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  • Why should I use List<T> over IEnumerable<T>?

    - by Rowan Freeman
    In my ASP.net MVC4 web application I use IEnumerables, trying to follow the mantra to program to the interface, not the implementation. Return IEnumerable(Of Student) vs Return New List(Of Student) People are telling me to use List and not IEnumerable, because lists force the query to be executed and IEumerable does not. Is this really best practice? Is there any alternative? I feel strange using concrete objects where an interface could be used. Is my strange feeling justified?

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  • Sql Server Data Tools & Entity Framework - is there any synergy here?

    - by Benjol
    Coming out of a project using Linq2Sql, I suspect that the next (bigger) one might push me into the arms of Entity Framework. I've done some reading-up on the subject, but what I haven't managed to find is a coherent story about how SQL Server Data Tools and Entity Framework should/could/might be used together. Were they conceived totally separately, and using them together is stroking the wrong way? Are they somehow totally orthogonal and I'm missing the point? Some reasons why I think I might want both: SSDT is great for having 'compiled' (checked) and easily versionable sql and schema But the SSDT 'migration/update' story is not convincing (to me): "Update anything" works ok for schema, but there's no way (AFAIK) that it can ever work for data. On the other hand, I haven't tried the EF migration to know if it presents similar problems, but the Up/Down bits look quite handy.

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  • REST - Tradeoffs between content negotiation via Accept header versus extensions

    - by Brandon Linton
    I'm working through designing a RESTful API. We know we want to return JSON and XML for any given resource. I had been thinking we would do something like this: GET /api/something?param1=value1 Accept: application/xml (or application/json) However, someone tossed out using extensions for this, like so: GET /api/something.xml?parm1=value1 (or /api/something.json?param1=value1) What are the tradeoffs with these approaches? Is it best to rely on the accept header when an extension isn't specified, but honor extensions when specified? Is there a drawback to that approach?

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  • Multi-platform Map Application

    - by Mahdi
    I'm working on a web project (PHP, jQuery) which currently using Google Maps powering up the map functionality of the application, however we need to make it multi-platform like you can go to the dashboard and choose one from 5-10 map providers (which Goolge Maps is just one of them) to underlying your map functionality. So, as the application is supposed to show the data on map, almost in every single place we have to deal with the API provided by that specific map provider. Currently we are thinking about revising our modular structure and/or making something like an adapter for each provider to deal with their native syntax but via our standard methods. I wish to have your ideas and your experiences, specially if you ever made an interface for dealing via 2-3 different map providers. That would helps much and I really appreciate that. If you need any further information, just ask me to update the question. Update: As Vicky Chijwani suggested Mapstraction, now I'm also wondering which one is more better (pros & cons), having an adapter implemented on Javascript or PHP?

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  • What is the difference between Static code analysis and code review?

    - by Xander
    I just wanted to know what is the difference between static code analysis and code review. How these two are done? What are the tools available today for code review/ static analysis of PHP. I also like to know about good tools for any language code review. Thanks in Advance. Xander Cage Note: I am asking this because I was not able to understand the difference. Please, I expect some answers than "I am Mr.Geek and you asked an irrelevant bla bla..... this is closed". I know this sounds mean. But I am sorry.

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  • Software Architecture - From design to sucessful implementation

    - by user20358
    As the subject goes; once a software architect puts down the high level design and approach to a software that is to be developed from scratch, how does the team ensure that it is implemented successfully? To my mind the following things will need to be done Proper understanding of requirements Setting down coding practices and guidelines Regular code reviews to ensure the guidelines are being adhered to Revisiting the requirements phase and making necessary changes to design based on client inputs if there are any changes to requirements Proper documentation of what is being done in code Proper documentation of requirements and changes to them Last but not the least, implementing the design via object oriented code where appropriate Did I miss anything? Would love to hear any mistakes that you have learned from in your project experiences. What went wrong, what could have been done better. Thanks for taking the time..

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  • How do I initialize a Scala map with more than 4 initial elements in Java?

    - by GlenPeterson
    For 4 or fewer elements, something like this works (or at least compiles): import scala.collection.immutable.Map; Map<String,String> HAI_MAP = new Map4<>("Hello", "World", "Happy", "Birthday", "Merry", "XMas", "Bye", "For Now"); For a 5th element I could do this: Map<String,String> b = HAI_MAP.$plus(new Tuple2<>("Later", "Aligator")); But I want to know how to initialize an immutable map with 5 or more elements and I'm flailing in Type-hell. Partial Solution I thought I'd figure this out quickly by compiling what I wanted in Scala, then decompiling the resultant class files. Here's the scala: object JavaMapTest { def main(args: Array[String]) = { val HAI_MAP = Map(("Hello", "World"), ("Happy", "Birthday"), ("Merry", "XMas"), ("Bye", "For Now"), ("Later", "Aligator")) println("My map is: " + HAI_MAP) } } But the decompiler gave me something that has two periods in a row and thus won't compile (I don't think this is valid Java): scala.collection.immutable.Map HAI_MAP = (scala.collection.immutable.Map) scala.Predef..MODULE$.Map().apply(scala.Predef..MODULE$.wrapRefArray( scala.Predef.wrapRefArray( (Object[])new Tuple2[] { new Tuple2("Hello", "World"), new Tuple2("Happy", "Birthday"), new Tuple2("Merry", "XMas"), new Tuple2("Bye", "For Now"), new Tuple2("Later", "Aligator") })); I'm really baffled by the two periods in this: scala.Predef..MODULE$ I asked about it on #java on Freenode and they said the .. looked like a decompiler bug. It doesn't seem to want to compile, so I think they are probably right. I'm running into it when I try to browse interfaces in IntelliJ and am just generally lost. Based on my experimentation, the following is valid: Tuple2[] x = new Tuple2[] { new Tuple2<String,String>("Hello", "World"), new Tuple2<String,String>("Happy", "Birthday"), new Tuple2<String,String>("Merry", "XMas"), new Tuple2<String,String>("Bye", "For Now"), new Tuple2<String,String>("Later", "Aligator") }; scala.collection.mutable.WrappedArray<Tuple2> y = scala.Predef.wrapRefArray(x); There is even a WrappedArray.toMap() method but the types of the signature are complicated and I'm running into the double-period problem there too when I try to research the interfaces from Java.

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  • Nested languages code smell

    - by l0b0
    Many projects combine languages, for example on the web with the ubiquitous SQL + server-side language + markup du jour + JavaScript + CSS mix (often in a single function). Bash and other shell code is mixed with Perl and Python on the server side, evaled and sometimes even passed through sed before execution. Many languages support runtime execution of arbitrary code strings, and in some it seems to be fairly common practice. In addition to advice about security and separation of concerns, what other issues are there with this type of programming, what can be done to minimize it, and is it ever defensible (except in the "PHB on the shoulder" situation)?

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  • History of open source software

    - by Victor Sorokin
    I've been always interested, out of the pure self-amusement, in the history of open software used today: who were the people which started it and what were the reasons to start what were design decisions at the start how software evolved over the time Specifically, I'm interested in following software: GCC X Linux kernel Java Of course, there is plenty of information in Internet to google for, but I thought it would be nice to have list of interesting resources at this site. I hope some of visitors of this site have similar interest and can share a link or two they found particularly amusing/interesting. To make this entry more question-like, here's straight question: what are the most interesting/amusing links about history of open source software?

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  • Class instance clustering in object reference graph for multi-entries serialization

    - by Juh_
    My question is on the best way to cluster a graph of class instances (i.e. objects, the graph nodes) linked by object references (the -directed- edges of the graph) around specifically marked objects. To explain better my question, let me explain my motivation: I currently use a moderately complex system to serialize the data used in my projects: "marked" objects have a specific attributes which stores a "saving entry": the path to an associated file on disc (but it could be done for any storage type providing the suitable interface) Those object can then be serialized automatically (eg: obj.save()) The serialization of a marked object 'a' contains implicitly all objects 'b' for which 'a' has a reference to, directly s.t: a.b = b, or indirectly s.t.: a.c.b = b for some object 'c' This is very simple and basically define specific storage entries to specific objects. I have then "container" type objects that: can be serialized similarly (in fact their are or can-be "marked") they don't serialize in their storage entries the "marked" objects (with direct reference): if a and a.b are both marked, a.save() calls b.save() and stores a.b = storage_entry(b) So, if I serialize 'a', it will serialize automatically all objects that can be reached from 'a' through the object reference graph, possibly in multiples entries. That is what I want, and is usually provides the functionalities I need. However, it is very ad-hoc and there are some structural limitations to this approach: the multi-entry saving can only works through direct connections in "container" objects, and there are situations with undefined behavior such as if two "marked" objects 'a'and 'b' both have a reference to an unmarked object 'c'. In this case my system will stores 'c' in both 'a' and 'b' making an implicit copy which not only double the storage size, but also change the object reference graph after re-loading. I am thinking of generalizing the process. Apart for the practical questions on implementation (I am coding in python, and use Pickle to serialize my objects), there is a general question on the way to attach (cluster) unmarked objects to marked ones. So, my questions are: What are the important issues that should be considered? Basically why not just use any graph parsing algorithm with the "attach to last marked node" behavior. Is there any work done on this problem, practical or theoretical, that I should be aware of? Note: I added the tag graph-database because I think the answer might come from that fields, even if the question is not.

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  • Looking for a light weight note program.

    - by Erin
    This might belongs on superuser but for me it's part of programming so i will ask it here. I find I use notepad to keep chunks of data that are important but not important enough to keep in my head. The one problem with this is I end up with a lot of files on my desktop that I don't know what they are for, or I don't save the file and my computer gets rebooted for some reason. So that big ramble leads to the question. I am looking for a note taking system that is light weight and easy to manage. I would rather it not be a huge application like onenote but if that is what you are using and is is working well for you could you explain how you are doing it? Thanks Erin.

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  • Going back to ASP.Net Webforms from ASP.Net MVC. Recommend patterns/architectures?

    - by jlnorsworthy
    To many of you this will sound like a ridiculous question, but I am asking because I have little to no experience with ASP.Net Webforms - I went straight to ASP.Net MVC. I am now working on a project where we are limited to .Net 2.0 and Visual Studio 2005. I liked the clean separation of concerns when working with ASP.Net MVC, and am looking for something to make webforms less unbearable. Are there any recommended patterns or practices for people who prefer asp.net MVC, but are stuck on .net 2.0 and visual studio 2005?

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  • What's the best way to manage list item sort order with Drag & Drop UI?

    - by Reddy S R
    I have a list of Students that I should display to user on a web page in tabular format. The items are stored in DB along with SortOrder information. On the web page, user can rearrange the list order by dragging and dropping the items to their desired sort order, similar to this post. Below is a screenshot of my test page. In the above example, each row has sort order info attached to it. When I drop John Doe (Student Id 10) above the Student Id 1 row, the list order should now be: 2, 10, 1, 8, 11. What's the optimistic (less resource hungry) way to store and update Sort Order information? My only idea for now is, for every change in the list's sort order, every object's SortOrder value should be updated, which in my opinion is very resource hungry. Just FYI: I might have at most 25 rows in my table.

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  • Improve the business logic

    - by Victor
    In my application,I have a feature like this: The user wants to add a new address to the database. Before adding the address, he needs to perform a search(using input parameters like country,city,street etc) and when the list comes up, he will manually check if the address he wants to add is present or not. If present, he will not add the address. Is there a way to make this process better. maybe somehow eliminate a step, avoid need for manual verification etc.

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  • The perfect crossfade

    - by epologee
    I find it hard to describe this problem in words, which is why I made a video (45 seconds) to illustrate it. Here's a preview of the questions, please have a look at it on Vimeo: http://vimeo.com/epologee/perfect-crossfade The issue of creating a flawless crossfade or dissolve of two images or shapes has been recurring to me in a number of fields over the last decade. First in video editing, then in Flash animation and now in iOS programming. When you start googling it, there are many workarounds to be found, but I really want to solve this without a hack this time. The summary: What is the name of the technique or curve to apply in crossfading two semi-transparent, same-colored bitmaps, if you want the resulting transparency to match the original of either one? Is there a (mathematical) function to calculate the neccessary partial transparency/alpha values during the fade? Are there programming languages that have these functions as a preset, similar to the ease in, ease out or ease in out functions found in ActionScript or Cocoa?

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  • What happens at control invoke function?

    - by user65909
    A question about form controls invoke function. Control1 is created on thread1. If you want to update something in Control1 from thread2 you must do something like: delegate void SetTextCallback(string txt); void setText(string txt) { if (this.textBox1.InvokeRequired) { SetTextCallback d = new SetTextCallback(setText); this.Invoke(d, new object[] { txt }); } else { // this will run on thread1 even when called from thread2 this.textBox1.AppendText(msg); } }` What happens behind the scenes here? This invoke behaves different from a normal object invoke. When you want to call a function in an object on a specific thread, then that thread must be waiting on some queue of delegates, and execute the incoming delegates. Is it correct that the windows forms control invoke function is completely different from the standard object invoke function?

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  • How does one pronounce "cron" as in "cron job"?

    - by Rooke
    Before someone ban-hammers this question as they do with all other pronunciation questions, let me explain its relevance. Verbal communication among co-workers and partners is important; today I was on a conference call with people discussing what I thought was something to do with "Chrome", as in Google Chrome. I pronounce the "cron" in "cron job" with a short O, much like "tron", "gone," or "pawn", but this individual pronouced it with a long O, as in "hone", "bone", or "stone" (notice the e at the end of all those!). Is there a standard pronunciation? Or is this a matter of opinion. For example, there's nothing ambiguous about the pronunciation of "Firefox", but debate is raging over "potato" and "tomato".

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  • Non-Profit Technololgy for Non-Profits?

    - by TomJ
    I've been looking around for a way to give back to the community, but I haven't found my right fit yet, so an idea came to mind: A non-profit technology "company" that targets non-profits. Do these exist? I've been doing some google searches and can only find software that is targeted for non-profits that is created by for-profit companies or that charges what I believe to be an outrages amount, conferences directed towards non-profits and technology they may use -- or articles complaining about the digital divide and how non-profits view technology as key but dont have the funds or the knowledge to employ it. Pseudo "Business Model" An open source 501(3)(c) organization that targets directly targets non-profits to fill the "digital divide." Most services would be free and consulting fees would be charged for customization. Donations would be accepted and government grants would be sought after. This would enable non-profits to keep pace with the for-profits in the technology sector, but at little to no cost. Perhaps the first "industry" to be targeted would be those that fill key social needs like unemployment, or food banks.

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  • Extreme Programming Dying? [closed]

    - by jonny
    Is Extreme Programming Dying? I've been reviewing my fellow students reports on extreme programming.(I am a student myself) Some students are claiming that extreme programming lacks in empirical evidences, and is relevantly new, hence lacking in empirical evidence. XP is already 13 years old it should be considered as new, from my perspective. I guess the practices of XP has been tweaked and used in newer methodologies such as scrum. What are your point of view on this, do you guys think XP is Dying?

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  • Why maven so slow compared to automake?

    - by ???'Lenik
    I have a Maven project consists of around 100 modules. I have reason to decompose the project to so many modules, and I don't think I should merge them in order to speed up the build process. I have read a lot of projects by other people, e.g., the Maven project itself, and Apache Archiva, and Hudson project, they all consists of a lot of modules, nearly 100 maybe, more or less. The problem is, to build them all need so much time, 3 hours for the first time build (this is acceptable because a lot of artifacts to download), and 15 minutes for the second build (this is not acceptable). For automake, things are similarly, the first time you need to configure the project, to prepare the magical config.h file, it's far more complex then what maven does. But it's still fast, maybe 10 seconds on my Debian box. After then, make install requires maybe 10 minutes for the first time build. However, when everything get prepared, the .o object files are generated, they don't have to be rebuild at all for the second time build. (In Maven, everything rebuild at everytime.) I'm very wondering, how guys working for Maven projects can bare this long time for each build, I'm just can't sit down calmly during each time Maven build, it took too long time, really.

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  • find second smallest element in Fibonacci Heap

    - by Longeyes
    I need to describe an algorithm that finds the second smallest element in a Fibonacci-Heap using the Operations: Insert, ExtractMin, DecreaseKey and GetMin. The last one is an algorithm previously implemented to find and return the smallest element of the heap. I thought I'd start by extracting the minimum, which results in its children becoming roots. I could then use GetMin to find the second smallest element. But it seems to me that I'm overlooking other cases because I don't know when to use Insert and DecreaseKey, and the way the question is phrased seems to suggest I should need them.

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  • Is linq more efficient than it appears on the surface?

    - by Justin984
    If I write something like this: var things = mythings .Where(x => x.IsSomeValue) .Where(y => y.IsSomeOtherValue) Is this the same as: var results1 = new List<Thing>(); foreach(var t in mythings) if(t.IsSomeValue) results1.Add(t); var results2 = new List<Thing>(); foreach(var t in results1) if(t.IsSomeOtherValue) results2.Add(t); Or is there some magic under the covers that works more like this: var results = new List<Thing>(); foreach(var t in mythings) if(t.IsSomeValue && t.IsSomeOtherValue) results.Add(t); Or is it something completely different altogether?

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  • Data transfer between "main" site and secured virtual subsite

    - by Emma Burrows
    I am currently working on a C# ASP.Net 3.5 website I wrote some years ago which consists of a "main" public site, and a sub-site which is our customer management application, using forms-based authentication. The sub-site is set up as a virtual folder in IIS and though it's a subfolder of "main", it functions as a separate web app which handles CRUD access to our customer database and is only accessible by our staff. The main site currently includes a form for new leads to fill in, which generates an email to our sales staff so they can contact them and convince them to become customers. If that process is successful, the staff manually enter the information from the email into the database. Not surprisingly, I now have a new requirement to feed the data from the new lead form directly into the database so staff can just check a box for instance to turn the lead into a customer. My question therefore is how to go about doing this? Possible options I've thought of: Move the new lead form into the customer database subsite (with authentication turned off). Add database handling code to the main site. (No, not seriously considering this duplication of effort! :) Design some mechanism (via REST?) so a webpage outside the customer database subsite can feed data into the customer database How to organise the code for this situation, preferably with extensibility in mind, and particularly are there any options I haven't thought of?

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  • On a queue, which end is the "head"?

    - by Aidan Cully
    I had always thought that the "head" of a queue as the next element to be read, and never really questioned that usage. So a linked-list library I wrote, which is used for maintaining queues, codified that terminology: we have a list1_head macro that retrieves the first element; when using this library in a queue, this will be the first element to be removed. But a new developer on the team was used to having queues implemented the other way around. He described a queue as behaving like a dog: you insert at the head, and remove at the tail. This is a clever enough description that I feel like his usage must be more widespread, and I don't have a similarly evocative description of my preferred usage. So, I guess, there are two related questions: 1, what does the "head" of a queue mean to you? and 2, why do we use the word "head" to describe that concept?

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  • MATLAB: Best fitness vs mean fitness, initial range

    - by Sa Ta
    Based on the example of Rastrigin's function. At the plot function, if I chose 'best fitness', on the same graph 'mean fitness' will also be plotted. I understand well about 'best fitness' whereby it plots the best function value in each generation versus iteration number. It will reach value zero after some times. I don't understand about 'mean fitness'in the graph plotted. What do those 'mean fitness' values mean? How does the 'mean fitness' graph help to understand Rastrigin's function? What are the meaning of the term initial population, initial score and initial range? I wish to have a better understanding of these terms. The default value for initial range is [0,1]. Does it mean that 0 is the lower bound (lb) and 1 is the upper bound (ub)? Do these values interfere with the lb and ub values I set in the constraints? I try to better understand about lb and ub. If my lb is 0 and ub is 5, does it mean that my final point values will be within 0 and 5? If I know the lb and ub for my problem is between 0 and 5, do I just set the initial range as [0,5] at all times and may I assume that this is the best option for initial range, and I need not try it with any other values?

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