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• Programming language features that help to catch bugs early

  - by Christian Neumanns

  Do you know any programming language features that help to detect bugs early in the software development process - ideally at compile-time or else as early as possible at run-time? Examples of well-known and effective bug-reducing features are: Static typing and generic types: type incompatibility errors are detected by the compiler Design by Contract (TM), also called Contract Programming: invalid values are quickly detected at runtime (through preconditions, postconditions and class invariants) Unit testing I ask this question in the context of improving an object-oriented programming language (called Obix) which has been designed from the ground up to 'make it easy to quickly write reliable code'. Besides the features mentioned above this language also incorporates other Fail-fast features such as: Objects are immutable by default Void (null) values are not allowed by default The aim is to add more Fail-fast concepts to the language. If you know other features which help to write less error-prone code then please let us know. Thank you.

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• Are there programming languages that allow you to do set arithmetic on types?

  - by Will Brown

  Out of curiosity, are there languages that allow you to do set arithmetic on types to create new types? Something like: interface A { void a(); void b(); } interface B { void b(); void c(); } interface C = A & B; // has b() interface D = A | B; // has a(), b() and c() interface E = (A & B) ^ B; // has c() I know that in some languages these ideas can be expressed (i.e., Java has List<Comparable & Serializable> for the union of the interfaces) but I've never heard of a language that supports type arithmetic. Thanks!

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• Examples of Liskov Substitution

  - by james lewis

  I'm facilitating a session next week on the Liskov Substitution Principle and I was wondering if anyone had any examples of violations 'from the trenches'? I'm looking for something other than uncle Bob's rectangle - square problem and the persistent set problem he talks about in A-PPP (although that is a great example). So far I'm using the example of a (very simple) List and an IndexedList as the 'correct' use of inheritance. And the addition of a Set to this hierarchy as a violation (as a Set is distinct; strengthening the pre condition of the Add method). I've also taken this great example and it's solution from this question Both those examples are great but I'm looking for something more subtle and harder to spot. So far I've come up with nothing so if you've got a great, subtle example post it up. Also, any metaphors you've come across that helped you understand LSP would be really useful too.

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• Worst coding standard you've ever had to follow?

  - by finnw

  Have you ever had to work to coding standards that: Greatly decreased your productivity? Were originally included for good reasons but were kept long after the original concern became irrelevant? Were in a list so long that it was impossible to remember them all? Made you think the author was just trying to leave their mark rather than encouraging good coding practice? You had no idea why they were included? If so, what is your least favourite rule and why? Some examples here

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• How to publicize new Android's HTTP requests library

  - by Yaniv

  I don't know if this really belongs here, but I developed an open-source HTTP requests library for Android called Unite. This library was built mainly to significantly facilitate the work and coding time, and makes it easy to create and work with HTTP requests. I think a big advantage of this library is that it is open-source, so everyone can contribute to make it even better. I started this project for personal use, and I really like the result. What is the right and proper way to publicize the project, I do think it will be handy to Android developers. So how can I make developers know this library exist?

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• What are the benefits of PHP?

  - by acme

  Everybody knows that people that have prejudices against certain programming languages. Especially PHP seems to suffer from problems of its past and some other things (like loose types) and is often called a non-serious programming language that should not be used for professional applications. In that special case PHP: How do you argue using PHP as your chosen programming language for web applications? What are the benefits, where is PHP better than ColdFusion, Java, etc.?

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• what is the difference between the below two syntaxes?

  - by Hari

  1. $(function () { function foo() { return true; } log(bar()); // getting error var bar = function() { return true; }; }); 2. $(function () { function foo() { return true; } log(bar()); // working function bar() { return true; }; }); in above snippets log is my custom function to log the result.

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• How to render RSS feed in a desktop RSS reader?

  - by Thiago Moraes

  Consider one feed like this: http://feeds.feedburner.com/codinghorror It has the entire content inside the description tag of the feed, so you don't need to access the website to read the post. Now I have the problem of creating an interface for a feed like this on a desktop client. What's the best way to render the text in a pleasant way to the user? My first thought was to parse the entire HTML as if I was a web browser, but that looks really hard to do in a satisfying way. Are there any better (faster) alternatives? Rephrasing: how a desktop rss client such as feeddamon parses the input to display it nicely? Does it have a web browser inside it?

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• Save .mov file with applescript

  - by Frost Shadow

  I've installed the Perian addon for Quicktime so it can open .flv files, and then I can save them as .m4v or .mov. I'm trying to make an Applescript to convert from .flv to .m4v automatically by using this tutorial and butchering their example applescript file, which normally converts ChemDraw files (.cdx, .cml, .mol) to .tiff, so that it instead uses Quicktime to save the .flv files as .m4v. When I try to use it, though, I get an error "QuickTime Player got an error: document 1 doesn't understand the save message". My save message is currently: save first document in target_path as ".m4v" which looks like the QuickTime dictionary's instructions: save specifier : The document(s) or window(s) to save. [as saveable file format] : The file format to use. I've also tried "m4v", without the period, and still get the error. Is my Save direction wrong, or is it probably an error from trying to use Quicktime instead of the original ChemDraw? I tried to change references to .cdx, .cml, .mol, .tiff, and ChemDraw to .flv, .m4v, and QuickTime respectively, but maybe it's more complicated than that? I would, in fact, appreciate any example showing how to save an application file (ex: a TextEdit .rtf or .txt), as I can't seem to get any kind of file to save using applescript.

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• Should testers approve releases, or just report on tests?

  - by Ernest Friedman-Hill

  Does it make sense to give signoff authority to testers? Should a test team Just test features, issues, etc, and simply report on a pass/fail basis, leaving it up to others to act on those results, or Have authority to hold up releases themselves based on those results? In other words, should testers be required to actually sign off on releases? The testing team I'm working with feels that they do, and we're having an issue with this because of "testing scope creep" -- the refusal to approve releases is sometimes based on issues explicitly not addressed by the release in question.

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• Continuous integration never results in build errors

  - by Jon

  Hi, I'm working with a variety of Java EE websites which use internal libraries we've developed. For each website, we only upgrade to new versions of our internal libraries as needed, and before committing we make sure that the site compiles fine. What this means is that when TeamCity does a build of one of our sites, the site compiles fine, but later when the site is updated to the latest version of internal libraries, there might be a compile error. Is there a good way to handle this? We're not using Maven yet; would using Maven mean that our websites could automatically use the latest version of internal libraries? Thanks. Clarification: What we sometimes run into is this: Project A depends on a library, and is currently using library version 1.0 Project B also depends on that library. I make changes to the library so that it is now version 1.5. Project B now uses 1.5. Project A and project B have both been built just fine by the CI server (TeamCity) Working on project A again, I update to 1.5 and discover that 1.5 has breaking changes in it. Is there a way for the CI server to discover these kinds of breaking changes?

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• what is message passing in OO?

  - by Tom

  I've been studying OO programming, primarily in C++, C# and Java. I thought I had a good grasp on it with my understanding of encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism (as well as reading a lot of questions on this site). One thing that seems to popup up here and there is the concept of "message passing". Apparently, this is something that is not used whilst OO programming in today's mainstream languages, but is supported by Smalltalk. My questions are: What is message passing? (Can someone give a practical example?) Is there any support for this "message passing" in C++, C# or Java?

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• First languages with generic programming support

  - by oluies

  Which was the first language with generic programming support, and what was the first major staticly typed language (widely used) with generics support. Generics implement the concept of parameterized types to allow for multiple types. The term generic means "pertaining to or appropriate to large groups of classes." I have seen the following mentions of "first": First-order parametric polymorphism is now a standard element of statically typed programming languages. Starting with System F [20,42] and functional programming lan- guages, the constructs have found their way into mainstream languages such as Java and C#. In these languages, first-order parametric polymorphism is usually called generics. From "Generics of a Higher Kind", Adriaan Moors, Frank Piessens, and Martin Odersky Generic programming is a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of to-be-specified-later types that are then instantiated when needed for specific types provided as parameters. This approach, pioneered by Ada in 1983 From Wikipedia Generic Programming

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• How are Implicit-Heap dynamic Storage Binding and Dynamic type binding similar?

  - by Appy

  "Concepts of Programming languages" by Robert Sebesta says - Implicit Heap-Dynamic Storage Binding: Implicit Heap-Dynamic variables are bound to heap storage only when they are assigned values. It is similar to dynamic type binding. Can anyone explain the similarity with suitable examples. I understand the meaning of both the phrases, but I am an amateur when it comes to in-depth details.

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• Sales Manager: "Why is time-estimation so complex?"

  - by Tim

  A few days ago a sales manager asked me that question. But at this moment I didn't know a answer which he can understand. He isn't a programmer! At the moment I work on a product which is over 8 years old. Nobody thought about architecture or evolvability. I have a swamp of code in front of me every day which is not tested. Because of that, time estimates are very difficult for me. How I can describe that problem to an salesman? Not only my swamp-code-problem, but general!

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• Create new variable or make multiple chained calls?

  - by Rodrigo

  What is the best way to get this attributes, thinking in performance and code quality? Using chained calls: name = this.product.getStock().getItems().get(index).getName(); id = this.product.getStock().getItems().get(index).getId(); Creating new variable: final item = this.product.getStock().getItems().get(index); name = item.getName(); it = item.getId(); I prefer the second way, to let the code cleaner. But I would like to see some opinions about it. Thank you!

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• Visual Studio 2010 on Macbook Air

  - by Kyle B.

  Does anyone here run Visual Studio 2010 (or VS12 RC) on a Macbook Air? I have the current model with 4GB ram, 13" screen, and 256GB SSD drive. Before I go through the effort of configuring this, I'd like to know if anyone from the community has done this and: Was the performance acceptable? If it is, I plan to get a larger cinema display monitor as a second display and do all my coding on this machine ditching my desktop. Did you use Boot camp, Parallels, or VMWare? I feel to maximize performance that boot camp would be necessary to make the most utilization of the memory, but am not sure if this completely necessary. I'd prefer to use a VM, but wasn't sure if this was practical and would value your input before buying a license. Did you also run anything else on the Windows installation, such as SQL Server express, IISExpress, etc? Did performance lag after a certain point? Note: I would have asked this in superuser.com, but felt this applied more directly to the programming community.

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• Sort algorithms that work on large amount of data

  - by Giorgio

  I am looking for sorting algorithms that can work on a large amount of data, i.e. that can work even when the whole data set cannot be held in main memory at once. The only candidate that I have found up to now is merge sort: you can implement the algorithm in such a way that it scans your data set at each merge without holding all the data in main memory at once. The variation of merge sort I have in mind is described in this article in section Use with tape drives. I think this is a good solution (with complexity O(n x log(n)) but I am curious to know if there are other (possibly faster) sorting algorithms that can work on large data sets that do not fit in main memory. EDIT Here are some more details, as required by the answers: The data needs to be sorted periodically, e.g. once in a month. I do not need to insert a few records and have the data sorted incrementally. My example text file is about 1 GB UTF-8 text, but I wanted to solve the problem in general, even if the file were, say, 20 GB. It is not in a database and, due to other constraints, it cannot be. The data is dumped by others as a text file, I have my own code to read this text file. The format of the data is a text file: new line characters are record separators. One possible improvement I had in mind was to split the file into files that are small enough to be sorted in memory, and finally merge all these files using the algorithm I have described above.

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• Parsing stdout with custom format or standard format?

  - by linquize

  To integrate with other executables, a executable may launch another executable and capture its output from stdout. But most programs writes the output message to stdout in custom format and usually in human readable format. So it requires the system integrator to write a function to parse the output, which is considered trouble and the parser code may be buggy. Do you think this is old fashioned? Most Unix-style programs do that. Very few programs write to stdout in standard format such as XML or JSON, which is more modern. Example: Veracity (DVCS) writes JSON to stdout. Should we switch to use modern formats? For a console program, human readable or easy parsable: which is more important ?

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• Immutable Method Java

  - by Chris Okyen

  In Java, there is the final keyword in lieu of the const keyword in c and c++. In the latter languages their is mutable and immutable methods such as stated in one answer by Johannes Schaub - litb the question how-many-and-which-are-the-uses-of-const-in-ce Use const to tell others methods won't change the logical state of this object. struct SmartPtr { int getCopies() const { return mCopiesMade; } }ptr1; ... int var = ptr.getCopies(); // returns mCopiesMade and is specified that to not modify objects state. How is this performed in Java?

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• Which problem(s) do YOU want to see solved?

  - by buu700

  My team and I are meeting tonight to come up with a business plan and some community input would be amazing. I've been mulling over this issue for the past few months and bouncing ideas off of others, and now I'd finally like some input from the community. I have come up with a fair selection of ideas, but most of those amount to either fun projects which could potentially be profitable, or otherwise solid business models that have one or two major hurdles (usually related to resources or legality). For our team meeting tonight, my idea is to take inventory of our available skills, resources, and compelling problems which interest us. The last is where I would greatly appreciate some community input. Hell, even entire business ideas/plans would be appreciated. No matter how big or small your thoughts, any input would be appreciated. We're a team of computer scientists, so our business will be primarily based around software/technology/Web solutions. Among my relevant available resources (entire Internet aside), I have the following: A pretty reliable connection to an SEO company a large production company. A stash of fairly powerful server hardware. A fast network with static IPs. The backend for Hackswipe, which includes credit card payment processing and a Google Voice-based SMS gateway. This work in progress design for something completely unrelated but which is backed by some fairly decent infrastructure. Direct access to the experts in just about any relevant field (on-campus Carnegie Mellon professors). A sexual relationship with the baron of a small nation. For further down the line, some investor relationships. Not likely to be so relevant, but a decent social media presence (Stack Overflow reputation, modship in some major reddits, various tech forums). The source code for Eugene fucking McCabe. Pooled with the other team members, the list of projects we can build off of would be longer (including an Android app). So, what are your thoughts? Crossposted to reddit

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• How does someone with a business degree become a software consultant?

  - by gambit14

  I'm a 4th year computer engineering student from a reputable university in Toronto and i'm curious as to how some of these software consulting positions with the large firms (Accenture, Deloitte, IBM, etc.) accept business grads as well as comp-sci and computer engineers? How does a business grad consult on software without having a background in software? Besides communication skills and other soft skills, what separates me from a business grad for these positions? Thanks.

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• Languages on embedded systems in aeronautic and spatial sector

  - by Niels

  I know that my question is very broad but a general answer would be nice. I would like to know which are the main languages used in aeronautic and spatial sector. I know that the OS which run on embedded systems are RTOS (Real time OS) and I think that, this languages must be checked correctly by different methods (formal methods, unit tests) and must permit a sure verification of whole process of a program.

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• Experience of Python's “PEP-302 New Import Hooks”

  - by Koichi Sasada

  I'm one of the developers of Ruby (CRuby). We are working on Ruby 2.0 release (planned to release 2012/Feb). Python has "PEP302: New Import Hooks" (2003): This PEP proposes to add a new set of import hooks that offer better customization of the Python import mechanism. Contrary to the current import hook, a new-style hook can be injected into the existing scheme, allowing for a finer grained control of how modules are found and how they are loaded. We are considering introducing a feature similar to PEP302 into Ruby 2.0 (CRuby 2.0). I want to make a proposal which can persuade Matz. Currently, CRuby can load scripts from only file systems in a standard way. If you have any experience or consideration about PEP 302, please share. Example: It's a great spec. No need to change it. It is almost good, but it has this problem... If I could go back to 2003, then I would change the spec to... I'm sorry if such a question is not suitable for here. I posted here because I'm not sure that I can ask this question at python-dev (of course, the list is not for cruby development). This post is moved from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11188229/experience-of-pythons-pep-302-new-import-hooks.

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• Do you write common pre-conditions for a large number of unit test cases ?

  - by Vinoth Kumar

  I have heard/read writing common pre-conditions for a large number of test cases is a bad thing, since this dependency may cause large number of test cases to fail if something changes . What are your thoughts on it ? If this is so , then what exactly is the purpose of setUp() method in Junit that runs before each test case ? If the same code inside setUp() runs before each test case , why cant it run only once before running all the test cases together ?

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