 30GB VMDK and no luck after that. vMware Data Recovery. Fails at low %, can't resume, so next backup starts from begining. Veeam Backup & Recovery. Same as above, no resume function. If I can just find a backup solution that will resume from the failed spot that would solve my issue. Anyone have any ideas that I could try? EDIT 1 The SAN is Open-E DSS 6 running on a Supermicro 24 drive enclosure with 4 port Qlogic FC. Adaptec 52445 RAID card.

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• Virtual machine lost after power cut

  - by dannymcc

  We have just had a power issue and our ESX (ESXi 4.1.0) host lost power and then rebooted. All but one of the virtual servers have rebooted with no problem, however one of them refused to power up. I try to power it on and I get the following error: File <unspecified filename> was not found Reason: The system cannot find the file specified. Cannot open the disk '/vmfs/volumes/4e03076e-90834647-b846-001185c38f42/LAMP- Stack/turnkey-lamp-11.3-lucid-x86.vmdk' or one of the snapshot disks it depends on. VMware ESX cannot find the virtual disk "/vmfs/volumes/4e03076e-90834647-b846- 001185c38f42/LAMP-Stack/turnkey-lamp-11.3-lucid-x86.vmdk". Verify the path is valid and try again. I have logged into the ESX host to see if the file is there an have found only the following file that matches the filename: /vmfs/volumes/4e03076e-90834647-b846-001185c38f42/LAMP-Stack/turnkey-lamp-11.3-l ucid-x86-s001.vmdk I notice that the above file has '-s001' after the filename. Is this recoverable? Any help of advice is greatly appreciated! EDIT: Running ls -l on the directory that contains the file shows this: drwxr-xr-t 1 root root 1680 Feb 9 09:49 4e03076e-90834647-b846-001185c38f42 The databrowser file system looks like this: and in a different directory there is the file that matches the missing one:

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• File corruption (bad checksums) in large files copied to VMware guest

  - by AllanA

  In setting up a development lab, I've got a desktop system running ESXi 4.1.0 (free license) on SATA RAID 0 (already purchased and configured when I started this job; I'm open to hardware input as it pertains to my problem.) Its guests so far include two Win2008 Server R2 64-bit VMs and on Ubuntu 10.04 64-bit VM. I'm installing onto the Windows servers. We've been copying off some fairly large files (over a gigabyte) for an installation, hoping to install more quickly from a (virtual) hard drive than from the network for from BD-ROM. The problem is that they keep coming up with different checksums from the originals. The file sizes are the same, but md5sum reports different numbers (and so does the installer, as it refuses to continue when the checksums don't match.) I've tried copying directly from the BD-ROM (attaching the OS drive to the host system's physical drive). I've tried copying the large files onto a co-worker's Windows machine from his Blu-Ray drive; when I do that, the checksums match. But when I copy from his machine to the VM guest over a network share, the checksums no longer match. Thinking this meant a corrupt destination drive, I deleted it in vSphere and added another freshly created drive. The problem persists. I'm not sure what to try next.

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• Nested RDP and ILO/VMWare console sessions, latency and keystroke repetition

  - by ewwhite

  I'm working on a remote server installation entirely through ILO. Due to the software application and environment, my access is restricted to a Windows server that I must access through RDP. Going from that system to the target server is accomplished via HP ILO2 or ILO3. I'm trying to run a CentOS installation in an environment where I can't use a kickstart. I'm doing this via text mode, but the keystrokes are repeating randomly and it's difficult to select the proper installation options. For example: ks=http://all.yourbase.org/kickstart/ks.cfg ends up looking like: ks====httttttp://allll..yourbaseee.....org/kicksstart/ks.cccfg I'm doing this using Microsoft's native RDP client (on Mac and Windows). I've also noticed this before when running installations or doing remote work in nested sessions. Same for typing into a VMWare console in some cases. Is there a nice fix for this, or it it simply a function of the protocol(s)?

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• Vmware sphere setting up external network

  - by Tom Beech

  I've just setup vmware vsphere 5 on a remote server (rented dedicated server). I've added my first VPS (centos 5.8) barebones. It's not finding any IP (internal or external) on boot. I've had an extra external IP assigned to my server that I wanted to use on the VPS. I tried editing the eth0 config and adding the IP in there and turning off the DHCP, but it can't find any IP or ping google or do any networking type things. How do I route the IP to my VPS so I can access it remotely?

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• SNMP - Value of CPU processor load not reflecting reality

  - by Ovesh

  Trying to plot CPU load on my server, with the following hardware: ProLiant DL360p Gen8 (same behavior on ProLiant DL360 G7). The machine is running VMWare ESXi5.1 To create a CPU spike I run dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null, and I know the CPU is overloaded, because I can see a correlating spike in the graphs displayed on vCenter. However, running this snmpwalk: snmpwalk -v 1 -c ******** 192.168.MY_IP 1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.3.1.2 Shows the following results: iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.3.1.2.1 = INTEGER: 3 iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.3.1.2.2 = INTEGER: 2 iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.3.1.2.3 = INTEGER: 2 iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.3.1.2.4 = INTEGER: 3 Am I not looking into the right MIB? Should I be multiplying these by a constant? By the way, using HP Agentless Monitoring I was able to get some cpu stats, but not what I'm looking for, at least nothing I could find wading through these MIBs.

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• Crazy VM clock drift

  - by SimonJGreen

  This is taken from an Ubuntu 10.10 VM running on ESX5: Nov 3 21:58:50 server1 ntpd[21169]: adjusting local clock by 31.187370s Nov 3 22:02:36 server1 ntpd[21169]: adjusting local clock by 31.159808s Nov 3 22:05:18 server1 ntpd[21169]: adjusting local clock by 31.067579s Nov 3 22:07:59 server1 ntpd[21169]: adjusting local clock by 30.952187s Nov 3 22:11:38 server1 ntpd[21169]: adjusting local clock by 30.890147s According to the VMWare KB no kernel tweaks should be needed for Ubuntu 10.10 to maintain time to their standards. What's especially odd is the drift seems fairly consistent. Any help appreciated on this one!

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• VMWare Hypervisor vSphere 5 - VM static ip from VLAN NAT

  - by Ian Livingstone

  I have a VMWare vSphere 5 Hypervisor server that has a static ip address assigned to it by VLAN that is configured to perform NAT. The static IP is assigned to the bare metal server via the NIC's mac address. I want to setup a guest machine to also have a static ip address, how can I go about having this setup? I have assigned a IP for the guest's MAC Address but it doesn't seem to be working as when I ping the ip address it does not respond. The guest is running ubuntu 10.04 server edition. I am trying to assign it a static public ip address. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Update kernel patch for VMware Player 4.0.3

  As I stated some days ago, after upgrading to Ubuntu Precise Pangolin, aka 12.04 LTS, I had a minor obstacle with VMware products. Today, VMware offered to upgrade to Player 4.0.3 due to security-related reasons. Initially, I thought that this update might have the patch for kernel 3.2.0 integrated but sadly that is not the case. 'Hacking' the kernel patch My first intuitive try to run the existing patch against the sources of VMware Player 4.0.3 failed, as the patch by Stefano Angeleri (weltall) is originally written explicitely against Workstation 8.0.2 and Player 4.0.2. But this is nothing to worry about seriously. Just fire up your favourite editor of choice and modify the version signature for VMware Player, like so: nano patch-modules_3.2.0.sh And update line 8 for the new version: plreqver=4.0.3 Save the shell script and run it as super-user (root): sudo ./patch-modules_3.2.0.sh In case that you previously patched your VMware sources you have to remove some artifacts beforehand. Otherwise, the patch script will inform you like so: /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source/.patched found. You have already patched your sources. Exiting In that case, simply remove the 'hidden' file and run the shell script again: sudo rm /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source/.patchedsudo ./patch-modules_3.2.0.sh To finalise your installation either restart the vmware service or reboot your machine. On first start VMware will present you their EULA which you have to accept, and everything gets back to normal operation mode. Currently, I would assume that in case of VMware Workstation 8.0.3 you can follow the same steps as just described.

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• spurious hardware memory 'errors' on hp dl380 g5's being generated

  - by friedchicken

  Hi All, i've got 2 new HP dl380g5 servers running HP's esxi4 patched to 219382. they have both been patched up to the latest hp firmware levels (firmware cd 8.7) both are running 32gb (4 x 8gb sticks) both servers are showing the same symptoms - the memory lights come on for two (random) dimms on the front of the server and the health led turns red. sometimes the server stays up and running with no problems. othertimes the server locks dead and only a power reset can bring it back. there is nothing showing in the ilo logs and nothing within the vmware hardware monitoring. the memory has been replaced i've got other customers that have been running dl380g5's with out any issues on esx3.5 - this is our first vsphere deployment with them. these are meant to go live soon so any advice would be great. thanks in advance.

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• Getting started with the vCenter Web Client Administration tool

  - by Saariko

  I am trying to access a newly vCenter. The documentation clearly mentions to access the web-admin through: https://localhost:9443/admin-app but since I don't have a windows OS built under the vCenter (I use the vCenter Appliance) There is no localhost to use. If I try with the host IP I get the error: This PDF explains to install IIS component - But it's ESX 4 - and also not talking about appliance. so, a simple question: how can I access the web-app admin tool? also found a similar question on vmware forum. But I can't understand the solution/if any.

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• Network problems with Ubuntu on VMware

  - by svick

  I'm running Ubuntu 10.04 inside VMware Player running under Windows Vista and I can't connect to the internet or the host computer from the Ubuntu. I have set all the VMware services to “manual” (like VMware DHCP Service), but starting them manually doesn't help. In VMware, the network seems to work (there is a green dot beside the network icon) and I have tried both Bridged and NAT settings. ifconfig doesn't show the eth1 interface, unless I give it as a parameter (or use -a). I think this means that Ubuntu thinks that the network isn't connected at all. How do I fix this? ifconvadmin@ubu1004:~$ ifconfig lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:56 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:56 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:4192 (4.1 KB) TX bytes:4192 (4.1 KB) vadmin@ubu1004:~$ ifconfig eth1 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:2d:a0:6f BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000

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