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• how to find out what is causing huge dentry_cache usage?

  - by Piavlo

  Note that inode_cache & ext3_inode_cache slabs are very small compared to dentry_cache. What happens is that slowly and steadily the within a week dentry_cache grows from 1M to ~5-6G Then I need to run echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches && echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches This started to happening one day on all servers hosting some web code - the developers are saying that they have not changed anything related to filesystem access pattern around the time then the problem started. The system is centos5 with 2.6.18 kernel so I don't have any instrumentation features available th newer kernels. Any I idea how I can debug the problem? maybe with systemtap? This is a ec2 instance - so not even sure that systemtap will work there. Thanks Alex

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• raid md device is not remove from memory, how to overcome this problem

  - by santhosha

  i create raid 10 , i removed two arrays form md11 one by one , after that i going to editing the contents those are mounted ( it will be not responding stage), after i try for remove arrays those are left it is shows device or resource busy ( is not removed from memory). i try to terminate process this is also not work, i absorve from 4 days resync will be 8.0% it can not modifying. cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear] [raid10] md11 : active raid10 sde1[3] sdj14 286743936 blocks 64K chunks 2 near-copies [4/1] [___U] [1:2:3:0] [=...................] resync = 8.0% (23210368/286743936) finish=289392.6min speed=15K/sec mdadm -D /dev/md11 /dev/md11: Version : 00.90.03 Creation Time : Sun Jan 16 16:20:01 2011 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 286743936 (273.46 GiB 293.63 GB) Device Size : 143371968 (136.73 GiB 146.81 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 11 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sun Jan 16 16:56:07 2011 State : active, degraded, resyncing Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2, far=1 Chunk Size : 64K Rebuild Status : 8% complete UUID : 5e124ea4:79a01181:dc4110d3:a48576ea Events : 0.23 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 0 0 1 removed 4 8 145 2 faulty spare rebuilding /dev/sdj1 3 8 65 3 active sync /dev/sde1 umount /dev/md11 umount: /dev/md11: not mounted mdadm -S /dev/md11 mdadm: fail to stop array /dev/md11: Device or resource busy lsof /dev/md11 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE NODE NAME mount 2128 root 3r BLK 9,11 4058 /dev/md11 mount 5018 root 3r BLK 9,11 4058 /dev/md11 mdadm 27605 root 3r BLK 9,11 4058 /dev/md11 mount 30562 root 3r BLK 9,11 4058 /dev/md11 badblocks 30591 root 3r BLK 9,11 4058 /dev/md11 kill -9 2128 kill -9 5018 kill -9 27605 kill -9 30562 kill -3 30591 mdadm -S /dev/md11 mdadm: fail to stop array /dev/md11: Device or resource busy lsof /dev/md11 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE NODE NAME mount 2128 root 3r BLK 9,11 4058 /dev/md11 mount 5018 root 3r BLK 9,11 4058 /dev/md11 mdadm 27605 root 3r BLK 9,11 4058 /dev/md11 mount 30562 root 3r BLK 9,11 4058 /dev/md11 badblocks 30591 root 3r BLK 9,11 4058 /dev/md11 cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear] [raid10] md11 : active raid10 sde1[3] sdj14 286743936 blocks 64K chunks 2 near-copies [4/1] [___U] [1:2:3:0] [=...................] resync = 8.0% (23210368/286743936) finish=289392.6min speed=15K/sec

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• Convertion of tiff image in Python script - OCR using tesseract

  - by PYTHON TEAM

  I want to convert a tiff image file to text document. My code perfectly as I expected to convert tiff images with usual font but its not working for french script font . My tiff image file contains text. The font of text is in french script format.I here is my code import Image import subprocess import util import errors tesseract_exe_name = 'tesseract' # Name of executable to be called at command line scratch_image_name = "temp.bmp" # This file must be .bmp or other Tesseract-compatible format scratch_text_name_root = "temp" # Leave out the .txt extension cleanup_scratch_flag = True # Temporary files cleaned up after OCR operation def call_tesseract(input_filename, output_filename): """Calls external tesseract.exe on input file (restrictions on types), outputting output_filename+'txt'""" args = [tesseract_exe_name, input_filename, output_filename] proc = subprocess.Popen(args) retcode = proc.wait() if retcode!=0: errors.check_for_errors() def image_to_string(im, cleanup = cleanup_scratch_flag): """Converts im to file, applies tesseract, and fetches resulting text. If cleanup=True, delete scratch files after operation.""" try: util.image_to_scratch(im, scratch_image_name) call_tesseract(scratch_image_name, scratch_text_name_root) text = util.retrieve_text(scratch_text_name_root) finally: if cleanup: util.perform_cleanup(scratch_image_name, scratch_text_name_root) return text def image_file_to_string(filename, cleanup = cleanup_scratch_flag, graceful_errors=True): If cleanup=True, delete scratch files after operation.""" try: try: call_tesseract(filename, scratch_text_name_root) text = util.retrieve_text(scratch_text_name_root) except errors.Tesser_General_Exception: if graceful_errors: im = Image.open(filename) text = image_to_string(im, cleanup) else: raise finally: if cleanup: util.perform_cleanup(scratch_image_name, scratch_text_name_root) return text if __name__=='__main__': im = Image.open("/home/oomsys/phototest.tif") text = image_to_string(im) print text try: text = image_file_to_string('fnord.tif', graceful_errors=False) except errors.Tesser_General_Exception, value: print "fnord.tif is incompatible filetype. Try graceful_errors=True" print value text = image_file_to_string('fnord.tif', graceful_errors=True) print "fnord.tif contents:", text text = image_file_to_string('fonts_test.png', graceful_errors=True) print text

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• Convert your Hash keys to object properties in Ruby

  - by kerry

  Being a Ruby noob (and having a background in Groovy), I was a little surprised that you can not access hash objects using the dot notation.  I am writing an application that relies heavily on XML and JSON data.  This data will need to be displayed and I would rather use book.author.first_name over book[‘author’][‘first_name’].  A quick search on google yielded this post on the subject. So, taking the DRYOO (Don’t Repeat Yourself Or Others) concept.  I came up with this: 1: class ::Hash 2:  3: # add keys to hash 4: def to_obj 5: self.each do |k,v| 6: if v.kind_of? Hash 7: v.to_obj 8: end 9: k=k.gsub(/\.|\s|-|\/|\'/, '_').downcase.to_sym 10: self.instance_variable_set("@#{k}", v) ## create and initialize an instance variable for this key/value pair 11: self.class.send(:define_method, k, proc{self.instance_variable_get("@#{k}")}) ## create the getter that returns the instance variable 12: self.class.send(:define_method, "#{k}=", proc{|v| self.instance_variable_set("@#{k}", v)}) ## create the setter that sets the instance variable 13: end 14: return self 15: end 16: end This works pretty well.  It converts each of your keys to properties of the Hash.  However, it doesn’t sit very well with me because I probably will not use 90% of the properties most of the time.  Why should I go through the performance overhead of creating instance variables for all of the unused ones? Enter the ‘magic method’ #missing_method: 1: class ::Hash 2: def method_missing(name) 3: return self[name] if key? name 4: self.each { |k,v| return v if k.to_s.to_sym == name } 5: super.method_missing name 6: end 7: end This is a much cleaner method for my purposes.  Quite simply, it checks to see if there is a key with the given symbol, and if not, loop through the keys and attempt to find one. I am a Ruby noob, so if there is something I am overlooking, please let me know.

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• Unable to enter ubuntu after reboot PC; showing black screen with lots of weire words

  - by Phoenix Wei

  I use Wubi to install Ubuntu 12.04 on my Windows 7 system. My PC is Acer Aspire S5-391 with a 64-bit operating system. After I finish installing Wubi on Windows I reboot my PC as told by the instruction. Then I got a black screen with the following words shown: [[BGave up waiting for root device. Common Problems: -Boot args (cat/proc/cmdline) -Check rootdelay=(did the system wait long enough?) -check root=(did the system wait for the right device?) -Missing modules(cat/proc/modules; ls/dev) ALERT! /dev/disk/by-uuid/928E20128E1FEE0B does not exist. Dropping to a shell! BusyBox v1.18.5(ubuntu 1:1.18.5-1ubuntu4)built-in shell (ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands. (intramfs) _ I don't know how to deal with this but force my PC to shut down. I can still successfully enter Windows. But everytime I try to enter unbuntu, it shows the above words.......

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• Remote reboot over ssh does not restart

  - by Finn Årup Nielsen

  I would like to remotely reboot my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS server via ssh. I do sudo reboot and I loose connection and the server connection does not reappear. It does not ping. When I go the the physical computer with a screen attached I see a black screen and hear that the server is still on. I do a hard power off (press power on button for a few seconds) and the server halts. After I press power on the server boots with no problem. As far as I remember the remote reboot has previously worked on that server. I wonder if sudo reboot & will help? I suppose I could also try sudo shutdown -r and see if that does any difference. I have listed an excerpt of /etc/log/syslog below. The last thing it records is the stopping of the logging. Oct 24 10:14:49 servername kernel: [1354427.594709] init: cron main process (1060) killed by TERM signal Oct 24 10:14:49 servername kernel: [1354427.594908] init: irqbalance main process (1080) killed by TERM signal Oct 24 10:14:49 servername kernel: [1354427.595299] init: tty1 main process (1424) killed by TERM signal Oct 24 10:14:49 servername kernel: [1354427.637747] init: plymouth-upstart-bridge main process (20873) terminated with status 1 Oct 24 10:14:49 servername kernel: Kernel logging (proc) stopped. Oct 24 10:14:49 servername rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.6" x-pid="876" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] exiting on signal 15. Oct 24 10:25:34 servername kernel: imklog 5.8.6, log source = /proc/kmsg started. Oct 24 10:25:34 servername rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.6" x-pid="862" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start

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• Audio not working

  - by user3215

  Anybody could help me in troubleshooting audio problem on ubutnu 9.04 desktop edition?. For some reason I've to keep this os not upgraded and I'm trying to fix the audio problem on this for months. It works well on upgraded version(9.10,10.04) but not on jaunty. aplay -l: **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 0: ALC883 Analog [ALC883 Analog] Subdevices: 0/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 1: ALC883 Digital [ALC883 Digital] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 lsmod | grep snd: snd_hda_intel 436148 7 snd_pcm_oss 46336 0 snd_mixer_oss 22656 1 snd_pcm_oss snd_pcm 83076 4 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm_oss snd_seq_dummy 10756 0 snd_seq_oss 37760 0 snd_seq_midi 14336 0 snd_rawmidi 29696 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event 15104 2 snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi snd_seq 56880 6 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event snd_timer 29704 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 14988 5 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq snd 62756 21 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm_oss,snd_mixer_oss,snd_pcm,snd_seq_oss,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device soundcore 15200 1 snd snd_page_alloc 16904 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm cat /proc/asound/cards: 0 [Intel ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel HDA Intel at 0xe1280000 irq 16 cat /proc/asound/version: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.18rc3. vim /etc/modules: # /etc/modules: kernel modules to load at boot time. # # This file contains the names of kernel modules that should be loaded # at boot time, one per line. Lines beginning with "#" are ignored. lp Audio Settings:

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• Designing a Database Application with OOP

  - by Tim C

  I often develop SQL database applications using Linq, and my methodology is to build model classes to represent each table, and each table that needs inserting or updating gets a Save() method (which either does an InsertOnSubmit() or SubmitChanges(), depending on the state of the object). Often, when I need to represent a collection of records, I'll create a class that inherits from a List-like object of the atomic class. ex. public class CustomerCollection : CoreCollection<Customer> { } Recently, I was working on an application where end-users were experiencing slowness, where each of the objects needed to be saved to the database if they met a certain criteria. My Save() method was slow, presumably because I was making all kinds of round-trips to the server, and calling DataContext.SubmitChanges() after each atomic save. So, the code might have looked something like this foreach(Customer c in customerCollection) { if(c.ShouldSave()) { c.Save(); } } I worked through multiple strategies to optimize, but ultimately settled on passing a big string of data to a SQL stored procedure, where the string has all the data that represents the records I was working with - it might look something like this: CustomerID:34567;CurrentAddress:23 3rd St;CustomerID:23456;CurrentAddress:123 4th St So, SQL server parses the string, performs the logic to determine appropriateness of save, and then Inserts, Updates, or Ignores. With C#/Linq doing this work, it saved 5-10 records / s. When SQL does it, I get 100 records / s, so there is no denying the Stored Proc is more efficient; however, I hate the solution because it doesn't seem nearly as clean or safe. My real concern is that I don't have any better solutions that hold a candle to the performance of the stored proc solution. Am I doing something obviously wrong in how I'm thinking about designing database applications? Are there better ways of designing database applications?

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• conky stopped displaying after daul monitors setup -- works when I detect monitors

  - by synaptik

  I just recently installed Ubuntu 12.04 on a clean install. I previously was using 11.10. I am also using a new laptop with a Dell docking-station and two external monitors. When I try to use the .conkyrc file that I used previously, my conky display simply doesn't show up anywhere. However, after I went to System Settings Displays and made some slight change that caused the monitors to refresh, then conky appeared as it should. Here is my .conkyrc file: background yes use_xft yes xftfont DejaVu Sans Mono:size=8 xftalpha 0.8 out_to_console no update_interval 2.0 total_run_times 0 draw_shades no short_units yes # Create own window instead of using desktop (required in nautilus) own_window yes # If own_window is yes, you may use type normal, desktop or override own_window_type override # Use pseudo transparency with own_window? own_window_transparent yes double_buffer yes default_color f0e68c color1 white color2 AD0303 alignment bottom_left gap_x 2 gap_y 30 no_buffers yes use_spacer right pad_percents 3 xftfont Terminus:size=10 TEXT $stippled_hr cpu1: ${color1}${cpu cpu1}% ${color} cpu2: ${color1}${cpu cpu2}% ${color} load: ${color1}$loadavg ${color} hot proc: ${color1}${top cpu 1}% - ${top name 1}${color} $stippled_hr big proc: ${color1}${top_mem mem_res 1} - ${top_mem name 1}${color} memory: ${color1}$mem/$memmax $memperc%${color} $stippled_hr disk: ${color1}${fs_used /}/${fs_size /}${color} swap: ${color1}${swap}/${swapmax}${color} ${diskiograph_read 15,120 color1 0077ff 750} ${diskiograph_write 15,120 color1 0077ff 750} $stippled_hr download: ${color1}${downspeed wlan0} /s${color} ${downspeedgraph eth0 20,120 104E8B 0077ff} upload: ${color1}${upspeed wlan0} /s${color} ${upspeedgraph eth0 20,120 104E8B 0077ff} How can I fix it so that I don't have to tamper with the Displays settings in order for conky to show up?

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• Netbook performs hard shutdown without warning on low battery power

  - by Steve Kroon

  My Asus EEE netbook performs a hard shutdown when it reaches low battery power, without giving any warning - i.e. the power just goes off, without any shutdown process. I can't find anything in the syslog, and no error messages are printed before it happens. I've had this problem on previous (K)Ubuntu versions, and hoped updating to Ubuntu Precise would help resolve the issue, but it hasn't. The option in the Power application for "when power is critically low" is currently blank - the only options are a (grayed-out) hibernate and "Power off". I have re-installed indicator-power to no effect. The time remaining reported by acpi is unstable, as is the time remaining reported by gnome-power-statistics. (For example, running acpi twice in succession, I got 2h16min, and then 3h21min remaining. These sorts of jumps in the remaining time are also in the gnome-power-statistics graphs.) It might be possible to write a script to give me advance warning (as per @RanRag's comment below), but I would prefer to isolate why I don't get a critical battery notification from the system before this happens, so that I can take action as appropriate (suspend/shutdown/plug in power) when I get a notification. Some additional information on the battery: kroon@minia:~$ upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_BAT0 native-path: /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/device:00/PNP0A08:00/PNP0C0A:00/power_supply/BAT0 vendor: ASUS model: 1005P power supply: yes updated: Fri Aug 17 07:31:23 2012 (9 seconds ago) has history: yes has statistics: yes battery present: yes rechargeable: yes state: charging energy: 33.966 Wh energy-empty: 0 Wh energy-full: 34.9272 Wh energy-full-design: 47.52 Wh energy-rate: 3.7692 W voltage: 12.61 V time to full: 15.3 minutes percentage: 97.248% capacity: 73.5% technology: lithium-ion History (charge): 1345181483 97.248 charging 1345181453 97.155 charging 1345181423 97.062 charging 1345181393 96.970 charging History (rate): 1345181483 3.769 charging 1345181453 3.899 charging 1345181423 4.061 charging 1345181393 4.201 charging kroon@minia:~$ cat /proc/acpi/battery/BAT0/state present: yes capacity state: ok charging state: charging present rate: 332 mA remaining capacity: 3149 mAh present voltage: 12612 mV kroon@minia:~$ cat /proc/acpi/battery/BAT0/info present: yes design capacity: 4400 mAh last full capacity: 3209 mAh battery technology: rechargeable design voltage: 10800 mV design capacity warning: 10 mAh design capacity low: 5 mAh cycle count: 0 capacity granularity 1: 44 mAh capacity granularity 2: 44 mAh model number: 1005P serial number: battery type: LION OEM info: ASUS

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• mdadm: breaks boot due to "is not ready yet or not present" error

  - by BarsMonster

  This is so damn frustrating :-| I've spent like 20 hours on this nice error, and seems like dozens of people over Internet too, and no clear solution yet. I have non-system RAID-5 of 5 disks, and it's fine. But during boot up it says that "/dev/md0 is not ready yet or not present" and asks to press 'S'. Very nice for Ubuntu Server - I have to bring monitor and keyboard to go next. After this system boots and it's all fine. md0 device works, /proc/mdstat is fine. When I do mount -a - it mounts this array without errors and works fine. As a dumb and shameful workaround I added noauto in /etc/fstab, and did mounting in /etc/rc.local - it works fine then. Any hints how to make it work properly? fstab: UUID=3588dfed-47ae-4c32-9855-2d69df713b86 /var/bigfatdisk ext4 noauto,noatime,data=writeback,barrier=0,nobh,commit=5 0 0 mdadm config: It is autogenerated: # mdadm.conf # # Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file. # # by default, scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) for MD superblocks. # alternatively, specify devices to scan, using wildcards if desired. DEVICE partitions # auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes # automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system HOMEHOST <system> # instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts MAILADDR CENSORED # definitions of existing MD arrays ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 bitmap=/var/md0_intent UUID=efccbeb6:a0a65cd6:470dcdf3:62781188 name=LBox2:0 # This file was auto-generated on Mon, 10 Jan 2011 04:06:55 +0200 # by mkconf 3.1.2-2

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• How to fix boot and mount failed drops to initramfs prompt in Ubuntu 12.04?

  - by msPeachy

  Ubuntu partition does not boot. This started after a power interruption during system boot. The next time I boot, I encountered the following error message: mount: mounting /dev/disk/by-uuid/3f7f5cd9d-6ea3-4da7-b5ec-**** on /root failed: Invalid argument mount: mounting /sys on /root/sys failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /dev on /root/dev failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /sys on /root/sys failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /proc on /root/proc failed: No such file or directory Target file system doesn't have /sbin/init. No init found. Try passing init= bootarg. Busybox v1.18.5 (Ubuntu 1:1.18.5-1ubuntu4) built-in shell (ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands. (initramfs) _ I've searched for similar posts here and most of the recommended solution is to reboot to the Ubuntu LiveCD. That's another problem because I cannot boot to a LIVEUSB, this is the error message I get when booting to a LiveUSB: Busybox v1.18.5 (Ubuntu 1:1.18.5-1ubuntu4) built-in shell (ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands. (initramfs) mount: mounting /dev/sda2 on /isodevice failed: Invalid argument Could not find the ISO /ubuntu-12.04-desktop-i386.iso. This could also happen if the file system is not clean because of an operating system crash, an interrupted boot process, an improper shutdown, or unplugging of a removable device without first unmounting or ejecting it. To fix this, simply reboot into Windows, let it fully start, log in, run 'chkdsk /r', then gracefully shut down and reboot back into Windows. After this you should be able to reboot again and resume the installation. I cannot boot into Windows because I don't have a Windows partition. Do I have to install Windows to fix this problem? Is there a way to fix this in the (initramfs) prompt? Please help. Thank you!

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• Nexus 7 Possibly Bricked

  - by user214186

  I have a 1st gen Nexus 7 (32GB). I used the steps at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Nexus7/Installation to successfully install Ubuntu 13.04 desktop onto the tablet. It was working fine and then I decided to upgrade to Ubuntu Touch. I booted the tablet into fast boot mode but the commands 'adb devices' and 'sudo fastboot devices' would not see the device. I am performing these steps from an Ubuntu 12.04 desktop PC. Prior to installing 13.04 the device was seen fine. I made the mistake of performing the 'Device factory reset' step from https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Install - Step 2. Now when I try to boot the device I get the following: mount: mounting /dev on /root/dev failed: no such file or directory mount: mounting /dev on /root/sys failed: no such file or directory mount: mounting /proc on /root/proc failed: no such file or directory Targe filesystem doesn't have requested /sbin/init. No init found. Try passing init= bootarg. BusyBox v1.20.2 (Ubuntu 1:1.20.0-0ubuntu1) built-in shell (ash) Enter help for a list of built-in commands. (initramfs) I have searched the web but every reference to this problem is from people who still have ADB access to the device so they can recover by flashing the tablet again. I can attach a keyboard to the USB port and access the BusyBox console but I don't know what steps to do to recover from my error. Any suggestions would be helpful. Thanks

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• Alienware M17x R3: Possible downclock

  - by Ywen

  I installed recently Kubuntu 11.10 32 bits (had graphics driver issues, wanted to try on 32 bits version) on my new Alienware M17x, with a Core i7-2670QM CPU. Cores are supposed to be clocked at 2.2 GHz, however the output of $ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep -i "hz" gives me: model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2670QM CPU @ 2.20GHz cpu MHz : 800.000 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2670QM CPU @ 2.20GHz cpu MHz : 800.000 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2670QM CPU @ 2.20GHz cpu MHz : 800.000 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2670QM CPU @ 2.20GHz cpu MHz : 800.000 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2670QM CPU @ 2.20GHz cpu MHz : 800.000 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2670QM CPU @ 2.20GHz cpu MHz : 800.000 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2670QM CPU @ 2.20GHz cpu MHz : 800.000 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2670QM CPU @ 2.20GHz cpu MHz : 800.000 If useful, the AC adapter is plugged in (yet the ouput is the same when the computer is powered only by the battery) and I have Firefox and Eclipse running. Does /proc/cpuinfo reflect a possible automatic downclock made to save power if processor load is low or is this output abnormal? EDIT: Ok, I checked and yes, the ouput does vary in function of the load. I reach 2.2 GHz when needed. But my following problem remains. I was checking my CPU clocking because I experienced poor performances when reading 720p video files on Ubuntu with VLC or mplayer when on battery (and I believe VLC by default only uses CPU, not GPU to decode), whereas I haven't got such problems with VLC on Windows (which made me think it wasn't coming from a BIOS option, plus every option in the BIOS regarding the CPU is turned ON).

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• Show USB drives in launcher, but not mounted internal partitions

  - by Gabriel

  Well the title pretty much says it all. I have partitions that appear in the launcher when the system mounts them, just like when a USB key is plugged in. I do not want these mounted internal hard disc partitions to show as icons in the launcher, but I do want my external USB to show there when I plug it in. I've tried MyUnity - it has only an option to not show/hide all mounted devices, which is not what I want. Can this be done? From /proc/mounts (in order seen in screenshot): /dev/sdb1 /media/CEDD-DE31 vfat rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1000,fmask=0022,dmask=0077,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,showexec,utf8,flush,errors=remount-ro 0 0 /dev/sda3 /media/A423-E0E8 vfat rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1000,fmask=0022,dmask=0077,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,showexec,utf8,flush,errors=remount-ro 0 0 /dev/sda5 /media/586C25656C253EDE fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 /dev/sda6 /home/greg/80gb ext4 rw,relatime,user_xattr,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 Other items from /proc/mounts not appearing in Unity launcher: /dev/sda1 /boot/efi vfat rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro 0 0 /dev/sda9 /mnt/backup ext4 rw,relatime,user_xattr,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0

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• My laptop with Linux/ Ubuntu isn't working

  - by Andy Campos

  I have a dell laptop with ubuntu linux. A day I tried to start it up and a black screen just appeared that says: GNU GRUB version1.98+20100804-5ubuntu3 (and these clickable options:) -Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-22-generic -Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-22-generic (recovery mode) -Memory test (memtest86+) -Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200) When I click the first one, a bunch of text appears like: mount: mounting /dev/disk/by-uuid/8396a225... failed: invalid argument mount: mounting /dev on /root/dev failed: no such file or directory mount: mounting /sys on /root/sys failed: no such file or directory mount: mounting /proc on /root/proc failed: no such file or directory Target file system doesn't have requested /sbin/init No init found. Try passing init= bootarg Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands BusyBox v1.15.3 (Ubuntu 1:1.15.3-1ubuntu5) built-in shell (ash) (initramfs) When I enter 'help' a bunch more incomprehensible text appears. Whenever I press the enter key all that pops up is (intetramfs) If anyone can make rhyme or reason out of this please, please help me out so it can boot up normally and i can be set. If there's some kind of special code I have to type in or something I know nothing about computers.

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• How to restore Windows7 after restore ubuntu bootloader?

  - by Mateusz Rogulski

  At first I will describe my situation in a few points: I have installed Windows7, and then Ubuntu 11.04 on my machine. Then everything works fine and at start of system I have screen from linux where I can choose the system. Then I reinstall Windows7 and install Windows 8 on other partition. Then I can choose between Win7 and win8 when I start system. Then I need my Ubuntu back so I want restore my bootloader from Ubuntu. I boot Ubuntu from USB and in terminal write this commands: sudo fdisk -l Then I get: /dev/sda1 1 13 104391 de Dell Utility /dev/sda2 14 2805 22425601 5 Rozszerzona /dev/sda3 * 2805 41968 314572800 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda4 41968 60802 151282688 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda5 14 2445 19530752 83 Linux /dev/sda6 2445 2805 2893824 82 Linux swap / Solaris Next commands: sudo mount /dev/sda5 /mnt sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc sudo chroot /mnt grub-install /dev/sda I get Installation finished. No error reported.. And when I start my machine I have old Ubuntu start screen to choose system. Ubuntu works well. But There are no Windows 8 option. But my primary problem is when I choose Windows 7 I have: error: no such device ... error: no such disk so I have no idea what can I do. I really need both systems to work. Any help would be appreciated.

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• Can no longer boot with rEFIt and Grub on early 2006 MacBook Pro

  - by Don Quixote

  I don't know what happened to cause this. I have Snow Leopard, Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal and Windows XP SP3 on my early 2006 MacBook Pro. It is a Core Duo unit, NOT Core 2 Duo, so it is 32-bit only - Model Identifier MacBookPro1,1. I use rEFIt 0.14 for my boot menu. For some reason neither XP nor Ubuntu would boot anymore. I'd just get a black screen with a rapidly flashing underscore in the top-left corner. Having both those OSes failing to boot suggested a problem with the boot loader in my MBR. The rEFIT partition tool verified that my MBR partitions were still synced with my GPT partitions, so I rewrote my MBR partition table with fdisk while booted from Parted Magic: # fdisk /dev/sda (fdisk warns about the disk having a GPT. I press on anyway.) p (Print the existing partition table to make sure it's OK.) w (Write the old partition table back to disk. This also writes a new MBR boot loader.) After this XP would boot but Ubuntu would not, with the same symptom. Now I used update-grub while chrooted into Ubuntu from Parted Magic: # mount /dev/sda3 /mnt # mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev # mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys # mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc # chroot /mnt Chroot issues some warnings about not being able to identify some group IDs. I don't know why that happens, or whether it is a problem. At this point while I am still booted off of Parted Magic's kernel, I am running from Natty's filesystem. # update-grub Update-grub detects each of my operating systems then claims to complete successfully, but still won't boot. I asked this same question over at rEFIt's Sourceforge support forum but there have been no replies yet. I also Googled quite a bit, and see many who have the same black screen problem, but none of their situations seem quite like mine. Thanks for any help you can give me. -- Don Quixote

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• mdadm: brakes boot due to "is not ready yet or not present" error

  - by BarsMonster

  This is so damn frustrating :-| I've spent like 20 hours on this nice error, and seems like dozens of people over Internet too, and no clear solution yet. I have non-system RAID-5 of 5 disks, and it's fine. But during boot up it says that "/dev/md0 is not ready yet or not present" and asks to press 'S'. Very nice for Ubuntu Server - I have to bring monitor and keyboard to go next. After this system boots and it's all fine. md0 device works, /proc/mdstat is fine. When I do mount -a - it mounts this array without errors and works fine. As a dumb and shameful workaround I added noauto in /etc/fstab, and did mounting in /etc/rc.local - it works fine then. Any hints how to make it work properly? fstab: UUID=3588dfed-47ae-4c32-9855-2d69df713b86 /var/bigfatdisk ext4 noauto,noatime,data=writeback,barrier=0,nobh,commit=5 0 0 mdadm config: It is autogenerated: # mdadm.conf # # Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file. # # by default, scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) for MD superblocks. # alternatively, specify devices to scan, using wildcards if desired. DEVICE partitions # auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes # automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system HOMEHOST <system> # instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts MAILADDR CENSORED # definitions of existing MD arrays ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 bitmap=/var/md0_intent UUID=efccbeb6:a0a65cd6:470dcdf3:62781188 name=LBox2:0 # This file was auto-generated on Mon, 10 Jan 2011 04:06:55 +0200 # by mkconf 3.1.2-2

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• Battery not recognized on my laptop (and it recognizes my laptop as a desktop)

  - by AZorin

  I have installed Ubuntu (both 10.10 and 11.04 pre-release) on my laptop but my battery is not recognized and it is detected as a desktop system rather than a laptop. I have tried to get the output of cat /proc/acpi/battery/BAT1/state but the directory doesn't exist. I have tried another guide to paste the battery info into this directory but it doesn't allow me to do that and says that the directory doesn't exist, even though I'm trying to make it. I tried it in root Nautilus and even on an install of Lubuntu (with a root file manager) but it still failed to budge. I really don't know what to do as I have tried all the guides on the internet that I could find. Is there any way to change the configuration file(s) that detect the internal hardware of the computer. The /proc directory is a temporary RAM directory afaik. Is there a directory where that data is stored permanently and where the RAM reads if you know what I mean? Thanks in advance. AZorin This issue has been reported as bug #764513.

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• How do I increase the open files limit for a non-root user?

  - by iCode

  This is happening on Ubuntu Release 12.04 (precise) 64-bit Kernel Linux 3.2.0-25-virtual I'm trying to increase the number of open files allowed for a user. This is for an my ecplise java application where the current limit of 1024 is not enough. According to the posts I've found so far, I should be able to put lines into /etc/security/limits.conf like this; soft nofile 4096 hard nofile 4096 to increase the number of open files allowed for all users. But, that's not working for me, and I think the problem is not related to that file. For all users, the default limit is 1024, regardless of what is in /etc/security/limits.conf (I have been rebooting after changing that file) $ ulimit -n 1024 Now, despite the entries in /etc/security/limits.conf I can't increase that; $ ulimit -n 2048 -bash: ulimit: open files: cannot modify limit: Operation not permitted The weird part is that I can change the limit downwards, but can't change it upwards - even to go back to a number which is below the original limit; $ ulimit -n 800 $ ulimit -n 800 $ ulimit -n 900 -bash: ulimit: open files: cannot modify limit: Operation not permitted As root, I can change that limit to whatever I want, up or down. It doesn't even seem to care about the supposedly system-wide limit in /proc/sys/fs/file-max # cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max 188897 # ulimit -n 188898 # ulimit -n 188898 So far, I haven't found any way to increase the open files limit for a non-root user, and I really don't want to be running my application as root. How should I properly do this? I have looked at all the posted and tried the given options but no luck!

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• File doesn't exist when trying to change permissions following the avasys image scan manual

  - by Howard Graham

  I was finally able to connect to avasys.jp and downloaded and installed iscan_2.28.1-3.ltdl7_amd64.deb iscan-data_1.13.0-1_all.deb. The programs appeared to install correctly. I then ran sane-find-scanner and got back: found USB scanner (vendor=0x04b8, product=0x012d) at libusb:001:003 I then ran lsusb and got back: Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 04b8:012d Seiko Epson Corp. Perfection V10/V100 (GT-S600/F650) Bus 001 Device 004: ID 03f0:4817 Hewlett-Packard Bus 002 Device 002: ID 093a:2510 Pixart Imaging, Inc. Optical Mouse the avasys image scan manual instructed me to run chmod 0666 /proc/bus/usb/001/003 which returned chmod: cannot access `/proc/bus/usb/001/003': No such file or directory In 12.04, no such directory exists. 12.04 appears to deal with USB in another way. What must I do to get the usb port 001/003 recognized by xsane and sane as the port where the scanner can be located? What must I do to continue installing the scanner?

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• Not enough disk space '/' in AWS instance

  - by Sumant

  i am running Ubuntu 11.04 instance for my Web Server on AWS cloud, now i am getting there is no disk space in / partition of my server. df -ah say this Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 7.9G 7.8G 97M 99% / proc 0 0 0 - /proc none 0 0 0 - /sys fusectl 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/fuse/connections none 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/debug none 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/security none 3.7G 112K 3.7G 1% /dev none 0 0 0 - /dev/pts none 3.7G 0 3.7G 0% /dev/shm none 3.7G 80K 3.7G 1% /var/run none 3.7G 0 3.7G 0% /var/lock /dev/xvdb 414G 16G 377G 4% /mnt Now i have Tried these thing for getting some extra space on / partition Clean up All Log files for Apache. Removed all unnecessary files from server. Home directory Cleanup. But Still I am not getting enough space. This Instance type is m1.large with 8GB EBS. Now i am getting i have enough disk space in /dev/xvdb. Is there a way i can allocate some diskspace to / from /dev/xvdb or Any other Ways. Please suggest me the possible solution for this.Is it possible to use the same /dev/xvdb partition with another instance.

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• Virtualbox install 12.04 guest: "pae not present"

  - by Peter.O

  I get this message while trying to install Ubuntu 12.04 as a guest in VirutalBox 4.1.18, on an Ubuntu 10.04 host. This kernel requires the following feature not present on the CPU: pae Some host specs: The host's kernel is: Linux 2.6.32-41-generic-pae GNU/Linux lscpu (host): Architecture: i686, CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit grep --color=always -i PAE /proc/cpuinfo   does show pae in its output. The 12.04 iso used is: ubuntu-12.04.0-desktop-i386.iso As a comparison/check, I downloaded and installed Linux Mint 13 Cinnamon to the same host on the exact same VM (I just changed the .iso image). It worked fine. Its iso is: linuxmint-13-cinnamon-dvd-32bit.iso It seems (to me) that I have pae.. what is going on here? Update: I had assumed that Linux Mint also required pae (being Ubuntu based), but I've just run;   grep --color=always -i PAE /proc/cpuinfo   in the Mint VM.   It showed no output.   So it seems the issue may lie with VirtualBox.   If that is the case, how can I get Virtualbox into pae mode?

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• ubuntu 10.04: boot error for custom compiled kernel - gave up wating for root device

  - by atharva

  Hi, I have installed lucid on my Lenevo Laptop (Y 410 series , x86 platoform) and it is working fine. Now I have compiled kernel 2.6.37 from the downloaded from the kernel tree. I followed usual procedure of compileing kernel (make menuconfig,make. make modules etc). Then I created the initrd image using mkinitramfs and updated my grub using upadate grub command. Update-grub detects the initrd image of the compiled kernel. However when I boot from this kernel it gives me following error: Gave up waiting for root device. Common problems: -Boot args (cat /proc/cmdline) -Check rootdelay= (did the system wait long enough?) -Check root= (did the system wait for the right device?) -Missing modules (cat /proc/modules; ls /dev) ALERT! root=UUID=/... does not exist and then it falls onto initramfs prompt. I have tried following solutions discussed in different ubuntu forums: 1. disable uuid and point root=/dev/sda8 (sda8 is where my kernele image resides (both default kernel and compiled one) from /etc/default/grub 2. compile kernel using CONFIG_DEVTMPFS=y suggested here Still I am unable to boot from the compile kernel. Could someone please suggest me the solution ?

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