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  • Python instances and attributes: is this a bug or i got it totally wrong?

    - by Mirko Rossini
    Suppose you have something like this: class intlist: def __init__(self,l = []): self.l = l def add(self,a): self.l.append(a) def appender(a): obj = intlist() obj.add(a) print obj.l if __name__ == "__main__": for i in range(5): appender(i) A function creates an instance of intlist and calls on this fresh instance the method append on the instance attribute l. How comes the output of this code is: [0] [0, 1] [0, 1, 2] [0, 1, 2, 3] [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] ? If i switch obj = intlist() with obj = intlist(l=[]) I get the desired output [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] Why this happens? Thanks

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  • Build a decision tree for classification of large amount data,using python?

    - by kaushik
    Hi,i am working for speech synthesis.In this i have a large number of pronunciation for each phone i.e alphabet and need to classify them according to few feature such as segment size(int) and alphabet itself(string) into a smaller set suitable for that particular context. For this purpose,i have decided to use decision tree for classification.the data to be parsed is in the S expression format.eg:((question)(LEFTNODE)(RIGHTNODE)). i hav idea for building decision tree for normal buit in type such as list..looking for suggestion for implementation for S expression.. kindly help.. Thanks in advance.. Note:this question may look similar to my prev post,srry if cant giv multiple post.already edited it many times so though of wirting new question instead of editing again

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  • So, I guess I can't use "&&" in the Python if conditional. Any help?

    - by Sergio Tapia
    Here's my code: # F. front_back # Consider dividing a string into two halves. # If the length is even, the front and back halves are the same length. # If the length is odd, we'll say that the extra char goes in the front half. # e.g. 'abcde', the front half is 'abc', the back half 'de'. # Given 2 strings, a and b, return a string of the form # a-front + b-front + a-back + b-back def front_back(a, b): # +++your code here+++ if len(a) % 2 == 0 && len(b) % 2 == 0: return a[:(len(a)/2)] + b[:(len(b)/2)] + a[(len(a)/2):] + b[(len(b)/2):] else: #todo! Not yet done. :P return I'm getting an error in the IF conditional. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Create function in python to find the highest of all function arguments, and return the "tag" of the value.

    - by gatechgrad
    Consider the following: p1=1; p2=5; p3=7; highest=max(p1,p2,p3). The max function would return 7. I am looking to create a similar function, which would return "p3". I have created a small function (by simple comparisons) for the above example, shown below. however I am having trouble when the number of arguments go up. def highest(p1,p2,p3) if (p1p2) and (p1p3): return "p1" if (p2p1) and (p2p3): return "p2" if (p3p1) and (p3p1): return "p3". Is there a simpler way to do this

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  • How should I declare default values for instance variables in Python?

    - by int3
    Should I give my class members default values like this: class Foo: num = 1 or like this? class Foo: def __init__(self): self.num = 1 In this question I discovered that in both cases, bar = Foo() bar.num += 1 is a well-defined operation. I understand that the first method will give me a class variable while the second one will not. However, if I do not require a class variable, but only need to set a default value for my instance variables, are both methods equally good? Or one of them more 'pythonic' than the other? One thing I've noticed is that in the Django tutorial, they use the second method to declare Models. Personally I think the second method is more elegant, but I'd like to know what the 'standard' way is.

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  • Where is a good place/way to store Windows config files for Python scripts?

    - by thornomad
    I have a script/program I am working on that requires a configuration file (I am using ConfigParser). On linux, I will default to store these variables in ~/.myscript using the os.getenv('HOME') function. With Windows, I know I can use os.getenv('USERPROFILE') to find the User's "home" directory, however, is it a good idea to save a hidden file that way (ie, with the name .myscript)? I don't use Windows, obviously, but wanted to be smart about it for those who do. Is there a standard place/way to store these config variables on Windows?

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  • how to scrawl file hosting website with scrapy in python?

    - by Veryel Hua
    Can anyone help me to figure out how to scrawl file hosting website like filefactory.com? I don't want to download all the file hosted but just to index all available files with scrapy. I have read the tutorial and docs with respect to spider class for scrapy. If I only give the website main page as the begining url I wouldn't not scrawl the whole site, because the scrawling depends on links but the begining page seems not point to any file pages. That's the problem I am thinking and any help would be appreciated!

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  • Python:How to override inner class methods if the inner class is defined as a property of the top cl

    - by Maddy
    I have a code snippet like this class A(object): class b: def print_hello(self): print "Hello world" b = property(b) And I want to override the inner class 'b'(please dont worry about the lowercase name) behaviour. Say, I want to add a new method or I want to change an existing method, like: class C(A): class b(A.b): def print_hello(self): print "Inner Class: Hello world" b = property(b) Now if I create C's object as c = C(), and call c.b I get TypeError: 'property' object is not callable error. How would I get pass this and call print_hello of the extended inner class? Disclaimer: I dont want to change the code for A class.

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  • How can I specify a relative path in a Python logging config file?

    - by ClaudioA
    I've the following file to config logging: [loggers] keys=root [handlers] keys = root [formatters] keys = generic # Loggers [logger_root] level = DEBUG handlers = root # Handlers [handler_root] class = handlers.RotatingFileHandler args = ("test.log", "maxBytes=1*1024*1024", "backupCount=10") level = NOTSET formatter = generic # Formatters [formatter_generic] format = %(asctime)s,%(msecs)03d %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s] %(message)s datefmt = %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S In Development this works great, but when I deploy the application test.log is trying to be written in a path in which I don't have the necessary permission. So my question is, How can I do to specify a relative path in this configuration file.

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  • Python: why does this code take forever (infinite loop?)

    - by Rosarch
    I'm developing an app in Google App Engine. One of my methods is taking never completing, which makes me think it's caught in an infinite loop. I've stared at it, but can't figure it out. Disclaimer: I'm using http://code.google.com/p/gaeunitlink text to run my tests. Perhaps it's acting oddly? This is the problematic function: def _traverseForwards(course, c_levels): ''' Looks forwards in the dependency graph ''' result = {'nodes': [], 'arcs': []} if c_levels == 0: return result model_arc_tails_with_course = set(_getListArcTailsWithCourse(course)) q_arc_heads = DependencyArcHead.all() for model_arc_head in q_arc_heads: for model_arc_tail in model_arc_tails_with_course: if model_arc_tail.key() in model_arc_head.tails: result['nodes'].append(model_arc_head.sink) result['arcs'].append(_makeArc(course, model_arc_head.sink)) # rec_result = _traverseForwards(model_arc_head.sink, c_levels - 1) # _extendResult(result, rec_result) return result Originally, I thought it might be a recursion error, but I commented out the recursion and the problem persists. If this function is called with c_levels = 0, it runs fine. The models it references: class Course(db.Model): dept_code = db.StringProperty() number = db.IntegerProperty() title = db.StringProperty() raw_pre_reqs = db.StringProperty(multiline=True) original_description = db.StringProperty() def getPreReqs(self): return pickle.loads(str(self.raw_pre_reqs)) def __repr__(self): return "%s %s: %s" % (self.dept_code, self.number, self.title) class DependencyArcTail(db.Model): ''' A list of courses that is a pre-req for something else ''' courses = db.ListProperty(db.Key) def equals(self, arcTail): for this_course in self.courses: if not (this_course in arcTail.courses): return False for other_course in arcTail.courses: if not (other_course in self.courses): return False return True class DependencyArcHead(db.Model): ''' Maintains a course, and a list of tails with that course as their sink ''' sink = db.ReferenceProperty() tails = db.ListProperty(db.Key) Utility functions it references: def _makeArc(source, sink): return {'source': source, 'sink': sink} def _getListArcTailsWithCourse(course): ''' returns a LIST, not SET there may be duplicate entries ''' q_arc_heads = DependencyArcHead.all() result = [] for arc_head in q_arc_heads: for key_arc_tail in arc_head.tails: model_arc_tail = db.get(key_arc_tail) if course.key() in model_arc_tail.courses: result.append(model_arc_tail) return result Am I missing something pretty obvious here, or is GAEUnit acting up?

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  • do the Python libraries have a natural dependence on the global namespace?

    - by msw
    I first ran into this when trying to determine the relative performance of two generators: t = timeit.repeat('g.get()', setup='g = my_generator()') So I dug into the timeit module and found that the setup and statement are evaluated with their own private, initially empty namespaces so naturally the binding of g never becomes accessible to the g.get() statement. The obvious solution is to wrap them into a class, thus adding to the global namespace. I bumped into this again when attempting, in another project, to use the multiprocessing module to divide a task among workers. I even bundled everything nicely into a class but unfortunately the call pool.apply_async(runmc, arg) fails with a PicklingError because buried inside the work object that runmc instantiates is (effectively) an assignment: self.predicate = lambda x, y: x > y so the whole object can't be (understandably) pickled and whereas: def foo(x, y): return x > y pickle.dumps(foo) is fine, the sequence bar = lambda x, y: x > y yields True from callable(bar) and from type(bar), but it Can't pickle <function <lambda> at 0xb759b764>: it's not found as __main__.<lambda>. I've given only code fragments because I can easily fix these cases by merely pulling them out into module or object level defs. The bug here appears to be in my understanding of the semantics of namespace use in general. If the nature of the language requires that I create more def statements I'll happily do so; I fear that I'm missing an essential concept though. Why is there such a strong reliance on the global namespace? Or, what am I failing to understand? Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!

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