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  • Shortest Common Superstring: find shortest string that contains all given string fragments

    - by occulus
    Given some string fragments, I would like to find the shortest possible single string ("output string") that contains all the fragments. Fragments can overlap each other in the output string. Example: For the string fragments: BCDA AGF ABC The following output string contains all fragments, and was made by naive appending: BCDAAGFABC However this output string is better (shorter), as it employs overlaps: ABCDAGF ^ ABC ^ BCDA ^ AGF I'm looking for algorithms for this problem. It's not absolutely important to find the strictly shortest output string, but the shorter the better. I'm looking for an algorithm better than the obvious naive one that would try appending all permutations of the input fragments and removing overlaps (which would appear to be NP-Complete). I've started work on a solution and it's proving quite interesting; I'd like to see what other people might come up with. I'll add my work-in-progress to this question in a while.

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  • What's the best structure for a repository?

    - by jpmelos
    I've looked into many open source software repositories, and I've found some common elements and somethings people do in different fashion from one another. For example, every repository has a README file, a INSTALL file, a COPYING file and stuff like that. Other things differ: Some projects, like git, have their source code in the root level, while others have the source code in a src/ folder and others, like the Linux kernel, have the source code spread in different folders in root level, that divide code by areas; Some have their tests in a t/ folder, while others in a tests/ folder, or named otherwise; Some have files about submitting patches and who the maintainers are, and those might be inside some Documentation/ or in the root level. Are there recommendations? A best practice? For example: personally, I don't like the code in the root level, git-fashion. It looks messy and confuses one trying to start as a contributor (especially because they have some code inside folders, and scripts in the root level as well, it's really messy). If I were to start a project of my own and wanted to start right from the start, are there recommendations? Best practices? How can I make a clean and clear structure? Thank you!

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  • Can someone provide a short code example of compiler bootstrapping?

    - by Jatin
    This Turing award lecture by Ken Thompson on topic "Reflections on Trusting Trust" gives good insight about how C compiler was made in C itself. Though I understand the crux, it still hasn't sunk in. So ultimately, once the compiler is written to do lexical analysis, parse trees, syntax analysis, byte code generation etc, a separate machine code is again written to do all that on compiler? Can anyone please explain with a small example of the procedure? Bootstrapping on wiki gives good insights, but only a rough view on it. PS: I am aware of the duplicates on the site, but found them to be an overview which I am already aware

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  • Be a better programmer or an irreplacable employee?

    - by mahen23
    Before I worked for a web development company, I asked a lot of questions of friends who were working as developers for tips about being good at your job. One answer I got was: "Always make the employers beg for your competencies. Prove to them that you are the best and you cannot be replaced. While keeping the status quo, hold your employers hostage where if one day they remove your from the job or task, no one else will be able to do your job." How true is this statement?

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  • Getting started and learning programming?

    - by Blagersdeath
    Hello, I am looking to get started in programming. I am young and know some html as I am taking a Web Design class at my school now. I am planning to apply to Full Sail University when I graduate High School, but I would like to get started now so that I am ahead of the game if I get accepted. I want to learn any and all programing language's. I would appreciate it if anyone can help me out by telling me where I can learn. By in a book, web site, articles, blog, or whatever you can help me in I would appreciate it. Thanks.

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  • OOP oriented PHP app source code samples and advice

    - by abel
    The day I have been dreading has arrived. I never felt OOP or good software design was important(I knew they were important, but I thought I could manage without them.). However having read otherwise almost everywhere on the interwebs, I started dreading the day when my client would ask me for new features in an existing app. The day has come and the pain is unbearable! I have never coded my PHP websites "properly"(PHP is my primary language and the bulk of my work. I am learning Python (using web2py)) I take care that the website doesn't fall apart in a daily use scenario. I code pages like I was creating a list of static html files with bits of "magic code" in each of them(this bugs me a lot). How do I make the whole app more or less a single object? For eg. How do I design the object model for an invoicing app? I use a lot of functions for doing any particular thing in the same fashion throughout the app(for eg. validation, generating ids, calculating taxes etc.). I know the basics of OOP in general. Can anyone point me to source code samples of functional apps written in php? Or can someone provide pointers so I can recode my existing apps in a more modular way.

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  • Current iOS version/device statistics?

    - by hotpaw2
    The answer to this SO question has become stale: iOS version/device statistics - where can i find? because time currency wasn't part of that question, and iOS version updates have been release since this question was asked. Is there a web site or other publicly available source which keeps a current or frequently updated list of the percentages of iOS devices and OS versions in use, perhaps by continual monitoring of app analytics or web site logs or other means? And what device or OS information are iOS app analytics currently allowed to report, if any? (...assuming an appropriate privacy policy and adhering to such, of course.)

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  • Vector with Constant-Time Remove - still a Vector?

    - by Darrel Hoffman
    One of the drawbacks of most common implementations of the Vector class (or ArrayList, etc. Basically any array-backed expandable list class) is that their remove() operation generally operates in linear time - if you remove an element, you must shift all elements after it one space back to keep the data contiguous. But what if you're using a Vector just to be a list-of-things, where the order of the things is irrelevant? In this case removal can be accomplished in a few simple steps: Swap element to be removed with the last element in the array Reduce size field by 1. (No need to re-allocate the array, as the deleted item is now beyond the size field and thus not "in" the list any more. The next add() will just overwrite it.) (optional) Delete last element to free up its memory. (Not needed in garbage-collected languages.) This is clearly now a constant-time operation, since only performs a single swap regardless of size. The downside is of course that it changes the order of the data, but if you don't care about the order, that's not a problem. Could this still be called a Vector? Or is it something different? It has some things in common with "Set" classes in that the order is irrelevant, but unlike a Set it can store duplicate values. (Also most Set classes I know of are backed by a tree or hash map rather than an array.) It also bears some similarity to Heap classes, although without the log(N) percolate steps since we don't care about the order.

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  • File system implementation in MongoDB with GridFS

    - by Ralph
    I am working on two projects that will both implement a Webdav server backed by a MongoDB GridFS. In each case, there is the potential for the system to store tens of millions of files spread across thousands of hierarchical directories. I can come up with two different ways of storing the directory structure: As a "true" hierarchical file system, with directories containing the IDs (_id) of subdirectories and regular files. The paths will be separated by slashes (/) as in a POSIX-compliant file system. The path /a/b/c will be represented as a directory a containing a directory b containing a file c. As a flat file system, where file names include the slashes. The path /a/b/c will be stored as a single file with the name /a/b/c What are the advantages and disadvantages of each, with respect to a "real" folder-based file system?

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  • Where to store front-end data for "object calculator"

    - by Justin Grahn
    I recently have completed a language library that acts as a giant filter for food items, and flows a bit like this :Products -> Recipes -> MenuItems -> Meals and finally, upon submission, creates an Order. I have also completed a database structure that stores all the pertinent information to each class, and seems to fit my needs. The issue I'm having is linking the two. I imagined all of the information being local to each instance of the product, where there exists one backend user who edits and manipulates data, and multiple front end users who select their Meal(s) to create an Order. Ideally, all of the front end users would have all of this information stored locally within the library, and would update the library on startup from a database. How should I go about storing the data so that I can load it into the library every time the user opens the application? Do I package a database onboard and just load and populate every time? The only method I can currently conceive of doing this, even if I only have 500 possible Product objects, would require me to foreach the list for every Product that I need to match to a Recipe and so on and so forth every time I relaunch the program, which seems like a lot of wasteful loading. Here is a general flow of my architecture: Products: public class Product : IPortionable { public Product(string n, uint pNumber = 0) { name = n; productNumber = pNumber; } public string name { get; set; } public uint productNumber { get; set; } } Recipes: public Recipe(string n, decimal yieldAmt, Volume.Unit unit) { name = n; yield = new Volume(yieldAmt, unit); yield.ConvertUnit(); } /// <summary> /// Creates a new ingredient object /// </summary> /// <param name="n">Name</param> /// <param name="yieldAmt">Recipe Yield</param> /// <param name="unit">Unit of Yield</param> public Recipe(string n, decimal yieldAmt, Weight.Unit unit) { name = n; yield = new Weight(yieldAmt, unit); } public Recipe(Recipe r) { name = r.name; yield = r.yield; ingredients = r.ingredients; } public string name { get; set; } public IMeasure yield; public Dictionary<IPortionable, IMeasure> ingredients = new Dictionary<IPortionable,IMeasure>(); MenuItems: public abstract class MenuItem : IScalable { public static string title = null; public string name { get; set; } public decimal maxPortionSize { get; set; } public decimal minPortionSize { get; set; } public Dictionary<IPortionable, IMeasure> ingredients = new Dictionary<IPortionable, IMeasure>(); and Meal: public class Meal { public Meal(int guests) { guestCount = guests; } public int guestCount { get; private set; } //TODO: Make a new MainCourse class that holds pasta and Entree public Dictionary<string, int> counts = new Dictionary<string, int>(){ {MainCourse.title, 0}, {Side.title , 0}, {Appetizer.title, 0} }; public List<MenuItem> items = new List<MenuItem>(); The Database just stores and links each of these basic names and amounts together usings ID's (RecipeID, ProductID and MenuItemID)

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  • Are there any drawbacks to the Major.Minor.YMDD.Build version strategy?

    - by Chu
    I'm trying to come up with a good version strategy to fit our specific needs. We've proposed settling on this and I wanted to ask the question to see if anyone's experience would suggest avoiding this or altering it in any way. Here's our proposal: Versions are released in this format: MAJOR.MINOR.YMDD.BN. Here it is broken out: MAJOR & MINOR are typical; we'll increase MINOR when we feel code and new feature sets warrants it; once every few months most likely. MAJOR will increase ~yearly. YMDD: Y will be the last digit of the current year, so "1" for 2011, "2" for 2012, etc. A non-padded month will be used to keep the number smaller (9 instead of 09 for example). DD of course is the day, padded with a zero for days under 10. BN: BN is the build number and increases by one anytime we make a change to a branch of the code represented by the build, for example: If were to make a build today, our release would be version 5.0.1707.1. I release to QA today and 3 days from now QA finds that a change broke the save functionality on a page. Instead of me changing our current development code, I'd go back to the code that I used to create version 5.0.1707.1, make the fix there, then increase the BN portion of the version and would then re-release 5.0.1707.2 back to QA. In short, anytime a change is made to a branched version that isn't the active dev branch, we'd use the original version number and increase only the BN portion (even if the change happened 3 days, 3 weeks or 3 months from the initial release of that version). Anytime we make a new release from our Active dev branch, we'd come up with a new version based on the M/D of the release using the outlined strategy. We do this once every 2-3 weeks. Are there holes or pitfalls with this? If so, what are they? Thanks EDIT To clarify one point that I didn't get out very well - Oct/Nov/Dec will be two digits, it's only the year that won't be. So 9 for Sept, 10 for Oct, 11 for Nov, etc.

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  • Breadcrumbs in a modern web application, make sense? [on hold]

    - by Xtreme Biker
    I'm currently beginning with the development of a new web application. The whole web application is going to be bookmarkable and all the pages accesible via GET requests and url parameters. Having said that, let's suppose I've got three entities in my application, Customer, Team and City. Each Customer and Team belong to a city and I've got a city-detail page which displays the detail for a concrete city. So next navigation cases are possible: Customers - Customer detail (id=2) - City detail (id=3) Football teams - Team detail (id=5) - City detail (id=3) Cities - City detail (id=3) There are three possible ways of ending up in a city detail view. My question is, does it make sense to implement a breadcrumb to show such a history, having it available in the browser itself? Would it be more appropiate to show a breadcrumb with the last case, no matter where we're coming from (hierarchical breadcrumb)? That's what Jakob Nielsen points out here: Offering users a Hansel-and-Gretel-style history trail is basically useless, because it simply duplicates functionality offered by the Back button, which is the Web’s second-most-used feature. A history trail can also be confusing: users often wander in circles or go to the wrong site sections. Having each point in a confused progression at the top of the current page doesn’t offer much help. Finally, a history trail is useless for users who arrive directly at a page deep within the site. Also, even if the history trail seems the most natural way to implement it, it requires an extra effort to keep the whole track being HTTP a stateless mean.

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  • Reasons for either 32-bit or 64-bit as development machine

    - by vartec
    I'm about to make a new Linux install, which will be primarily used for programming. I've seen benchmarks showing speed improvement of 64-bit version, however, I have hard time of telling how much these benchmarks translate to improvement in every day usage. And of course there are other aspects to consider. Usage I have in mind: mainly programming Python, with occasional C, C++ and Java; IDEs, which are using Java platforms (Eclipse and IntelliJ); on very rare occasions having to compile for 32-bit platform; not planning to have more than 64GB of RAM anytime soon (and I don't mind using PAE kernels); machine in question has 4GB RAM and Athlon II X2; What are pros and cons of choosing either i386 or x86_64 distro?

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  • Your software-problem-solution approach

    - by Panoy
    I am unfamiliar with many software development philosophies/approaches such as these: DDD - Domain Driven Development Design TDD - Test Driven Development BDD - Behavior Driven Development Other 3-letter acronym that ends with "development" and many more My question is, when will you get to decide to choose what kind of philosophy/approach to follow? Especially the top 3 approach in the list: What is TDD for? Why use DDD for this problem? Mainly your answer would be a case-to-case basis or maybe that there is no single universal philosophy/approach to consider. In that case, could you just tell me what type of project/scenario and why did you use that philosophy/approach.

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  • Isn't MVC anti OOP?

    - by m3th0dman
    The main idea behind OOP is to unify data and behavior in a single entity - the object. In procedural programming there is data and separately algorithms modifying the data. In the Model-View-Controller pattern the data and the logic/algorithms are placed in distinct entities, the model and the controller respectively. In an equivalent OOP approach shouldn't the model and the controller be placed in the same logical entity?

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  • Best practices for using namespaces in C++.

    - by Dima
    I have read Uncle Bob's Clean Code a few months ago, and it has had a profound impact on the way I write code. Even if it seemed like he was repeating things that every programmer should know, putting them all together and putting them into practice does result in much cleaner code. In particular, I found breaking up large functions into many tiny functions, and breaking up large classes into many tiny classes to be incredibly useful. Now for the question. The book's examples are all in Java, while I have been working in C++ for the past several years. How would the ideas in Clean Code extend to the use of namespaces, which do not exist in Java? (Yes, I know about the Java packages, but it is not really the same.) Does it make sense to apply the idea of creating many tiny entities, each with a clearly define responsibility, to namespaces? Should a small group of related classes always be wrapped in a namespace? Is this the way to manage the complexity of having lots of tiny classes, or would the cost of managing lots of namespaces be prohibitive?

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  • TBXML parsing issue while the value cannot get in UILabel

    - by Dany
    In my app I'm using TBXML parser where I need to get a value from xml file and print it on the label. This is my xml file in server <gold> <price> <title>22 K Gold</title> </price> <price> <title>24 K Gold</title> </price> </gold> any my Viewcontroller.h looks like #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> #import "TBXML.h" @interface ViewController : UIViewController{ IBOutlet UILabel *lab; IBOutlet UILabel *lab1; TBXML *tbxml; } @end and my Viewcontrooler.m looks like - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib. NSData *xmlData = [[NSData alloc]initWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.abcde.com/sample.xml"]]; tbxml = [[TBXML alloc]initWithXMLData:xmlData]; TBXMLElement * root = tbxml.rootXMLElement; if (root) { TBXMLElement * elem_PLANT = [TBXML childElementNamed:@"price" parentElement:root]; while (elem_PLANT !=nil) { TBXMLElement * elem_BOTANICAL = [TBXML childElementNamed:@"title" parentElement:elem_PLANT]; NSString *botanicalName = [TBXML textForElement:elem_BOTANICAL]; lab.text=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"re %@", botanicalName]; elem_PLANT = [TBXML nextSiblingNamed:@"price" searchFromElement:elem_PLANT]; elem_BOTANICAL = [TBXML childElementNamed:@"title" parentElement:elem_PLANT]; botanicalName = [TBXML textForElement:elem_BOTANICAL]; lab1.text=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"re %@", botanicalName]; } } } I'm getting BAD_ACCESS thread. Am I missing anything?

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  • How to pick a great working team?

    - by Javierfdr
    I've just finished my master and I'm starting to dig into the laboral world, i.e. learning how programming teams and technology companies work in the real world. I'm starting to design the idea of my own service or product based on free software, and I will require a well coupled, enthusiast and fluid team to build and the idea. My problem is that I'm not sure which would be the best skills to ask for a programming team of 4-5 members. I have many friends and acquaintances, with whom I've worked during my studies. Must of those ones I have in mind are very capable and smart people, with a good logic and programming base, although some of them have some characteristics that I believe that could influtiate negatively in the group: lack of communication, fear to debate ideas, hard to give when debating, lack of structured programming (testing, good commenting, previous design and analysis). Some of them have this negative characteristics, but must of them have a lot of enthusiasm, nice working skills (from an individual point of view), and ability to see the whole picture. The question is: how to pick the best team for a large scale project, with a lot of programming? Which of these negative skills do you think are just too influential? Which can be softened with good leadership? Wich good skills are to be expected? And any other opinion about social and programming skills of a programming team.

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  • how to choose a web framework and javascript library?

    - by Trylks
    I've been procrastinating learning some framework for web apps w/ some library for AJAX, something like django with prototype, or turbogears with mootools, or zeta components with dojo, grok, jquery, symfony... The point is to spend some of my spare time, have "fun" and create cool stuff that hopefully is some useful. I think maybe I wouldn't like something like GWT or pyjamas because I wouldn't like to "get married" with some technology, I want to keep my freedom to add another javascript library, and so on. I didn't decide even the language yet, but I think I'd prefer python. PHP could be fine if there is some framework that is nice enough. Besides that, I don't even know where to start. I don't feel like learning a framework to then realize there is something that I cannot comfortably do, switch to another framework then find that a third framework has something really cool, etc. And the same goes for javascript libraries. So, some guidance would be really appreciated. I don't really know why are so many options available and what do they aim for, I guess some of them focus on some aspects and some on others, but I just want to make cool and nice apps that I can easily maintain, without spending too much time on coding or learning and avoiding the "trapped in the framework" feeling, when doing something is awfully complicated (or even impossible) with compared with the rest of things or doing that same thing on a different framework. I guess in the end I'll go for django and jquery since they are the most widely used options, afaik, but if I was going for the most widely used options I guess I should choose Java or PHP (I don't really like Java for my spare time, but php is not so bad), so I preferred to ask first. I think the question has to consider both, framework and library, since sometimes they are coupled. I think this is the place to ask this kind of things, sorry if not, and thank you.

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  • About insertion sort and especially why it's said that copy is much faster than swap?

    - by Software Engeneering Learner
    From Lafore's "Data Structures and Algorithms in Java": (about insertion sort (which uses copy + shift instead of swap (used in bubble and selection sort))) However, a copy isn’t as time-consuming as a swap, so for random data this algo- rithm runs twice as fast as the bubble sort and faster than the selectionsort. Also author doesn't mention how time consuming shift is. From my POV copy is the simplest pointer assignment operation. While swap is 3x pointer assignment operations. Which doesn't take much time. Also shift of N elemtns is Nx pointer assignment operations. Please correct me if I'm wrong. Please explain, why what author says is true? I don't understand.

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  • Isolated Unit Tests and Fine Grained Failures

    - by Winston Ewert
    One of the reasons often given to write unit tests which mock out all dependencies and are thus completely isolated is to ensure that when a bug exists, only the unit tests for that bug will fail. (Obviously, an integration tests may fail as well). That way you can readily determine where the bug is. But I don't understand why this is a useful property. If my code were undergoing spontaneous failures, I could see why its useful to readily identify the failure point. But if I have a failing test its either because I just wrote the test or because I just modified the code under test. In either case, I already know which unit contains a bug. What is the useful in ensuring that a test only fails due to bugs in the unit under test? I don't see how it gives me any more precision in identifying the bug than I already had.

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  • Graduate expectations versus reality

    - by Bobby Tables
    When choosing what we want to study, and do with our careers and lives, we all have some expectations of what it is going to be like. Now that I've been in the industry for almost a decade, I've been reflecting a bit on what I thought (back when I was studying Computer Science) programming working life was going to be like, and how it's actually turning out to be. My two biggest shocks (or should I say, broken expectations) by far are the sheer amount of maintenance work involved in software, and the overall lack of professionalism: Maintenance: At uni, we were all told that the majority of software work is maintenance of existing systems. So I knew to expect this in the abstract. But I never imagined exactly how overwhelming this would turn out to be. Perhaps it's something I mentally glazed over, and hoped I'd be building cool new stuff from scratch a lot more. But it really is the case that most jobs are overwhelmingly maintenance, bug fixing, and support oriented. Lack of professionalism: At uni, I always had the impression that commercial software work is very process-oriented and stringently engineered. I had images of ISO processes, reams of technical documentation, every feature and bug being strictly documented, and a generally professional environment. It came as a huge shock to realise that most software companies operate no differently to a team of students working on a large semester-long project. And I've worked in both the small agile hack shop, and the medium sized corporate enterprise. While I wouldn't say that it's always been outright "unprofessional", it definitely feels like the software industry (on the whole) is far from the strong engineering discipline that I expected it to be. Has anyone else had similar experiences to this? What are the ways in which your expectations of what our profession would be like were different to the reality?

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  • An alternative to a video codec for storing motion changes [on hold]

    - by Andrew Simpson
    I have a 3 dimensional byte array. The 3-d array represents a jpeg image. Each channel/array represents part of the RGB spectrum. I am not interested in retaining black pixels. A black pixel is represented by this atypical arrangement: myarray[0,0,0] =0; myarray[0,0,1] =0; myarray[0,0,2] =0; So, I have flattened this 3d array out to a 1d array by doing this byte[] AFlatArray = new byte[width x height x 3] and then assigning values respective to the coordinate. But like I said I do not want black pixels. So this array has to only contain color pixels with the x,y coordinate. The result I want is to re-represent the image from the i dimension byte array that only contains non-black pixels. How do I do that? It looks like I have to store black pixels as well because of the xy coordinate system. I have tried writing to a binary file but the size of that file is greater than the jpeg file as the jpeg file is compressed. I am using c#.

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  • Relicense BSD 2/3-clause code to GPL

    - by Brecht Machiels
    Suppose I release some source code under the new BSD license. Is it allowed for someone else to take this code, make modifications to it and distribute it under the terms of the GPL? From Wikipedia: Many of the most common free software licenses, such as the original MIT/X license, BSD licenses (in the current 2-clause form), and the LGPL, are "GPL-compatible". That is, their code can be combined with a program under the GPL without conflict (the new combination would have the GPL applied to the whole). However, some free/open source software licenses are not GPL-compatible. I'm assuming this implies that one can relicense new-BSD licensed code to GPL?

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  • I need recommendations on free, open source, PHP-based business intelligence widget frameworks [on hold]

    - by Volomike
    I'm a PHP developer on Linux, and my manager wants a business intelligence dashboard. He wants to see in real-time our profit/loss stuff in fancy charts, based on our software sales. I could code it all from scratch and use Google Charts API or some other charts API to help me. However, I wanted to know if there was a free, open source, PHP-based business intelligence package out there, or some sort of widget framework that I could start with. That way, I can build the BI widgets inside that framework and not have to do everything from scratch. I apologize ahead of time if this is the wrong stackexchange where to place this query. I don't know where to place this query, and do want to follow the rules.

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