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  • python simple function error ?

    - by abhilashm86
    Here's a simple function to do simple math operations, when i call this from other program using import, output i get is none. When i remove def function, everything is working fine. What's the problem with defining this function? I'm new to python. def calci(a, op, b): if op == '+': c = a + b elif op == '-': c = a-b elif op == '*': c= a*b elif op =='/': if(b == 0): print('can\'t divide') c = a/b print('value is',c) return c result = calci(12,'+', 12) print(result) nter code here

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  • complex if statement in python

    - by Neverland
    I need to realize a complex if-elif-else statement in Python but I don't get it working. The elif line I need has to check a variable for this conditions: 80, 443 or 1024-65535 inclusive I tried if ... # several checks ... elif (var1 > 65535) or ((var1 < 1024) and (var1 != 80) and (var1 != 443)): # fail else ...

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  • Python how to execute generate code ?

    - by Natim
    Hello guys I have this code, and I would like to use the app parameter to generate the code instead of duplicating it. if app == 'map': try: from modulo.map.views import map return map(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'schedule': try: from modulo.schedule.views import schedule_day return schedule_day(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'sponsors': try: from modulo.sponsors.views import sponsors return sponsors(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'streaming': try: from modulo.streaming.views import streaming return streaming(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass Do you have any idea ? Thanks

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  • Python: how to execute generated code ?

    - by Natim
    Hello guys I have this code, and I would like to use the app parameter to generate the code instead of duplicating it. if app == 'map': try: from modulo.map.views import map return map(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'schedule': try: from modulo.schedule.views import schedule_day return schedule_day(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'sponsors': try: from modulo.sponsors.views import sponsors return sponsors(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'streaming': try: from modulo.streaming.views import streaming return streaming(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass Do you have any idea ? Thanks

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  • Python Logic in searching String

    - by Mahmoud A. Raouf
    filtered=[] text="any.pdf" if "doc" and "pdf" and "xls" and "jpg" not in text: filtered.append(text) print(filtered) This is my first Post in Stack Overflow, so excuse if there's something annoying in Question, The Code suppose to append text if text doesn't include any of these words:doc,pdf,xls,jpg. It works fine if Its like: if "doc" in text: elif "jpg" in text: elif "pdf" in text: elif "xls" in text: else: filtered.append(text)

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  • Yet another list comprehension question

    - by relima
    I had this: if Setting["Language"] == "en": f.m_radioBox3.SetSelection(0) elif Setting["Language"] == "pt": f.m_radioBox3.SetSelection(1) elif Setting["Language"] == "fr": f.m_radioBox3.SetSelection(2) elif Setting["Language"] == "es": f.m_radioBox3.SetSelection(3) Then I did this: Linguas = ["en","pt","fr","es"] a = 0 for i in Linguas: if i == Setting["Language"]: f.m_radioBox3.SetSelection(a) a += 1 Is it possible to further simplify this and make it into a one-liner?

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  • PGU HTML Renderer can't render most sites

    - by None
    I am trying to make a web browser using pygame. I am using PGU for html rendering. It works fine when I visit simple sites, like example.com, but when I try and load anything more complex that uses an html form, like google, I get this error: UnboundLocalError: local variable 'e' referenced before assignment I looked in the PGU html rendering file and found this code segment: def start_input(self,attrs): r = self.attrs_to_map(attrs) params = self.map_to_params(r) #why bother #params = {} type_,name,value = r.get('type','text'),r.get('name',None),r.get('value',None) f = self.form if type_ == 'text': e = gui.Input(**params) self.map_to_connects(e,r) self.item.add(e) elif type_ == 'radio': if name not in f.groups: f.groups[name] = gui.Group(name=name) g = f.groups[name] del params['name'] e = gui.Radio(group=g,**params) self.map_to_connects(e,r) self.item.add(e) if 'checked' in r: g.value = value elif type_ == 'checkbox': if name not in f.groups: f.groups[name] = gui.Group(name=name) g = f.groups[name] del params['name'] e = gui.Checkbox(group=g,**params) self.map_to_connects(e,r) self.item.add(e) if 'checked' in r: g.value = value elif type_ == 'button': e = gui.Button(**params) self.map_to_connects(e,r) self.item.add(e) elif type_ == 'submit': e = gui.Button(**params) self.map_to_connects(e,r) self.item.add(e) elif type_ == 'file': e = gui.Input(**params) self.map_to_connects(e,r) self.item.add(e) b = gui.Button(value='Browse...') self.item.add(b) def _browse(value): d = gui.FileDialog(); d.connect(gui.CHANGE,gui.action_setvalue,(d,e)) d.open(); b.connect(gui.CLICK,_browse,None) self._locals[r.get('id',None)] = e I got the error in the last line, because e wasn't defined. I am guessing the reason for this is that the if statement that checks the type of the input and creates the e variable didn't match anything. I added a line to print the _type variable and I got 'hidden' when i tried google and apple. Is there any way to render form items that have the type 'hidden' with PGU?

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  • Is this the right way of handling command line arguments?

    - by shadyabhi
    ask_username = True ask_password = True ask_message = True ask_number = True def Usage(): print '\t-h, --help: View help' print '\t-u, --username: Username' print '\t-p, --password: Password' print '\t-n, --number: numbber to send the sms' print '\t-m, --message: Message to send' sys.exit(1) opts, args = getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'u:p:m:n:h',["username=","password=","message=","number=","help"]) print opts, args for o,v in opts: if o in ("-h", "--help"): Usage() elif o in ("-u", "--username"): username = v ask_username = False elif o in ("-p", "--password"): passwd = v ask_password = False elif o in ("-m", "--message"): message = v ask_message = False elif o in ("-n", "--number"): number = v ask_number = False #Credentials taken here if ask_username: username = raw_input("Enter USERNAME: ") if ask_password: passwd = getpass() if ask_message: message = raw_input("Enter Message: ") if ask_number: number = raw_input("Enter Mobile number: ") I dont think it is, because I am using 4 objects just for checking if command line argument was provided... Guide me with the best way of doing it..

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  • can this code be shortened or improved?

    - by user2816683
    Can this be shortened/improved? I'm trying to make a password checker in python. Could the if's be put into a for loop? And if so, how? pw = input("Enter password to test: ") caps = sum(1 for c in pw if c.isupper()) lower = sum(1 for c in pw if c.islower()) nums = sum(1 for c in pw if c.isnumeric()) scr = ['weak', 'medium', 'strong'] r = [caps, lower, nums] if len(pw) < 6: print("too short") elif len(pw) > 12: print("too long") if caps >= 1: if lower >= 1: if nums >= 1: print(scr[2]) elif nums < 1: print("your password is " + scr[1]) elif lower < 1: print("your password strength is " + scr[0]) elif caps < 1: print("your password strength is " + scr[1]) Thanks for any suggestions :D

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  • what is the best way to use loops to detect events while the main loop is running?

    - by yao jiang
    I am making an "game" that has pathfinding using pygame. I am using Astar algo. I have a main loop which draws the whole map. In the loop I check for events. If user press "enter" or "space", random start and end are selected, then animation starts and it will try to get from start to end. My draw function is stupid as hell right now, it works as expected but I feel that I am doing it wrong. It'll draw everything to the end of the animation. I am also detecting events in there as well. What is a better way of implementing the draw function such that it will draw one "step" at a time while checking for events? animating = False; while loop: check events: if not animating: # space or enter press will choose random start/end coords if enter_pressed or space_pressed: start, end = choose_coords route = find_route(start, end) draw(start, end, grid, route) else: # left click == generate an event to block the path # right click == user can choose a new destination if left_mouse_click: gen_event() reroute() elif right_mouse_click: new_end = new_end() new_start = current_pos() route = find_route(new_start, new_end) draw(new_start, new_end, grid, route) # draw out the grid def draw(start, end, grid, route_coord): # draw the end coords color = red; pick_image(screen, color, width*end[1],height*end[0]); pygame.display.flip(); # then draw the rest of the route for i in range(len(route_coord)): # pausing because we want animation time.sleep(speed); # get the x/y coords x,y = route_coord[i]; event_on = False; if grid[x][y] == 2: color = green; elif grid[x][y] == 3: color = blue; for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: if event.button == 3: print "destination change detected, rerouting"; # get mouse position, px coords pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos(); # get grid coord c = pos[0] // width; r = pos[1] // height; grid[r][c] = 4; end = [r, c]; elif event.button == 1: print "user generated event"; pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos(); # get grid coord c = pos[0] // width; r = pos[1] // height; # mark it as a block for now grid[r][c] = 1; event_on = True; if check_events([x,y]) or event_on: # there is an event # mark it as a block for now grid[y][x] = 1; pick_image(screen, event_x, width*y, height*x); pygame.display.flip(); # then find a new route new_start = route_coord[i-1]; marked_grid, route_coord = find_route(new_start, end, grid); draw(new_start, end, grid, route_coord); return; # just end draw here so it wont throw the "index out of range" error elif grid[x][y] == 4: color = red; pick_image(screen, color, width*y, height*x); pygame.display.flip(); # clear route coord list, otherwise itll just add more unwanted coords route_coord_list[:] = [];

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  • I'm making a simulated tv

    - by Jam
    I need to make a tv that shows the user the channel and the volume, and shows whether or not the television is on. I have the majority of the code made, but for some reason the channels won't switch. I'm fairly unfamiliar with how properties work, and I think that's what my problem here is. Help please. class Television(object): def __init__(self, __channel=1, volume=1, is_on=0): self.__channel=__channel self.volume=volume self.is_on=is_on def __str__(self): if self.is_on==1: print "The tv is on" print self.__channel print self.volume else: print "The television is off." def toggle_power(self): if self.is_on==1: self.is_on=0 return self.is_on if self.is_on==0: self.is_on=1 return self.is_on def get_channel(self): return channel def set_channel(self, choice): if self.is_on==1: if choice>=0 and choice<=499: channel=self.__channel else: print "Invalid channel!" else: print "The television isn't on!" channel=property(get_channel, set_channel) def raise_volume(self, up=1): if self.is_on==1: self.volume+=up if self.volume>=10: self.volume=10 print "Max volume!" else: print "The television isn't on!" def lower_volume(self, down=1): if self.is_on==1: self.volume-=down if self.volume<=0: self.volume=0 print "Muted!" else: print "The television isn't on!" def main(): tv=Television() choice=None while choice!="0": print \ """ Television 0 - Exit 1 - Toggle Power 2 - Change Channel 3 - Raise Volume 4 - Lower Volume """ choice=raw_input("Choice: ") print if choice=="0": print "Good-bye." elif choice=="1": tv.toggle_power() tv.__str__() elif choice=="2": change=raw_input("What would you like to change the channel to?") tv.set_channel(change) tv.__str__() elif choice=="3": tv.raise_volume() tv.__str__() elif choice=="4": tv.lower_volume() tv.__str__() else: print "\nSorry, but", choice, "isn't a valid choice." main() raw_input("Press enter to exit.")

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  • cant download youtube video

    - by dsaccount1
    I'm having trouble retrieving the youtube video automatically, heres the code. The problem is the last part. download = urllib.request.urlopen(download_url).read() # Youtube video download script # 10n1z3d[at]w[dot]cn import urllib.request import sys print("\n--------------------------") print (" Youtube Video Downloader") print ("--------------------------\n") try: video_url = sys.argv[1] except: video_url = input('[+] Enter video URL: ') print("[+] Connecting...") try: if(video_url.endswith('&feature=related')): video_id = video_url.split('www.youtube.com/watch?v=')[1].split('&feature=related')[0] elif(video_url.endswith('&feature=dir')): video_id = video_url.split('www.youtube.com/watch?v=')[1].split('&feature=dir')[0] elif(video_url.endswith('&feature=fvst')): video_id = video_url.split('www.youtube.com/watch?v=')[1].split('&feature=fvst')[0] elif(video_url.endswith('&feature=channel_page')): video_id = video_url.split('www.youtube.com/watch?v=')[1].split('&feature=channel_page')[0] else: video_id = video_url.split('www.youtube.com/watch?v=')[1] except: print("[-] Invalid URL.") exit(1) print("[+] Parsing token...") try: url = str(urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?&video_id=' + video_id).read()) token_value = url.split('video_id='+video_id+'&token=')[1].split('&thumbnail_url')[0] download_url = "http://www.youtube.com/get_video?video_id=" + video_id + "&t=" + token_value + "&fmt=18" except: url = str(urllib.request.urlopen('www.youtube.com/watch?v=' + video_id)) exit(1) v_url=str(urllib.request.urlopen('http://'+video_url).read()) video_title = v_url.split('"rv.2.title": "')[1].split('", "rv.4.rating"')[0] if '&quot;' in video_title: video_title = video_title.replace('&quot;','"') elif '&amp;' in video_title: video_title = video_title.replace('&amp;','&') print("[+] Downloading " + '"' + video_title + '"...') try: print(download_url) file = open(video_title + '.mp4', 'wb') download = urllib.request.urlopen(download_url).read() print(download) for line in download: file.write(line) file.close() except: print("[-] Error downloading. Quitting.") exit(1) print("\n[+] Done. The video is saved to the current working directory(cwd).\n")

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  • What happened to the .NET version definition with v4.0?

    - by Tom Tresansky
    I'm building a C# class library, and using the beta 2 of Visual Web Developer/Visual C# 2010. I'm trying to save information about what version of .NET the library was built under. In the past, I was able to use this: // What version of .net was it built under? #if NET_1_0 public const string NETFrameworkVersion = ".NET 1.0"; #elif NET_1_1 public const string NETFrameworkVersion = ".NET 1.1"; #elif NET_2_0 public const string NETFrameworkVersion = ".NET 2.0"; #elif NET_3_5 public const string NETFrameworkVersion = ".NET 3.5"; #else public const string NETFrameworkVersion = ".NET version unknown"; #endif So I figured I could just add: #elif NET_4_0 public const string NETFrameworkVersion = ".NET 4.0"; Now, in Project-Properties, my target Framework is ".NET Framework 4". If I check: Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().ImageRuntimeVersion I can see my runtime version is v4.0.21006 (so I know I have .NET 4.0 installed on my CPU). I naturally expect to see that my NETFrameworkVersion variable holds ".NET 4.0". It does not. It holds ".NET version unknown". So my question is, why is NET_4_0 not defined? Did the naming convention change? Is there some simple other way to determine .NET framework build version in versions 3.5?

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  • Python 4 step setup with progressBars

    - by Samuel Taylor
    I'm having a problem with the code below. When I run it the progress bar will pulse for around 10 secs as meant to and then move on to downloading and will show the progress but when finished it will not move on to the next step it just locks up. import sys import time import pygtk import gtk import gobject import threading import urllib import urlparse class WorkerThread(threading.Thread): def __init__ (self, function, parent, arg = None): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.function = function self.parent = parent self.arg = arg self.parent.still_working = True def run(self): # when does "run" get executed? self.parent.still_working = True if self.arg == None: self.function() else: self.function(self.arg) self.parent.still_working = False def stop(self): self = None class MainWindow: def __init__(self): gtk.gdk.threads_init() self.wTree = gtk.Builder() self.wTree.add_from_file("gui.glade") self.mainWindows() def mainWindows(self): self.mainWindow = self.wTree.get_object("frmMain") dic = { "on_btnNext_clicked" : self.mainWindowNext, } self.wTree.connect_signals(dic) self.mainWindow.show() self.installerStep = 0 # 0 = none, 1 = preinstall, 2 = download, 3 = install info, 4 = install #gtk.main() self.mainWindowNext() def pulse(self): self.wTree.get_object("progress").pulse() if self.still_working == False: self.mainWindowNext() return self.still_working def preinstallStep(self): self.wTree.get_object("progress").set_fraction(0) self.wTree.get_object("btnNext").set_sensitive(0) self.wTree.get_object("notebook1").set_current_page(0) self.installerStep = 1 WT = WorkerThread(self.heavyWork, self) #Would do a heavy function here like setup some thing WT.start() gobject.timeout_add(75, self.pulse) def downloadStep(self): self.wTree.get_object("progress").set_fraction(0) self.wTree.get_object("btnNext").set_sensitive(0) self.wTree.get_object("notebook1").set_current_page(0) self.installerStep = 2 urllib.urlretrieve('http://mozilla.mirrors.evolva.ro//firefox/releases/3.6.3/win32/en-US/Firefox%20Setup%203.6.3.exe', '/tmp/firefox.exe', self.updateHook) self.mainWindowNext() def updateHook(self, blocks, blockSize, totalSize): percentage = float ( blocks * blockSize ) / totalSize if percentage > 1: percentage = 1 self.wTree.get_object("progress").set_fraction(percentage) while gtk.events_pending(): gtk.main_iteration() def installInfoStep(self): self.wTree.get_object("btnNext").set_sensitive(1) self.wTree.get_object("notebook1").set_current_page(1) self.installerStep = 3 def installStep(self): self.wTree.get_object("progress").set_fraction(0) self.wTree.get_object("btnNext").set_sensitive(0) self.wTree.get_object("notebook1").set_current_page(0) self.installerStep = 4 WT = WorkerThread(self.heavyWork, self) #Would do a heavy function here like setup some thing WT.start() gobject.timeout_add(75, self.pulse) def mainWindowNext(self, widget = None): if self.installerStep == 0: self.preinstallStep() elif self.installerStep == 1: self.downloadStep() elif self.installerStep == 2: self.installInfoStep() elif self.installerStep == 3: self.installStep() elif self.installerStep == 4: sys.exit(0) def heavyWork(self): time.sleep(10) if __name__ == '__main__': MainWindow() gtk.main()

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  • error in a pygame code

    - by mekasperasky
    # INTIALISATION import pygame, math, sys from pygame.locals import * screen = pygame.display.set_mode((1024, 768)) car = pygame.image.load('car.png') clock = pygame.time.Clock() k_up = k_down = k_left = k_right = 0 speed = direction = 0 position = (100, 100) TURN_SPEED = 5 ACCELERATION = 2 MAX_FORWARD_SPEED = 10 MAX_REVERSE_SPEED = ­5 BLACK = (0,0,0) while 1: # USER INPUT clock.tick(30) for event in pygame.event.get(): if not hasattr(event, 'key'): continue down = event.type == KEYDOWN # key down or up? if event.key == K_RIGHT: k_right = down * ­5 elif event.key == K_LEFT: k_left = down * 5 elif event.key == K_UP: k_up = down * 2 elif event.key == K_DOWN: k_down = down * ­2 elif event.key == K_ESCAPE: sys.exit(0) # quit the game screen.fill(BLACK) # SIMULATION # .. new speed and direction based on acceleration and turn speed += (k_up + k_down) if speed > MAX_FORWARD_SPEED: speed = MAX_FORWARD_SPEED if speed < MAX_REVERSE_SPEED: speed = MAX_REVERSE_SPEED direction += (k_right + k_left) # .. new position based on current position, speed and direction x, y = position rad = direction * math.pi / 180 x += ­speed*math.sin(rad) y += ­speed*math.cos(rad) position = (x, y) # RENDERING # .. rotate the car image for direction rotated = pygame.transform.rotate(car, direction) # .. position the car on screen rect = rotated.get_rect() rect.center = position # .. render the car to screen screen.blit(rotated, rect) pygame.display.flip() enter code here the error i get is this Non-ASCII character '\xc2' in file race1.py on line 13, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details Not able to understand what the error is and how to get rid of it?

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  • Calculating a total cost in Python

    - by Sérgio Lourenço
    I'm trying to create a trip planner in python, but after I defined all the functions I'm not able to call and calculate them in the last function tripCost(). In tripCost, I want to put the days and travel destination (city) and the program runs the functions and gives me the exact result of all the 3 functions previously defined. Code: def hotelCost(): days = raw_input ("How many nights will you stay at the hotel?") total = 140 * int(days) print "The total cost is",total,"dollars" def planeRideCost(): city = raw_input ("Wich city will you travel to\n") if city == 'Charlotte': return "The cost is 183$" elif city == 'Tampa': return "The cost is 220$" elif city == 'Pittsburgh': return "The cost is 222$" elif city == 'Los Angeles': return "The cost is 475$" else: return "That's not a valid destination" def rentalCarCost(): rental_days = raw_input ("How many days will you rent the car\n") discount_3 = 40 * int(rental_days) * 0.2 discount_7 = 40 * int(rental_days) * 0.5 total_rent3 = 40 * int(rental_days) - discount_3 total_rent7 = 40 * int(rental_days) - discount_7 cost_day = 40 * int(rental_days) if int(rental_days) >= 3: print "The total cost is", total_rent3, "dollars" elif int(rental_days) >= 7: print "The total cost is", total_rent7, "dollars" else: print "The total cost is", cost_day, "dollars" def tripCost(): travel_city = raw_input ("What's our destination\n") days_travel = raw_input ("\nHow many days will you stay\n") total_trip_cost = hotelCost(int(day_travel)) + planeRideCost (str(travel_city)) + rentalCost (int(days_travel)) return "The total cost with the trip is", total_trip_cost tripCost()

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  • Python 4 steps setup with progressBars

    - by Samuel Taylor
    I'm having a problem with the code below. When I run it the progress bar will pulse for around 10 secs as meant to and then move on to downloading and will show the progress but when finished it will not move on to the next step it just locks up. import sys import time import pygtk import gtk import gobject import threading import urllib import urlparse class WorkerThread(threading.Thread): def __init__ (self, function, parent, arg = None): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.function = function self.parent = parent self.arg = arg self.parent.still_working = True def run(self): # when does "run" get executed? self.parent.still_working = True if self.arg == None: self.function() else: self.function(self.arg) self.parent.still_working = False def stop(self): self = None class MainWindow: def __init__(self): gtk.gdk.threads_init() self.wTree = gtk.Builder() self.wTree.add_from_file("gui.glade") self.mainWindows() def mainWindows(self): self.mainWindow = self.wTree.get_object("frmMain") dic = { "on_btnNext_clicked" : self.mainWindowNext, } self.wTree.connect_signals(dic) self.mainWindow.show() self.installerStep = 0 # 0 = none, 1 = preinstall, 2 = download, 3 = install info, 4 = install #gtk.main() self.mainWindowNext() def pulse(self): self.wTree.get_object("progress").pulse() if self.still_working == False: self.mainWindowNext() return self.still_working def preinstallStep(self): self.wTree.get_object("progress").set_fraction(0) self.wTree.get_object("btnNext").set_sensitive(0) self.wTree.get_object("notebook1").set_current_page(0) self.installerStep = 1 WT = WorkerThread(self.heavyWork, self) #Would do a heavy function here like setup some thing WT.start() gobject.timeout_add(75, self.pulse) def downloadStep(self): self.wTree.get_object("progress").set_fraction(0) self.wTree.get_object("btnNext").set_sensitive(0) self.wTree.get_object("notebook1").set_current_page(0) self.installerStep = 2 urllib.urlretrieve('http://mozilla.mirrors.evolva.ro//firefox/releases/3.6.3/win32/en-US/Firefox%20Setup%203.6.3.exe', '/tmp/firefox.exe', self.updateHook) self.mainWindowNext() def updateHook(self, blocks, blockSize, totalSize): percentage = float ( blocks * blockSize ) / totalSize if percentage > 1: percentage = 1 self.wTree.get_object("progress").set_fraction(percentage) while gtk.events_pending(): gtk.main_iteration() def installInfoStep(self): self.wTree.get_object("btnNext").set_sensitive(1) self.wTree.get_object("notebook1").set_current_page(1) self.installerStep = 3 def installStep(self): self.wTree.get_object("progress").set_fraction(0) self.wTree.get_object("btnNext").set_sensitive(0) self.wTree.get_object("notebook1").set_current_page(0) self.installerStep = 4 WT = WorkerThread(self.heavyWork, self) #Would do a heavy function here like setup some thing WT.start() gobject.timeout_add(75, self.pulse) def mainWindowNext(self, widget = None): if self.installerStep == 0: self.preinstallStep() elif self.installerStep == 1: self.downloadStep() elif self.installerStep == 2: self.installInfoStep() elif self.installerStep == 3: self.installStep() elif self.installerStep == 4: sys.exit(0) def heavyWork(self): time.sleep(10) if __name__ == '__main__': MainWindow() gtk.main() I have a feeling that its something to do with: while gtk.events_pending(): gtk.main_iteration() Is there a better way of doing this?

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  • What is the Pythonic way to implement a simple FSM?

    - by Vicky
    Yesterday I had to parse a very simple binary data file - the rule is, look for two bytes in a row that are both 0xAA, then the next byte will be a length byte, then skip 9 bytes and output the given amount of data from there. Repeat to the end of the file. My solution did work, and was very quick to put together (even though I am a C programmer at heart, I still think it was quicker for me to write this in Python than it would have been in C) - BUT, it is clearly not at all Pythonic and it reads like a C program (and not a very good one at that!) What would be a better / more Pythonic approach to this? Is a simple FSM like this even still the right choice in Python? My solution: #! /usr/bin/python import sys f = open(sys.argv[1], "rb") state = 0 if f: for byte in f.read(): a = ord(byte) if state == 0: if a == 0xAA: state = 1 elif state == 1: if a == 0xAA: state = 2 else: state = 0 elif state == 2: count = a; skip = 9 state = 3 elif state == 3: skip = skip -1 if skip == 0: state = 4 elif state == 4: print "%02x" %a count = count -1 if count == 0: state = 0 print "\r\n"

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  • [Python] Tips for making a fraction calculator code more optimized (faster and using less memory)

    - by Logic Named Joe
    Hello Everyone, Basicly, what I need for the program to do is to act a as simple fraction calculator (for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) for the a single line of input, for example: -input: 1/7 + 3/5 -output: 26/35 My initial code: import sys def euclid(numA, numB): while numB != 0: numRem = numA % numB numA = numB numB = numRem return numA for wejscie in sys.stdin: wyjscie = wejscie.split(' ') a, b = [int(x) for x in wyjscie[0].split("/")] c, d = [int(x) for x in wyjscie[2].split("/")] if wyjscie[1] == '+': licz = a * d + b * c mian= b * d nwd = euclid(licz, mian) konA = licz/nwd konB = mian/nwd wynik = str(konA) + '/' + str(konB) print(wynik) elif wyjscie[1] == '-': licz= a * d - b * c mian= b * d nwd = euclid(licz, mian) konA = licz/nwd konB = mian/nwd wynik = str(konA) + '/' + str(konB) print(wynik) elif wyjscie[1] == '*': licz= a * c mian= b * d nwd = euclid(licz, mian) konA = licz/nwd konB = mian/nwd wynik = str(konA) + '/' + str(konB) print(wynik) else: licz= a * d mian= b * c nwd = euclid(licz, mian) konA = licz/nwd konB = mian/nwd wynik = str(konA) + '/' + str(konB) print(wynik) Which I reduced to: import sys def euclid(numA, numB): while numB != 0: numRem = numA % numB numA = numB numB = numRem return numA for wejscie in sys.stdin: wyjscie = wejscie.split(' ') a, b = [int(x) for x in wyjscie[0].split("/")] c, d = [int(x) for x in wyjscie[2].split("/")] if wyjscie[1] == '+': print("/".join([str((a * d + b * c)/euclid(a * d + b * c, b * d)),str((b * d)/euclid(a * d + b * c, b * d))])) elif wyjscie[1] == '-': print("/".join([str((a * d - b * c)/euclid(a * d - b * c, b * d)),str((b * d)/euclid(a * d - b * c, b * d))])) elif wyjscie[1] == '*': print("/".join([str((a * c)/euclid(a * c, b * d)),str((b * d)/euclid(a * c, b * d))])) else: print("/".join([str((a * d)/euclid(a * d, b * c)),str((b * c)/euclid(a * d, b * c))])) Any advice on how to improve this futher is welcome. Edit: one more thing that I forgot to mention - the code can not make use of any libraries apart from sys.

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  • Why does defined(X) not work in a preprocessor definition without a space?

    - by Devin
    A preprocessor definition that includes defined(X) will never evaluate to true, but (defined X) will. This occurs in MSVC9; I have not tested other preprocessors. A simple example: #define FEATURE0 1 #define FEATURE1 0 #define FEATURE2 1 #define FEATURE3 (FEATURE0 && !FEATURE1 && (defined(FEATURE2))) #define FEATURE4 (FEATURE0 && !FEATURE1 && (defined FEATURE2)) #define FEATURE5 (FEATURE0 && !FEATURE1 && (defined (FEATURE2))) #if FEATURE3 #pragma message("FEATURE3 Enabled") #elif (FEATURE0 && !FEATURE1 && (defined(FEATURE2))) #pragma message("FEATURE3 Enabled (Fallback)") #endif #if FEATURE4 #pragma message("FEATURE4 Enabled") #elif (FEATURE0 && !FEATURE1 && (defined FEATURE2)) #pragma message("FEATURE4 Enabled (Fallback)") #endif #if FEATURE5 #pragma message("FEATURE5 Enabled") #elif (FEATURE0 && !FEATURE1 && (defined (FEATURE2))) #pragma message("FEATURE5 Enabled (Fallback)") #endif The output from the compiler is: 1FEATURE3 Enabled (Fallback) 1FEATURE4 Enabled 1FEATURE5 Enabled Working cases: defined (X), defined( X ), and defined X. Broken case: defined(X) Why is defined evaluated differently when part of a definition, as in the #if cases in the example, compared to direct evaluation, as in the #elif cases in the example?

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  • Python optimization

    - by Rami Jarrar
    Hi, I do like this: f = open('wl4.txt', 'w') hh = 0 ###################################### for n in range(1,5): for l in range(33,127): if n==1: b = chr(l) + '\n' f.write(b) hh += 1 elif n==2: for s0 in range(33, 127): b = chr(l) + chr(s0) + '\n' f.write(b) hh += 1 elif n==3: for s0 in range(33, 127): for s1 in range(33, 127): b = chr(l) + chr(s0) + chr(s1) + '\n' f.write(b) hh += 1 elif n==4: for s0 in range(33, 127): for s1 in range(33, 127): for s2 in range(33,127): b = chr(l) + chr(s0) + chr(s1) + chr(s2) + '\n' f.write(b) hh += 1 ###################################### print "We Made %d Words." %(hh) ###################################### f.close() So, is there any method to make it faster?

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  • BASH SHELL IF ELSE run command in background

    - by bikerben
    I have used the & command before to make a script run another script in the background like so: #!/bin/bash echo "Hello World" script1.sh & script2.sh & echo "Please wait..." But lets say I have another script with an IF ELSE statment and I would like to set an ELIF statement mid flow as a background task witht the & and then carry on with processing the rest of my script knowing that while rest of the ELIF will carry running in the back ground: #!/bin/bash if cond1; then stuff sleep 10 & stuff stuff elif cond2; then something else else echo "foo" fi stuff echo "Hello World" I really hope this makes sense any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • I Made Simple Generator,, Is there any faster way ??

    - by Rami Jarrar
    Hi, i do like this: import time f = open('wl4.txt', 'w') hh = 0 ###################################### for n in range(1,5): for l in range(33,127): if n==1: b = chr(l) + '\n' f.write(b) hh += 1 elif n==2: for s0 in range(33, 127): b = chr(l) + chr(s0) + '\n' f.write(b) hh += 1 elif n==3: for s0 in range(33, 127): for s1 in range(33, 127): b = chr(l) + chr(s0) + chr(s1) + '\n' f.write(b) hh += 1 elif n==4: for s0 in range(33, 127): for s1 in range(33, 127): for s2 in range(33,127): b = chr(l) + chr(s0) + chr(s1) + chr(s2) + '\n' f.write(b) hh += 1 ###################################### print "We Made %d Words." %(hh) ###################################### f.close() So, is there any faster method to make it faster,,

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  • python need some help

    - by maxt0r
    hi i have my codes i have to do a module def subjects but i cant figure out how can u help me thanks. class Enrol: def init(self, dir): def readFiles(, dir, files): for file in files: if file == "classes.txt": class_list = readtable(dir+"/"+file) for item in class_list: Enrol.class_info_dict[item[0]] = item[1:] if item[1] in Enrol.classes_dict: Enrol.classes_dict[item[1]].append(item[0]) else: Enrol.classes_dict[item[1]] = [item[0]] elif file == "subjects.txt": subject_list = readtable(dir+"/"+file) for item in subject_list: Enrol.subjects_dict[item[0]] = item[1] elif file == "venues.txt": venue_list = readtable(dir+"/"+file) for item in venue_list: Enrol.venues_dict[item[0]] = item[1:] elif file.endswith('.roll'): roll_list = readlines(dir+"/"+file) file = os.path.splitext(file)[0] Enrol.class_roll_dict[file] = roll_list for item in roll_list: if item in Enrol.enrolled_dict: Enrol.enrolled_dict[item].append(file) else: Enrol.enrolled_dict[item] = [file] try: os.walk(dir, _readFiles, None) except: print "directory not properly been recognise error" def subjects(what should i write here??): for name in suject_list: print name, out put should look like import enrol e = enrol.Enrol("/path/to/data") e.subjects() ['bw101', 'bw110', 'bw232', 'bw290', 'bw660']

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  • Screen (command-line program) bug?

    - by VioletCrime
    fired up my Minecraft server again after about a year off. My server used to run 11.04, which has since been upgraded to 12.04; I lost my management scripts in the upgrade (thought I'd backed up the user's home directory), but whatever, I enjoy developing stuff like that anyways. However, this time around, I'm running into issues. I start the Minecraft server using a detached screen, however the script is unable to 'stuff' commands into the screen instance until I attach to the screen then detach again? Once I do that, I can stuff anything I want into the server's terminal using the -X option, until I stop/start the server again, then I have to reattach and detach in order to restore functionality? Here's the manager script: #!/bin/bash #Name of the screen housing the server (set with the -S flag at startup) SCREENNAME=minecraft1 #Name of the folder housing the Minecraft world FOLDERNAME=world1 startServer (){ if screen -list | grep "$SCREENNAME" > /dev/null then echo "Cannot start Minecraft server; it is already running!" else screen -dmS $SCREENNAME java -Xmx1024M -Xms1024M -jar minecraft_server.jar sleep 2 if screen -list | grep "$SCREENNAME" > /dev/null then echo "Minecraft server started; happy mining!" else echo "ERROR: Minecraft server failed to start!" fi fi; } stopServer (){ if screen -list | grep "$SCREENNAME" > /dev/null then echo "Server is running. Giving a 1-minute warning." screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff "/say Shutting down (halt) in one minute." screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff $'\015' sleep 45 screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff "/say Shutting down (halt) in 15 seconds." screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff $'\015' sleep 15 screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff "/stop" screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff $'\015' else echo "Server is not running; nothing to stop." fi; } stopServerNow (){ if screen -list | grep "$SCREENNAME" > /dev/null then echo "Server is running. Giving a 5-second warning." screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff "/say EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN! 5 seconds to halt." screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff $'\015' sleep 5 screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff "/stop" screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff $'\015' else echo "Server is not running; nothing to stop." fi; } restartServer (){ if screen -list | grep "$SCREENNAME" > /dev/null then echo "Server is running. Giving a 1-minute warning." screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff "/say Shutting down (restart) in one minute." screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff $'\015' sleep 45 screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff "/say Shutting down (restart) in 15 seconds." screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff $'\015' sleep 15 screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff "/stop" screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff $'\015' sleep 2 startServer else echo "Cannot restart server: it isn't running." fi; } #In order for this function to work, a directory 'backup/$FOLDERNAME' must exist in the same #directory that '$FOLDERNAME' resides backupWorld (){ if screen -list | grep "$SCREENNAME" > /dev/null then echo "Server is running. Giving a 1-minute warning." screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff "/say Shutting down (backup) in one minute." screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff $'\015' screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff "/say Server should be down for no more than a few seconds." screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff $'\015' sleep 45 screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff "/say Shutting down for backup in 15 seconds." screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff $'\015' sleep 15 screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff "/stop" screen -S $SCREENNAME -X stuff $'\015' fi sleep 2 if screen -list | grep $SCREENNAME > /dev/null then echo "Server is still running? Error." else cd .. tar -czvf backup0.tar.gz $FOLDERNAME mv backup0.tar.gz backup/$FOLDERNAME cd backup/$FOLDERNAME rm backup10.tar.gz mv backup9.tar.gz backup10.tar.gz mv backup8.tar.gz backup9.tar.gz mv backup7.tar.gz backup8.tar.gz mv backup6.tar.gz backup7.tar.gz mv backup5.tar.gz backup6.tar.gz mv backup4.tar.gz backup5.tar.gz mv backup3.tar.gz backup4.tar.gz mv backup2.tar.gz backup3.tar.gz mv backup1.tar.gz backup2.tar.gz mv backup0.tar.gz backup1.tar.gz cd ../../$FOLDERNAME screen -dmS $SCREENNAME java -Xmx1024M -Xms1024M -jar minecraft_server.jar; sleep 2 if screen -list | grep "$SCREENNAME" > /dev/null then echo "Minecraft server restarted; happy mining!" else echo "ERROR: Minecraft server failed to start!" fi fi; } printCommands (){ echo echo "$0 usage:" echo echo "Start : Starts the server on a detached screen." echo "Stop : Stop the server; includes a 1-minute warning." echo "StopNOW : Stops the server with only a 5-second warning." echo "Restart : Stops the server and starts the server again." echo "Backup : Stops the server (1 min), backs up the world, and restarts." echo "Help : Display this message." } #Forces case-insensitive string comparisons shopt -s nocasematch #Primary 'Switch' if [[ $1 = "start" ]] then startServer elif [[ $1 = "stop" ]] then stopServer elif [[ $1 = "stopnow" ]] then stopServerNow elif [[ $1 = "backup" ]] then backupWorld elif [[ $1 = "restart" ]] then restartServer else printCommands fi

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