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• I've got my Master's in Software Engineering... Now what? [closed]

  - by Brian Driscoll

  Recently I completed a Master of Science in Software Engineering from Drexel University (Philadelphia, PA, US), because I wanted to have some formal education in software (my undergrad is in Math Ed) and also because I wanted to be able to advance my career beyond just programming. Don't get me wrong; I love to code. I spend a lot of my spare time coding. However, for me writing code is just a means to an end: what I REALLY love is designing software. Not visual design, mind you, but the architecture of the system. So, ideally I'd like to try to get a job doing software architecture. The problem is that I have no real experience in it besides my graduate course work. So, what should I do to make my "bones" in software architecture? UPDATE Just so it's clear, I have over 5 years of work experience in software development and an MCTS cert in addition to my education, so I'm not looking for the usual "I'm fresh out of school, what should I do?" advice.

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• Are small amounts of functional programming understandable by non-FP people?

  - by kd35a

  Case: I'm working at a company, writing an application in Python that is handling a lot of data in arrays. I'm the only developer of this program at the moment, but it will probably be used/modified/extended in the future (1-3 years) by some other programmer, at this moment unknown to me. I will probably not be there directly to help then, but maybe give some support via email if I have time for it. So, as a developer who has learned functional programming (Haskell), I tend to solve, for example, filtering like this: filtered = filter(lambda item: included(item.time, dur), measures) The rest of the code is OO, it's just some small cases where I want to solve it like this, because it is much simpler and more beautiful according to me. Question: Is it OK today to write code like this? How does a developer that hasn't written/learned FP react to code like this? Is it readable? Modifiable? Should I write documentation like explaining to a child what the line does? # Filter out the items from measures for which included(item.time, dur) != True I have asked my boss, and he just says "FP is black magic, but if it works and is the most efficient solution, then it's OK to use it." What is your opinion on this? As a non-FP programmer, how do you react to the code? Is the code "googable" so you can understand what it does? I would love feedback on this :) Edit: I marked phant0m's post as answer, because he gives good advice on how to write the code in a more readable way, and still keep the advantages. But I would also like to recommend superM's post because of his viewpoint as a non-FP programmer.

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• Weird Screen while booting to install, while installing and after the install...and then the "panic occured" error

  - by Klyn

  I've decided to install ubuntu but neither ubuntu or any other linux distro won't even get to the desktop screen or work after getting there. On windows 8, everything is just fine. my new video card works perfectly and I have no problem with anything about it. then when I try to boot from ubuntu with wubi or with usb everything goes like this: 1) Grub screen...no problem at all, colors are just fine everything looks okay 2) and then linux boot screen...weird background color, over the backround there are vertical stripes of red-orange dots. but on the ubuntu logo and text, there are no dots at all! -I mean its shape is perfect- 3) desktop is about the start but * vertical stripes of red colored dots are all over the unity screen*. then when I click on ubuntu's menu, it usually switches to black screen saying something about "panic occured"...and then it restarts or it gives no respond at all. problems started after putting hd 6570 video card on my asus m5a78lm-lx video card which has amd phenom II X4 processor on it. I've searched to find something but there was no similar question that's why I'm almost sure it is kind of unique. again, I'm writing on Windows 8 right now and everything works and looks perfect. so far I've updated bios and anyone knows anything to solve this?

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• Should a software developer get a yearly equipment budget?

  - by CrazyDart

  I am looking at a new position with a new company. I have talked to some people in the past (in general, not at this company) that they had been given a yearly budget to buy new computer stuff to keep up to date. Now why I feel this question is worth asking here is that Joel comes right out and says an employer should pay for the best equipment money can buy... within reason of course. From The Joel Test: 12 Steps to Better Code 9. Do you use the best tools money can buy? Writing code in a compiled language is one of the last things that still can't be done instantly on a garden variety home computer... Top notch development teams don't torture their programmers. Even minor frustrations caused by using underpowered tools add up, making programmers grumpy and unhappy. And a grumpy programmer is an unproductive programmer... Does anyone know if the industry has such a standard to offer an allowance or budget? I have never worked for a company like this, but I am thinking I should toss this in the ring for negotiations. Seems reasonable. How do bigger companies like MS, Google, and Apple handle this? If you say yes, give a range... I have been told numbers from $5k to $10k. Seems high to me, but hey I would gladly take it.

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• Blog Rebranding

  I have been spending more and more time on learning as much as I can on Agile Development and also have been fairly immersed in rolling out TFS 2010 in our environment.  I feel like it is time to talk about some of my experiences.  With that, I am rebranding my blog to focus on these topics.  I am going to start with a bunch of blogs on the process I have gone through getting TFS 2010 configured for our development teams. Last week, Brian Harry was in our office and gave a great talk on the improved tools in TFS 2010 and how Microsoft uses the tools internally.  I followed that up with a high-level overview of the improved out of the box process templates and the process to customize them.  I am definitely very excited about the new features in 2010 and hopefully will keep up my motivation to blog about it.  I am writing my first post right now about the process I went through to build a task progress report based on the user story progress report in the MSF for Agile Development template.  Stay tunedDid you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• JavaScript and callback nesting

  - by Jake King

  A lot of JavaScript libraries (notably jQuery) use chaining, which allows the reduction of this: var foo = $(".foo"); foo.stop(); foo.show(); foo.animate({ top: 0 }); to this: $(".foo").stop().show().animate({ top: 0 }); With proper formatting, I think this is quite a nice syntactic capability. However, I often see a pattern which I don't particularly like, but appears to be a necessary evil in non-blocking models. This is the ever-present nesting of callback functions: $(".foo").animate({ top: 0, }, { callback: function () { $.ajax({ url: 'ajax.php', }, { callback: function () { ... } }); } }); And it never ends. Even though I love the ease non-blocking models provide, I hate the odd nesting of function literals it forces upon the programmer. I'm interesting in writing a small JS library as an exercise, and I'd love to find a better way to do this, but I don't know how it could be done without feeling hacky. Are there any projects out there that have resolved this problem before? And if not, what are the alternatives to this ugly, meaningless code structure?

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• Use a SQL Database for a Desktop Game

  - by sharethis

  Developing a Game Engine I am planning a computer game and its engine. There will be a 3 dimensional world with first person view and it will be single player for now. The programming language is C++ and it uses OpenGL. Data Centered Design Decision My design decision is to use a data centered architecture where there is a global event manager and a global data manager. There are many components like physics, input, sound, renderer, ai, ... Each component can trigger and listen to events. Moreover, each component can read, edit, create and remove data. The question is about the data manager. Whether to Use a Relational Database Should I use a SQL Database, e.g. SQLite or MySQL, to store the game data? This contains virtually all game content like items, characters, inventories, ... Except of meshes and textures which are even more performance related, so I will keep them in memory. Is a SQL database fast enough to use it for realtime reading and writing game informations, like the position of a moving character? I also need to care about cross-platform compatibility. Aside from keeping everything in memory, what alternatives do I have? Advantages Would Be The advantages of using a relational database like MySQL would be the data orientated structure which allows fast computation. I would not need objects for representing entities. I could easily query data of objects near the player needed for rendering. And I don't have to take care about data of objects far away. Moreover there would be no need for savegames since the hole game state is saved in the database. Last but not least, expanding the game to an online game would be relative easy because there already is a place where the hole game state is stored.

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• Java and C# in web development [on hold]

  - by azalut

  I am wondering whether C# development(ASP.NET) is rather kind of "rapid development" or something "big" like JavaEE/Spring? We all know, that RoR or Django are really rapid-development frameworks - and so - is C# closer to Java "long-timed-development" or to frameworks like the two above - Django, RoR? I am, for now, an amateur Java programmer and sometimes I get annoyed with the amount of code that have to be written to create even a short CRUD app. We need a lot of skills to create at least a small app. I want some change, at least for some time and learn something new. I tried (just few hours) first: RoR, then Django and now I am writing in C#. It seems to be like Java but a little bit extended. In respect of future work as a professional coder - Is it profitable to know both competitive technologies like Java (and its frameworks) and C# with .NET(ASP.NET for example)? Maybe better choice is Python? Or just stop being stupid and still work with Java but with another framework(and master my Java skills) or JavaScript, jQuery to be better at web-development? Actually this question depends on your own opinions that is why I know that this question could be blocked by admins. But main question is in the top of the post I mean: is C# web-development rapid or closer to Java? I am afraid, that if I don't try, I will regret in the future, when I awake and think: oh my god, how could I not get familiar with (another_technology_or_language) Thanks for your attention :) ps I had asked the same question on stackoverflow, but it was hold because of being opinion based. Hope it fits here ;)

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• Ubuntu 12.10 wont boot

  - by John Mark High

  im new to using Ubuntu and just bought a HP Pavilion g6-2240sa with windows 8 pre installed. I made a bootable USB with Ubuntu on it and installed alsongside windows, for 2 days it worked fine, I got into Ubuntu by doing an advanced restart from windows 8 and then booting Ubuntu from the partition it made. When i did the advanced restart today there was only 1 HDD i could select ( there were 3 before windows, a restore partition that was already there when i got the computer and Ubuntu) so i booted from the USB again and re-installed Ubuntu. then did an advanced restart and the 3 partitions where there again, i booted from Ubuntu and now heres my problem. I get the Ubuntu background when its loading then its just a black screen with some writing, its not on long enough to read, then just a black screen with a white _ and the top left corner that does nothing, i have to restat the computer and it auto boots into windows 8. im a little confused as the first time i installed Ubuntu it worked fine until the partition dissaperd), the second time i installed i did everything the same except it found the old Ubuntu so i reinstalled it and now is donst work.

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• Finite Numbers and ExplorerCanvas

  - by PhubarBaz

  I was working on my online mathematical graphing application, CloudGraph, and trying to make it work in IE. The app uses the HTML5 canvas element to draw graphs. Since IE doesn't support canvas yet I use ExplorerCanvas to provide that support for IE. However, it seems that when using excanvas, if you try to moveTo or drawTo a point that is not finite it loses it's mind and stops drawing anything else after that. I had no such problems in Firefox or Chrome so it took me awhile to figure out what was going on. Next I discovered that I needed a way to check if a variable was NaN or Inifinity or any other non-finite value so I could avoid calling moveTo() in that case. I started writing a long if statement, then I thought there has to be a better way. Sure enough there was. There just happens to be an isFinite() function built into Javascript just for this purpose. Who knew! It works great. Another difference I discovered with excanvas is that you must specify a starting point using a moveTo() when beginning a drawing path. Again, Chrome and Firefox are a lot more forgiving in this area so it took me a while to figure out why my lines weren't drawing. But, all is happy now and I'm a little wiser to the ways of the canvas.

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• ASP.NET MVC Cookbook - public review

  - by asiemer

  I have recently started writing another book.  The topic of this book is ASP.NET MVC.  This book differs from my previous book in that rather than working towards building one project from end to end - this book will demonstrate specific topics from end to end.  It is a recipe book (hence the cookbook name) and will be part of the Packt Publishing cookbook series.  An example recipe in this book might be how to consume JSON, creating a master /details page, jquery modal popups, custom ActionResults, etc.  Basically anything recipe oriented around the topic of ASP.NET MVC might be acceptable.  If you are interested in helping out with the review process you can join the "ASP.NET MVC 2 Cookbook-review" group on Google here: http://groups.google.com/group/aspnet-mvc-2-cookbook-review Currently the suggested TOC for the project is listed.  Also, chapters 1, 2, and most of 8 are posted.  Chapter 5 should be available tonight or tomorrow. In addition to reporting any errors that you might find (much appreciated), I am very interested in hearing about recipes that you want included, expanded, or removed (as being redundant or overly simple).  Any input is appreciated!  Hearing user feedback after the book is complete is a little late in my opinion (unless it is positive feedback of course). Thank you!

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• Keyboard not working 100% after Ubuntu 13.10 upgrade

  - by Marky

  If this has already been asked, my apologies, I did not find it before writing this. So please do point me to the correct page. Anyway, I have this weird issue on my laptop right now. The keyboard is not functioning 100%. This means, I can type my login details to get into Ubuntu. I can type something on Dash. But other than this (on the desktop), no output from the keyboard when using all the other apps - as in I start to type and nothing comes out. The surprising thing is that when I shift to Guest session, the keyboard functions normally. When I shift to another TTY, like Alt+F5, keyboard works normally. This is the first time I've encountered this so far in my use of Linux. Keyboards normally never fail on any of the desktop environments I've used over the years. Any ideas what's happening? Could be the config files on my home is too messy already. I've upgraded this from 11.10 to 13.04, then now 13.10 without a re-install. Works fine so far, until now that I can't do much without a keyboard. Thanks in advance! P.S. Mouse and touchpad works fine.

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• How to educate business managers on the complexity of adding new features? [duplicate]

  - by Derrick Miller

  This question already has an answer here: How to educate business managers on the complexity of adding new features? [duplicate] 3 answers We maintain a web application for a client who demands that new features be added at a breakneck pace. We've done our best to keep up with their demands, and as a result the code base has grown exponentially. There are now so many modules, subsystems, controllers, class libraries, unit tests, APIs, etc. that it's starting to take more time to work through all of the complexity each time we add a new feature. We've also had to pull additional people in on the project to take over things like QA and staging, so the lead developers can focus on developing. Unfortunately, the client is becoming angry that the cost for each new feature is going up. They seem to expect that we can add new features ad infinitum and the cost of each feature will remain linear. I have repeatedly tried to explain to them that it doesn't work that way - that the code base expands in a fractal manner as all these features are added. I've explained that the best way to keep the cost down is to be judicious about which new features are really needed. But, they either don't understand, or they think I'm bullshitting them. They just sort of roll their eyes and get angry. They're all completely non-technical, and have no idea what does into writing software. Is there a way that I can explain this using business language, that might help them understand better? Are there any visualizations out there, that illustrate the growth of a code base over time? Any other suggestions on dealing with this client?

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• How do I list all the relation variables and debug them interactively?

  - by mfisch

  I'm writing a charm that requires a mysql database, I found from looking at other charms that this (below) is how I get the info about the database: user=`relation-get user` password=`relation-get password` mysqlhost=`relation-get private-address` But I just found that from reading the wordpress charm example, is there a way to show all the relation variables that I can use? Also, while debugging my db-relation-changed script, I wanted to ssh into my host and interactively run those commands, for example relation-get user, but it didn't work. I resorted to having to restart everything and use juju log to print them out. This wasted a lot of time. Is there a way to print out these relations, either from my dev box or from the instance running my charm? (Below is what happens when I tried to interactively run relation-get): ubuntu@mfisch-local-tracks-0:~$ relation-get user usage: relation-get [-h] [-o OUTPUT] [-s SOCKET] [--client-id CLIENT_ID] [--format FORMAT] [--log-file FILE] [--log-level CRITICAL|DEBUG|INFO|ERROR|WARNING] [-r RELATION ID] [settings_name] [unit_name] No JUJU_AGENT_SOCKET/-s option found I tried juju debug-hooks tracks/0 -e local, that dropped me into a shell and relation-get still failed.

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• what's a good approach to working with multiple databases?

  - by Riz

  I'm working on a project that has its own database call it InternalDb, but also it queries two other databases, call them ExternalDb1 and ExternalDb2. Both ExternalDb1 and ExternalDb2 are actually required by a few other projects. I'm wondering what the best approach for dealing with this is? Currently, I've just created a project for each of these external databases and then generated Edmx and entities using the entity-framework approach. My thought was that I could then include these projects in any of my solutions that require access to these databases. Also, I don't have any separate business layers. I just have a solution like below: Project.Domain ExternalDb1Project.Domain ExternalDb2Project.Domain Project.Web So my Domain projects contain the data access as well as the POCOs generated by Entity Framework and any business logic. But I'm not sure if this is a good approach. For example if I want to do Validation in my Project.Domain on the entities in the InternalDb, it's fine. But if I want to do Validation for entities from either of the ExternalDbs, then I wonder where it should go? To be more specific, I retrieve Employees from ExternalDb1Project.Domain. However, I want to make sure they are Active. Where should this Validation go? How to architect a project like this at a high level? Also, I want to make sure that I use IoC for my data contexts so I can create Fakes when writing tests. I wonder where the interfaces for these various data contexts would reside?

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• Interface (contract), Generics (universality), and extension methods (ease of use). Is it a right design?

  - by Saeed Neamati

  I'm trying to design a simple conversion framework based on these requirements: All developers should follow a predefined set of rules to convert from the source entity to the target entity Some overall policies should be able to be applied in a central place, without interference with developers' code Both the creation of converters and usage of converter classes should be easy To solve these problems in C# language, A thought came to my mind. I'm writing it here, though it doesn't compile at all. But let's assume that C# compiles this code: I'll create a generic interface called IConverter public interface IConverter<TSource, TTarget> where TSource : class, new() where TTarget : class, new() { TTarget Convert(TSource source); List<TTarget> Convert(List<TSource> sourceItems); } Developers would implement this interface to create converters. For example: public class PhoneToCommunicationChannelConverter : IConverter<Phone, CommunicationChannle> { public CommunicationChannel Convert(Phone phone) { // conversion logic } public List<CommunicationChannel> Convert(List<Phone> phones) { // conversion logic } } And to make the usage of this conversion class easier, imagine that we add static and this keywords to methods to turn them into Extension Methods, and use them this way: List<Phone> phones = GetPhones(); List<CommunicationChannel> channels = phones.Convert(); However, this doesn't even compile. With those requirements, I can think of some other designs, but they each lack an aspect. Either the implementation would become more difficult or chaotic and out of control, or the usage would become truly hard. Is this design right at all? What alternatives I might have to achieve those requirements?

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• Returning a flexible datatype from a C++ function

  - by GavinH

  I'm developing for a legacy C++ application which uses ODBC for it's data access. Coming from a C# background, I really miss the ADO style of data access. I'm writing a wrapper (because we can't actually use ADO) to make our data access less painful. This means no char arrays, no manual text blob streaming, and no declaritive column binding. I'm struggling with how to store / return data values. In C# at least, you can declare an object and cast it to whatever (as long as the type is convertable). My current C++ solution is to use boost::any to store the data value in a custom DataColumnValue object. This class has conversion and assignment operators to the various types used in our app (more than 10). There's a bit of complexity here because if you store an int in the boost::any and try to boost::any_cast<long> you get a boost::bad_any_cast. Client objects shouldn't have to know how the value is stored internally. Does anyone have any experience trying to store / return values whose types are only known at runtime? Is there a better / cleaner way?

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• tips, guidelines, points to remember for rendering professional code?

  - by ronnieaka

  I'm talking about giving clients professional looking code. The whole nine yards, everything you hardcore professional highly experienced programmers here probably do when coding freelance or for the company you work in. I'm fresh out of college and I'm going into freelance. I just want to be sure that my first few projects leave a good after-taste of professionalism imprinted on the clients' minds. When I Googled what i'm asking here, I was given pages that showed various websites and tools that let you make flashy websites and templates etc. The $N package and such stuff. I can't recall the word experts use for it. Standard, framework [i know that's not it]. English isn't my first language so I'm sorry I don't really don't know the exact phrase for it. That abstract way of writing code so that you don't come across as a sloppy programmer. That above mentioned way for programming websites and desktop software [in python/C/C++/Java]. EDIT: i can work on the accruing vast knowledge and know-how and logic building etc. what i'm asking for is the programming standard/guidelines you guys follow so that the client on seeing code feels that its a professional solution. Like comment blocks, a particular indentation style something like that. Is there any book on it or specific list of points for enterprise type coding by them? Especially here as in my case, for building websites [php for now..], and desktop software [c/c++/java/python]

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• Is the addition of a duration to a date-time defined in ISO 8601?

  - by Benjamin

  I've writing a date-time library, and need to implement the addition of a duration to a date-time. If I add a 1 month duration: P1M to the 31st March 2012: 2012-03-31, does the standard define what the result is? Because the resulting date (31st April) does not exist, there are at least two options: Fall back to the last day of the resulting month. This is the approach currently taken by the ThreeTen API, the (alpha) reference implementation of JSR-310: ZonedDateTime date = ZonedDateTime.parse("2012-03-31T00:00:00Z"); Period duration = Period.parse("P1M"); System.out.println(date.plus(duration).toString()); // 2012-04-30T00:00Z Carry the extra day to the next month. This is the approach taken by the DateTime class in PHP: $date = new DateTime('2012-03-31T00:00:00Z'); $duration = new DateInterval('P1M'); echo $date->add($duration)->format('c'); // 2012-05-01T00:00:00+00:00 I'm surprised that two date-time libraries contradict on this point, so I'm wondering whether the standard defines the result of this operation?

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• Is application-specific data required for good unit testing?

  - by stinkycheeseman

  I am writing unit tests for a fairly simple function that depends on a fairly complicated set of data. Essentially, the object I am manipulating represents a graph and this function determines whether to chart a line, bar, or pie chart based on the data that came back from the server. This is a simplified version, using jQuery: setDefaultChartType: function (graphObject) { var prop1 = graphObject.properties.key; var numCols = 0; $.each(graphObject.columns, function (colIndex, column) { numCols++; }); if ( numCols > 6 || ( prop1 > 1 && graphObject.data.length == 1) ) { graphObject.setChartType("line"); } else if ( numCols <=6 && prop1 == 1 ) { graphObject.setChartType("bar"); } else if ( numCols <=6 && prop1 > 1 ) { graphObject.setChartType("pie"); } } My question is, should I use mock data that is procured from the actual database? Or can I just fabricate data that fits the different cases? I'm afraid that fabricating data will not expose bugs arising from changes in the database, but on the other hand, it would require a lot more effort to keep the test data up-to-date that I'm not sure is necessary.

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• Javascript Module pattern with DOM ready

  - by dego89

  I am writing a JS Module pattern to test out code and help me understand the pattern, using a JS Fiddle. What I can't figure out is why my "private methods" on line 25 and 26, when referenced via DOM ready, have a value of undefined. JSFiddle Code Sample: var obj = { key: "value" }; var Module = (function () { var innerVar = "5"; console.log("obj var in Module:"); console.log(obj); function privateFunction() { console.log("privateFunction() called."); innerFunction(); function innerFunction() { console.log("inner function of (private function) called."); } } function _numTwo() { console.log("_numTwo() function called."); } return { test: privateFunction, numTwo: _numTwo } }(obj)); $(document).ready(function () { console.log("$ Dom Ready"); console.log("Module in Dom Ready: "); console.log(Module.test()); });

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• I cannot change the grub Default item from OS-1, but I can from OS-2 (dual-boot 10.04 on both)

  - by fred.bear

  My 10.04 system (OS-1) got into a tangle the other day, so I installed a second, dual-boot 10.04 (OS-2), so that I could trouble-shoot the hung system... In case it is relevant to my question, I'll mention that since I got OS-1 working again, it has shown a few battle wounds from its ordeal (.. actually the ordeal was mine ... trying to figure it all out ;) ... I lost some custom settings, but not all. (For the curious: the hangup was caused by rsync writing 600 GB to OS-1's 320 GB drive.. The destination drive was unmounted at the time, and rsync dutifully wrote directly to /media/usb_back; filling it to capacity... I have since, ammended my script :) Because the dual-boot MBR was prepared by OS-2, it is first on the grub list.. However, I want OS-1 to be the default OS to boot... From OS-1, I tried two methods to change the grub-menu's defaule OS. eg. Directly editing /etc/default/grub (then update-grub) Running 'Startup Manager' (then update-grub) Neither of these methods had any effect... so I started OS-2, and tried method 1... It worked! Why can I not change the grub menu from OS-1? .. or if it can be done, How?

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• REST API wrapper - class design for 'lite' object responses

  - by sasfrog

  I am writing a class library to serve as a managed .NET wrapper over a REST API. I'm very new to OOP, and this task is an ideal opportunity for me to learn some OOP concepts in a real-life situation that makes sense to me. Some of the key resources/objects that the API returns are returned with different levels of detail depending on whether the request is for a single instance, a list, or part of a "search all resources" response. This is obviously a good design for the REST API itself, so that full objects aren't returned (thus increasing the size of the response and therefore the time taken to respond) unless they're needed. So, to be clear: .../car/1234.json returns the full Car object for 1234, all its properties like colour, make, model, year, engine_size, etc. Let's call this full. .../cars.json returns a list of Car objects, but only with a subset of the properties returned by .../car/1234.json. Let's call this lite. ...search.json returns, among other things, a list of car objects, but with minimal properties (only ID, make and model). Let's call this lite-lite. I want to know what the pros and cons of each of the following possible designs are, and whether there is a better design that I haven't covered: Create a Car class that models the lite-lite properties, and then have each of the more detailed responses inherit and extend this class. Create separate CarFull, CarLite and CarLiteLite classes corresponding to each of the responses. Create a single Car class that contains (nullable?) properties for the full response, and create constructors for each of the responses which populate it to the extent possible (and maybe include a property that returns the response type from which the instance was created). I expect among other things there will be use cases for consumers of the wrapper where they will want to iterate through lists of Cars, regardless of which response type they were created from, such that the three response types can contribute to the same list. Happy to be pointed to good resources on this sort of thing, and/or even told the name of the concept I'm describing so I can better target my research.

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• At what point does programming become a useful skill?

  - by Elip

  This is probably a very difficult question to answer, because of its subjectivity, but even a vague guess would help me out: Now that Khan Academy is beginning to offer Computer Science lectures I'm getting an itch to learn programming again. I maybe am a bit more technical than your average computer user, using Ubuntu as my OS, LaTeX for writing and I know some small tricks like regular expressions or boolean search for google. However from my previous attempts to learn programming, I realized I do not have a natural aptitude for it and I also don't seem to enjoy the process. But I am fairly certain that a basic proficiency in programming could prove to be very beneficial for me career wise; I also often get ideas for little scripts that I cannot implement. My question is: Let's say you study programming 1 hour / day on average. At what point will you become good enough so that programming can be used for automating tasks and actually saving time? Do you think programming is worth picking up if you never have the ambition to make it your career or even your hobby, but use it strictly for utility purposes?

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• i18n and L10n (1)

  - by Aaron Li

  Internationalization (i18n) is a way of designing and developing a software product to function in multiple locales. This process involves identifying the locales that must be supported, designing features which support those locales, and writing code that functions equally well in any of the supported locales. Localization (L10n) is a process of modifying or adapting a software product to fit the requirements of a particular locale. This process includes (but may not be limited to) translating the user interface, documentation and packaging, changing dialog box geometries, customizing features (if necessary), and testing the translated product to ensure that it still works (at least as well as the original). i18n is a pre-requisite for L10n. Resource is 1. any part of a program which can appear to the user or be changed or configured by the user. 2. any piece of the program's data, as opposed to its code. Core product is the language independent portion of a software product (as distinct from any particular localized version of that product - including the English language version). Sometimes, however, this term is used to refer to the English product as opposed to other localizations.   Useful links http://www.mozilla.org/docs/refList/i18n/ http://www.w3.org/International/ http://hub.opensolaris.org/bin/view/Community+Group+int_localization/

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