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• C++ .NET DLL vs C# Managed Code ? (File Encrypting AES-128+XTS)

  - by Ranhiru

  I need to create a Windows Mobile Application (WinMo 6.x - C#) which is used to encrypt/decrypt files. However it is my duty to write the encryption algorithm which is AES-128 along with XTS as the mode of operation. RijndaelManaged just doesn't cut it :( Very much slower than DES and 3DES CryptoServiceProviders :O I know it all depends on how good I am at writing the algorithm in the most efficient way. (And yes I my self have to write it from scratch but i can take a look @ other implementations) Nevertheless, does writing a C++ .NET DLL to create the encryption/decryption algorithm + all the file handling and using it from C# have a significant performance advantage OVER writing the encryption algorithm + file handling in completely managed C# code? If I use C++ .NET to create the encryption algorithm, should I use MFC Smart Device DLL or ATL? What is the difference and is there any impact on which one I choose? And can i just add a reference to the C++ DLL from C# or should I use P/Invoke? I am fairly competent with C# than C++ but performance plays a major role as I have convinced my lecturers that AES is a very efficient cryptographic algorithm for resource constrained devices. Thanx a bunch :)

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• I just wanted to DES 4096 bytes of data with a 128 bits key...

  - by badp

  ...and what the nice folks at OpenSSL gratiously provide me with is this. :) Now, since you shouldn't be guessing when using cryptography, I come here for confirmation: what is the function call I want to use? What I understood A 128 bits key is 16 byte large, so I'll need double DES (2 × 8 byte). This leaves me with only a few function calls: void DES_ede2_cfb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out, long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_cblock *ivec, int *num, int enc); void DES_ede2_cbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output, long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_cblock *ivec, int enc); void DES_ede2_cfb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out, long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_cblock *ivec, int *num, int enc); void DES_ede2_ofb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out, long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_cblock *ivec, int *num); In this case, I guess the function I want to call DES_ede2_cfb64_encrypt, although I'm not so sure -- I definitely don't need padding here and I'd have to care about what ivec and num are, and how I want to generate them... What am I missing?

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• Handbrake-powered VidCoder gets a native 64-bit version

  A while back, VidCoder -- the Windows video disc ripping program -- added support for Blu-ray discs. With Handbrake's engine under the hood, VidCoder offers an easy-to-use interface and simple batch processing of your video files. With the release of version 0.8, there's also now a native 64-bit version for those of you running Windows x64. A number of stability tweaks have also been introduced. As Baz pointed out in our comments last time, VidCoder is particular useful on netbooks. If you've got a 1024x600 screen, Handbrake may not even launch for you -- but VidCoder will fire up just fine. Take the new 64-bit version for a spin, and share your thoughts in the comments. Download VidCoderHandbrake-powered VidCoder gets a native 64-bit version originally appeared on Download Squad on Fri, 07 Jan 2011 17:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.Permalink | Email this | Comments

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• Implementing a bit shift using AND, NOT, ADD [closed]

  - by fdart17

  I'm implementing a 16-bit left bit shift by r bits, and I only have access to AND, NOT and ADD. There are 3 condition codes, negative, zero and positive, which are set when you use any of these operations. How I went about it was : (1) And the number with 1000 0000 0000 0000 to set condition codes to positive if the most significant bit is 1. (2) Add the number with itself. This shifts bits one to the left. (3) If the MSB was 1, add 1 to the result. (4) Loop threw (1)-(3) r times. I'm wondering if anyone has any hints to some more efficient methods? Thanks!

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• Ubuntu One Client 3.02b stuck at "File Sync Starting" on Windows XP 32-bit

  - by user1491665

  I have been using Ubuntu One on Natty on my laptop and (sad) Win-XP 32-bit on my desktop. At first, the sync function worked well on both platforms but now it's stuck at "File sync starting" on Win-XP 32-bit. I have already tried to uninstall it completely (removed device, deleted folder, restarted pc) and reinstall it but no luck. It is able to display a list of "My Personal Folders" though. I did some Google-ing and found someone had similar problem on Win7 64-bit and some said the bug is resolved since version 3. Unfortunately that's not the case for me. As the title suggests, I am running v3.02b on WinXP. Any help / comments would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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• How do I fix VMware “Unidentified Networks” in Windows 7 Professional 64-bit SP1?

  - by Francis

  I have recently installed VMware Workstation 7 onto Windows 7 Professional 64-bit SP1 and both VMnet1 and VMnet8 appeared as "Unidentified Networks". I have tried editing HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class{4D36E972-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}, a tip provided by Mathews (Jul 23, 2009) but both virtual NICs still appeared as "Unidentified Networks". I will need both NICs to be listed as "Work" or "Private" and with Internet Access. What other solutions/workarounds? Thanks!

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• How I shoud use BIT in MS SQL 2005

  - by adopilot

  Regarding to SQL performance. I have Scalar-Valued function for checking some specific condition in base, It returns BIT value True or False, I now do not know how I should fill @BIT parameter If I write. set @bit = convert(bit,1) or set @bit = 1 or set @bit='true' Function will work anyway but I do not know which method is recommended for daily use. Another Question, I have table in my base with around 4 million records, Daily insert is about 4K records in that table. Now I want to add CONSTRAINT on that table whit scalar valued function that I mentioned already Something like this ALTER TABLE fin_stavke ADD CONSTRAINT fin_stavke_knjizenje CHECK ( dbo.fn_ado_chk_fin(id)=convert(bit,1)) Where is filed "id" primary key of table fin_stavke and dbo.fn_ado_chk_fin looks like create FUNCTION fn_ado_chk_fin ( @stavka_id int ) RETURNS bit AS BEGIN declare @bit bit if exists (select * from fin_stavke where id=@stavka_id and doc_id is null and protocol_id is null) begin set @bit=0 end else begin set @bit=1 end return @bit; END GO Will this type and method of cheeking constraint will affect badly performance on my table and SQL at all ? If there is also better way to add control on this table please let me know.

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• 64-bit linux kernel only seeing 3 of 4GB after upgrade...

  - by Blaine

  Hey everyone. I am running Ubuntu 9.04 64-bit on my macbook. I had 2GB of ram before, and everything ran great. I just upgraded to 2x2GB (4GB), but my system only sees 3GB of it. OS X, which I am dual booting, sees all 4GB. Also, my video performance is incredibly lacking. Before the upgrade my compiz benchmark was full at 80fps, and now it is at 22fps with very choppy window dragging. Has anyone ever heard of this on a 64-bit kernel? I just don't quite understand what could be the issue. 10$ uname -a Linux macbook 2.6.28-15-generic #49-Ubuntu SMP Tue Aug 18 19:25:34 UTC 2009 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 2953 1031 1921 0 114 427 -/+ buffers/cache: 489 2463 Swap: 7812 0 7812 9$ lsmod Module Size Used by i915 77960 2 drm 123232 3 i915 binfmt_misc 18572 1 ppdev 16904 0 btusb 21784 2 bridge 63776 0 stp 11140 1 bridge bnep 22912 2 vboxnetadp 109356 0 vboxnetflt 116972 0 vboxdrv 1721612 1 vboxnetflt uvcvideo 69640 0 compat_ioctl32 18304 1 uvcvideo videodev 45184 2 uvcvideo,compat_ioctl32 v4l1_compat 23940 2 uvcvideo,videodev lp 19588 0 parport 49584 2 ppdev,lp snd_hda_intel 557492 3 snd_pcm_oss 52352 0 snd_mixer_oss 24960 1 snd_pcm_oss snd_pcm 99464 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm_oss arc4 10240 2 snd_seq_dummy 11524 0 ecb 11392 2 snd_seq_oss 41984 0 snd_seq_midi 15744 0 snd_rawmidi 33920 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event 16512 2 snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi snd_seq 66272 6 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event ath9k 310584 0 snd_timer 34064 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 16276 5 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq mac80211 251528 1 ath9k iTCO_wdt 21712 0 iTCO_vendor_support 12420 1 iTCO_wdt joydev 20992 0 video 29204 0 snd 78920 15 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm_oss,snd_mixer_oss,snd_pcm,snd_seq_oss,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device applesmc 37700 0 output 11648 1 video soundcore 16800 1 snd pcspkr 11136 0 cfg80211 43680 1 mac80211 appletouch 19972 0 isight_firmware 11520 0 input_polldev 12688 1 applesmc intel_agp 39408 1 snd_page_alloc 18704 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm led_class 13064 2 ath9k,applesmc hid_apple 15872 0 usbhid 47040 0 ohci1394 42164 0 ieee1394 108288 1 ohci1394 sky2 63364 0 fbcon 49792 0 tileblit 11264 1 fbcon font 17024 1 fbcon bitblit 14464 1 fbcon softcursor 10368 1 bitblit Some information from dmesg: [ 795.820163] ACPI: EC: GPE storm detected, transactions will use polling mode [ 1762.709516] [drm:i915_getparam] *ERROR* Unknown parameter 6 [ 1763.078130] [drm:i915_getparam] *ERROR* Unknown parameter 6 [ 2362.760889] [drm:i915_getparam] *ERROR* Unknown parameter 6 [ 2416.352084] ACPI: EC: missing confirmations, switch off interrupt mode. [ 3718.721095] [drm:i915_getparam] *ERROR* Unknown parameter 6 [ 3719.108914] [drm:i915_getparam] *ERROR* Unknown parameter 6 [ 4318.773266] [drm:i915_getparam] *ERROR* Unknown parameter 6 [ 9513.813066] CE: hpet increasing min_delta_ns to 15000 nsec [ 9693.815684] npviewer.bin[6736]

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• Why am I unable to quickly open mapped drives on Windows XP 64-bit?

  - by user11222

  I have two mapped drives on my 64-bit WinXP workstation. I am not getting a quick response when I open the mapped drives and other network folders. It takes nearly 3 minutes to open. My network resources are also not functioning properly. What can I do to fix this? Please help me out.

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• Have 4 GB of memory on 32-bit laptop running Ubuntu -- any way to use it?

  - by Joe Casadonte

  I have 4 GB of memory on a 32-bit laptop (Lenovo T61, in case it matters) running Ubuntu 9.10. Is there any way to make use of it all? Ubuntu only sees 3 GB, of course. Is there any way I can utilize the last GB of memory?

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• where to get an IBM jre for 64-bit Windows?

  - by Michael Mao

  I know this is stupid: I couldn't find anything from IBM website about where to download an IBM jre (specifically, IBM jre1.6.0 J9 2.4 SR6) for a 64-bit Windows OS. Google takes me to a link which looks similar, but that jre would only work on an IBM product, I assume their own server/workstation or something like that. So I've been stuck by this for quite some time... I couldn't believe there is no such a "previous version repository" or something similar on IBM website :( Thanks for any suggestion in advance.

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• " this kernel required an X86-64 CPU, but only detected a i686 CPU"

  - by jy19

  I recently decided to use Virtualbox to run Ubuntu, but I get the message this kernel required an X86-64 CPU, but only detected a i686 CPU I've already enabled virtualization in BIOS, but that doesn't seem to work. Many other solutions suggest that I should download the 32-bit version, and not the 64-bit. I'm not sure about that though, since my computer clearly says "64-bit operating system" under systems. But I might just be mistaken.

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• How to add assemblies in a 64-bit machine?

  - by marko

  My old cmd-script: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\RegAsm blabla.dll C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\GacUtil -i blabla.dll (Which works fine in my old machine.) But now I have a script for a 64-bit machine (Windows Server 2008 R2): C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v2.0.50727\RegAsm blabla.dll C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.1\Bin\NETFX 4.0 Tools\GacUtil -i blabla.dll Then I get this message: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v2.0.50727\RegAsm blabla.dll Microsoft (R) .NET Framework Assembly Registration Utility 2.0.50727.5420 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation 1998-2004. All rights reserved. Types registered successfully C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7 .1\Bin\NETFX 4.0 Tools\GacUtil -i blabla.dll 'C:\Program' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file. The second command is not successful.

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• Could my 64-bit server be somehow identifying itself as a 32-bit server?

  - by Deane

  Has anyone ever heard of a 64-bit OS identifying itself as a 32-bit OS? We have a Windows Server 2008 R2 x64 development server. We've been trying to activate it with a product key from MSDN, but it keeps telling us the the key is invalid. I've opened a ticket with MSDN for this. Then something odd happened -- I tried to install a 64-bit version of SQL Server 2005. After it extracted, we got this message: This version of hotfix.exe is not compatible with the version of Windows you're running. Check your computer's system information to see whether you need an x86 (32-bit) or x64 (64-bit) version of the program... Now, we're pretty sure this is a 64-bit OS. Computer Properties says: System Type: 64-bit Operating System Also, we have both a "Program Files" and a "Program Files (x64)" directory. I don't know how the product key activator or the SQL install program attempts to divine the type of OS, but could it be...wrong?

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• Thunderbird gives " Not enough disk space " alert, after trying to download more emails ( Win 7, 64 bit )

  - by James C

  So, today I have installed Mozilla Thunderbird 24.2.0 on my Windows 7 (64 bit) machine. It was downloading emails, until it hit an error. An alert showed up saying : "There is not enough disk space to download new messages. Try deleting old mail, emptying the Trash folder, and compacting your mail folders, and then try again." Now, disk space is not a problem, there is enough free space left ( almost 50 % of the drive ). How to stop the alert and continue downloading ?

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• Installing Oracle Client 11.1.0.7 on Windows Server 2008 64-bit. What does "Install Location" and "S

  - by Anders

  I am trying to install Oracle Client 11.1.0.7 on a Windows Server 2008 64-bit. To some this might not be rocket science but I can't understand what the options under the install screen "Specify Home Details" mean. The defaults given suggest that I use Oracle Base and install software under my own account name. It also suggests that each user should have a separate Oracle Base. This seems counter intuitive to me. I am doing a server install after all. All I want to use the installation for is to connect to an Oracle Database from Reporting Services. Can I safely ignore this and just accept the defaults? What are the implications if I change the location to a common directory?

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• Can I run ubuntu server 64 bit in a VirtualBox on a macbook host ?

  - by Doron

  Hello, I have a macbook pro with Intel Core 2 Due (It's actually not Pro, but it's a January 2009 unibody macbook - when there were both a unibody macbook, and a unibody macbook pro). I'm a php developer. I just installed a new hard drive, and in an effort to create a better development environment, I decided I'll try to create a virtual machine running ubuntu server. Since I need it to work fast (and since, well - it's just better, even if by a little) and I'll already have a delay due to the nature of the apache server being on a virtual host - I want to install a 64 bit version of ubuntu server. Can VirtualBox handle it? Is it s good idea to create such a development environment ? Thank you.

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• Connecting via ShrewSoft VPN client means no LAN internet access (Windows 7 64 bit) - any advice please?

  - by iwishiknewmoreaboutnetworking

  I have a Windows 7 64 bit desktop machine which is connected to a LAN. I recently installed ShrewSoft VPN client v 2.1.7 on my machine so that I can connect to a license server hosted by my customer. They are running a Cisco VPN server and I originally tried (unsuccessfully!) to use the Cisco VPN client for Windows 64 bit but the default gateway wasn't being configured correctly after loading in my pcf file. Using ShrewSoft I am able to import the same pcf file, and successfully connect to the machine I need to using the VPN client software. The client machine I need to connect to has IP address 1.52.90.33. The problem is that when I am connected to the customer network using the VPN client application (and after a few minutes) I lose my LAN internet connection. I can only presume that this is because, by default the ShrewSoft VPN client application automatically tunnels all traffic through the VPN connection. I know there is an option to switch off the "Tunnel All" option on the Policy tab of the application and enter a Remote Network Resource (to "Include" or "Exclude") as "Address" and "Netmask" IP addresses however I am not sure what I need to enter here. Here is my ipconfig output before connecting to the VPN (with suffixes blanked out): Windows IP Configuration Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : ***.*** Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::8de3:9dbe:393a:33ba%11 IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 150.237.13.17 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 150.237.13.1 Tunnel adapter 6TO4 Adapter: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : ***.*** IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2002:96ed:d11::96ed:d11 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 2002:c058:6301::c058:6301 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 9: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:0:4137:9e76:2cf9:38c4:6912:f2ee Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::2cf9:38c4:6912:f2ee%12 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : Tunnel adapter isatap.***.***: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : ***.*** Here is my route print output before connecting to the VPN: =========================================================================== Interface List 11...20 cf 30 9d ec 2a ......Realtek RTL8168D/8111D Family PCI-E Gigabit Ethern et NIC (NDIS 6.20) 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 14...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft 6to4 Adapter 12...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface 13...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2 =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 150.237.13.1 150.237.13.17 2 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 150.237.13.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 150.237.13.17 257 150.237.13.17 255.255.255.255 On-link 150.237.13.17 257 150.237.13.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 150.237.13.17 257 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 150.237.13.17 257 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 12

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• Cannot install Java 7 update 9 32-bit on Win 7 64

  - by J. Parrino

  As there were several versons of Java on my laptop, I decided to uninstall them all and reinstall only the current version. I uninstalled all 64-bit and 32-bit versions using Revo Uninstaller. After dowloading the current versions, when attempting to install them, I get a message that both the 64-bit and 32-bit versions cannot be installed as they are already installed. Both the Windows 7 Programs and Features and Revo show no Java installed at al. I then tried the Microsoft Fixit for install and uninstall issues (KB 2438651). I was then able to install the 64-bit version, but continued to have the issue with the 32-bit version. I ran CCleaner, Glary Utilities and Auslogics Registry Cleaner, and noticed Java keys that were to be uninstalled. After cleaning the registry, I attemped to install the 32-bit version of Java once more, to no avail. Any suggestions on how to rectify this problem? Thank you for any guidance you can provide.

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• How do uppercase and lowercase letters differ by only one bit?

  - by Vibhakar SInha

  I have found one example in Data and Communication Networking book written by Behrouza Forouzan regarding upper- and lowercase letters which differ by only one bit in the 7 bit code. For example, character A is 1000001 (0x41) and character a is 1100001 (0x61).The difference is in bit 6, which is 0 in uppercase letters and 1 in lowercase letters. If we know the code for one case, we can easily find the code for the other by adding or subtracting 32 in decimal, or we can just flip the sixth bit. What does all this mean? I have found myself very confused with all these things. Could someone provide examples of how these things really work out?

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• Tomcat on Windows x64 using 32-bit JDK

  - by Erik

  Hoping someone can help. The rub: I can't get Tomcat 5.5 to start as a windows service on 64-bit windows using a 32-bit JDK. the details: I've been running Tomcat 5.5 on Windows Server 2008 (x64) as a service for some time using a 64-bit JDK. I'm being forced to install a 32-bit JDK on this 64-bit machine so I can make use of the Java JAI libraries (no 64-bit JAI version). I have to run Tomcat using this 32-bit JDK. I can run Tomcat using the 32-bit JDK if I start it using /bin/startup.bat Problem is, it will not start as a windows service. I'm using the Tomcat bundled procrun executables. Has anyone had success starting Tomcat as a service using a 32-bit JDK on a 64-bit machine? Thanks for your expertise.

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• What is a good 64-bit NASM assembly reference?

  - by Xill

  I have been able to find plenty of 16 and 32-bit NASM assembly references like here, but the only thing I could find on 64-bit NASM was what was in the small section of the NASM manual here. Are there any good sites or books that would have a better explanation of 64-bit assembly (Windows or Linux/Unix) with some good code examples?

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• Understanding .NET application options for 32 and 64-bit systems

  64-bit systems have finally gone mainstream. As a .NET developer, you generally don't need to pay specific attention to the operating system's bitness. However, to fully utilize the benefits of 64-bit systems, you need to be aware of several different options.

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• Exception Handling Differences Between 32/64 Bit

  - by Alois Kraus

  I do quite a bit of debugging .NET applications but from time to time I see things that are impossible (at a first look). I may ask you dear reader what your mental exception handling model is. Exception handling is easy after all right? Lets suppose the following code:         private void F1(object sender, EventArgs e)         {             try             {                 F2();             }             catch (Exception ex)             {                 throw new Exception("even worse Exception");             }           }           private void F2()         {             try             {                 F3();             }             finally             {                 throw new Exception("other exception");             }         }           private void F3()         {             throw new NotImplementedException();         }   What will the call stack look like when you break into the catch(Exception) clause in Windbg (32 and 64 bit on .NET 3.5 SP1)? The mental model I have is that when an exception is thrown the stack frames are unwound until the catch handler can execute. An exception does propagate the call chain upwards.   So when F3 does throw an exception the control flow will resume at the finally handler in F2 which does throw another exception hiding the original one (that is nasty) and then the new Exception will be catched in F1 where the catch handler is executed. So we should see in the catch handler in F1 as call stack only the F1 stack frame right? Well lets try it out in Windbg. For this I created a simple Windows Forms application with one button which does execute the F1 method in its click handler. When you compile the application for 64 bit and the catch handler is reached you will find with the following commands in Windbg   Load sos extension from the same path where mscorwks was loaded in the current process .loadby sos mscorwks   Beak on clr exceptions sxe clr   Continue execution g   Dump mixed call stack container C++  and .NET Stacks interleaved 0:000> !DumpStack OS Thread Id: 0x1d8 (0) Child-SP         RetAddr          Call Site 00000000002c88c0 000007fefa68f0bd KERNELBASE!RaiseException+0x39 00000000002c8990 000007fefac42ed0 mscorwks!RaiseTheExceptionInternalOnly+0x295 00000000002c8a60 000007ff005dd7f4 mscorwks!JIT_Throw+0x130 00000000002c8c10 000007fefa6942e1 WindowsFormsApplication1!WindowsFormsApplication1.Form1.F1(System.Object, System.EventArgs)+0xb4 00000000002c8c60 000007fefa661012 mscorwks!ExceptionTracker::CallHandler+0x145 00000000002c8d60 000007fefa711a72 mscorwks!ExceptionTracker::CallCatchHandler+0x9e 00000000002c8df0 0000000077b055cd mscorwks!ProcessCLRException+0x25e 00000000002c8e90 0000000077ae55f8 ntdll!RtlpExecuteHandlerForUnwind+0xd 00000000002c8ec0 000007fefa637c1a ntdll!RtlUnwindEx+0x539 00000000002c9560 000007fefa711a21 mscorwks!ClrUnwindEx+0x36 00000000002c9a70 0000000077b0554d mscorwks!ProcessCLRException+0x20d 00000000002c9b10 0000000077ae5d1c ntdll!RtlpExecuteHandlerForException+0xd 00000000002c9b40 0000000077b1fe48 ntdll!RtlDispatchException+0x3cb 00000000002ca220 000007fefdaeaa7d ntdll!KiUserExceptionDispatcher+0x2e 00000000002ca7e0 000007fefa68f0bd KERNELBASE!RaiseException+0x39 00000000002ca8b0 000007fefac42ed0 mscorwks!RaiseTheExceptionInternalOnly+0x295 00000000002ca980 000007ff005dd8df mscorwks!JIT_Throw+0x130 00000000002cab30 000007fefa6942e1 WindowsFormsApplication1!WindowsFormsApplication1.Form1.F2()+0x9f 00000000002cab80 000007fefa71b5b3 mscorwks!ExceptionTracker::CallHandler+0x145 00000000002cac80 000007fefa70dcd0 mscorwks!ExceptionTracker::ProcessManagedCallFrame+0x683 00000000002caed0 000007fefa7119af mscorwks!ExceptionTracker::ProcessOSExceptionNotification+0x430 00000000002cbd90 0000000077b055cd mscorwks!ProcessCLRException+0x19b 00000000002cbe30 0000000077ae55f8 ntdll!RtlpExecuteHandlerForUnwind+0xd 00000000002cbe60 000007fefa637c1a ntdll!RtlUnwindEx+0x539 00000000002cc500 000007fefa711a21 mscorwks!ClrUnwindEx+0x36 00000000002cca10 0000000077b0554d mscorwks!ProcessCLRException+0x20d 00000000002ccab0 0000000077ae5d1c ntdll!RtlpExecuteHandlerForException+0xd 00000000002ccae0 0000000077b1fe48 ntdll!RtlDispatchException+0x3cb 00000000002cd1c0 000007fefdaeaa7d ntdll!KiUserExceptionDispatcher+0x2e 00000000002cd780 000007fefa68f0bd KERNELBASE!RaiseException+0x39 00000000002cd850 000007fefac42ed0 mscorwks!RaiseTheExceptionInternalOnly+0x295 00000000002cd920 000007ff005dd968 mscorwks!JIT_Throw+0x130 00000000002cdad0 000007ff005dd875 WindowsFormsApplication1!WindowsFormsApplication1.Form1.F3()+0x48 00000000002cdb10 000007ff005dd786 WindowsFormsApplication1!WindowsFormsApplication1.Form1.F2()+0x35 00000000002cdb60 000007ff005dbe6a WindowsFormsApplication1!WindowsFormsApplication1.Form1.F1(System.Object, System.EventArgs)+0x46 00000000002cdbc0 000007ff005dd452 System_Windows_Forms!System.Windows.Forms.Control.OnClick(System.EventArgs)+0x5a   Hm okaaay. I see my method F1 two times in this call stack. Looks like we did get some recursion bug. But that can´t be given the obvious code above. Let´s try the same thing in a 32 bit process.  0:000> !DumpStack OS Thread Id: 0x33e4 (0) Current frame: KERNELBASE!RaiseException+0x58 ChildEBP RetAddr  Caller,Callee 0028ed38 767db727 KERNELBASE!RaiseException+0x58, calling ntdll!RtlRaiseException 0028ed4c 68b9008c mscorwks!Binder::RawGetClass+0x20, calling mscorwks!Module::LookupTypeDef 0028ed5c 68b904ff mscorwks!Binder::IsClass+0x23, calling mscorwks!Binder::RawGetClass 0028ed68 68bfb96f mscorwks!Binder::IsException+0x14, calling mscorwks!Binder::IsClass 0028ed78 68bfb996 mscorwks!IsExceptionOfType+0x23, calling mscorwks!Binder::IsException 0028ed80 68bfbb1c mscorwks!RaiseTheExceptionInternalOnly+0x2a8, calling KERNEL32!RaiseExceptionStub 0028eda8 68ba0713 mscorwks!Module::ResolveStringRef+0xe0, calling mscorwks!BaseDomain::GetStringObjRefPtrFromUnicodeString 0028edc8 68b91e8d mscorwks!SetObjectReferenceUnchecked+0x19 0028ede0 68c8e910 mscorwks!JIT_Throw+0xfc, calling mscorwks!RaiseTheExceptionInternalOnly 0028ee44 68c8e734 mscorwks!JIT_StrCns+0x22, calling mscorwks!LazyMachStateCaptureState 0028ee54 68c8e865 mscorwks!JIT_Throw+0x1e, calling mscorwks!LazyMachStateCaptureState 0028eea4 02ffaecd (MethodDesc 0x7af08c +0x7d WindowsFormsApplication1.Form1.F1(System.Object, System.EventArgs)), calling mscorwks!JIT_Throw 0028eeec 02ffaf19 (MethodDesc 0x7af098 +0x29 WindowsFormsApplication1.Form1.F2()), calling 06370634 0028ef58 02ffae37 (MethodDesc 0x7a7bb0 +0x4f System.Windows.Forms.Control.OnClick(System.EventArgs))   That does look more familar. The call stack has been unwound and we do see only some frames into the history where the debugger was smart enough to find out that we have called F2 from F1. The exception handling on 64 bit systems does work quite differently which seems to have the nice property to remember the called methods not only during the first pass of exception filter clauses (during first pass all catch handler are called if they are going to catch the exception which is about to be thrown)  but also when the actual stack unwind has taken place. This makes it possible to follow not only the call stack right at the moment but also to look into the “history” of the catch/finally clauses. In a 64 bit process you only need to look at the ExceptionTracker to find out if a catch or finally handler was called. The two frames ProcessManagedCallFrame/CallHandler does indicate a finally clause whereas CallCatchHandler/CallHandler indicates a catch clause. That was a interesting one. Oh and by the way if you manage to load the Microsoft symbols you can also find out the hidden exception which. When you encounter in the call stack a line 0016eb34 75b79617 KERNELBASE!RaiseException+0x58 ====> Exception Code e0434f4d cxr@16e850 exr@16e838 Then it is a good idea to execute .exr 16e838 !analyze –v to find out more. In the managed world it is even easier since we can dump the objects allocated on the stack which have not yet been garbage collected to look at former method parameters. The command !dso which is the abbreviation for dump stack objects will give you 0:000> !dso OS Thread Id: 0x46c (0) ESP/REG  Object   Name 0016dd4c 020737f0 System.Exception 0016dd98 020737f0 System.Exception 0016dda8 01f5c6cc System.Windows.Forms.Button 0016ddac 01f5d2b8 System.EventHandler 0016ddb0 02071744 System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs 0016ddc0 01f5d2b8 System.EventHandler 0016ddcc 01f5c6cc System.Windows.Forms.Button 0016dddc 020737f0 System.Exception 0016dde4 01f5d2b8 System.EventHandler 0016ddec 02071744 System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs 0016de40 020737f0 System.Exception 0016de80 02071744 System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs 0016de8c 01f5d2b8 System.EventHandler 0016de90 01f5c6cc System.Windows.Forms.Button 0016df10 02073784 System.SByte[] 0016df5c 02073684 System.NotImplementedException 0016e2a0 02073684 System.NotImplementedException 0016e2e8 01ed69f4 System.Resources.ResourceManager From there it is easy to do 0:000> !pe 02073684 Exception object: 02073684 Exception type: System.NotImplementedException Message: Die Methode oder der Vorgang sind nicht implementiert. InnerException: <none> StackTrace (generated):     SP       IP       Function     0016ECB0 006904AD WindowsFormsApplication2!WindowsFormsApplication2.Form1.F3()+0x35     0016ECC0 00690411 WindowsFormsApplication2!WindowsFormsApplication2.Form1.F2()+0x29     0016ECF0 0069038F WindowsFormsApplication2!WindowsFormsApplication2.Form1.F1(System.Object, System.EventArgs)+0x3f StackTraceString: <none> HResult: 80004001 to see the former exception. That´s all for today.

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• Concept of bit fields

  - by user1369975

  Whenever I read a code like this: struct node { int x : 2; int p : 4; }n; with bit fields involved, I get really confused, as to how they are represented in memory, what is sizeof(n) etc., how does it differ with normal members of structures? I tried referring K&R and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_field but they little to remove my confusion. What concepts of bit fields am I failing to grasp?

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