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  • In Python, how do I search a flat file for the closest match to a particular numeric value?

    - by kaushik
    have file data of format 3.343445 1 3.54564 1 4.345535 1 2.453454 1 and so on upto 1000 lines and i have number given such as a=2.44443 for the given file i need to find the row number of the numbers in file which is most close to the given number "a" how can i do this i am presently doing by loading whole file into list and comparing each element and finding the closest one any other better faster method? my code:i need to ru this for different file each time around 20000 times so want a fast method p=os.path.join("c:/begpython/wavnk/",str(str(str(save_a[1]).replace('phone','text'))+'.pm')) x=open(p , 'r') for i in range(6): x.readline() j=0 o=[] for line in x: oj=str(str(line).rstrip('\n')).split(' ') o=o+[oj] j=j+1 temp=long(1232332) end_time=save_a[4] for i in range((j-1)): diff=float(o[i][0])-float(end_time) if diff<0: diff=diff*(-1) if temp>diff: temp=diff pm_row=i

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  • How do I create a list of timedeltas in python?

    - by eunhealee
    I've been searching through this website and have seen multiple references to time deltas, but haven't quite found what I'm looking for. Basically, I have a list of messages that are received by a comms server and I want to calcuate the latency time between each message out and in. It looks like this: 161336.934072 - TMsg out: [O] enter order. RefID [123] OrdID [4568] 161336.934159 - TMsg in: [A] accepted. ordID [456] RefNumber [123] Mixed in with these messages are other messages as well, however, I only want to capture the difference between the Out messages and in messages with the same RefID. So far, to sort out from the main log which messages are Tmessages I've been doing this, but it's really inefficient. I don't need to be making new files everytime.: big_file = open('C:/Users/kdalton/Documents/Minicomm.txt', 'r') small_file1 = open('small_file1.txt', 'w') for line in big_file: if 'T' in line: small_file1.write(line) big_file.close() small_file1.close() How do I calculate the time deltas between the two messages and sort out these messages from the main log?

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  • Add characters (',') every time a certain character ( , )is encountered ? Python 2.7.3

    - by draconisthe0ry
    Let's say you had a string test = 'wow, hello, how, are, you, doing' and you wanted full_list = ['wow','hello','how','are','you','doing'] i know you would start out with an empty list: empty_list = [] and would create a for loop to append the items into a list i'm just confused on how to go about this, I was trying something along the lines of: for i in test: if i == ',': then I get stuck . . .

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  • How to censor IP addresses in a file with Python?

    - by Julio
    Hello everyone. I have a log file containing some Whois entries with relative IP addresses which I want to censor like: 81.190.123.123 in 81.190.xxx.xxx. Is there a way to make such a conversion and rewrite the file contents without modifying the rest? Thank you for the help!

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  • Putting newline in matplotlib label with TeX in Python?

    - by user248237
    How can I add a newline to a plot's label (e.g. xlabel or ylabel) in Matplotlib? For example, plt.bar([1, 2], [4, 5]) plt.xlabel("My x label") plt.ylabel(r"My long label with $\Sigma_{C}$ math \n continues here") Ideally i'd like the y-labeled to be centered too. Is there a way to do this? It's important that the label have both tex (enclosed in '$') and the newline. thanks.

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  • what is the correct way to close a socket in python 2.6?

    - by davidshen84
    hi, i have a simple server/client. and i am using the netcat as the client to test the server. if i stop the server before the client exit, i will not be able to start the server again for a while and i go this error: " [Errno 98] Address already in use " but if i close the client first, then the server stops, i will not have this issue. my server socket works like this: try: s=socket s.bind(..) s.listen(1) conn,addr=s.accept() finally: conn.close() s.close() it feels to me that the server did not close the socket properly. but i do not know how to fix this.

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  • Is there a better way to write this URL Manipulation in Python?

    - by dnolen
    I'm curious if there's a simpler way to remove a particular parameter from a url. What I came up with is the following. This seems a bit verbose. Libraries to use or a more pythonic version appreciated. parsed = urlparse(url) if parsed.query != "": params = dict([s.split("=") for s in parsed.query.split("&")]) if params.get("page"): del params["page"] url = urlunparse((parsed.scheme, None, parsed.path, None, urlencode(params.items()), parsed.fragment,)) parsed = urlparse(url)

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  • Would Python's Twisted library be the best case for an observer type pattern?

    - by beagleguy
    hi all, I'm developing a system where a queue will be filled with millions of items I need a process that reads items from the queue constantly and then sends those items out to registered clients. I'm thinking about using twisted for this, having the queue reader be a twisted server listening on a tcp port then clients can connect on that port and when an item is pulled from the queue the server writes it out to all the clients. Does that sound like something that twisted would be ideal for? Does anyone know of any sample code out there that may do something similar? thanks

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  • Python class structure ... prep() method?

    - by Adam Nelson
    We have a metaclass, a class, and a child class for an alert system: class AlertMeta(type): """ Metaclass for all alerts Reads attrs and organizes AlertMessageType data """ def __new__(cls, base, name, attrs): new_class = super(AlertMeta, cls).__new__(cls, base, name, attrs) # do stuff to new_class return new_class class BaseAlert(object): """ BaseAlert objects should be instantiated in order to create new AlertItems. Alert objects have classmethods for dequeue (to batch AlertItems) and register (for associated a user to an AlertType and AlertMessageType) If the __init__ function recieves 'dequeue=True' as a kwarg, then all other arguments will be ignored and the Alert will check for messages to send """ __metaclass__ = AlertMeta def __init__(self, **kwargs): dequeue = kwargs.pop('dequeue',None) if kwargs: raise ValueError('Unexpected keyword arguments: %s' % kwargs) if dequeue: self.dequeue() else: # Do Normal init stuff def dequeue(self): """ Pop batched AlertItems """ # Dequeue from a custom queue class CustomAlert(BaseAlert): def __init__(self,**kwargs): # prepare custom init data super(BaseAlert, self).__init__(**kwargs) We would like to be able to make child classes of BaseAlert (CustomAlert) that allow us to run dequeue and to be able to run their own __init__ code. We think there are three ways to do this: Add a prep() method that returns True in the BaseAlert and is called by __init__. Child classes could define their own prep() methods. Make dequeue() a class method - however, alot of what dequeue() does requires non-class methods - so we'd have to make those class methods as well. Create a new class for dealing with the queue. Would this class extend BaseAlert? Is there a standard way of handling this type of situation?

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  • What would happen if a same file being read and appended at the same time(python programming)?

    - by Shane
    I'm writing a script using two separate thread one doing file reading operation and the other doing appending, both threads run fairly frequently. My question is, if one thread happens to read the file while the other is just in the middle of appending strings such as "This is a test" into this file, what would happen? I know if you are appending a smaller-than-buffer string, no matter how frequently you read the file in other threads, there would never be incomplete line such as "This i" appearing in your read file, I mean the os would either do: append "This is a test" - read info from the file; or: read info from the file - append "This is a test" to the file; and such would never happen: append "This i" - read info from the file - append "s a test". But if "This is a test" is big enough(assuming it's a bigger-than-buffer string), the os can't do appending job in one operation, so the appending job would be divided into two: first append "This i" to the file, then append "s a test", so in this kind of situation if I happen to read the file in the middle of the whole appending operation, would I get such result: append "This i" - read info from the file - append "s a test", which means I might read a file that includes an incomplete string?

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  • Python `if x is not None` or `if not x is None`?

    - by orokusaki
    I've always thought of the if not x is None version to be more clear, but Google's style guide implies (based on this excerpt) that they use if x is not None. Is there any minor performance difference (I'm assuming not), and is there any case where one really doesn't fit (making the other a clear winner for my convention)?* *I'm referring to any singleton, rather than just None. ...to compare singletons like None. Use is or is not.

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  • lambda vs. operator.attrGetter('xxx') as sort key in Python

    - by Paul McGuire
    I am looking at some code that has a lot of sort calls using comparison functions, and it seems like it should be using key functions. If you were to change seq.sort(lambda x,y: cmp(x.xxx, y.xxx)), which is preferable: seq.sort(key=operator.attrgetter('xxx')) or: seq.sort(key=lambda a:a.xxx) I would also be interested in comments on the merits of making changes to existing code that works.

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  • Python library to detect if a file has changed between different runs?

    - by Stefano Borini
    Suppose I have a program A. I run it, and performs some operation starting from a file foo.txt. Now A terminates. New run of A. It checks if the file foo.txt has changed. If the file has changed, A runs its operation again, otherwise, it quits. Does a library function/external library for this exists ? Of course it can be implemented with an md5 + a file/db containing the md5. I want to prevent reinventing the wheel.

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  • smarter "reverse" of a dictionary in python (acc for some of values being the same)?

    - by mrkafk
    def revert_dict(d): rd = {} for key in d: val = d[key] if val in rd: rd[val].append(key) else: rd[val] = [key] return rd >>> revert_dict({'srvc3': '1', 'srvc2': '1', 'srvc1': '2'}) {'1': ['srvc3', 'srvc2'], '2': ['srvc1']} This obviously isn't simple exchange of keys with values: this would overwrite some values (as new keys) which is NOT what I'm after. If 2 or more values are the same for different keys, keys are supposed to be grouped in a list. The above function works, but I wonder if there is a smarter / faster way?

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  • What is the fastest (to access) struct-like object in Python?

    - by DNS
    I'm optimizing some code whose main bottleneck is running through and accessing a very large list of struct-like objects. Currently I'm using namedtuples, for readability. But some quick benchmarking using 'timeit' shows that this is really the wrong way to go where performance is a factor: Named tuple with a, b, c: >>> timeit("z = a.c", "from __main__ import a") 0.38655471766332994 Class using __slots__, with a, b, c: >>> timeit("z = b.c", "from __main__ import b") 0.14527461047146062 Dictionary with keys a, b, c: >>> timeit("z = c['c']", "from __main__ import c") 0.11588272541098377 Tuple with three values, using a constant key: >>> timeit("z = d[2]", "from __main__ import d") 0.11106188992948773 List with three values, using a constant key: >>> timeit("z = e[2]", "from __main__ import e") 0.086038238242508669 Tuple with three values, using a local key: >>> timeit("z = d[key]", "from __main__ import d, key") 0.11187358437882722 List with three values, using a local key: >>> timeit("z = e[key]", "from __main__ import e, key") 0.088604143037173344 First of all, is there anything about these little timeit tests that would render them invalid? I ran each several times, to make sure no random system event had thrown them off, and the results were almost identical. It would appear that dictionaries offer the best balance between performance and readability, with classes coming in second. This is unfortunate, since, for my purposes, I also need the object to be sequence-like; hence my choice of namedtuple. Lists are substantially faster, but constant keys are unmaintainable; I'd have to create a bunch of index-constants, i.e. KEY_1 = 1, KEY_2 = 2, etc. which is also not ideal. Am I stuck with these choices, or is there an alternative that I've missed?

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  • How can I login to a website with Python?

    - by Shady
    How can I do it? I was trying to enter some specified link (with urllib), but to do it, I need to log in. I have this source from the site: <form id="login-form" action="auth/login" method="post"> <div> <!--label for="rememberme">Remember me</label><input type="checkbox" class="remember" checked="checked" name="remember me" /--> <label for="email" id="email-label" class="no-js">Email</label> <input id="email-email" type="text" name="handle" value="" autocomplete="off" /> <label for="combination" id="combo-label" class="no-js">Combination</label> <input id="password-clear" type="text" value="Combination" autocomplete="off" /> <input id="password-password" type="password" name="password" value="" autocomplete="off" /> <input id="sumbitLogin" class="signin" type="submit" value="Sign In" /> Is this possible?

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  • How to use a Proxy with Youtube API? (Python)

    - by Kate
    Hi, I'm working a script that will upload videos to YouTube with different accounts. Is there a way to use HTTPS or SOCKS proxies to filter all the requests. My client doesn't want to leave any footprints for Google. The only way I found was to set the proxy environment variable beforehand but this seems cumbersome. Is there some way I'm missing? Thanks :)

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