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• Restricting memory area for linux kernel

  - by user1066789

  I am running ltib linux on P1022RDK (P1022 Core) platform. I have 512 MB = 0x20000000 memory. I want my linux kernel to use second half of the board memory (i.e from 256 MB to 512 MB) and want first half of memory to be reserved for some other purpose. For this I am building linux kernel using ltib. For that purpose I am setting following kernel configuration. Please suggest if I am doing it the right way. CONFIG_LOWMEM_SIZE = 0x10000000 # 256 MB CONFIG_PHYSICAL_START = 0x10000000 # Starting from 256MB (second half of memory) On the Uboot I am loading the kernel as following way setenv loadaddr 0x11000000 # Kernel base = 0x10000000 + 0x01000000 (offset) setenv fdtaddr 0x10c00000 # Kernel base = 0x10000000 + 0x00c00000 (offset) bootm $loadaddr - $fdtaddr My kernel Load address is 0x10000000 & kernel entry point is 0x10000000 Doing above configuration / steps my kernel stuck at following on Uboot ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 11000000 ... Image Name: Linux-2.6.32.13 Image Type: PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed) Data Size: 3352851 Bytes = 3.2 MB Load Address: 10000000 Entry Point: 10000000 Verifying Checksum ... OK ## Flattened Device Tree blob at 10c00000 Booting using the fdt blob at 0x10c00000 Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK ================ It should uncompress FDT here & continue ============== Any thoughts ?

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• __getattr__ on a module

  - by Matt Joiner

  How can implement the equivalent of a __getattr__ on a class, on a module? Example When calling a function that does not exist in a module's statically defined attributes, I wish to create an instance of a class in that module, and invoke the method on it with the same name as failed in the attribute lookup on the module. class A(object): def salutation(self, accusative): print "hello", accusative def __getattr__(mod, name): return getattr(A(), name) if __name__ == "__main__": salutation("world") Which gives: matt@stanley:~/Desktop$ python getattrmod.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "getattrmod.py", line 9, in <module> salutation("world") NameError: name 'salutation' is not defined Evidently something is not right about my assumed implementation.

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• When to use a module, and when to use a class

  - by Matt Briggs

  I am currently working through the Gregory Brown Ruby Best Practices book. Early on, he is talking about refactoring some functionality from helper methods on a related class, to some methods on module, then had the module extend self. Hadn't seen that before, after a quick google, found out that extend self on a module lets methods defined on the module see each other, which makes sense. Now, my question is when would you do something like this module StyleParser extend self def process(text) ... end def style_tag?(text) ... end end and then refer to it in tests with @parser = Prawn::Document::Text::StyleParser as opposed to just using a class with some class methods on it? is it so that you can use it as a mixin? or are there other reasons I'm not seeing?

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• define global in a python module from C api

  - by wiso

  Sorry for the trivial question, but I can't find this infomation from the manual. I am developping a module for python using C api; how can I create a variabile that is seen as global from python? For example if my module is module I want to create a variable g that do this job: import module print module.g in particular g is an integer. Solution from Alex Martelli PyObject *m = Py_InitModule("mymodule", mymoduleMethods); PyObject *v = PyLong_FromLong((long) 23); PyObject_SetAttrString(m, "L", v); Py_DECREF(v);

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• How to become a Kernel/Systems/Device driver programmer?

  - by accordionfolder

  Hello all! I currently work in a professional capacity as a software engineer working with the Android OS. We work at integrating our platform as a native daemon among other facets of the project. I primarily work in Java developing the SDK and Android applications, but get to help with the platform in C/C++. Anywho, I have a great interest to work professionally developing low level for linux. I am not unhappy in my current position and will hang around as long as the company lets me (as a matter of fact I quite enjoy working there!), but I would like to work my way that direction. I've been working through Linux Kernel Development (Robert Love) and The Linux Programming Interface (Michael Kerrisk) (In addition to strengthening my C skills at every chance I get) and casually browsing Monster and similar sites. The problem I see is, there are no entry level positions. How does one break into this field? Anytime I see "Linux Systems Programmer" or "Linux Device Driver Programmer" they all require at the minimum 5-7 years of relevant experience. They want someone who knows the ropes, not a junior level programmer (I've been working for 7 months now...). So, I'm assuming, that some of you on stackoverflow work in a professional capacity doing just what I would like to do. How did you get there? What platforms did you use to work your way there? Am I going to have a more difficult time because I have my bachelors in CSC as opposed to a computer engineer (where they would experience a bit more embedded, asm, etc)?

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• How can I install Ubuntu's 10.10 kernel I Ubuntu 12.10?

  - by user103533

  I did use Ubuntu 10.10 for a long time, and now I replaced it with Ubuntu 12.10, every thing works great, but I do have one little problem, which is with my wireless card. On Ubuntu 10.10, it worked PERFECTLY, and it even worked better than in windows 7, so I was very happy with Ubuntu 10.10, but, like I said, after installing 12.10, my wireless card doesn't work any more, so I heard that KERNELS are the reason for that. Are kernels the reason for my wireless not working now? If yes then please teach me how to remove my current kernels and install 10.10 kernels. I went to -Additional Drivers- and i found something very weird i took picture and this is what it look like "apply changes" Button NOT active so i can't install driver :( anyway... my Wireless card is WL-138g v2 (remember on Ubuntu 10.10 it was WORKING 100% normally and FREE i did NOT pay for it driver) so... now what shall i do ? it is saying in picture // Using Non-Free firmware for linux kernel drivers from linux-firmware-nonfree (proprietary) // BTW i did "rfkill list" but NO-thing appear under that command.

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• How do I enable PHP apache_request_headers() or change PHP into an apache module

  - by inac

  PHP, WHM, and several other services are already installed on a CentOS x64 server I am trying to migrate data to. Many of my existing PHP scripts are dependent on PHP's apache_request_headers() function, which the current server's PHP configuration does not support. Apparently, compiling PHP as an Apache module is one solution, but are there other ways to enable this (without uninstalling PHP, reinstalling, etc., and all dependent services), perhaps as easy as modifying php.ini, somehow?

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• How do I enable PHP apache_request_headers() or change PHP into an apache module

  - by inac

  PHP, WHM, and several other services are already installed on a CentOS x64 server I am trying to migrate data to. Many of my existing PHP scripts are dependent on PHP's apache_request_headers() function, which the current server's PHP configuration does not support. Apparently, compiling PHP as an Apache module is one solution, but are there other ways to enable this (without uninstalling PHP, reinstalling, etc., and all dependent services), perhaps as easy as modifying php.ini, somehow?

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• dpkg reporting as installed, uninstalled kernels

  - by Tony Martin

  I have run the following command to remove old kernels: dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d' | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge and only the current kernel is now installed, which I have confirmed in synaptic and by checking my boot partition. However, when I run: dpkg --list | grep linux-image I get the following response: rc linux-image-3.13.0-30-generic 3.13.0-30.55 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic 3.13.0-32.57 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic 3.13.0-34.60 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-30-generic 3.13.0-30.55 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-32-generic 3.13.0-32.57 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-extra-3.13.0-34-generic 3.13.0-34.60 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-generic 3.13.0.34.40 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image Probably not a problem, but just wondering why versions -30 and -32 are reported as present. Can it be rectified? TIA

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• Should I update the kernel on a Linux machine?

  - by Legate

  As I understand it, updating to a new kernel (with the normal linux-image... package, not by rolling my own) requires a server restart. However, one of our servers (Ubuntu 10.04) is running several extensive screen sessions. Restarting kills those which is always a major hassle to their owners (mostly because of lost session histories). What should I do? I see several possibilites: Not doing anything, that is update only non-kernel packages (perhaps use apt-pinning?) Update the kernel, but not restart. (Is that smart? I seem to remember there might be some problems with loading kernel modules.) Updating the kernel and restarting. Is there perhaps some way to preserve the screen sessions? I guess it ultimately boils down to this question: How important is it to update the kernel? I posted this question here instead of askubuntu.com as I think this is not an Ubuntu-specific issue though this server is running Ubuntu.

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• How to keep asm output from Linux kernel module build

  - by fastmonkeywheels

  I'm working on a Linux kernel module for a 2.6.x kernel and I need to view the assembly output, though it's currently being done as a temporary file an deleted afterwords. I'd like to have the assembly output mixed with my C source file so I can easily trace where my problem lies. This is for an ARMv6 core and apparently objdump doesn't support this architecture. I've included my makefile below. ETREP=/xxSourceTreexx/ GNU_BIN=$(ETREP)/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin CROSS_COMPILE := $(GNU_BIN)/arm-none-linux-gnueabi- ARCH := arm KDIR=$(ETREP)/linux-2.6.31/ MAKE= CROSS_COMPILE=$(CROSS_COMPILE) ARCH=$(ARCH) make obj-m += xxfile1xx.o all: $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules clean: $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) clean

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• Custom types in OpenCL kernel

  - by Studer

  Is it possible to use custom types in OpenCL kernel like gmp types (mpz_t, mpq_t, …) ? To have something like that (this kernel doesn't build just because of #include <gmp.h>) : #include <gmp.h> __kernel square( __global mpz_t* input, __global mpz_t number, __global int* output, const unsigned int count) { int i = get_global_id(0); if(i < count) output[i] = mpz_divisible_p(number,input[i]); } Or maybe does OpenCL already have types that can handle large numbers ?

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• Microsecond (or one ms) time resolution on an embedded device (Linux Kernel)

  - by ChrisDiRulli

  Hey guys, I have a kernel module I've built that requires at least 1 ms time resolution. I currently use do_gettimeofday() but I'm concerned that this won't work once I move my module to an embedded device. The device has a 180 Mz processor (MIPS) and the default HZ value in the kernel is 100. Thus using jiffies will only give me at best 10 ms resolution. That won't cut it. What I'd like to know is if do_gettimeofday() is based on the timer interrupt (HZ). Can it be guaranteed to provide at least 1 ms of resolution? Thanks!

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• Kernel panic when altering system_call in entry.S

  - by EpsilonVector

  I'm trying to implement a system call counter, and as a result I included an int value in task_struct, and a function that increments it in a separate file. This function is supposed to be called from system_call right before it actually calls the required sys_call (I have my reasons to call it before and not after). However, if I place it before the sys_call then after compiling and booting there's a kernel panic ("tried to kill init_idle"), and if I place it right after the sys_call, it works. What's the difference and how do I overcome this? Here's the relevant code ENTRY(system_call) pushl %eax # save orig_eax SAVE_ALL GET_CURRENT(%ebx) testb $0x02,tsk_ptrace(%ebx) # PT_TRACESYS jne tracesys cmpl $(NR_syscalls),%eax jae badsys call update_counter /*This causes a kernel panic*/ call *SYMBOL_NAME(sys_call_table)(,%eax,4) movl %eax,EAX(%esp) # save the return value

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• Need help in understanding the mapping of user-space send, sendto, sendmsg to kernel-space sendmsg

  - by bala1486

  Hello, I am trying to implement my own transport layer protocol in Linux for an experiment. I am going to use socket interface and add my protocol using sock_register. For the proto_ops i can see that the parameters for the sendmsg and recvmsg are (struct kiocb *iocb, struct socket *sock, struct msghdr *msg, size_t len, int flags). But there are three types of user api's send, sendto, sendmsg. Of these three only sendmsg contains a parameter for msghdr. I find that the other two api's are incompatible with the parameters supplied by the kernel to my kernel-space sendmsg function. So what happens when we use send and sendto user-space api's? Hope i am clear.. Thanks, Bala

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• Android and Kernel-Modules...

  - by Nils Pipenbrinck

  So - Android is build on top of a stripped down linux system. Most of the convenient utilities are missing but all the basics are there. I can call insmod and rmmod. No problem. But where do kernel-modules and firmware files reside? I can't find any. there is no /lib/modules in the standard distribution. Problem: I need modules. For sure don't want to compile support for each and every usb-device in the world into the linux-kernel. Where should I put them?

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• Kernel thread exit in linux

  - by Raffo

  Hi guys, I'm here to ask you the difference between a process and a thread in linux. I know that a thread for linux is just a "task", which shares with the father process things that they need to have in common (the address space and other important informations). I also know that the two are creating calling the same function ('clone()'), but there's still something that I'm missing: what really happens when a thread exit? What function is called inside the linux kernel? I know that when a process exits calls the do_exit function, but here or somewhere else there should be a way to understand if it is just a thread exiting or a whole process. Can you explain me this thing or redirect to some textbook?? I tried 'Understanding the linux kernel' but I was not satisfied with it. I'm asking this thing because a need to add things to the task_struct struct, but I need to discriminate how to manage those informations for a process and its children. Thank you.

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• How to interpret kernel panics?

  - by Owen

  Hi all, I'm new to linux kernel and could barely understand how to debug kernel panics. I have this error below and I don't know where in the C code should I start checking. I was thinking maybe I could echo what functions are being called so I could check where in the code is this null pointer dereferenced. What print function should I use ? How do you interpret the error message below? Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000d pgd = c7bdc000 [0000000d] *pgd=4785f031, *pte=00000000, *ppte=00000000 Internal error: Oops: 17 [#1] PREEMPT Modules linked in: bcm5892_secdom_fw(P) bcm5892_lcd snd_bcm5892 msr bcm5892_sci bcm589x_ohci_p12 bcm5892_skeypad hx_decoder(P) pinnacle hx_memalloc(P) bcm_udc_dwc scsi_mod g_serial sd_mod usb_storage CPU: 0 Tainted: P (2.6.27.39-WR3.0.2ax_standard #1) PC is at __kmalloc+0x70/0xdc LR is at __kmalloc+0x48/0xdc pc : [c0098cc8] lr : [c0098ca0] psr: 20000093 sp : c7a9fd50 ip : c03a4378 fp : c7a9fd7c r10: bf0708b4 r9 : c7a9e000 r8 : 00000040 r7 : bf06d03c r6 : 00000020 r5 : a0000093 r4 : 0000000d r3 : 00000000 r2 : 00000094 r1 : 00000020 r0 : c03a4378 Flags: nzCv IRQs off FIQs on Mode SVC_32 ISA ARM Segment user Control: 00c5387d Table: 47bdc008 DAC: 00000015 Process sh (pid: 1088, stack limit = 0xc7a9e260) Stack: (0xc7a9fd50 to 0xc7aa0000) fd40: c7a6a1d0 00000020 c7a9fd7c c7ba8fc0 fd60: 00000040 c7a6a1d0 00000020 c71598c0 c7a9fd9c c7a9fd80 bf06d03c c0098c64 fd80: c71598c0 00000003 c7a6a1d0 bf06c83c c7a9fdbc c7a9fda0 bf06d098 bf06d008 fda0: c7159880 00000000 c7a6a2d8 c7159898 c7a9fde4 c7a9fdc0 bf06d130 bf06d078 fdc0: c79ca000 c7159880 00000000 00000000 c7afbc00 c7a9e000 c7a9fe0c c7a9fde8 fde0: bf06d4b4 bf06d0f0 00000000 c79fd280 00000000 0f700000 c7a9e000 00000241 fe00: c7a9fe3c c7a9fe10 c01c37b4 bf06d300 00000000 c7afbc00 00000000 00000000 fe20: c79cba84 c7463c78 c79fd280 c7473b00 c7a9fe6c c7a9fe40 c00a184c c01c35e4 fe40: 00000000 c7bb0005 c7a9fe64 c79fd280 c7463c78 00000000 c00a1640 c785e380 fe60: c7a9fe94 c7a9fe70 c009c438 c00a164c c79fd280 c7a9fed8 c7a9fed8 00000003 fe80: 00000242 00000000 c7a9feb4 c7a9fe98 c009c614 c009c2a4 00000000 c7a9fed8 fea0: c7a9fed8 00000000 c7a9ff64 c7a9feb8 c00aa6bc c009c5e8 00000242 000001b6 fec0: 000001b6 00000241 00000022 00000000 00000000 c7a9fee0 c785e380 c7473b00 fee0: d8666b0d 00000006 c7bb0005 00000300 00000000 00000000 00000001 40002000 ff00: c7a9ff70 c79b10a0 c79b10a0 00005402 00000003 c78d69c0 ffffff9c 00000242 ff20: 000001b6 c79fd280 c7a9ff64 c7a9ff38 c785e380 c7473b00 00000000 00000241 ff40: 000001b6 ffffff9c 00000003 c7bb0000 c7a9e000 00000000 c7a9ff94 c7a9ff68 ff60: c009c128 c00aa380 4d18b5f0 08000000 00000000 00071214 0007128c 00071214 ff80: 00000005 c0027ee4 c7a9ffa4 c7a9ff98 c009c274 c009c0d8 00000000 c7a9ffa8 ffa0: c0027d40 c009c25c 00071214 0007128c 0007128c 00000241 000001b6 00000000 ffc0: 00071214 0007128c 00071214 00000005 00073580 00000003 000713e0 400010d0 ffe0: 00000001 bef0c7b8 000269cc 4d214fec 60000010 0007128c 00000000 00000000 Backtrace: [] (__kmalloc+0x0/0xdc) from [] (gs_alloc_req+0x40/0x70 [g_serial]) r8:c71598c0 r7:00000020 r6:c7a6a1d0 r5:00000040 r4:c7ba8fc0 [] (gs_alloc_req+0x0/0x70 [g_serial]) from [] (gs_alloc_requests+0x2c/0x78 [g_serial]) r7:bf06c83c r6:c7a6a1d0 r5:00000003 r4:c71598c0 [] (gs_alloc_requests+0x0/0x78 [g_serial]) from [] (gs_start_io+0x4c/0xac [g_serial]) r7:c7159898 r6:c7a6a2d8 r5:00000000 r4:c7159880 [] (gs_start_io+0x0/0xac [g_serial]) from [] (gs_open+0x1c0/0x224 [g_serial]) r9:c7a9e000 r8:c7afbc00 r7:00000000 r6:00000000 r5:c7159880 r4:c79ca000 [] (gs_open+0x0/0x224 [g_serial]) from [] (tty_open+0x1dc/0x314) [] (tty_open+0x0/0x314) from [] (chrdev_open+0x20c/0x22c) [] (chrdev_open+0x0/0x22c) from [] (__dentry_open+0x1a0/0x2b8) r8:c785e380 r7:c00a1640 r6:00000000 r5:c7463c78 r4:c79fd280 [] (__dentry_open+0x0/0x2b8) from [] (nameidata_to_filp+0x38/0x50) [] (nameidata_to_filp+0x0/0x50) from [] (do_filp_open+0x348/0x6f4) r4:00000000 [] (do_filp_open+0x0/0x6f4) from [] (do_sys_open+0x5c/0x170) [] (do_sys_open+0x0/0x170) from [] (sys_open+0x24/0x28) r8:c0027ee4 r7:00000005 r6:00071214 r5:0007128c r4:00071214 [] (sys_open+0x0/0x28) from [] (ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x2c) Code: e59c4080 e59c8090 e3540000 159c308c (17943103) ---[ end trace be196e7cee3cb1c9 ]--- note: sh[1088] exited with preempt_count 2 process '-/bin/sh' (pid 1088) exited. Scheduling for restart. Welcome to Wind River Linux

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• Kernel dealing with the section headers in an ELF

  - by uki

  I recently read that the kernel and the dynamic loader mostly deal with the program header tables in an ELF file and that assemblers, compilers and linkers deal with the section header tables. The number of program header tables and section header tables are mentioned in the ELF header in fields named e_phnum and e_shnum respectively. e_phnum is two bytes in size, so if the number of program headers is 65535, we use a scheme known as extended numbering where, e_phnum is set to 0xffff and sh_link field of the zeroth section header table holds the actual count. My doubt is : If the count of program headers exceeds 65535, does that mean the kernel and/or the dynamic loader end up having to read the section table?

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• Recursively disabling CONFIG dependencies on linux kernel builds

  - by Corey Henderson

  When configuring a Linux kernel, I normally start with my distribution's kernel config file. I often want to turn off some entries, but they are sometimes unchangeable because other CONFIG options that depend on it are enabled. I can look up the dependencies manually, which often have dependencies of their own. It can be pretty time consuming to did through them all, especially if you're trying to turn off something like CONFIG_KALLSYMS. Is there a way to specify a CONFIG option you want gone, and have all dependencies automatically selected/disselected as nessisary for you? I looked through all the make options and in the scripts directory, and didn't see anything available for this.

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• How do I determine if my controller is in IDE or AHCI mode in Linux?

  - by philcolbourn

  I have an old MacBook Pro 4,1 (early 2008) - but I suspect an answer would apply to many MacBook Pros. It has an Intel IDE/SATA controller (ICH8M/ICH8M-E). I have installed a patched MBR that is supposed to put my controller into AHCI mode. It does this by setting some controller port value that I don't understand. This seems to work as I get this from lspci: 00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801HM/HEM (ICH8M/ICH8M-E) IDE Controller (rev 03) 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801HM/HEM (ICH8M/ICH8M-E) SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 03) Now most, perhaps all, sites that provide a solution (enabling AHCI) suggest that after a sleep/wake cycle that a controller will revert to IDE mode due to how Apple support Windows. They recommend disabling sleep. From author of patchedcode.bin I think Enabling AHCI for Windows on MacBooks NB: I do not have bootcamp installed and I do not have Windows installed. Is there a way to prove that my controller is in IDE or AHCI mode? Background Data Using patchedcode.bin MBR I get this in syslog: Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.860955] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: version 3.0 Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.861052] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: irq 45 for MSI/MSI-X Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.861117] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: AHCI 0001.0100 32 slots 3 ports 1.5 Gbps 0x1 impl SATA mode Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.861120] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: flags: 64bit ncq sntf pm led clo pio slum part ccc ems Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.861130] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: setting latency timer to 64 Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.880880] ACPI: Video Device [GFX0] (multi-head: yes rom: no post: no) Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.880983] scsi2 : ahci Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.884552] scsi3 : ahci Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.886932] scsi4 : ahci Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.886998] ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xdb504000 port 0xdb504100 irq 45 Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.887000] ata4: DUMMY Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.887002] ata5: DUMMY Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 2.204103] ata3: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 300) Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 2.204656] ata3.00: ATA-8: FUJITSU MHY2200BH, 0081000D, max UDMA/100 Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 2.204662] ata3.00: 390721968 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32), AA Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 2.205324] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/100 Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 2.205554] scsi 2:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA FUJITSU MHY2200B 0081 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 Using my original MBR I get this from syslog: Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.622861] ata_piix 0000:00:1f.1: version 2.13 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.622869] ata_piix 0000:00:1f.1: power state changed by ACPI to D0 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.622924] ata_piix 0000:00:1f.1: setting latency timer to 64 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.623339] scsi0 : ata_piix Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.623730] scsi1 : ata_piix Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.623765] ata1: PATA max UDMA/100 cmd 0x8108 ctl 0x811c bmdma 0x80e0 irq 21 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.623767] ata2: PATA max UDMA/100 cmd 0x8100 ctl 0x8118 bmdma 0x80e8 irq 21 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.623810] ata_piix 0000:00:1f.2: MAP [ Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.623811] P0 -- -- -- ] Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.623866] ata_piix 0000:00:1f.2: setting latency timer to 64 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.624241] scsi2 : ata_piix Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.624558] scsi3 : ata_piix Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.624862] ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x80f8 ctl 0x8114 bmdma 0x8020 irq 18 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.624865] ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x80f0 ctl 0x8110 bmdma 0x8028 irq 18 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 1.208879] ata3.00: ATA-8: FUJITSU MHY2200BH, 0081000D, max UDMA/100 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 1.208882] ata3.00: 390721968 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 0/32) Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 1.208961] ata1.01: ATAPI: MATSHITA DVD+/-RW UJ-867S, 1.00, max UDMA/33 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 1.216186] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/100 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 1.224396] ata1.01: configured for UDMA/33

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• Which Linux distributions enable AT_RANDOM canary initialisation by default?

  - by knorv

  Which Linux distributions enable AT_RANDOM canary initialisation by default, and since which version? You can test if you have AT_RANDOM canary initialisation enabled by running: LD_SHOW_AUXV=1 /bin/true | grep AT_RANDOM

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• reinstall PHP as apache module

  - by Ewan

  Hi sorry for the newbie question, I am not a sys admin by any means. I recently set up a VPS with webmin/virtualmin. Our CMS of choice says that PHP needs to be run as an Apache module in order to run. It says: Recompile PHP with the flag --with-apxs I've googled but can't find how to do this particularly. I think I installed PHP using "yum install php" or thru webmin, but can't remember exactly. Appreciate if anyone can point me in the right direction.

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• mmap only needed pages of kernel buffer to user space

  - by axeoth

  See also this answer: http://stackoverflow.com/a/10770582/1284631 I need something similar, but without having to allocate a buffer: the buffer is large, in theory, but the user space program only needs to access some parts of it (it mocks some registers of a hardware). As I cannot allocate with vmalloc_user() such a large buffer (kernel 32 bit, in embedded environment, no swap...), I followed the same approach as in the quoted answer, trying to allocate only those pages that are really requested by the user space. So: I use a my_mmap() function for the device file (actually, is the .mmap field of a struct uio_info) to set up the fields of the vma, then, in the vm_area_struct's .fault field (also named my_fault()), I should return a page. except that: In the my_fault() method of vm_area_struct, I cannot obtain a page through: vmf->page=vmalloc_to_page(my_buf + (vmf->pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT)); since there is no allocated buffer: my_buf = vmalloc_user(MY_BUF_SIZE); fails with "allocation failed: out of vmalloc space - use vmalloc= to increase size." (and there is no room or swap to increase that vmalloc= parameter). So, I would need to get a page from the kernel and fill the vmf->page field. How to allocate a page (I assume that the offset of the page is known, as it is vm->pgoff). What base memory should I use instead of my_buf? PS: I also did set up the vma->flags |= VM_NORESERVE; (in the my_mmap()), but not sure if it helps. Is there any vmalloc_user_unreserved()-like function? (let's say, lazy allocation) Also, writing 1 to /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory and large values (eg 500) to /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_ratio before trying to my_buf=vmalloc_user(<large_size>) didn't work.

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• How to import a module from PyPI when I have another module with the same name

  - by kuzzooroo

  I'm trying to use the lockfile module from PyPI. I do my development within Spyder. After installing the module from PyPI, I can't import it by doing import lockfile. I end up importing anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/spyderlib/utils/external/lockfile.py instead. Spyder seems to want to have the spyderlib/utils/external directory at the beginning of sys.path, or at least none of the polite ways I can find to add my other paths get me in front of spyderlib/utils/external. I'm using python2.7 but with from __future__ import absolute_import. Here's what I've already tried: Writing code that modifies sys.path before running import lockfile. This works, but it can't be the correct way of doing things. Circumventing the normal mechanics of importing in Python using the imp module (I haven't gotten this to work yet, but I'm guessing it could be made to work) Installing the package with something like pip install --install-option="--prefix=modules_with_name_collisions" package_name. I haven't gotten this to work yet either, but I'm guess it could be made to work. It looks like this option is intended to create an entirely separate lib tree, which is more than I need. Source Using pip install --target=lockfile_from_pip. The files show up in the directory where I tell them to go, but import doesn't find them. And in fact pip uninstall can't find them either. I get Cannot uninstall requirement lockfile-from-pip, not installed and I guess I will just delete the directories and hope that's clean. Source So what's the preferred way for me to get access to the PyPI lockfile module?

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