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  • How to create a complete binary tree of height 'h' using Python?

    - by Jack
    Here is the node structure class Node: def __init__(self, data): # initializes the data members self.left = None self.right = None self.parent = None self.data = data complete binary tree Definition: A binary tree in which every level, except possibly the deepest, is completely filled. At depth n, the height of the tree, all nodes must be as far left as possible. -- http://www.itl.nist.gov/div897/sqg/dads/HTML/completeBinaryTree.html I am looking for an efficient algorithm.

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  • Calculating probability that a string has been randomized? - Python

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, this is correlated to a question I asked earlier (question) I have a list of manually created strings such as: lucy87 gordan_king fancy_unicorn77 joplucky_kanga90 base_belong_to_narwhals and a list of randomized strings: johnkdf pancake90kgjd fancy_jagookfk manhattanljg What gives away that the last set of strings are randomized is that sequences such as 'kjg', 'jgf', 'lkd', ... . Any clever way I could separate strings that contain these apparently randomized strings from the crowd? I guess that this plays a lot on the fact that certain characters are more likely to be placed next to others (e.g. 'co', 'ka', 'ja', ...). Any ideas on this one? Kylotan mentioned Reverend, but I am not sure if it can be used fr such purpose. Help would be much appreciated!

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  • Using Python to get a CSV output for the following example.

    - by Az
    Hi there, I'm back again with my ongoing saga of Student-Project Allocation questions. Thanks to Moron (who does not match his namesake) I've got a bit of direction for an evaluation portion of my project. Going with the idea of the Assignment Problem and Hungarian Algorithm I would like to express my data in the form of a .csv file which would end up looking like this in spreadsheet form. This is based on the structure I saw here. | | Project 1 | Project 2 | Project 3 | |----------|-----------|-----------|-----------| |Student1 | | 2 | 1 | |----------|-----------|-----------|-----------| |Student2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |----------|-----------|-----------|-----------| |Student3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | |----------|-----------|-----------|-----------| To make it less cryptic: the rows are the Students/Agents and the columns represent Projects/Task. Obviously ONE project can be assigned to ONE student. That, in short, is what my project is about. The fields represent the preference weights the students have placed upon the projects (ranging from 1 to 10). If blank, that student does not want that project and there's no chance of him/her being assigned such. Anyway, my data is stored within dictionaries. Specifically the students and projects dictionaries such that: students[student_id] = Student(student_id, student_name, alloc_proj, alloc_proj_rank, preferences) where preferences is in the form of a dictionary such that preferences[rank] = {project_id} and projects[project_id] = Project(project_id, project_name) I'm aware that sorted(students.keys()) will give me a sorted list of all the student IDs which will populate the row labels and sorted(projects.keys()) will give me the list I need to populate the column labels. Thus for each student, I'd go into their preferences dictionary and match the applicable projects to ranks. I can do that much. Where I'm failing is understanding how to create a .csv file. Any help, pointers or good tutorials will be highly appreciated.

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  • What is an elegant way to solve this max and min problem in Ruby or Python?

    - by ????
    The following can be done by step by step, somewhat clumsy way, but I wonder if there are elegant method to do it. There is a page: http://www.mariowiki.com/Mario_Kart_Wii, where there are 2 tables... there is Mario - 6 2 2 3 - - Luigi 2 6 - - - - - Diddy Kong - - 3 - 3 - 5 [...] The name "Mario", etc are the Mario Kart Wii character names. The numbers are for bonus points for: Speed Weight Acceleration Handling Drift Off-Road Mini-Turbo and then there is table 2 Standard Bike S 39 21 51 51 54 43 48 Out Bullet Bike 53 24 32 35 67 29 67 In Bubble Bike / Jet Bubble 48 27 40 40 45 35 37 In [...] These are also the characteristics for the Bike or Kart. I wonder what's the most elegant solution for finding all the maximum combinations of Speed, Weight, Acceleration, etc, and also for the minimum, either by directly using the HTML on that page or copy and pasting the numbers into a text file. Actually, in that character table, Mario to Bower Jr are all medium characters, Baby Mario to Dry Bones are small characters, and the rest are all big characters, except the small, medium, or large Mii are just as what the name says. Small characters can only ride small bike or small kart, and so forth for medium and large.

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  • What is the difference between type and type.__new__ in python?

    - by Jason Baker
    I was writing a metaclass and accidentally did it like this: class MetaCls(type): def __new__(cls, name, bases, dict): return type(name, bases, dict) ...instead of like this: class MetaCls(type): def __new__(cls, name, bases, dict): return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, dict) What exactly is the difference between these two metaclasses? And more specifically, what caused the first one to not work properly (some classes weren't called into by the metaclass)?

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  • Is it possible to craft your own packets with python?

    - by Rob
    Well, I know its possible, using external libraries and modules such as scapy. But how about without external modules? Without running the script as root? No external dependencies? I've been doing a lot of googling, but haven't found much help. I'd like to be able to create my own packets, but without running as root, or installing extra dependencies. Any suggestions?

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  • Can you authenticate Facebook Graph entirely from command line with Python?

    - by Sebastian
    I'm writing a (tabbed) application for Facebook that requires a background process to run on a server and, periodically, upload images to an album on this application's page. What I'm trying to do is create a script that will: a) authenticate me with the program b) upload an image to a specific album All of this entirely from the command line and completely with the new Graph API. My problem right now is trying to locate the documentation that will allow me to get a token without a pop-up window of sorts. Thoughts?

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  • How do I add a method with a decorator to a class in python?

    - by Timmy
    How do I add a method with a decorator to a class? I tried def add_decorator( cls ): @dec def update(self): pass cls.update = update usage add_decorator( MyClass ) MyClass.update() but MyClass.update does not have the decorator @dec did not apply to update I'm trying to use this with orm.reconstructor in sqlalchemy.

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  • Re-order list in Python to ensure it starts with check values.

    - by S_Swede
    Dear all, I'm reading in serial data using Pyserial, to populate a list of 17 values (1byte each) at a sampling rate of 256Hz. The bytes I ultimately want to use are the 5th to 8th in the list. Providing no bytes are dropped, the first two values of the stream are always the same ('165','90'). I'm getting quite a few dropped values though, and my list values are shifting, so when I read the 5th-8th bytes, they aren't the correct values. I've partially combatted this by ensuring that before the wanted segement is captured, the first few values are checked against what they should be (i.e. if mylist[0]==165 &....). This is crude but ok since the chances of these two values appearing adjacent to each other in the list elsewhere is small. The problem is that this means as soon as the bytes shift, I'm losing a load of values, until it eventually realigns. My question is: what code can I use to either: a) Force the list to realign once it has been detected that it no longer starts with 165,90. (elif....). b) Detect where '165' & '90' are (next to each other) in the list and extract the values I want in relation to their position (next but one, onwards). Thanks in advance S_S Just noticed from the related Qs that I could use mylist.append(mylist.pop(0)) multiple times until they are in the right place. Is there a better way that anyone can suggest?

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  • In Python, can I single line a for loop over iterator with an IF filter?

    - by Tal Weiss
    Silly question: I have a simple for loop followed by a simple if statement: for airport in airports: if airport.is_important: and I was wondering if I can write this as a single line somehow. So, yes, I can do this: for airport in (airport for airport in airports if airport.is_important): but it reads so silly and redundant ("for airport in airport for airport in airports..."). Is there a better way?

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  • Python: Why Does a Method Behave Differently with an Added Parameter?

    - by SteveStifler
    I have a method in a Pygame Sprite subclass, defined as such: def walk(self): """move across screen""" displacement = self.rect.move((self.move, 0)) if self.rect.left < self.area.left or self.rect.right > self.area.right: self.move = -self.move displacement = self.rect.move((self.move, 0)) self.rect = displacement I modified it, adding a parameter speed_x, and now the program is broken. def walk(self, speed_x): """move across screen""" displacement = self.rect.move((speed_x, 0)) if self.rect.left < self.area.left or self.rect.right > self.area.right: speed_x = -speed_x displacement = self.rect.move((speed_x, 0)) self.rect = displacement Before I called the method like this: def update(self): self.walk() Now I do: def update(self): self.walk(self.move) Why doesn't this work?

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  • How do I modify this download function in Python?

    - by TIMEX
    Right now, it's iffy. Gzip, images, sometimes it doesn't work. How do I modify this download function so that it can work with anything? (Regardless of gzip or any header?) How do I automatically "Detect" if it's gzip? I don't want to always pass True/False, like I do right now. def download(source_url, g = False, correct_url = True): try: socket.setdefaulttimeout(10) agents = ['Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT 5.0)','Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.1)','Microsoft Internet Explorer/4.0b1 (Windows 95)','Opera/8.00 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en)'] ree = urllib2.Request(source_url) ree.add_header('User-Agent',random.choice(agents)) ree.add_header('Accept-encoding', 'gzip') opener = urllib2.build_opener() h = opener.open(ree).read() if g: compressedstream = StringIO(h) gzipper = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=compressedstream) data = gzipper.read() return data else: return h except Exception, e: return ""

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  • Is it possible to create a python iterator over pre-defined mutable data?

    - by Wilduck
    I might be doing this wrong, if I am, let me know, but I'm curious if the following is possible: I have a class that holds a number of dictionaries, each of which pairs names to a different set of objects of a given class. For example: items = {"ball" : ItemInstance1, "sword" : ItemInstance2} people = {"Jerry" : PersonInstance1, "Bob" : PersonInstance2, "Jill" : PersonInstance3} My class would then hold the current items and people that are availible, and these would be subject to change as the state changes: Class State: def __init__(self, items, people): self.items = items self.people = people I would like to define a iter() and next() method such that it iterates through all of the values in its attributes. My first question is whether or not this is possible. If it is, will it be able to support a situation as follows: I define items and people as above then: state = State(items, people) for names, thing in state: print name + " is " + thing.color items[cheese] = ItemInstance3 for names, thing in state: print name + " weighs " + thing.weight While I feel like this would be usefull in the code I have, I don't know if it's either possible or the right approach. Everything I've read about user defined iterators has suggested that each instance of them is one use only.

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  • Should Python import statements always be at the top of a module?

    - by Adam J. Forster
    PEP 08 states: Imports are always put at the top of the file, just after any module comments and docstrings, and before module globals and constants. However if the class/method/function that I am importing is only used in rare cases, surely it is more efficient to do the import when it is needed? Isn't this: class SomeClass(object): def not_often_called(self) from datetime import datetime self.datetime = datetime.now() more efficient than this? from datetime import datetime class SomeClass(object): def not_often_called(self) self.datetime = datetime.now()

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  • How do you iterate through each email in your inbox using python?

    - by djblue2009
    I'm completely new to programming and I'm trying to build an autorespoder to send a msg to a specific email address. Using an if statement, I can check if there is an email from a certain address in the inbox and I can send an email, but if there are multiple emails from that address, how can I make a for loop to send an email for every email from that specific address. I tried to do use this as a loop: for M.search(None, 'From', address) in M.select(): but I get the error: "can't assign to function call" on that line

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  • How to determine what user and group a Python script is running as?

    - by Chirael
    I have a CGI script that is getting an "IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied" error in the stack trace in the web server's error log. As part of debugging this problem, I'd like to add a little bit of code to the script to print the user and (especially) group that the script is running as, into the error log (presumably STDERR). I know I can just print the values to sys.stderr, but how do I figure out what user and group the script is running as? (I'm particularly interested in the group, so the $USER environment variable won't help; the CGI script has the setgid bit set so it should be running as group "list" instead of the web server's "www-data" - but I need code to see if that's actually happening.)

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