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• Domain Models (PHP)

  - by Calum Bulmer

  I have been programming in PHP for several years and have, in the past, adopted methods of my own to handle data within my applications. I have built my own MVC, in the past, and have a reasonable understanding of OOP within php but I know my implementation needs some serious work. In the past I have used an is-a relationship between a model and a database table. I now know after doing some research that this is not really the best way forward. As far as I understand it I should create models that don't really care about the underlying database (or whatever storage mechanism is to be used) but only care about their actions and their data. From this I have established that I can create models of lets say for example a Person an this person object could have some Children (human children) that are also Person objects held in an array (with addPerson and removePerson methods, accepting a Person object). I could then create a PersonMapper that I could use to get a Person with a specific 'id', or to save a Person. This could then lookup the relationship data in a lookup table and create the associated child objects for the Person that has been requested (if there are any) and likewise save the data in the lookup table on the save command. This is now pushing the limits to my knowledge..... What if I wanted to model a building with different levels and different rooms within those levels? What if I wanted to place some items in those rooms? Would I create a class for building, level, room and item with the following structure. building can have 1 or many level objects held in an array level can have 1 or many room objects held in an array room can have 1 or many item objects held in an array and mappers for each class with higher level mappers using the child mappers to populate the arrays (either on request of the top level object or lazy load on request) This seems to tightly couple the different objects albeit in one direction (ie. a floor does not need to be in a building but a building can have levels) Is this the correct way to go about things? Within the view I am wanting to show a building with an option to select a level and then show the level with an option to select a room etc.. but I may also want to show a tree like structure of items in the building and what level and room they are in. I hope this makes sense. I am just struggling with the concept of nesting objects within each other when the general concept of oop seems to be to separate things. If someone can help it would be really useful. Many thanks

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• How is a "Software Developer" different from a "Software Consultant"? What makes a consultant?

  - by Kumar

  I have seen a lot of people claiming themselves to be a "software consultant". These consultants do what a normal software developer does, write code, estimate tasks, fix bugs and attend meetings etc. The only difference being the financials, consultants end up earning more. Then how is a software developer different from a "consultant"? In addition to the main question, I would like to know how can a software developer become a consultant? Are there any specific guidelines for a consultant? Do they need to amass certifications and write up research papers? Please do not confuse the software consultant with a management consultant. Software consultants I have seen are not managers.

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• Reuse Business Logic between Web and API

  - by fesja

  We have a website and two mobile apps that connect through an API. All the platforms do the exactly same things. Right now the structure is the following: Website. It manages models, controllers, views for the website. It also executes all background tasks. So if a user create a place, everything is executed in this code. API. It manages models, controllers and return a JSON. If a user creates a place on the mobile app, the place is created here. After, we add a background task to update other fields. This background task is executed by the Website. We are redoing everything, so it's time to improve the approach. Which is the best way to reuse the business logic so I only need to code the insert/edit/delete of the place & other actions related in just one place? Is a service oriented approach a good idea? For example: Service. It has the models and gets, adds, updates and deletes info from the DB. Website. It send the info to the service, and it renders HTML. API. It sends info to the service, and it returns JSON. Some problems I have found: More initial work? Not sure.. It can work slower. Any experience? The benefits: We only have the business logic in one place, both for web and api. It's easier to scale. We can put each piece on different servers. Other solutions Duplicate the code and be careful not to forget anything (do tests!) DUplicate some code but execute background tasks that updates the related fields and executes other things (emails, indexing...) A "small" detail is we are 1.3 person in backend, for now ;)

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• Language parsing to find important words

  - by Matt Huggins

  I'm looking for some input and theory on how to approach a lexical topic. Let's say I have a collection of strings, which may just be one sentence or potentially multiple sentences. I'd like to parse these strings to and rip out the most important words, perhaps with a score that denotes how likely the word is to be important. Let's look at a few examples of what I mean. Example #1: "I really want a Keurig, but I can't afford one!" This is a very basic example, just one sentence. As a human, I can easily see that "Keurig" is the most important word here. Also, "afford" is relatively important, though it's clearly not the primary point of the sentence. The word "I" appears twice, but it is not important at all since it doesn't really tell us any information. I might expect to see a hash of word/scores something like this: "Keurig" => 0.9 "afford" => 0.4 "want" => 0.2 "really" => 0.1 etc... Example #2: "Just had one of the best swimming practices of my life. Hopefully I can maintain my times come the competition. If only I had remembered to take of my non-waterproof watch." This example has multiple sentences, so there will be more important words throughout. Without repeating the point exercise from example #1, I would probably expect to see two or three really important words come out of this: "swimming" (or "swimming practice"), "competition", & "watch" (or "waterproof watch" or "non-waterproof watch" depending on how the hyphen is handled). Given a couple examples like this, how would you go about doing something similar? Are there any existing (open source) libraries or algorithms in programming that already do this?

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• Modern.IE VM license

  - by Thomas W.

  Microsoft provides some VMs for testing purposes (advertised on StackOverflow) and I'm trying to understand the license terms. The one I don't really understand is 1.b. You may use the software for testing purposes only. You may not use the software for commercial purposes. My thoughts: a) Testing a website in several browsers on several different virtual machines seems a quite professional approach. I hardly believe many private developers would do that. Of course they should, but which private developer has the time to do so? b) If that's really only available to private developers, what is the offer to companies doing the same thing? I am missing the advertisement for a paid service. My question as a non-native English speaker: Is testing by a company considered as a commercial purpose? Can I use the VMs within a company for testing or not?

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• How To Deal With Terrible Design Decisions

  - by splatto

  I'm a consultant at one company. There is another consultant who is a year older than me and has been here 3 months longer than I have, and a full time developer. The full-time developer is great. My concern is that I see the consultant making absolutely terrible design decisions. For example, M:M relationships are being stored in the database as a comma-delimited string rather than using a conjunction table to hold the relationships. For example, consider two tables, Car and Property: Car records: Camry Volvo Mercedes Property records: Spare Tire Satellite Radio Ipod Support Standard Rather than making a table CarProperties to represent this, he has made a "Property" attribute on the Car table whose data looks like "1,3,7,13,19,25," I hate how this decision and others are affecting the quality of my code. We have butted heads over this design three times in the past two months since I've been here. He asked me why my suggestion was better, and I responded that our database would be eliminating redundant data by converting to a higher normal form. I explained that this design flaw in particular is discussed and discouraged in entry level college programs, and he responded with a shot at me saying that these comma-separated-value database properties are taught when you do your masters (which neither of us have). Needless to say, he became very upset and demanded I apologize for criticizing his work, which I did in the interest of not wanting to be the consultant to create office drama. Our project manager is focused on delivering a product ASAP and is a very strong personality - Suggesting to him at this point that we spend some time to do this right will set him off. There is a strong likelihood that both of our contracts will be extended to work on a second project coming up. How will I be able to exert dominant influence over the design of the system and the data model to ensure that such terrible mistakes are not repeated in the next project? A glimpse at the dynamics: I can be a strong personality if I don't measure myself. The other consultant is not a strong personality, is a poor communicator, is quite stubborn and thinks he is better than everyone else. The project manager is an extremely strong personality who is focused on releasing tomorrow's product yesterday. The full-time developer is very laid back and easy going, a very effective communicator, but is someone who will accept bad design if it means not rocking the boat. Code reviews or anything else that takes "time" will be out of the question - there is no way our PM will be sold on such a thing by anybody.

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• What is the oldest living piece of unaltered production code? [closed]

  - by user1598390

  It's come to my mind that parts of the code in, say, Unix, has maybe passed unaltered from one version or flavor into another. Maybe some pieces of the source code of the ls command is the same, unaltered, than was written years ago. Have any of you read or learn about this ? What would be the oldest living piece of unaltered production code still running, passing from version through version of a program or system ? Will the code we write outlive us for decades ?

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• what is the difference between the below two syntaxes?

  - by Hari

  1. $(function () { function foo() { return true; } log(bar()); // getting error var bar = function() { return true; }; }); 2. $(function () { function foo() { return true; } log(bar()); // working function bar() { return true; }; }); in above snippets log is my custom function to log the result.

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• What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a subdomain for each user account?

  - by Sathish Manohar

  I notice two types of design used in web applications, some with a particular subdomain for users contents, and some with same URL structure for all the accounts. Ex: unique.domain.com and another_unique.domain.com for subdomains for sites like blogspot, wordpress, basecamp etc. while in the other approach domain.com/action1 and domain.com/action2 the content is shown according to the user logged in, but the URL is same for every user. What are main differences between both of these kind of design?

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• Developing a php system that tracks other websites analytics

  - by CodeCrack

  I want to develop a PHP website feature where users sign up, get a javascript snippet code that display an image on their site, and let's me track the number of visitors, unique hits, clicks and average visitor duration on their page. Is that something that should be done with some open source analytic software such as http://piwik.org/ or it's pretty doable on your own? If I had to do it myself from scratch, I would use image/pixel as a way to track the visit, drop a cookie with javascript snippet to track uniques, track clicks based on image click and redirect, and not sure about the bounce rate. Any thoughts or opinions are welcome.

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• Increase the size of a memory mapped file

  - by sandun dhammika

  I am maintaning a memory mapped file to store my tree like datastructure. When I'm updating the datastructure ,I got this problem. The file is limited on it's size and can't be too long or too small. I have a methods like void mapfile_insert_record(RECORD* /* record*/); void mapfile_modify_record(RECORD* /* record*/); Both operations could lead to exceed the space which is free on memory file. How do I overcome this? What strategy I should use. calculate whether it requires to exceed the file as a pre-condition on both methods. Dynamically exceed it , for a example manage a timer and constantly polling file for it's free avaliable size and then automatically extend it. Any ideas or patterns to overcome this problem?

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• Lack of ideas for startup equals slack career?

  - by Fanatic23

  After 12-15 years of working in the same industry, if a person does not have any new ideas for a startup then is it safe to say that his/her career has not reached its potential? We are not talking of implementation strategies or insights here to fructify the startup -- just great ideas which can change things for the better. Not your source code optimization. I mean a radical way of looking at things. If you lot disagree with this line of thinking, then please share some examples where despite such a long span a person can end up without new ideas.

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• What techniques are used in solving code golf problems?

  - by Lord Torgamus

  "Regular" golf vs. code golf: Both are competitions. Both have a well-defined set of rules, which I'll leave out for simplicity. Both have well-defined goals; in short, "use fewer hits/characters than your competitors." To win matches, athletic golfers rely on equipment Some situations call for a sand wedge; others, a 9-iron. techniques The drive works better when your feet are about shoulder width apart and your arms are relaxed. and strategies Sure, you could take that direct shortcut to the hole... but do you really want to risk the water hazard or sand bunker when those trees are in the way and the wind is so strong? It might be better to go around the long way. What do code golfers have that's analagous to athletic golfers' equipment, techniques and strategies? Sample answer to get this started: use the right club! Choose GolfScript instead of C#.

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• Lending epub files for limited time to users

  - by JP Hellemons

  I am looking for components to build a digital library who lends people epub (ebooks) for about a week. It's like a digital version of the offline old public library. Now I have found several flash (pdf) file streaming solutions. But that would require an active internet link. And like the public library, you are able to take your books to the beach or pool on holiday abroad where you have no connection. So streaming is no option. The other file restriction method I have found was DRM, but that would require a really expensive license of Adobe Content Server 4 which is not suitable for my little hobby project. But it seems that adobe content server and Adobe Digital Editions is the only option at the moment. Or are there open source alternatives?

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• Apple Developer Enterprise Program?

  - by Gnial0id

  I'm building an iOS application for a client (not an enterprise but non-profit association with under than 500 employess), distributed in a free version and a "paid" one. The free version will be available with iTunes/AppStore, no problem with that. But about the paid one... the distribution my client wants is different. They want to distribute it to their clients as a bonus in their subscription, and so, to control this distribution. The first answer would be "iOS Developer Enterprise Program", but it's not an enterprise and have less than 500 employees. Will the fact that my client will distribute the app' with a subscription be a problem ? I spend a lot of time to read documentation, but it is not very clear. I'm a bit lost, I admit it. Any help would grateful.

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• Formal definition for term "pure OO language"?

  - by Yauhen Yakimovich

  I can't think of a better place among SO siblings to pose such a question. Originally I wanted to ask "Is python a pure OO language?" but considering troubles and some sort of discomfort people experience while trying to define the term I decided to start with obtaining a clear definition for the term itself. It would be rather fair to start with correspondence by Dr. Alan Kay, who has coined the term (note the inspiration in biological analogy to cells or other living objects). There are following ways to approach the task: Give a comparative analysis by listing programming languages that exhibits certain properties unique and sufficient to define the term (although Smalltalk and Java are passing examples but IMO this way seems neither really complete or nor fruitful) Give a formal definition (or close to it, e.g. in more academic or mathematical style). Give a philosophical definition that would totally rely on semantical context of concrete language or a priori programming experience (there must be some chance of successful explanation by the community). My current version: "If a certain programing (formal) language that can (grammatically) differentiate between operations and operands as well as infer about the type of each operand whether this type is an object (in sense of OOP) or not then we call such a language an OO-language as long as there is at least one type in this language which is an object. Finally, if all types of the language are also objects we define such language to be pure OO-language." Would appreciate any possible improvement of it. As you can see I just made the definition dependent on the term "object" (often fully referenced as class of objects).

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• How can I convince my boss to invest into the developer environment?

  - by user95291

  Our boss said that developers should have fewer mistakes so the company would have money for displays, servers etc. An always mentioned example is a late firing of an underperforming colleague whose salary would have covered some of these expenses. On the other hand it happened a few times that it took a few days to free up some disk space on our servers since we can't get any more disk. The cost of mandays was definitely higher than the cost of a new HDD. Another example is that we use 14-15" notebooks for development and most of the developers get external displays after they spent one year at the company. The price of a 22-24" display is just a small fraction of a developers annual salary. Devs say that they like the company because of other reasons (high quality code, interesting projects etc.) but this kind of issues not just simply time-consuming but also demotivate them. In the point of view of the developers it seems that the boss always can find an issue in the past which they could have been done better so it's pointless to work better to get for a second display/HDD/whatever. How can I convince my boss to invest more into development environment? Is it possible to break this endless loop?

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• Finding work as a college student

  - by lightburst

  I'm a 3rd year CS student. I'm currently really, really, bored and tired of cheap school programming(I go to a fairly respectable(albeit not top) university in my country, but, really, it's not MIT) so I've been thinking about getting a part-time dev job for a long while now. I'm not some hotshot programmer or anything, but "Add/Delete XYZ class objects to list" or "Do this web feature/pattern in PHP" does get old after a few semesters. I also only learned(heard?) of programming when I entered college, so the duration of me being in contact with any code is short. I can't really apply as an intern as I have not accumulated the necessary credits yet to do that so I was thinking of selling myself as a part-time dev. I still need to go to school, and don't want to subject myself to living two lives. Plus, I think I'd have better chances considering my lack of things to write on the resume. The only language I know at heart is C (I've written several pointer-oriented stuff on my freshman year, which is apparently pretty leet(for some reason), or so Joel says. That sort of boosted my morale a bit) but I've worked with several other languages only for the sake of course work such as C#/Java/PHP/ASM. My only user-worthy project was a recursive quicksort simulator I wrote for class using GTK+ that used a textbox to output the progress. I also have not taken the compiler theory class yet, or my thesis. All that being said, I wonder if any legitimate software company(big or small) would hire somebody like me considering all that. If there are companies that do accept anybody like me, would I be doing programming or maybe just be a tester or something? Would anybody hire me as a dev at all? I know I don't have much(not even a degree) but what I lack in experience, I compensate with interest? I am less interested in websites and 'management' software(no offense or anything. also, most of the places here ONLY have those), and more into 'process driven'(I'm not sure how to call it) and system software. I have my eyes on a startup that sells basically an extension of Google Drive, but I feel like I'm too 'risky' for them. Oh, I'm also 19 if that means anything. We're not K-12 so kids go to college earlier than in the US.

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• How do I account for changed or forgotten tasks in an estimate?

  - by Andrew

  To handle task-level estimates and time reporting, I have been using (roughly) the technique that Steve McConnell describes in Chapter 10 of Software Estimation. Specifically, when the time comes for me to create task-level estimates (right before coding begins on a project), I determine the tasks at a fairly granular level so that, whenever possible, I have no tasks with a single-point, 50%-confidence estimate greater than four hours. That way, the task estimation process helps with constructing the software while helping me not to forget tasks during estimation. I come up with a range of hours possible for each task also, and using the statistical calculations that McConnell describes along with my historical accuracy data, I can generate estimates at other confidence levels when desired. I feel like this method has been working fairly well for me. We are required to put tasks and their estimates into TFS for tracking, so I use the estimates at the percentage of confidence I am told to use. I am unsure, however, what to do when I do forget a task, or I end up needing to do work that does not neatly fall within one of the tasks I estimated. Of course, trying to avoid this situation is best, but how do I account for forgotten/changed tasks? I want to have the best historical data I can to help me with future estimates, but right now, I basically am just calculating whether I made the 50%-confidence estimate and whether I made it inside the ranged estimate. I'll be happy to clarify what I'm asking if needed -- let me know what is unclear.

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• How do you cope with change in open source frameworks that you use for your projects?

  - by Amy

  It may be a personal quirk of mine, but I like keeping code in living projects up to date - including the libraries/frameworks that they use. Part of it is that I believe a web app is more secure if it is fully patched and up to date. Part of it is just a touch of obsessive compulsiveness on my part. Over the past seven months, we have done a major rewrite of our software. We dropped the Xaraya framework, which was slow and essentially dead as a product, and converted to Cake PHP. (We chose Cake because it gave us the chance to do a very rapid rewrite of our software, and enough of a performance boost over Xaraya to make it worth our while.) We implemented unit testing with SimpleTest, and followed all the file and database naming conventions, etc. Cake is now being updated to 2.0. And, there doesn't seem to be a viable migration path for an upgrade. The naming conventions for files have radically changed, and they dropped SimpleTest in favor of PHPUnit. This is pretty much going to force us to stay on the 1.3 branch because, unless there is some sort of conversion tool, it's not going to be possible to update Cake and then gradually improve our legacy code to reap the benefits of the new Cake framework. So, as usual, we are going to end up with an old framework in our Subversion repository and just patch it ourselves as needed. And this is what gets me every time. So many open source products don't make it easy enough to keep projects based on them up to date. When the devs start playing with a new shiny toy, a few critical patches will be done to older branches, but most of their focus is going to be on the new code base. How do you deal with radical changes in the open source projects that you use? And, if you are developing an open source product, do you keep upgrade paths in mind when you develop new versions?

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• Where to find clients who are willing to pay top dollar for highly reliable code?

  - by Robin Green

  I'm looking to find clients who are willing to pay a premium above usual contractor rates, for software that is developed with advanced tools and techniques to eliminate certain classes of bugs. However, I have little experience of contracting, and relatively few contacts. It's important to state that the kind of tools and techniques I'm thinking of (e.g. formal verification) are used commercially extremely rarely, as far as I'm aware. There is kind of a continuum of approaches to higher reliability, with basic testing and basic static typing at one end and full-blown formal verification at the other, but the methods I'm thinking of are towards the latter end of the spectrum.

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• My boss is feuding with his boss. My workload is expanding What should I do?

  - by steve

  These two have always had a somewhat shaky relationship when they were on the same level. The other guy was recently promoted to director and now my boss reports to him. On the surface, they appear to get along when they get together, but my boss despises the man and badmouths him every chance that he gets (to peers, subordinates, etc). He believe that the director is setting him up to fail. The Director and upper management is holding my boss responsible for the not-so-great performance by the team as of late. He's been playing games to make my boss look bad. Due to lay offs, we don't have the manpower to deliever the results that we did before...but expectations have not lowered...and my boss is taking the heat for it. Now he's on the warpath and starting to micromanage. He's giving everyone more work. He's forcing us midlevel guys to take responsibility for the level one techs' performance. I'm spending less and less time coding....and more time babysitting vendors, techs, etc. I'm not so sure that's a bad thing because I'm sorta burnt out on coding, but I don't really care for the idea of having to be responsible for others poor performance....isn't that the manager's job? Anyway, do you guys have any suggestions on dealing with the situation?

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• Objective-C Lesson in Class Design

  - by Pota Onasys

  I have the following classes: Teacher Student Class (like a school class) They all extend from KObject that has the following code: - initWithKey - send - processKey Teacher, Student Class all use the functions processKey and initWithKey from KObject parent class. They implement their own version of send. The problem I have is that KObject should not be instantiated ever. It is more like an abstract class, but there is no abstract class concept in objective-c. It is only useful for allowing subclasses to have access to one property and two functions. What can I do so that KObject cannot be instantiated but still allow subclasses to have access to the functions and properties of KObject?

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• Clients with multiple proxy and multithreading callbacks

  - by enzom83

  I created a sessionful web service using WCF, and in particular I used the NetTcpBinding binding. In addition to methods to initiate and terminate a session, other methods allow the client to send to one or more tasks to be performed (the results are returned via callback, so the service is duplex), but they also allow you to know the status of the service. Assuming you activate the same service on multiple endpoints, and assuming that the client knows these endpoints (for example, it could maintain a List of endpoints), the client should connect with one or more replicas of the same service. The client periodically updates the status of the service, so when it needs to perform a new task (the task is submitted by the user via UI), it selects the service currently less loaded and sends the task to it. Periodically, the client also initiates a maintenance procedure in order to disconnect from one or more overloaded service and in order to connect with new services. I created a client proxy using the svcutil tool. I wish each proxy can be used simultaneously by different threads, for example, in addition to the thread that submits the tasks using a proxy, there are also the following two threads which act periodically: a thread that periodically sends a request to the service in order to obtain the updated state; a thread that periodically selects a proxy to close and instantiates a new proxy to replace the closed one. To achieve these objectives, is it sufficient to create an array of proxies and manage their opening and closing in separate threads? I think I read that the proxy method calls are thread safe, so I would not need to perform a lock before requesting updates to the service. However, when the maintenance procedure (which is activated on its own thread) decides to close a proxy, should I perform a lock? Finally, each proxy is also associated with an object that implements the callback interface for the service: are the callbacks (invoked on the client) executed on different threads on the client? I would like to wrap the management of the proxy in one or more classes so that it can then easily manage within a WPF application.

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• How to analyze a scenario where a bug didn't get caught and adjust development workflow to prevent similar errors

  - by durron597

  I had a bug that was really difficult to track down, because all the unit tests were green, but the production application didn't work properly. Here's what happened: I had a filter class that set my application to ignore data that was not in some specified time windows. The unit test, which seemed thorough to me, turned green. Additionally, my integration tests also produced results as expected. Production, however, did not work. As a result of the first two bullets, this problem was very difficult to find. It turned out the problem was that my test dates were using my time zone (America/Chicago) but the production data was providing dates in UTC, which I did not realize, and the logic for the filter wasn't correct for UTC dates. (I was using joda time DateTime objects). Where did my workflow break down? Did I fail to produce a spec that specified that the logic needed to handle dates in any time zone? Did I fail to thoroughly consider all cases at the unit test level? Did I fail to insure the integration test was sufficiently similar to production? Other? What changes can I make to my workflow to better prevent this sort of mistake in the future? How can I more effectively debug a problem when there is an issue in production but not in testing?

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