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  • What does a DHCP-client consider to be the "best" answer?

    - by Nils
    We have training rooms where normally Windows XP is installed (via PXE). The "normal" DNS/DHCP infrastructure are Windows-Servers. The training room has its own VLAN (different from the Windows servers), so there is most propably an IP helper for DHCP requests active on the Cisco router where all PCs from that room are connected to. Now we wanted to convert some of the PCs to Linux instead. The idea was: Put our own Laptop with a DHCP server into the VLAN of the room and override the "normal" DHCP response. The idea was that this should work, since a directly attached DHCP server in that VLAN should have a faster response-time than the "normal" DHCP server located some hops away from that VLAN. It turned out that this did not work. We had to manually release the lease on the original DHCP server to get it working. On the Laptop we did see the client requesting the IP and "our" dhcp was sending NACKs to the Windows IP request, before that we did offer our own response. Old Question: Why did this not work out as expected? What is making the PC regain its old lease? Update 2012-08-08: The regain-issue has been explained in the DHCP-RFC. Now this explains why the PC regains its old lease. Now we do release the IP from the Windows-DHCP-server before giving it another try. Again - the Windows-DHCP-server wins. I suspect that there is some algorithm for the dhcp-client which determines the "best" dhcp-answer for the client. The new question is: How does the client choose the "best" answer?

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  • Codec Problems with trying to edit videos with VirtualDub

    - by Roy Rico
    So, I'm a little frustrated. According to this post and various other internet sources, virtualdub is supposed to allow users to quickly split and join video files. I am using windows 7 64 Bit and the latest version of VirtualDub (64-bit). I have tried to edit various movie files, and each attempt at editing various files I have done has not worked for me. AVI file A.avi won't load, saying that it can't located the Decompressor for the "FMP4" format. I have tried this solution and this one, and neither of them work. I have tried setting the VFW Decompressor for 'Other MPEG4' setting to XVID or LIBAVCODEC. There is no change in virtual dub AVI file C.avi will load in Virtual Dub, but any attempt to split it gives me an error that I don't have XVID codecs installed. I've attempted to install the proper codecs (Shark's Windows 7 Codecs, CCCP) with no change. AVI file C.avi will load, and it will split, but won't split using the "Direct Stream Copy" claiming the compression algorithm is incompatible. I tried "Fast Recompress" option and it created a 27GB file out of what was supposed to be about a 300-400MB file. Can someone please give me some insight into what I'm messing up?

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  • CPU-adaptive compression

    - by liori
    Hello, Let assume I need to send some data from one computer to another, over a pretty fast network... for example standard 100Mbit connection (~10MB/s). My disk drives are standard HDD, so their speed is somewhere between 30MB/s and 100MB/s. So I guess that compressing the data on the fly could help. But... I don't want to be limited by CPU. If I choose an algorithm that is intensive on CPU, the transfer will actually go slower than without compression. This is difficult with compressors like GZIP and BZIP2 because you usually set the compression strength once for the whole transfer, and my data streams are sometimes easy, sometimes hard to compress--this makes the process suboptimal because sometimes I do not use full CPU, and sometimes the bandwidth is underutilized. Is there a compression program that would adapt to current CPU/bandwidth and hit the sweet spot so that the transfer will be optimal? Ideally for Linux, but I am still curious about all solutions. I'd love to see something compatible with GZIP/BZIP2 decompressors, but this is not necessary. So I'd like to optimize total transfer time, not simply amount of bytes to send. Also I don't need real time decompression... real time compression is enough. The destination host can process the data later in its spare time. I know this doesn't change much (compression is usually much more CPU-intensive than decompression), but if there's a solution that could use this fact, all the better. Each time I am transferring different data, and I really want to make these one-time transfers as quick as possible. So I won't benefit from getting multiple transfers faster due to stronger compression. Thanks,

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  • How to stop Apache from crashing my entire server?

    - by CyberShadow
    I maintain a Gentoo server with a few services, including Apache. It's fairly low-end (2GB of RAM and a low-end CPU with 2 cores). My problem is that, despite my best efforts, an over-loaded Apache crashes the entire server. In fact, at this point I'm close to being convinced that Linux is a horrible operating system that isn't worth anyone's time looking for stability under load. Things I tried: Adjusting oom_adj for the root Apache process (and thus all its children). That had close to no effect. When Apache was overloaded it would bring the system to a grind, as the system paged out everything else before it got to kill anything. Turning off swap. Didn't help, it would unload memory paged to binaries of processes and other files on /, thus causing the same effect. Putting it in a memory-limited cgroup (limited to 512 MB of RAM, 1/4th of the total). This "worked", at least in my own stress tests - except the server keeps crashing under load (basically stalling all other processes, inaccessible via SSH, etc.) Running it with idle I/O priority. This wasn't a very good idea in the end, because it just caused the system load to climb indefinitely (into the thousands) with almost no visible effect - until you tried to access an unbuffered part of the disk. This caused the task to freeze. (So much for good I/O scheduling, eh?) Limiting the number of concurrent connections to Apache. Setting the number too low caused web sites to become unresponsive due to most slots being occupied with long requests (file downloads). I tried various Apache MPMs without much success (prefork, event, itk). Switching from prefork/event+php-cgi+suphp to itk+mod_php. This improved performance, but didn't solve the actual problem. Switching I/O schedulers (cfq to deadline). Just to stress this out: I don't care if Apache itself goes down under load, I just want the rest of my system to remain stable. Of course, having Apache recover quickly after a brief period of intensive load would be great to have, but one step at a time. Right now I am mostly dumbfounded by how can humanity, in this day and age, design an operating system where such a seemingly simple task (don't allow one system component to crash the entire system) seems practically impossible - or at least, very hard to do. Please don't suggest things like VMs or "BUY MORE RAM". Some more information gathered with a friend's help: The processes hang when the cgroup oom killer is invoked. Here's the call trace: [<ffffffff8104b94b>] ? prepare_to_wait+0x70/0x7b [<ffffffff810a9c73>] mem_cgroup_handle_oom+0xdf/0x180 [<ffffffff810a9559>] ? memcg_oom_wake_function+0x0/0x6d [<ffffffff810aa041>] __mem_cgroup_try_charge+0x32d/0x478 [<ffffffff810aac67>] mem_cgroup_charge_common+0x48/0x73 [<ffffffff81081c98>] ? __lru_cache_add+0x60/0x62 [<ffffffff810aadc3>] mem_cgroup_newpage_charge+0x3b/0x4a [<ffffffff8108ec38>] handle_mm_fault+0x305/0x8cf [<ffffffff813c6276>] ? schedule+0x6ae/0x6fb [<ffffffff8101f568>] do_page_fault+0x214/0x22b [<ffffffff813c7e1f>] page_fault+0x1f/0x30 At this point, the apache memory cgroup is practically deadlocked, and burning CPU in syscalls (all with the above call trace). This seems like a problem in the cgroup implementation...

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  • Underbraces in Word math zones and dealing with stretchy parentheses

    - by Johannes Rössel
    Parentheses in Word usually stretch with whatever they're containing. This might be un-noticeable for things like but for stuff like it's definitely nice, especially compared to the fact that naïve LaTeX users often produce uglinesses such as There is a problem, however, when using under-/overbraces in math and putting parentheses around the complete term it becomes ugly. For simple things like shown here this can be solved by not letting the parentheses stretch which looks almost right. However, for more complex things it's certainly not an option: Both variants look horrible. So is there a way of letting the parentheses only stretch around the actual term parts, not including the under-/overbraces? Those are frequently used for annotations of individual pieces, so simply not using them is a bad idea too. In LaTeX you can get away with guesswork and using explicit sizes for the parentheses instead of relying on \left and \right but I haven't found a comparable option in Word yet. Since the underbrace is (tree-wise) a sibling of the term in parentheses it probably simply has to stretch and there probably can't be an algorithm that determines when to stretch or when not, considering that \above and \below are used for annotations as well but also for other things where perentheses have to stretch. Also, since the parenthesized expression is opaque from the outside one has to put the underbrace inside. From a markup point of view, at least. One can probably draw the rest around but that falls apart when styles change and wouldn't be a good idea either.

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  • Degraded RAID-5 array with lvm2 lost superblock and partition table

    - by Fred Phillips
    I have a RAID-5 array of 4x1TB hard disks with one lvm2 partition on Ubuntu Linux 10.04 LTS. One of the disks has failed. I have re-assembled the array without this failed disk but now mdadm --examine claims the array has no superblock and fdisk says it has no partition table. What can I do to recover the data? # mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sat Mar 5 14:43:49 2011 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 2930276352 (2794.53 GiB 3000.60 GB) Used Dev Size : 976758784 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sat Mar 5 15:06:49 2011 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 3 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Name : boba:1 (local to host boba) UUID : 52eb4bc9:c3d8aab5:e0699505:e0e1aa05 Events : 18 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde1 2 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1 3 0 0 3 removed 4 8 17 - faulty spare /dev/sdb1 # mdadm --examine /dev/md0 mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/md0. # fdisk -l /dev/md0 Disk /dev/md0: 3000.6 GB, 3000602984448 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 732569088 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1572864 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sdb1[4](F) sda1[0] sdd1[2] sde1[1] 2930276352 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_] unused devices: <none>

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  • Underbraces in Word math zones and dealing with parentheses

    - by Johannes Rössel
    Parentheses in Word usually stretch with whatever they're containing. This might be un-noticeable for things like but for stuff like it's definitely nice, especially compared to the fact that naïve LaTeX users often produce uglinesses such as There is a problem, however, when using under-/overbraces in math and putting parentheses around the complete term it becomes ugly. For simple things like shown here this can be solved by not letting the parentheses stretch which looks almost right. However, for more complex things it's certainly not an option: Both variants look horrible. So is there a way of letting the parentheses only stretch around the actual term parts, not including the under-/overbraces? Those are frequently used for annotations of individual pieces, so simply not using them is a bad idea too. In LaTeX you can get away with guesswork and using explicit sizes for the parentheses instead of relying on \left and \right but I haven't found a comparable option in Word yet. Since the underbrace is (tree-wise) a sibling of the term in parentheses it probably simply has to stretch and there probably can't be an algorithm that determines when to stretch or when not, considering that \above and \below are used for annotations as well but also for other things where perentheses have to stretch. Also, since the parenthesized expression is opaque from the outside one has to put the underbrace inside. From a markup point of view, at least. One can probably draw the rest around but that falls apart when styles change and wouldn't be a good idea either.

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  • Troubleshooting Website problems within the local network

    - by HaydnWVN
    Have an external website which opens fine on some PC's, yet seems to time out (or symptoms of timing out, but never actually does) on others. Seems to only affect (some) of our newer HP Pro 3305 MT Workstations. All of which are running Win7 32bit SP1 with all updates. Older PC's (Win7 32bit SP1 & WinXP) are unaffected. Using Google Chrome & Firefox makes no difference. Opening the website in IE9 Compatibility Mode has exactly the same symptoms. All PC's are on the same local network (Workgroup) using the same DNS server & gateway (inhouse) on the same internet connection, on the same subnet. There is no proxy server, no content filtering, no load balancing etc etc. Only group policy in effect (locally) is for Update scheduling. Local firewalls are all the same (Kaspersky WP4) and our external facing firewall has no IP specific settings. I have no control over the external website, traceroute shows the same destination on all PC's. It is a fairly popular website in our industry (Horticulture) and i'm not aware of any other people (even other sites within our sister companies) with the same problem. Update: Used Fiddler2 to monitor the HTTP request, seems its not getting fulfilled for some reason?! Request sent: GET http://www.rhs.org.uk/ HTTP/1.1 Host: www.rhs.org.uk Connection: keep-alive User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.47 Safari/536.11 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-GB,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.6 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Log from Fiddler 2 of the request: This session is not yet complete. Press F5 to refresh when session is complete for updated statistics. Request Count: 1 Bytes Sent: 567 (headers:567; body:0) Bytes Received: 0 (headers:0; body:0) ACTUAL PERFORMANCE -------------- ClientConnected: 17:02:33.720 ClientBeginRequest: 17:02:39.118 GotRequestHeaders: 17:02:39.118 ClientDoneRequest: 17:02:39.118 Determine Gateway: 0ms DNS Lookup: 0ms TCP/IP Connect: 46ms HTTPS Handshake: 0ms ServerConnected: 17:02:39.165 FiddlerBeginRequest: 17:02:39.165 ServerGotRequest: 17:02:39.165 ServerBeginResponse: 00:00:00.000 GotResponseHeaders: 00:00:00.000 ServerDoneResponse: 00:00:00.000 ClientBeginResponse: 00:00:00.000 ClientDoneResponse: 00:00:00.000 RESPONSE BYTES (by Content-Type) -------------- ~headers~: 0 Log of a successful request from a working PC (done this morning, excuse the timestamps being different from above): Request Count: 1 Bytes Sent: 493 (headers:493; body:0) Bytes Received: 20,413 (headers:525; body:19,888) ACTUAL PERFORMANCE -------------- ClientConnected: 08:22:47.766 ClientBeginRequest: 08:22:47.766 GotRequestHeaders: 08:22:47.766 ClientDoneRequest: 08:22:47.766 Determine Gateway: 0ms DNS Lookup: 26ms TCP/IP Connect: 30ms HTTPS Handshake: 0ms ServerConnected: 08:22:47.828 FiddlerBeginRequest: 08:22:47.828 ServerGotRequest: 08:22:47.828 ServerBeginResponse: 08:22:48.905 GotResponseHeaders: 08:22:48.905 ServerDoneResponse: 08:22:48.905 ClientBeginResponse: 08:22:48.905 ClientDoneResponse: 08:22:48.905 Overall Elapsed: 00:00:01.1388020 RESPONSE BYTES (by Content-Type) -------------- text/html: 19,888 ~headers~: 525 So my question has evolved into: What is the difference between the 2 requests and how do I determine why 1 PC is not getting a reply to it's GET request?

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  • "Can't create table" when having to many partitions

    - by Chris
    I am currently having a problem I dont understand. Wherever I look it says mySQL (5.5) / InnoDB doesnt have a table limit. I wanted to test the InnoDB compression and was about to create an empty copy of an existing table and ran into the following problem. this one works: CREATE TABLE `hsc` ( LOTS OF STUFF ) ENGINE=InnoDB CHARSET=utf8 PARTITION BY RANGE (pid) SUBPARTITION BY HASH (cons) SUBPARTITIONS 2 (PARTITION hsc_p0 VALUES LESS THAN (10000) , PARTITION hsc_p1 VALUES LESS THAN (20000) , PARTITION hsc_p2 VALUES LESS THAN (30000) , PARTITION hsc_p3 VALUES LESS THAN (40000) , PARTITION hsc_p4 VALUES LESS THAN (50000) , PARTITION hsc_p40 VALUES LESS THAN (4000000) ); this one doesn't: CREATE TABLE `hsc` ( LOTS OF STUFF ) ENGINE=InnoDB CHARSET=utf8 PARTITION BY RANGE (pid) SUBPARTITION BY HASH (cons) SUBPARTITIONS 2 (PARTITION hsc_p0 VALUES LESS THAN (10000) , PARTITION hsc_p1 VALUES LESS THAN (20000) , PARTITION hsc_p2 VALUES LESS THAN (30000) , PARTITION hsc_p3 VALUES LESS THAN (40000) , PARTITION hsc_p4 VALUES LESS THAN (50000) , PARTITION hsc_p5 VALUES LESS THAN (75000) , PARTITION hsc_p6 VALUES LESS THAN (100000) , PARTITION hsc_p7 VALUES LESS THAN (125000) , PARTITION hsc_p8 VALUES LESS THAN (150000) , PARTITION hsc_p9 VALUES LESS THAN (175000) , PARTITION hsc_p40 VALUES LESS THAN (4000000) ); ERROR 1005 (HY000): Can't create table 'hsc' (errno: 1) Its reproducable by removing the number of partitions and adding them again. it does not have to do anything with the name of the table as i tried various names. there is also enough empty space on the HDD. /dev/simfs 230G 26G 192G 12% /var/lib/mysql.mnt There should be no limit on the partitions http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/partitioning-limitations.html Maximum number of partitions. The maximum possible number of partitions for a given table (that does not use the NDB storage engine) is 1024. This number includes subpartitions. i have increased both open_files show variables where variable_name LIKE '%open_files%'; +-------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------+-------+ | innodb_open_files | 512 | | open_files_limit | 1536 | +-------------------+-------+ No change. Any clues where should I start looking? UPDATE: the whole thing is running in an openvz environment. i saw in users_beancounters that the numflock was a problem, so i increased it. but the problem still persists. maybe this helps: ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 515011 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) 10240 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 515011 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited cat /proc/user_beancounters Version: 2.5 uid resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt 200: kmemsize 9309653 13357056 14372700 14790164 0 lockedpages 0 1008 2048 2048 0 privvmpages 675424 686528 1048576 1572864 0 shmpages 33 673 21504 21504 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numproc 49 90 240 240 0 physpages 243761 246945 0 9223372036854775807 0 vmguarpages 0 0 1048576 1048576 0 oomguarpages 81672 83305 1048576 1048576 0 numtcpsock 6 8 360 360 0 numflock 175 188 512 512 8 numpty 1 9 16 16 0 numsiginfo 0 48 256 256 0 tcpsndbuf 104640 263912 1720320 2703360 0 tcprcvbuf 98304 131072 1720320 2703360 0 othersockbuf 32368 89304 1126080 2097152 0 dgramrcvbuf 0 2312 262144 262144 0 numothersock 19 28 360 360 0 dcachesize 2285052 3624426 3409920 3624960 0 numfile 616 870 9312 9312 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numiptent 24 24 128 128 0

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  • Finding custom printer-specific options on *nix

    - by enbuyukfener
    Hey all, I have a printer set up using CUPS (FujiXerox Document Center 1100), it is named DC1100. There are capabilities of the printer that are not shows as options of the printer as listed by: lpoptions -l -d DC1100 The output is below: PrintoutMode/Printout Mode: Draft *Normal High Photo InputSlot/Media Source: Upper Lower MultiPurpose LargeCapacity Manual *Standard PageSize/Page Size: *Letter A4 C5 C6 COM10 DL Executive Legal Monarch Statement PageRegion/PageRegion: Letter A4 C5 C6 COM10 DL Executive Legal Monarch Statement STP_Brightness/Brightness: 0.00 0.02 0.04 [snip] 2.00 STP_Contrast/Contrast: 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 [snip] 4.00 STP_ColorCorrection/Color Correction: Accurate Bright Density [snip] Uncorrected STP_DitherAlgorithm/Dither Algorithm: Adaptive EvenTone Fast [snip] VeryFast STP_EnableDensity/Density Enable: *Disabled Enabled STP_Density/Density Value: 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 [snip] 8.0 STP_EnableGamma/Composite Gamma Enable: *Disabled Enabled STP_Gamma/Composite Gamma Value: 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 [snip] 4.00 STP_LinearContrast/Linear Contrast Adjustment: *False True STP_Duplex/Double-Sided Printing: DuplexNoTumble DuplexTumble *None Resolution/Rendering Resolution: *FromPrintoutMode 150x150dpi 300x300dpi 600x600dpi OutputType/Output Type: *FromPrintoutMode BlackAndWhite Grayscale STP_ImageType/Image Type: *FromPrintoutMode Photo Graphics LineArt None Text TextGraphics STP_Resolution/Resolution: *FromPrintoutMode 150dpi 300dpi 600dpi I am particularly looking for options for: "secure print" (possibly by setting a mode and setting a username) stapling hole punching Perhaps I need a vendor specific driver/PPD file? If so, any pointers as I have no idea where to look for one. I haven't been able to find one on the official site or on sites such as http://www.openprinting.org

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  • Does btrfs balance also defragment files?

    - by pauldoo
    When I run btrfs filesystem balance, does this implicitly defragment files? I could imagine that balance simply reallocates each file extent separately, preserving the existing fragmentation. There is an FAQ entry, 'What does "balance" do?', which is unclear on this point: btrfs filesystem balance is an operation which simply takes all of the data and metadata on the filesystem, and re-writes it in a different place on the disks, passing it through the allocator algorithm on the way. It was originally designed for multi-device filesystems, to spread data more evenly across the devices (i.e. to "balance" their usage). This is particularly useful when adding new devices to a nearly-full filesystem. Due to the way that balance works, it also has some useful side-effects: If there is a lot of allocated but unused data or metadata chunks, a balance may reclaim some of that allocated space. This is the main reason for running a balance on a single-device filesystem. On a filesystem with damaged replication (e.g. a RAID-1 FS with a dead and removed disk), it will force the FS to rebuild the missing copy of the data on one of the currently active devices, restoring the RAID-1 capability of the filesystem.

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  • How to create a software raid5 array without a spare

    - by Yannick M.
    I am trying to create a software raid5 array using mdadm: $ linux # mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 --spare-devices=0 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric mdadm: chunk size defaults to 64K mdadm: array /dev/md0 started. However when inspecting /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[4] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] sda1[0] 2930279808 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_] [>....................] recovery = 0.3% (2970496/976759936) finish=186.1min speed=87172K/sec unused devices: <none> It seems one drive isn't active, so I check the details of the array: /dev/md0: Version : 00.90.03 Creation Time : Tue Jul 21 16:29:53 2009 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 2930279808 (2794.53 GiB 3000.61 GB) Used Dev Size : 976759936 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Jul 21 16:29:53 2009 State : clean, degraded, recovering Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 64K Rebuild Status : 0% complete UUID : ce8b2f40:821d003c:0027688e:a70977ec Events : 0.1 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 2 8 33 2 active sync /dev/sdc1 4 8 49 3 spare rebuilding /dev/sdd1 And it seems there are only 3 active devices, with one spare. Is it just me, or something wrong here?

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  • BIND zones and named files

    - by preethika
    I've installed BIND in my Windows server2003. i've configured the named file in C:\named\etc\named.conf as: options { directory "c:\named\zones"; allow-transfer { none; }; recursion no; }; zone "tisdns.com" IN { type master; file "db.tisdns.com.txt"; allow-transfer { none; }; }; My zone file is configured in C:\named\zones\db.tisdns.com.txt as: $TTL 6h @ IN SOA ns1.tisdns.com. hostmaster.tisdns.co… ( 2010010901 10800 3600 604800 86400 ) @ NS ns1.tisdns.com. ns1 IN A 192.168.0.17 mug IN A 192.168.0.103 key "rndc-key" { algorithm hmac-md5; secret "M0oW24WFQZhMu9wTq8qepw=="; }; controls { inet 127.0.0.1 port 53 allow { 127.0.0.1; } keys { "rndc-key"; }; }; In the above i've given the name to the domain as "tisdns". i want to create a new domain name in a different zone file. how can i create it?

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  • Codec Problems with trying to edit videos with VirtualDub

    - by Roy Rico
    So, I'm a little frustrated. According to this post and various other internet sources, virtualdub is supposed to allow users to quickly split and join video files. I am using windows 7 64 Bit and the latest version of VirtualDub (64-bit). I have tried to edit various movie files, and each attempt at editing various files I have done has not worked for me. AVI file A.avi won't load, saying that it can't located the Decompressor for the "FMP4" format. I have tried this solution and this one, and neither of them work. I have tried setting the VFW Decompressor for 'Other MPEG4' setting to XVID or LIBAVCODEC. There is no change in Virtual Dub. AVI file C.avi will load in Virtual Dub, but any attempt to split it gives me an error that I don't have XVID codecs installed. I've attempted to install the proper codecs (Shark's Windows 7 Codecs, CCCP) with no change. AVI file C.avi will load, and it will split, but won't split using the "Direct Stream Copy" claiming the compression algorithm is incompatible. I tried the "Fast Recompress" option and it created a 27GB file out of what was supposed to be about a 300-400MB file. Can someone please give me some insight into what I'm messing up?

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  • How do I reinitialise a failed RAID 5 drive using terminal on Ubuntu Server

    - by Stephen
    I've currently put together a new system and part of that has been creating a software RAID 5 using 'mdadm' in Ubuntu Server. I successfully got to the point where I create the array using: sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 I left it to do its thing overnight then used the following command to check on it: watch cat /proc/mdstat To which the following was returned: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[4](S) sdc1[2] sdb1[1] sda1[0](F) 5860535808 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/2] [_UU_] unused devices: <none> It appears that one has failed (and I'm not too savvy with why another is a spare). So, just to be sure that something else isn't amiss I wanted to try and re-engage the failed drive. Can someone explain how I can do that and what I should do with the spare (if anything). And also how do I know when synchronisation is complete? The tutorial I used to get this far is located here: http://sonniesedge.co.uk/2009/06/13/software-raid-5-on-ubuntu-904/ Many thanks! p.s. Here is some extra information that may help: sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Mon Jun 18 21:14:21 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 5860535808 (5589.04 GiB 6001.19 GB) Used Dev Size : 1953511936 (1863.01 GiB 2000.40 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon Jun 18 21:50:26 2012 State : clean, FAILED Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 3 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 1 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Name : myraidbox:0 (local to host myraidbox) UUID : a269ee94:a161600c:fb1665e7:bd2f27b3 Events : 13 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 2 8 33 2 active sync /dev/sdc1 3 0 0 3 removed 0 8 1 - faulty spare /dev/sda1 4 8 49 - spare /dev/sdd1

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  • Erratic WiFi 2.4 GHz channel spikes, what gives?

    - by Francis W. Usher
    Sorry guys, first a gripe about my neighbor's WiFi access point (it is related): they totally hog the center nine 2.4 GHz channels (3-11), centered right at 7! I know the outer regions of the signal don't make as much of a difference, and technically they're running channels 5 & 9. Anyway, their signal is clearly interfering with mine, which is necessarily centered at 3 or 11 to evade their interference. I guess it's somewhat a case of access point envy: they happen to have both a stronger signal and a higher data rate, while occupying twice the band width that I do. Getting to the point, I've noticed that they tend to sit nice and pretty centered at 7, but they definitely auto-select their channel, and I've noticed that the auto-selection algorithm tends to shift towards the higher channels; hence I decided to pick channel 3, and I don't get so many intermittent lag spikes any more. Anyway, the thing that weirded me out was the reason they have to auto-select sometimes: unexplained, powerful (talking order of 0dB here), giant spikes of 2.4 GHz activity in consistent regions of the spectrum. I don't think it's just noise, since my wireless monitoring software is registering a MAC address, a manufacturer, and usually a fairly coherent ascii name... and it seems to be a fairly well-confined signal. But these signals are fairly common, and they do some weird stuff to my signal. So my question is what are these signals? Where are they coming from? Where are they going? Why are they so ridiculously strong? Why don't they ever last very long? Here's an inSSIDer screenshot I took, for your perusal. I am labeled with "me", my greedy neighbor labeled with "neighbor", and the 2 quasar signals are labeled with "WTF?".

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  • How is route automatic metric calculated on Windows 7?

    - by e-t172
    KB299540 explains how Windows XP automatically assign metrics to IP routes: The following table outlines the criteria that is used to assign metrics for routes that are bound to network interfaces of various speeds. Greater than 200 Mb: 10 Greater than 20 Mb, and less than or equal to 200 Mb: 20 Greater than 4 Mb, and less than or equal to 20 Mb: 30 Greater than 500 kilobits (Kb), and less than or equal to 4 Mb: 40 Less than or equal to 500 Kb: 50 However, they seem to have changed their algorithm in Windows 7, as my routing table looks like this: IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.3 10 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.202.254.254 10.202.1.2 286 10.202.0.0 255.255.0.0 On-link 10.202.1.2 286 10.202.1.2 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.202.1.2 286 10.202.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.202.1.2 286 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.0.3 266 192.168.0.3 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.3 266 192.168.0.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.3 266 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.0.3 266 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 10.202.1.2 286 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.202.1.2 40 =========================================================================== The only "correct" metric is the first one (Gigabit connection = 10). However, other routes using the Gigabit connection have metric = 266, my VPN has metric = 286, and loopback is 306 (?!). Any idea what's going on?

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  • Growing a Linux software RAID5 array

    - by chrismetcalf
    On my home file server, I've got a 1.5TB software RAID5 array, built from four 500gb Western Digital drives. I've got a fifth drive that I usually run as a hot spare (but have out of the array at the moment), but if I can I'd like to add that to the array and grow it to 2TB since I'm running out of space. I Googled for guidance, but there seem to be a lot of differing opinions out there (many of them probably now out-of-date) as to whether or not that is possible and/or smart. What's the right way to go about this, or should I start looking into building a new array with more space? Version details: %> cat /etc/issue Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 \n \l %> uname -a Linux magrathea 2.6.26-1-686-bigmem #1 SMP Sat Jan 10 19:13:22 UTC 2009 i686 GNU/Linux %> /sbin/mdadm --version mdadm - v2.6.7.2 - 14th November 2008 %> cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md1 : active raid1 hdc1[0] hdd1[1] 293033536 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid5 sde1[3] sda1[0] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] 1465151808 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU]

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  • How to force mdadm to stop RAID5 array?

    - by lucek
    I have /dev/md127 RAID5 array that consisted of four drives. I managed to hot remove them from the array and currently /dev/md127 does not have any drives: cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid1 sdd1[0] sda1[1] 304052032 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid0 sda5[1] sdd5[0] 16770048 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks md127 : active raid5 super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/0] [____] unused devices: <none> and mdadm --detail /dev/md127 /dev/md127: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Thu Sep 6 10:39:57 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 8790402048 (8383.18 GiB 9001.37 GB) Used Dev Size : 2930134016 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Fri Sep 7 17:19:47 2012 State : clean, FAILED Active Devices : 0 Working Devices : 0 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 0 0 1 removed 2 0 0 2 removed 3 0 0 3 removed I've tried to do mdadm --stop /dev/md127 but: mdadm --stop /dev/md127 mdadm: Cannot get exclusive access to /dev/md127:Perhaps a running process, mounted filesystem or active volume group? I made sure that it's unmounted, umount -l /dev/md127 and confirmed that it indeed is unmounted: umount /dev/md127 umount: /dev/md127: not mounted I've tried to zero superblock of each drive and I get (for each drive): mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sde1 mdadm: Unrecognised md component device - /dev/sde1 Here's output of lsof|grep md127: lsof|grep md127 md127_rai 276 root cwd DIR 9,0 4096 2 / md127_rai 276 root rtd DIR 9,0 4096 2 / md127_rai 276 root txt unknown /proc/276/exe What else can I do? LVM is not even installed so it can't be a factor.

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  • Copying files between linux machines with strong authentication but without encryption

    - by Zizzencs
    I'm looking for a suitable program to copy files from one linux machine to another one. The program should be able to do authentication but it should not do encryption. The reason behind the latter is the lack of CPU power to do the encryption. I copy backups from ~70 machines to a single backup server simultaneously. The single server is an HP Proliant DL360 G7, with 10 Gbps ethernet connection and an FC storage backend that can do 4 Gbps. Through FTP I can write ~400MB/sec to the storage (that's about what I want) but through ssh with arcfour I can only do ~100MB/sec while having 100% CPU usage. That's why I want file transfers not to be encrypted. The alternatives that I found not really suitable: rcp: no authentication, forget it FTP: making the authentication "secure" (at least preventing plain-text password exchange) is possible but not really easy and I haven't found a method to force any FTP daemon to encrypt the control channel (for the authentication) and not to encrypt the data channel (for data transfers) SCP/SFTP: in farely recent ssh(d) implementations you can't turn off encryption. The best you can do is to use the arcfour cypher for the encryption but it sill uses too much CPU power for my needs. rsync over ssh: same problems as with SCP/SFTP. plain rsync: from the documentation of rsyncd: "The authentication protocol used in rsync is a 128 bit MD4 based challenge response system. This is fairly weak protection, though (with at least one brute-force hash-finding algorithm publicly available), so if you want really top-quality security, then I recommend that you run rsync over ssh." It's a no-go. Is there a protocol/program that can do exactly what I want? (A big plus would be if it could work on windows as well and/or if it would support rsync-stlye copying/synchronization (e.g. copy only the differences).)

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  • Reusing slot numbers in Linux software RAID arrays

    - by thkala
    When a hard disk drive in one of my Linux machines failed, I took the opportunity to migrate from RAID5 to a 6-disk software RAID6 array. At the time of the migration I did not have all 6 drives - more specifically the fourth and fifth (slots 3 and 4) drives were already in use in the originating array, so I created the RAID6 array with a couple of missing devices. I now need to add those drives in those empty slots. Using mdadm --add does result in a proper RAID6 configuration, with one glitch - the new drives are placed in new slots, which results in this /proc/mdstat snippet: ... md0 : active raid6 sde1[7] sdd1[6] sda1[0] sdf1[5] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] 25185536 blocks super 1.0 level 6, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [6/6] [UUUUUU] ... mdadm -E verifies that the actual slot numbers in the device superblocks are correct, yet the numbers shown in /proc/mdstat are still weird. I would like to fix this glitch, both to satisfy my inner perfectionist and to avoid any potential sources of future confusion in a crisis. Is there a way to specify which slot a new device should occupy in a RAID array? UPDATE: I have verified that the slot number persists in the component device superblock. For the version 1.0 superblocks that I am using that would be the dev_number field as defined in include/linux/raid/md_p.h of the Linux kernel source. I am now considering direct modification of said field to change the slot number - I don't suppose there is some standard way to manipulate the RAID superblock?

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  • Upgrading PHP, MySQL old-passwords issue

    - by Rushyo
    I've inherited a Windows 2k3 server running an XAMPP-installation from the stone age. I needed to upgrade PHP to facilitate an upgrade to MediaWiki to facilitate a new MediaWiki extension (to facilitate some documentation to facilitate doing my job to facilitate getting paid to facilit... you get the idea). However... installing a new version of PHP resulted in PHP's MySQL libraries refusing to communicate using MySQL's 'old style' 152-bit passwords. Not a problem in theory. The MySQL installation is post-4.1, so it should have the functionality to upgrade the user's passwords from 152-bit to 328-bit (what a weird hashing algorithm...). I ran the following: SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('foo'); on MySQL but querying: SELECT user, password FROM mysql.user; returned just the same password I started out with - 152-bit. Now... I suspect you're thinking 'AHA! old-passwords is on!'. Unfortunately it's not - I've disabled it in the configuration (explicitly set it to 0), made doubly sure I have an absolute reference to that configuration file and ensured the service isn't using the --old-passwords flag. The service was reset after each and every operation. So I went onto another system and generated the 328-bit hash on there, copying the hash over to the first MySQL instance. Unfortunately, that didn't work either (I did remember to FLUSH PRIVILEGES). The application error is: "'mysqlnd cannot connect to MySQL 4.1+ using the old insecure authentication. Please use an administration tool [...snip...] Is there anything else I can try to get PHP to recognise MySQL as not using the 'old insecure authentication'? MySQL seems to be stuck in 'old-passwords' mode and I can't get it out of it.

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  • Distributed and/or Parallel SSIS processing

    - by Jeff
    Background: Our company hosts SaaS DSS applications, where clients provide us data Daily and/or Weekly, which we process & merge into their existing database. During business hours, load in the servers are pretty minimal as it's mostly users running simple pre-defined queries via the website, or running drill-through reports that mostly hit the SSAS OLAP cube. I manage the IT Operations Team, and so far this has presented an interesting "scaling" issue for us. For our daily-refreshed clients, the server is only "busy" for about 4-6 hrs at night. For our weekly-refresh clients, the server is only "busy" for maybe 8-10 hrs per week! We've done our best to use some simple methods of distributing the load by spreading the daily clients evenly among the servers such that we're not trying to process daily clients back-to-back over night. But long-term this scaling strategy creates two notable issues. First, it's going to consume a pretty immense amount of hardware that sits idle for large periods of time. Second, it takes significant Production Support over-head to basically "schedule" the ETL such that they don't over-lap, and move clients/schedules around if they out-grow the resources on a particular server or allocated time-slot. As the title would imply, one option we've tried is running multiple SSIS packages in parallel, but in most cases this has yielded VERY inconsistent results. The most common failures are DTExec, SQL, and SSAS fighting for physical memory and throwing out-of-memory errors, and ETLs running 3,4,5x longer than expected. So from my practical experience thus far, it seems like running multiple ETL packages on the same hardware isn't a good idea, but I can't be the first person that doesn't want to scale multiple ETLs around manual scheduling, and sequential processing. One option we've considered is virtualizing the servers, which obviously doesn't give you any additional resources, but moves the resource contention onto the hypervisor, which (from my experience) seems to manage simultaneous CPU/RAM/Disk I/O a little more gracefully than letting DTExec, SQL, and SSAS battle it out within Windows. Question to the forum: So my question to the forum is, are we missing something obvious here? Are there tools out there that can help manage running multiple SSIS packages on the same hardware? Would it be more "efficient" in terms of parallel execution if instead of running DTExec, SQL, and SSAS same machine (with every machine running that configuration), we run in pairs of three machines with SSIS running on one machine, SQL on another, and SSAS on a third? Obviously that would only make sense if we could process more than the three ETL we were able to process on the machine independently. Another option we've considered is completely re-architecting our SSIS package to have one "master" package for all clients that attempts to intelligently chose a server based off how "busy" it already is in terms of CPU/Memory/Disk utilization, but that would be a herculean effort, and seems like we're trying to reinvent something that you would think someone would sell (although I haven't had any luck finding it). So in summary, are we missing an obvious solution for this, and does anyone know if any tools (for free or for purchase, doesn't matter) that facilitate running multiple SSIS ETL packages in parallel and on multiple servers? (What I would call a "queue & node based" system, but that's not an official term). Ultimately VMWare's Distributed Resource Scheduler addresses this as you simply run a consistent number of clients per VM that you know will never conflict scheduleing-wise, then leave it up to VMWare to move the VMs around to balance out hardware usage. I'm definitely not against using VMWare to do this, but since we're a 100% Microsoft app stack, it seems like -someone- out there would have solved this problem at the application layer instead of the hypervisor layer by checking on resource utilization at the OS, SQL, SSAS levels. I'm open to ANY discussion on this, and remember no suggestion is too crazy or radical! :-) Right now, VMWare is the only option we've found to get away from "manually" balancing our resources, so any suggestions that leave us on a pure Microsoft stack would be great. Thanks guys, Jeff

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  • How to make Thunderbird play nice with Google mail

    - by Christi
    Thunderbird and gmail aren't exactly the best of friends. Gmail's tags mean that Thunderbird often downloads multiple copies of a single mail. Anything tagged in gmail will appear in a folder related to that tag, the "all mail" folder, and possibly the "inbox" and "sent mail" folders too. Thus a mail with multiple tags could potentially be stored more than four times in a local Thunderbird cache. This can make searching difficult, and is obviously wasteful of disk space. The best solution I have come up with is as follows. Operate a zero inbox policy (i.e. use the inbox for processing live mail only and archive everything else) which eliminates an extra copy in the inbox. Secondly, configure Thunderbird not to sync the "Sent Mail" folder - this is a bit of a pain, since I actually find it quite useful to be able to look through just the mails I've sent, but a search can duplicate this functionality. In this way, most of the duplicates are removed, and only mail with tags is stored locally more than once. Ideally, however, I'd only like one copy of each mail to be stored locally. I am surprised Thunderbird doesn't store mail by some sort of hashing algorithm to prevent precisely this problem - but it wouldn't be compatible with the way the folders are mirrored in a local directory structure, I suppose. Can anyone think of a better way to get Thunderbird to cache a Google mail account locally efficiently.

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  • Take a regular Windows 7 clone with clonezilla (device-to-image)

    - by Mario De Schaepmeester
    I am unexperienced with cloning software and I've decided to use Clonezilla as it seemed best as freeware. I chose device image and left most options standard. I chose expert mode anyway to see what I could configure, and decided to try the lzop algorithm instead of the default one for compression. The rest was left at default. When Clonezilla asked me which partitions to clone (I chose parts to image), I chose the C:\ drive but Windows 7 also creates a 100MB partition on setup for system files (the actual boot partition?). I copied that into the image as well. The reason I didn't choose disk to image is that I also have a data partition that needs to stay intact. Now I'm simply not sure that this is the way to go, should I ever need to restore my disk image. Will Clonezilla know what to do with both partitions and will Windows 7 work perfectly after restoring? Edit: apparantly a similar question has been asked before. The link to the first article in the answer is not relevant to me since it covers a device-to-device clone. It appears the windows installation disk can repair the 100MB partition. As for Clonezilla, it copies "hidden data after the MBR" by default too. I don't know, I feel I'll be allright whether by restoring the partition with Clonezilla or repairing it with the Windows 7 disk.

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