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• Quantifying the value of refactoring in commercial terms

  - by Myles McDonnell

  Here is the classic scenario; Dev team build a prototype. Business mgmt like it and put it into production. Dev team now have to continue to deliver new features whilst at the same time pay the technical debt accrued when the code base was a prototype. My question is this (forgive me, it's rather open ended); how can the value of the refactoring work be quantified in commercial terms? As developers we can clearly understand and communicate the value in technical terms, such a the removal of code duplication, the simplification of an object model and so on. But this means little to an executive focussed on the commercial elements. What will mean something to this executive is the dev. team being able to deliver requirements at faster velocity. Just making this statement without any metrics that clearly quantify return on investment (increased velocity in return for resource allocated to refactoring) carries little weight. I'm interested to hear from anyone who has had experience, positive or negative, in relation to the above. ----------------- EDIT ---------------- Thanks for the responses so far, all of which I think are good. What I want to develop is a metric that proves (or disproves!) all of these statements. A report that ties velocity to refactoring and shows a positive effect.

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• How dependecy injection increases coupling?

  - by B?????

  Reading wiki page on Dependency injection, the disadvantages section tells this : Dependency injection increases coupling by requiring the user of a subsystem to provide for the needs of that subsystem. with a link to an article against DI. What DI does is that it makes a class use the interface instead of the concrete implementation. That should be decreased coupling, no? So, what am I missing? How is dependency injection increasing coupling between classes?

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• Reasonable technological solutions to create CRM using .NET eventually Java

  - by user1825608

  My background(If it's too long, just skip it please ; ) ): I am Java programmer(because of demand): mostly teacher for other students, worked on few thesis for others, but during my journey I discovered that .NET and Microsoft's tools are on at least two levels higher than Java and its tools so I want to learn more about them. I programmed little bit on Windows Phone(NFC Tags, TCP Clients, guitar tuner using internal microphone, simple RSS), used WPF, integrated WPF with Windows Forms, Apple Bonjour(.NET), I have expierience with IP cameras and with unusal problems, I learn Android, but I don't like it at all. Problem: I was asked by my friend to create CRM for small new company. There will maximum 20 workers in the company working at computers in few cities in the country(Poland). They just want to store contracts with the clients and client's data. I am not sure what exacly they do but probably sell apartments so there will be at most few thousands of contracts to store in far future. Now I am totally new to CRM but I want to learn. I have few questions: Should the data be stored on a server in the company's building running 24/7 or cloud. If cloud which one? Should I use ASPX or WPF. I read one topic about it but as far as I know aspx sites can be viewed from every device with internet browser: tablets, phones(Android, WP, iOS) and computers at the same time- so the job is done once and for all(Am I right?), I don't know nothing about aspx. Can WPF be also used in manner that does not need to port it for other platforms?

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• SQL query. An unusual join. DB implemented in sqlite-3

  - by user02814

  This is essentially a question about constructing an SQL query. The db is implemented with sqlite3. I am a relatively new user of SQL. I have two tables and want to join them in an unusual way. The following is an example to explain the problem. Table 1 (t1): id year name ------------------------- 297 2010 Charles 298 2011 David 300 2010 Peter 301 2011 Richard Table 2 (t2) id year food --------------------------- 296 2009 Bananas 296 2011 Bananas 297 2009 Melon 297 2010 Coffee 297 2012 Cheese 298 2007 Sugar 298 2008 Cereal 298 2012 Chocolate 299 2000 Peas 300 2007 Barley 300 2011 Beans 300 2012 Chickpeas 301 2010 Watermelon I want to join the tables on id and year. The catch is that (1) id must match exactly, but if there is no exact match in Table 2 for the year in Table 1, then I want to choose the year that is the next (lower) available. A selection of the kind that I want to produce would give the following result id year matchyr name food ------------------------------------------------- 297 2010 2010 Charles Coffee 298 2011 2008 David Cereal 300 2010 2007 Peter Barley 301 2011 2010 Richard Watermelon To summarise, id=297 had an exact match for year=2010 given in Table 1, so the corresponding line for id=297, year=2010 is chosen from Table 2. id=298, year=2011 did not have a matching year in Table 2, so the next available year (less than 2011) is chosen. As you can see, I would also like to know what that matched year (whether exactly , or inexactly) actually was. I would very much appreciate (1) an indication (yes/no answer) of whether this is possible to do in SQL alone, or whether I need to look outside SQL, and (2) a solution, if that is not too onerous.

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• Getting started with ClojureScript and Google Closure

  - by Andrea

  I would like to investigate whether ClojureScript, with the associated Google Closure library is a reasonable tool to build modern, in-browser, Javascript applications. My current Javascript stack consists of jQuery, Backbone and RequireJS with the possible additions of some widgets libraries like jQueryUI or KendoUI. So it will be quite a big leap (I already know how to work in Clojure, although I have little experience). What is a good roadmap to do so? Should I learn the Google Closure library first, or can I grasp it together with ClojureScript? One thing I am concerned about is the overall application structure. Backbone is rather opinionated on how to organize your application. I am not sure whether Google Closure also includes some components to help with the design of the application. And, if this is the case, I do not know how to tell whether this structure will port to ClojureScript or a ClojureScript application will require a different organization anyway, and only use - say - the widgets and DOM manipulation features of Closure.

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• Is the output of Eclipse's incremental java compiler used in production? Or is it simply to support Eclipse's features?

  - by Doug T.

  I'm new to Java and Eclipse. One of my most recent discoveries was how Eclipse comes shipped with its own java compiler (ejc) for doing incremental builds. Eclipse seems to by default output incrementally built class files to the projRoot/bin folder. I've noticed too that many projects come with ant files to build the project that uses the java compiler built into the system for doing the production builds. Coming from a Windows/Visual Studio world where Visual Studio is invoking the compiler for both production and debugging, I'm used to the IDE having a more intimate relationship with the command-line compiler. I'm used to the project being the make file. So my mental model is a little off. Is whats produced by Eclipse ever used in production? Or is it typically only used to support Eclipse's features (ie its intellisense/incremental building/etc)? Is it typical that for the final "release" build of a project, that ant, maven, or another tool is used to do the full build from the command line? Mostly I'm looking for the general convention in the Eclipse/Java community. I realize that there may be some outliers out there who DO use ecj in production, but is this generally frowned upon? Or is this normal/accepted practice?

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• DDD and Value Objects. Are mutable Value Objects a good candidate for Non Aggr. Root Entity?

  - by Tony

  Here is a little problem Have an entity, with a value object. Not a problem. I replace a value object for a new one, then nhibernate inserts the new value and orphan the old one, then deletes it. Ok, that's a problem. Insured is my entity in my domain. He has a collection of Addresses (value objects). One of the addresses is the MailingAddress. When we want to update the mailing address, let's say zipcode was wrong, following Mr. Evans doctrine, we must replace the old object for a new one since it's immutable (a value object right?). But we don't want to delete the row thou, because that address's PK is a FK in a MailingHistory table. So, following Mr. Evans doctrine, we are pretty much screwed here. Unless i make my addressses Entities, so i don't have to "replace" it, and simply update its zipcode member, like the old good days. What would you suggest me in this case? The way i see it, ValueObjects are only useful when you want to encapsulate a group of database table's columns (component in nhibernate). Everything that has a persistence id in the database, is better off to make it an Entity (not necessarily an aggregate root) so you can update its members without recreating the whole object graph, specially if that's a deep-nested object. Do you concur? Is it allowed by Mr. Evans to have a mutable value object? Or is a mutable value object a candidate for an Entity? Thanks

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• Instruction vs data cache usage

  - by Nick Rosencrantz

  Say I've got a cache memory where instruction and data have different cache memories ("Harvard architecture"). Which cache, instruction or data, is used most often? I mean "most often" as in time, not amount of data since data memory might be used "more" in terms of amount of data while instruction cache might be used "more often" especially depending on the program. Are there different answers a) in general and b) for a specific program?

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• Why do large IT projects tend to fail or have big cost/schedule overruns?

  - by Pratik

  I always read about large scale transformation or integration project that are total or almost total disaster. Even if they somehow manage to succeed the cost and schedule blow out is enormous. What is the real reason behind large projects being more prone to failure. Can agile be used in these sort of projects or traditional approach is still the best. One example from Australia is the Queensland Payroll project where they changed test success criteria to deliver the project. See some more failed projects in this SO question Have you got any personal experience to share?

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• Is it typical for a provider of a web services to also provide client libraries?

  - by HDave

  My company is building a corporate Java web-app and we are leaning towards using GWT-RPC as the client-server protocol for performance reasons. However, in the future, we will need to provide an API for other enterprise systems to access our data as well. For this, we were thinking of a SOAP based web service. In my experience it is common for commercial providers of enterprise web applications to provide client libraries (Java, .NET, C#, etc.). Is this generally the case? I ask because if so, then why bother using SOAP or REST or any standard web services protocol at all? Why not just create a client libraries that communicate via GWT-RPC?

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• UML Diagrams of Multi-Threaded Applications

  - by PersonalNexus

  For single-threaded applications I like to use class diagrams to get an overview of the architecture of that application. This type of diagram, however, hasn’t been very helpful when trying to understand heavily multi-threaded/concurrent applications, for instance because different instances of a class "live" on different threads (meaning accessing an instance is save only from the one thread it lives on). Consequently, associations between classes don’t necessarily mean that I can call methods on those objects, but instead I have to make that call on the target object's thread. Most literature I have dug up on the topic such as Designing Concurrent, Distributed, and Real-Time Applications with UML by Hassan Gomaa had some nice ideas, such as drawing thread boundaries into object diagrams, but overall seemed a bit too academic and wordy to be really useful. I don’t want to use these diagrams as a high-level view of the problem domain, but rather as a detailed description of my classes/objects, their interactions and the limitations due to thread-boundaries I mentioned above. I would therefore like to know: What types of diagrams have you found to be most helpful in understanding multi-threaded applications? Are there any extensions to classic UML that take into account the peculiarities of multi-threaded applications, e.g. through annotations illustrating that some objects might live in a certain thread while others have no thread-affinity; some fields of an object may be read from any thread, but written to only from one; some methods are synchronous and return a result while others are asynchronous that get requests queued up and return results for instance via a callback on a different thread.

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• What are the steps to grouping related classes into packages

  - by user2368481

  I've been googling this for some time, but what I haven't found are the clear steps needed to be taken to group related classes into packages in Java. In my case, I have about a number of .java files that I'd like to group into 3 packages according to the MVC pattern. One package for Model classes, one package for View classes and one package for Controller classes. I've identified which belong in what package, but not sure of the next step.

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• How do i rotate a 2D picturebox according to my mouse

  - by Gwenda.T

  I would want to rotate my picturebox which contains an image. The image will just spin around following the mouse, but the position of the image is fixed. Any idea on how it should be done? Btw using Visual Studio 2012 C# Windows phone application for Windows Phone 8. I've did a little research on google but the other codes were from VS2012 using a WinForm But it's different now I'm not able to use their code. So I was hoping I could find some answer at here! Currently now I have this private void arrowHead_Tap(object sender, System.Windows.Input.GestureEventArgs e) { Duration Time_duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0.5)); Storyboard MyStory = new Storyboard(); MyStory.Duration = Time_duration; DoubleAnimation My_Double = new DoubleAnimation(); My_Double.Duration = Time_duration; MyStory.Children.Add(My_Double); RotateTransform MyTransform = new RotateTransform(); Storyboard.SetTarget(My_Double, MyTransform); Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(My_Double, new PropertyPath("Angle")); My_Double.To = 15; arrowHead.RenderTransform = MyTransform; arrowHead.RenderTransformOrigin = new Point(0.5, 0.5); //stackPanel1.Children.Add(image1); MyStory.Begin(); } This is my only way of tilting the image however now I want it to follow my mouse! Thanks!

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• What are basic programming directions? [closed]

  - by Goward Gerald

  What are basic programming directions? Can you please list them and give a brief review of each? Would be nice to have a list for each direction (web-development/*enterprise*/standalone/*mobile*/etc, correct me if I skipped something) like this: 1). Most popular languages of this direction (php for web, objective C for iOS mobile development etc) 2). It's demand on market (from 0 to 5, subjective) 3). How much tasks differ (do you always create same-of-a-kind programs which are like clones of each oother or projects change and you often get to create something interesting, new and fresh?) 4). Freelance demand (from 0 to 5) 5). Fun factor (from 0 to 5, totally subjective but still write it please) Thanks!

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• Fast set indexing data structure for superset retrieval

  - by Asterios

  I am given a set of sets: {{a,b}, {a,b,c}, {a,c}, {a,c,f}} I would like to have a data structure to index those sets such that the following "lookup" is executed fast: find all supersets of a given set. For example, given the set {a,c} the structure would return {{a,b,c}, {a,c,f}, {a,c}} but not {a,b}. Any suggestions? Could this be done with a smart trie-like data structure storing sets after a proper sorting? This data structures is going to be queried a lot. Thus, I'm searching for a structure that might be expensive in build but rather fast to query.

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• Microkernel architectural pattern and applicability for business applications

  - by Pangea

  We are in the business of building customizable web applications. We have the core team that provides what we call as the core platform (provides services like security, billing etc.) on top of which core products are built. These core products are industry specific solutions like telecom, utility etc. These core products are later used by other teams to build customer specific solutions in a particular industry. Until now we have a loose separation between platform and core product. The customer specific solutions are build by customizing 20-40% of the core offering and re-packaging. The core-platform and core products are released together as monolithic apps (ear). I am looking to improvise the current situation so that there is a cleaner separation on these 3. This allows us to have evolve each of these 3 separately etc. I've read through the Mircokernel architecture and kind of felt that I can take apply the principles in my context. But most of my reading about this pattern is always in the context of operating systems or application servers etc. I am wondering if there are any examples on how that pattern was used for architecting business applications. Or you could provide some insight on how to apply that pattern to my problem.

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• Pros and cons of hosted scripts

  - by P.Brian.Mackey

  I have seen some developers use hosted scripts to link their libraries. cdn.jquerytools.org is one example. I have also seen people complain that a hosted script link has been hijacked. How safe is using hosted scripts in reality? Are the scripts automatically updated? For example, if jQuery 5 goes to 6 do I automatically get version 6 or do I need to update my link? I also see that Google has a large set of these scripts setup for hosting. What are the pros and cons?

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• Why maven so slow compared to automake?

  - by ???'Lenik

  I have a Maven project consists of around 100 modules. I have reason to decompose the project to so many modules, and I don't think I should merge them in order to speed up the build process. I have read a lot of projects by other people, e.g., the Maven project itself, and Apache Archiva, and Hudson project, they all consists of a lot of modules, nearly 100 maybe, more or less. The problem is, to build them all need so much time, 3 hours for the first time build (this is acceptable because a lot of artifacts to download), and 15 minutes for the second build (this is not acceptable). For automake, things are similarly, the first time you need to configure the project, to prepare the magical config.h file, it's far more complex then what maven does. But it's still fast, maybe 10 seconds on my Debian box. After then, make install requires maybe 10 minutes for the first time build. However, when everything get prepared, the .o object files are generated, they don't have to be rebuild at all for the second time build. (In Maven, everything rebuild at everytime.) I'm very wondering, how guys working for Maven projects can bare this long time for each build, I'm just can't sit down calmly during each time Maven build, it took too long time, really.

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• Music Notation Editor - Refactoring view creation logic elseware

  - by Cyril Silverman

  Let me preface by saying that knowing some elementary music theory and music notation may be helpful in grasping the problem at hand. I'm currently building a Music Notation and Tablature Editor (in Javascript). But I've come to a point where the core parts of the program are more or less there. All functionality I plan to add at this point will really build off the foundation that I've created. As a result, I want to refactor to really solidify my code. I'm using an API called VexFlow to render notation. Basically I pass the parts of the editor's state to VexFlow to build the graphical representation of the score. Here is a rough and stripped down UML diagram showing you the outline of my program: In essence, a Part has many Measures which has many Notes which has many NoteItems (yes, this is semantically weird, as a chord is represented as a Note with multiple NoteItems, individual pitches or fret positions). All of the relationships are bi-directional. There are a few problems with my design because my Measure class contains the majority of the entire application view logic. The class holds the data about all VexFlow objects (the graphical representation of the score). It contains the graphical Staff object and the graphical notes. (Shouldn't these be placed somewhere else in the program?) While VexFlowFactory deals with actual creation (and some processing) of most of the VexFlow objects, Measure still "directs" the creation of all the objects and what order they are supposed to be created in for both the VexFlowStaff and VexFlowNotes. I'm not looking for a specific answer as you'd need a much deeper understanding of my code. Just a general direction to go in. Here's a thought I had, create an MeasureView/NoteView/PartView classes that contains the basic VexFlow objects for each class in addition to any extraneous logic for it's creation? but where would these views be contained? Do I create a ScoreView that is a parallel graphical representation of everything? So that ScoreView.render() would cascade down PartView and call render for each PartView and casade down into each MeasureView, etc. Again, I just have no idea what direction to go in. The more I think about it, the more ways to go seem to pop into my head. I tried to be as concise and simplistic as possible while still getting my problem across. Please feel free to ask me any questions if anything is unclear. It's quite a struggle trying to dumb down a complicated problem to its core parts.

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• Git workflow for small teams

  - by janos

  I'm working on a git workflow to implement in a small team. The core ideas in the workflow: there is a shared project master that all team members can write to all development is done exclusively on feature branches feature branches are code reviewed by a team member other than the branch author the feature branch is eventually merged into the shared master and the cycle starts again The article explains the steps in this cycle in detail: https://github.com/janosgyerik/git-workflows-book/blob/small-team-workflow/chapter05.md Does this make sense or am I missing something?

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• Web framework able to handle many concurrent users [closed]

  - by Jonas

  Social networking sites needs to handle many concurrent users e.g. for chat functionality. What web frameworks scales well and are able to handle more than 10.000 concurrent users connected with Comet or WebSockets. The server is a Linux VPS with limited memory, e.g. 1GB-8GB. I have been looking for some Java frameworks but they consume much memory per connection. So I'm looking for other alternatives too. Are there any good frameworks that are able to handle more than 10.000 concurrent users with limited memory resources?

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• Exclusive use of a Jini server during long-running call

  - by Matthew Flint

  I'm trying to use Jini, in a "Masters/Workers" arrangement, but the Worker jobs may be long running. In addition, each worker needs to have exclusive access to a singleton resource on that machine. As it stands, if a Worker receives another request while a previous request is running, then the new request is accepted and executed in a second thread. Are there any best-practices to ensure that a Worker accepts no further jobs until the current job is complete? Things I've considered: synchronize the job on the server, with a lock on the singleton resource. This would work, but is far from ideal. A call from a Master would block until the current Worker thread completes, even if other Workers become free in the meantime unregister the Worker from the registry while the job is running, then re-register when it completes. Might work OK, but something doesn't smell right with this idea... Of course, I'm quite happy to be told that there are more appropriate technologies than Jini... but I wouldn't want anything too heavyweight, like rolling out EJB containers all over the place.

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• Library to fake intermittent failures according to tester-defined policy?

  - by crosstalk

  I'm looking for a library that I can use to help mock a program component that works only intermittently - usually, it works fine, but sometimes it fails. For example, suppose I need to read data from a file, and my program has to avoid crashing or hanging when a read fails due to a disk head crash. I'd like to model that by having a mock data reader function that returns mock data 90% of the time, but hangs or returns garbage otherwise. Or, if I'm stress-testing my full program, I could turn on debugging code in my real data reader module to make it return real data 90% of the time and hang otherwise. Now, obviously, in this particular example I could just code up my mock manually to test against a random() routine. However, I was looking for a system that allows implementing any failure policy I want, including: Fail randomly 10% of the time Succeed 10 times, fail 4 times, repeat Fail semi-randomly, such that one failure tends to be followed by a burst of more failures Any policy the tester wants to define Furthermore, I'd like to be able to change the failure policy at runtime, using either code internal to the program under test, or external knobs or switches (though the latter can be implemented with the former). In pig-Java, I'd envision a FailureFaker interface like so: interface FailureFaker { /** Return true if and only if the mocked operation succeeded. Implementors should override this method with versions consistent with their failure policy. */ public boolean attempt(); } And each failure policy would be a class implementing FailureFaker; for example there would be a PatternFailureFaker that would succeed N times, then fail M times, then repeat, and a AlwaysFailFailureFaker that I'd use temporarily when I need to simulate, say, someone removing the external hard drive my data was on. The policy could then be used (and changed) in my mock object code like so: class MyMockComponent { FailureFaker faker; public void doSomething() { if (faker.attempt()) { // ... } else { throw new RuntimeException(); } } void setFailurePolicy (FailureFaker policy) { this.faker = policy; } } Now, this seems like something that would be part of a mocking library, so I wouldn't be surprised if it's been done before. (In fact, I got the idea from Steve Maguire's Writing Solid Code, where he discusses this exact idea on pages 228-231, saying that such facilities were common in Microsoft code of that early-90's era.) However, I'm only familiar with EasyMock and jMockit for Java, and neither AFAIK have this function, or something similar with different syntax. Hence, the question: Do such libraries as I've described above exist? If they do, where have you found them useful? If you haven't found them useful, why not?

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• How to achieve a loosely coupled REST API but with a defined and well understood contract?

  - by BestPractices

  I am new to REST and am struggling to understand how one would properly design a REST system to both allow for loose coupling but at the same time allow a consumer of a REST API to understand the API. If, in my client code, I issue a GET request for a resource and get back XML, how do I know what to do with that xml? e.g. if it contains <fname>John</fname><lname>Smith</lname> how do I know that these refer to the concept of "first name", "last name"? Is it up to the person writing the REST API to define in documentation some place what each of the XML fields mean? What if producer of the API wants to change the implementation to be <firstname> instead of <fname>? How do they do this and notify their consumers that this change occurred? Or do the consumers just encounter the error and then look at the payload and figure out on their own that it changed? I've read in REST in Practice that using a WADL tool to create a client implementation based on the WADL (and hide the fact that you're doing a distributed call) is an "anti-pattern". But I was planning to do this-- at least then I would have a statically typed API call that, if it changed, I would know at compile time and not at run time. Why is this a bad thing to generate client code based on a WADL? And how do I know what to do with the links that returned in the response of a POST to a REST API? What defines this contract and gives true meaning to what each link will do? Please help! I dont understand how to go from statically-typed or even SOAP/RPC to REST!

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• Nested languages code smell

  - by l0b0

  Many projects combine languages, for example on the web with the ubiquitous SQL + server-side language + markup du jour + JavaScript + CSS mix (often in a single function). Bash and other shell code is mixed with Perl and Python on the server side, evaled and sometimes even passed through sed before execution. Many languages support runtime execution of arbitrary code strings, and in some it seems to be fairly common practice. In addition to advice about security and separation of concerns, what other issues are there with this type of programming, what can be done to minimize it, and is it ever defensible (except in the "PHB on the shoulder" situation)?

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