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• Can Scala be considered a functional superset of Java?

  - by Giorgio

  Apart from the differences in syntax, can Scala be considered a superset of Java that adds the functional paradigm to the object-oriented paradigm? Or are there any major features in Java for which there is no direct Scala equivalent? With major features I mean program constructs that would force me to heavily rewrite / restructure my code, e.g., if I had to port a Java program to Scala. Or can I expect that, given a Java program, I can port it to Scala almost line-by-line?

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• Has MyEclipse implicit breakpoint in debugging mode in class URLClassPath [migrated]

  - by MJM

  I am beginner in MyEclipse IDEA. I using 8.6.1 version of it. My issue is: When I execute my program in debug mode, MyEclipse go to sun.misc.URLClassPath class and I must Resume breakpoint(by pressing F8 key) and continue executing my program. MyEclipse stay in URLClassPath class in following thread stack: 1. URLClassPath$JarLoader.<init>(URL, URLStreamHandler, HashMap) line: 581 2. URLClassPath$JarLoader.ensureOpen() line: 631 3. URLClassPath$JarLoader.getJarFile(URL) line: 641 4. URLClassPath$JarLoader.ensureOpen() line: 631 Note: this event happen when some jar file exist in my project Build-Path but when my application is simple this problem don't make and first breakpoint is my first breakpoint. Why this event happened?

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• Nested Classes: A useful tool or an encapsulation violation?

  - by Bryan Harrington

  So I'm still on the fence as to whether or not I should be using these or not. I feel its an extreme violation of encapsulation, however I find that I am able to achieve some degree of encapsulation while gaining more flexibility in my code. Previous Java/Swing projects I had used nested classes to some degree, However now I have moved into other projects in C# and I am avoid their use. How do you feel about nested classes?

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• How do you version/track changes to SQL tables?

  - by gabe.

  When working in a team of developers, where everyone is making changes to local tables, and development tables, how do you keep all the changes in sync? A central log file where everyone keeps their sql changes? A wiki page to track alter table statements, individual .sql files that the devs can run to bring their local db's to the latest version? I've used some of these solutions, and I'm tyring to get a good solid solution together that works, so I'd appreciate your ideas.

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• How do I create my own programming language and a compiler for it

  - by Dave

  I am thorough with programming and have come across languages including BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, LISP, LOGO, Java, C++, C, MATLAB, Mathematica, Python, Ruby, Perl, JavaScript, Assembly and so on. I can't understand how people create programming languages and devise compilers for it. I also couldn't understand how people create OS like Windows, Mac, UNIX, DOS and so on. The other thing that is mysterious to me is how people create libraries like OpenGL, OpenCL, OpenCV, Cocoa, MFC and so on. The last thing I am unable to figure out is how scientists devise an assembly language and an assembler for a microprocessor. I would really like to learn all of these stuff and I am 15 years old. I always wanted to be a computer scientist someone like Babbage, Turing, Shannon, or Dennis Ritchie. I have already read Aho's Compiler Design and Tanenbaum's OS concepts book and they all only discuss concepts and code in a high level. They don't go into the details and nuances and how to devise a compiler or operating system. I want a concrete understanding so that I can create one myself and not just an understanding of what a thread, semaphore, process, or parsing is. I asked my brother about all this. He is a SB student in EECS at MIT and hasn't got a clue of how to actually create all these stuff in the real world. All he knows is just an understanding of Compiler Design and OS concepts like the ones that you guys have mentioned (i.e. like Thread, Synchronization, Concurrency, memory management, Lexical Analysis, Intermediate code generation and so on)

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• Music Notation Editor - Refactoring view creation logic elseware

  - by Cyril Silverman

  Let me preface by saying that knowing some elementary music theory and music notation may be helpful in grasping the problem at hand. I'm currently building a Music Notation and Tablature Editor (in Javascript). But I've come to a point where the core parts of the program are more or less there. All functionality I plan to add at this point will really build off the foundation that I've created. As a result, I want to refactor to really solidify my code. I'm using an API called VexFlow to render notation. Basically I pass the parts of the editor's state to VexFlow to build the graphical representation of the score. Here is a rough and stripped down UML diagram showing you the outline of my program: In essence, a Part has many Measures which has many Notes which has many NoteItems (yes, this is semantically weird, as a chord is represented as a Note with multiple NoteItems, individual pitches or fret positions). All of the relationships are bi-directional. There are a few problems with my design because my Measure class contains the majority of the entire application view logic. The class holds the data about all VexFlow objects (the graphical representation of the score). It contains the graphical Staff object and the graphical notes. (Shouldn't these be placed somewhere else in the program?) While VexFlowFactory deals with actual creation (and some processing) of most of the VexFlow objects, Measure still "directs" the creation of all the objects and what order they are supposed to be created in for both the VexFlowStaff and VexFlowNotes. I'm not looking for a specific answer as you'd need a much deeper understanding of my code. Just a general direction to go in. Here's a thought I had, create an MeasureView/NoteView/PartView classes that contains the basic VexFlow objects for each class in addition to any extraneous logic for it's creation? but where would these views be contained? Do I create a ScoreView that is a parallel graphical representation of everything? So that ScoreView.render() would cascade down PartView and call render for each PartView and casade down into each MeasureView, etc. Again, I just have no idea what direction to go in. The more I think about it, the more ways to go seem to pop into my head. I tried to be as concise and simplistic as possible while still getting my problem across. Please feel free to ask me any questions if anything is unclear. It's quite a struggle trying to dumb down a complicated problem to its core parts.

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• Tracking contributions from contributors not using git

  - by alex.jordan

  I have a central git repo located on a server. I have many contributors that are not tech savvy, do not have server access, and do not know anything about git. But they are able to contribute via the project's web side. Each of them logs on via a web browser and contributes to the project. I have set things up so that when they log on, each user's contributions are made into a cloned repo on the server that is specifically for that user. Periodically, I log on to the server, visit each of their repos, and do a git diff to make sure they haven't done anything bad. If all is well, I commit their changes and push them to the central repo. Of course I need to manually look at their changes so that I can add an appropriate commit message. But I would also like to track who made the changes. I am making the commit, and I (and the web server) are the only users that are actually writing anything to the server. I could track this in the commit messages. While this strikes me as wrong, if this is my only option, is there a way to make userx's cloned repo always include "userx: " before each commit message that I add, so that I do not have to remind myself which user's repo I am in? Or even better, is there an easy way for me to make the commit, but in such a way as I credit the user whose cloned repo I am in?

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• String contains trailing zeroes when converted from decimal [migrated]

  - by Locke

  I've run into an unusual quirk in a program I'm writing, and I was trying to figure out if anyone knew the cause. Note that fixing the issue is easy enough. I just can't figure out why it is happening in the first place. I have a WinForms program written in VB.NET that is displaying a subset of data. It contains a few labels that show numeric values (the .Text property of the labels are being assigned directly from the Decimal values). These numbers are being returned by a DLL I wrote in C#. The DLL calls a webservice which initially returns the values in question. It returns one as a string, the other as a decimal (I don't have any control over the webservice, I just consume it). The DLL assigns these to properties on an object (both of which are decimals) then returns that object back to the WinForm program that called the DLL. Obviously, there's a lot of other data being consumed from the webservice, but no other operations are happening which could modify these properties. So, the short version is: WinForm requests a new Foo from the DLL. DLL creates object Foo. DLL calls webservice, which returns SomeOtherFoo. //Both Foo.Bar1 and Foo.Bar2 are decimals Foo.Bar1 = decimal.Parse(SomeOtherFoo.Bar1); //SomeOtherFoo.Bar1 is a string equal to "2.9000" Foo.Bar2 = SomeOtherFoo.Bar2; //SomeOtherFoo.Bar2 is a decimal equal to 2.9D DLL returns Foo to WinForm. WinForm.lblMockLabelName1.Text = Foo.Bar1 //Inspecting Foo.Bar1 indicates my value is 2.9D WinForm.lblMockLabelName2.Text = Foo.Bar2 //Inspecting Foo.Bar2 also indicates I'm 2.9D So, what's the quirk? WinForm.lblMockLabelName1.Text displays as "2.9000", whereas WinForm.lblMockLabelname2.Text displays as "2.9". Now, everything I know about C# and VB indicates that the format of the string which was initially parsed into the decimal should have no bearing on the outcome of a later decimal.ToString() operation called on the same decimal. I would expect that decimal.Parse(someDecimalString).ToString() would return the string without any trailing zeroes. Everything I find online seems to corroborate this (there are countless Stack Overflow questions asking exactly the opposite...how to keep the formatting from the initial parsing). At the moment, I've just removed the trailing zeroes from the initial string that gets parsed, which has hidden the quirk. However, I'd love to know why it happens in the first place.

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• When does the "Do One Thing" paradigm become harmful?

  - by Petr

  For the sake of argument here's a sample function that prints contents of a given file line-by-line. Version 1: void printFile(const string & filePath) { fstream file(filePath, ios::in); string line; while (file.good()) { getline(file, line); cout << line << endl; } } I know it is recommended that functions do one thing at one level of abstraction. To me, though code above does pretty much one thing and is fairly atomic. Some books (such as Robert C. Martin's Clean Code) seem to suggest breaking the above code into separate functions. Version 2: void printLine(const string & line) { cout << line << endl; } void printLines(fstream & file) { string line; while (file.good()) { getline(file, line); printLine(line); } } void printFile(const string & filePath) { fstream file(filePath, ios::in); printLines(file); } I understand what they want to achieve (open file / read lines / print line), but isn't it a bit of overkill? The original version is simple and in some sense already does one thing - prints a file. The second version will lead to a large number of really small functions which may be far less legible than the first version. Wouldn't it be, in this case, better to have the code at one place? At which point does the "Do One Thing" paradigm become harmful?

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• Is there an open-source project that can be an example of well-written code?

  - by Renato Dinhani Conceição

  The title express my intention. I want to see the code of a big project that can be considered a good example of good code writing (clean code, modularization, comments, etc.) I don't want to know if the tool is good or not, but only how the code IS. There is some project that can be used as example? I'm asking this because must great projects have their flaws, some pieces or entire code that appears to be writing to a new person presented to system development (I think that maybe everyone do this in some part of their projects).

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• Role of linking, object files and executables

  - by Tim

  For a C or assembly program that does not require any other library, will linking be necessary? In other words, will conversion from C to Assembly and/or from Assembly to an object file be enough without being followed by linking? If linking is still needed, what will it do, given that there is just one object file which doesn't need a library to link to? Relatedly, how different are object files and executable files, given that in Linux, both have file format ELF? Are object files those ELF files that are not runnable? Are there some executable files that can be linked to object files? If yes, does it mean dynamical linking of executables to shared libraries?

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• Does semi-normalization exist as a concept? Is it "normalized"?

  - by Gracchus

  If you don't mind, a tldr on my experience: My experience tldr I have an application that's heavily dependent upon uncertainty, a bane to database design. I tried to normalize it as best as I could according to the capabilities of my database of choice, but a "simple" query took 50ms to read. Nosql appeals to me, but I can't trust myself with it, and besides, normalization has cut down my debugging time immensely over and over. Instead of 100% normalization, I made semi-redundant 1:1 tables with very wide primary keys and equivalent foreign keys. Read times dropped to a few ms, and write times barely degraded. The semi-normalized point Given this reality, that anyone who's tried to rely upon views of fully normalized data is aware of, is this concept codified? Is it as simple as having wide unique and foreign keys, or are there any hidden secrets to this technique? Or is uncertainty merely a special case that has extremely limited application and can be left on the ash heap?

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• Your software-problem-solution approach

  - by Panoy

  I am unfamiliar with many software development philosophies/approaches such as these: DDD - Domain Driven Development Design TDD - Test Driven Development BDD - Behavior Driven Development Other 3-letter acronym that ends with "development" and many more My question is, when will you get to decide to choose what kind of philosophy/approach to follow? Especially the top 3 approach in the list: What is TDD for? Why use DDD for this problem? Mainly your answer would be a case-to-case basis or maybe that there is no single universal philosophy/approach to consider. In that case, could you just tell me what type of project/scenario and why did you use that philosophy/approach.

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• Why is a small fixed vocabulary seen as an advantage to RESTful services?

  - by Matt Esch

  So, a RESTful service has a fixed set of verbs in its vocabulary. A RESTful web service takes these from the HTTP methods. There are some supposed advantages to defining a fixed vocabulary, but I don't really grasp the point. Maybe someone can explain it. Why is a fixed vocabulary as outlined by REST better than dynamically defining a vocabulary for each state? For example, object oriented programming is a popular paradigm. RPC is described to define fixed interfaces, but I don't know why people assume that RPC is limited by these contraints. We could dynamically specify the interface just as a RESTful service dynamically describes its content structure. REST is supposed to be advantageous in that it can grow without extending the vocabulary. RESTful services grow dynamically by adding more resources. What's so wrong about extending a service by dynamically specifying a per-object vocabulary? Why don't we just use the methods that are defined on our objects as the vocabulary and have our services describe to the client what these methods are and whether or not they have side effects? Essentially I get the feeling that the description of a server side resource structure is equivalent to the definition of a vocabulary, but we are then forced to use the limited vocabulary in which to interact with these resources. Does a fixed vocabulary really decouple the concerns of the client from the concerns of the server? I surely have to be concerned with some configuration of the server, this is normally resource location in RESTful services. To complain at the use of a dynamic vocabulary seems unfair because we have to dynamically reason how to understand this configuration in some way anyway. A RESTful service describes the transitions you are able to make by identifying object structure through hypermedia. I just don't understand what makes a fixed vocabulary any better than any self-describing dynamic vocabulary, which could easily work very well in an RPC-like service. Is this just a poor reasoning for the limiting vocabulary of the HTTP protocol?

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• Is Query Performance different for different versions of SQL Server?

  - by Ronak Mathia

  I have fired 3 update queries in my stored procedure for 3 different tables. Each table contains almost 2,00,000 records and all records have to be updated. I am using indexing to speed up the performance. It quite working well with SQL Server 2008. stored procedure takes only 12 to 15 minutes to execute. (updates almost 1000 rows in 1 second in all three tables) But when I run same scenario with SQL Server 2008 R2 then stored procedure takes more time to complete execution. its about 55 to 60 minutes. (updates almost 100 rows in 1 second in all three tables). I couldn't find any reason or solution for that. I have also tested same scenario with SQL Server 2012. but result is same as above. Please give suggestions.

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• Is "as long as it works" the norm?

  - by q303

  Hi, My last shop did not have a process. Agile essentially meant they did not have a plan at all about how to develop or manage their projects. It meant "hey, here's a ton of work. Go do it in two weeks. We're fast paced and agile." They released stuff that they knew had problems. They didn't care how things were written. There were no code reviews--despite there being several developers. They released software they knew to be buggy. At my previous job, people had the attitude as long as it works, it's fine. When I asked for a rewrite of some code I had written while we were essentially exploring the spec, they denied it. I wanted to rewrite the code because code was repeated in multiple places, there was no encapsulation and it took people a long time to make changes to it. So essentially, my impression is this: programming boils down to the following: Reading some book about the latest tool/technology Throwing code together based on this, avoiding writing any individual code because the company doesn't want to "maintain custom code" Showing it and moving on to the next thing, "as long as it works." I've always told myself that next job I'm going to get a better shop. It never happens. If this is it, then I feel stuck. The technologies always change; if the only professional development here is reading the latest MS Press technology book, then what have you built in 10 years but a superficial knowledge of various technologies? I'm concerned about: Best way to have professional standards How to develop meaningful knowledge and experience in this situation

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• Looking software for making an animated cartoon to present a new application/scenario idea

  - by Skarab

  I have an idea for an application (+usage scenario) and I would like to create an animated cartoon that shows a use case for this application and its novelty. My company is a rather big so I am looking for an interesting way to get people know my idea to get feedback/get a green light to further develop it. Therefore I am looking for an application (free or commercial) that I could use to realize such an animated cartoon. I have posted this quesion before on stackoverflow, but I think this might be a better community to ask such a question.

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• REST and PayPal

  - by Nikolay Fominyh

  Is it ok to query REST API and get redirect to third party from it, or it is only about resources? Let's look at following scenario: User gets to payment page User clicks on "Pay using paypal button" API query PayPal for redirect url API returns redirect url in response. Client side redirect goes here. User does PayPal routine and returns with token User query API with token API do token check and adds money Is this scenario complex for REST architecture?

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• What relationship do software Scrum or Lean have to industrial engineering concepts like theory of constraints?

  - by DeveloperDon

  In Scrum, work is delivered to customers through a series of sprints in which project work is time boxed to a fixed number of days or weeks, usually 30 days. In lean software development, the goal is to deliver as soon as possible, permitting early feedback for the next iteration. Both techniques stress the importance of workflow in which software work product does not accumulate in development awaiting release at some future date. Both permit new or refined requirements and feedback from QA and customers to be acted on with as little delay as possible based on priority. A few years ago I heard a lecture where the speaker talked briefly about a family of concepts from industrial engineering called theory of constraints. In the factory, they use an operations model based on three components: drum, buffer, and rope. The drum synchronizes work product as it flows through the system. Buffers that protect the system by holding output from one stage as it waits to be consumed by the next. The rope pulls product from one work station to the next. Historically, are these ideas part of the heritage of Scrum and Lean, or are they on a separate track? It we wanted to think about Scrum and Lean in terms of drum-buffer-rope, what are the parts? Drum = {daily scrum meeting, monthly release)? Buffer = {burn down list, source control system)? Rope = { daily meeting, constant integration server, monthly releases}? Industrial engineers define work flow in terms of different kinds of factories. I-Factories: straight pipeline. One input, one output. A-Factories: many inputs and one output. V-Factories: one input, many output products. T-Plants: many inputs, many outputs. If it applies, what kind of factory is most like Scrum or Lean and why?

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• Recreate JoliCloud app list

  - by Josh

  I was wondering if there was any tutorial on how to recreate the pagination system used on JoliCloud. The system shows the amount of pages at the bottom along with what page you are on. It is kind of like the iOS springboard. I would like for it to get the apps via a MySQL query, but that's besides the point. I've searched Google and have found no answers on how to do this. A screen shot of the pagination system is below.

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• How to write a product definition?

  - by Skarab

  I would like to learn how to write a software product definition. Therefore I am looking for online materials or books, which would help me to learn more about this topic. I would like to learn: what must be in what must not to be in how to make a product definition to sell internally the product finding balance between use case descriptions (the why), and feature descriptions (the how). ... I am aware that it is not something that can learn in 15 minutes but I think such a discussion could help me to have a good start.

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• Run On Sentences in Technical Writing

  - by Sean Noodleson Neilan

  This is just a question to think about. When you write technical documentation and programming comments, do you ever find yourself writing run-on sentences in order to be more precise? Is packing more technical information into one sentence better than creating many little sentences each with a little bit of technical information? I know it's better to have lots of little classes in their own little files. Perhaps this doesn't apply to writing?

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• What to do when issue-tracker is down?

  - by Pablo

  It has happened in our team that our issue-tracker is down. Happens about once a week now (yes, wow), and there's not really much we can do to get it back up, since it's hosted by our client in a different timezone. It sometimes takes several hours for it to be operative again. In the meanwhile, we can't really tell which issues we were working on, and in case we do, we cannot update those issues, as in moving them through the workflow, logging used hours, checking the issue's description, leaving comments, and so on. So the question is: how can we, as a team, work in the meanwhile so that when the issue-tracker is up again, we have the least possible hassle updating it with what we've been working?

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• Zooming options terminology

  - by Mark

  I've come up with 4 different ways to fit an image inside a viewing region, but I'm trouble coming up with names for them. Perhaps someone can suggest some? Fit image in viewing region, do not enlarge if image is smaller Size image so it fits snuggly inside the viewing region (enlarge if necessary) -- the image is as large as possible while still fitting within the viewing region Size image so that it fills the entire viewing region -- the image will be the same size or bigger than the viewing region 1:1 ratio; 1 pixel in the image corresponds to 1 pixel on screen All zooming options maintain aspect ratio. Stretching is just ugly, so it's not an option :)

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• When to do Code Review

  - by mcass20

  We have recently moved to a scrum process and are working on tasks and user stories inside of sprints. We would like to do code reviews frequently to make them less daunting. We are thinking that doing them on a user story level but are unsure how to branch our code to account for this. We are using VS and TFS 2010 and we are a team of 6. We currently branch for features but are working on changing to branching for scrum. We do not currently use shelvesets and don't really want to implement if there are other techniques available. How do you recommend we implement code review per user story?

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