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  • How to determine what user and group a Python script is running as?

    - by Chirael
    I have a CGI script that is getting an "IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied" error in the stack trace in the web server's error log. As part of debugging this problem, I'd like to add a little bit of code to the script to print the user and (especially) group that the script is running as, into the error log (presumably STDERR). I know I can just print the values to sys.stderr, but how do I figure out what user and group the script is running as? (I'm particularly interested in the group, so the $USER environment variable won't help; the CGI script has the setgid bit set so it should be running as group "list" instead of the web server's "www-data" - but I need code to see if that's actually happening.)

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  • Python fCGI + sqlAlchemy = malformed header from script. Bad header=FROM tags : index.py

    - by crgwbr
    I'm writing an Fast-CGI application that makes use of sqlAlchemy & MySQL for persistent data storage. I have no problem connecting to the DB and setting up ORM (so that tables get mapped to classes); I can even add data to tables (in memory). But, as soon as I query the DB (and push any changes from memory to storage) I get a 500 Internal Server Error and my error.log records malformed header from script. Bad header=FROM tags : index.py, when tags is the table name. Any idea what could be causing this? Also, I don't think it matters, but its a Linux development server talking to an off-site (across the country) MySQL server.

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  • Retrieving information with Python's urllib from a page that is done via __doPostBack()?

    - by Omar
    I'm trying to parse a page that has different sections that are loaded with a Javascript __doPostBack() function. An example of a link is: javascript:__doPostBack('ctl00$cphMain$ucOemSchPicker$dlSch$ctl03$btnSch','') As soon as this is clicked, the browser doesn't fetch a new URL but a section of webpage is updated to reflect new information. What would I pass into a urllib function to complete the operation?

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  • How should I write this string-prefix check so that it's idiomatic Python?

    - by Kevin Stargel
    I have a couple of lists of items: specials = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', ...] smoothies = ['banana-apple', 'mocha mango', ...] I want to make a new list, special_smoothies, consisting of elements in smoothies that start with the elements in specials. However, if specials is blank, special_smoothies should be identical to smoothies. What's the most Pythonic way to do this? Is there a way to do this without a separate conditional check on whether specials is blank?

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  • how to set a fixed color bar for pcolor in python matplotlib?

    - by user248237
    I am using pcolor with a custom color map to plot a matrix of values. I set my color map so that low values are white and high values are red, as shown below. All of my matrices have values between 0 and 20 (inclusive) and I'd like 20 to always be pure red and 0 to always be pure white, even if the matrix has values that don't span the entire range. For example, if my matrix only has values between 2 and 7, I don't want it to plot 2 as white and 7 as red, but rather color it as if the range is still 0 to 20. How can I do this? I tried using the "ticks=" option of colorbar but it did not work. Here is my current code (assume "my_matrix" contains the values to be plotted): cdict = {'red': ((0.0, 1.0, 1.0), (0.5, 1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)), 'green': ((0.0, 1.0, 1.0), (0.5, 1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)), 'blue': ((0.0, 1.0, 1.0), (0.5, 1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0, 0.0))} my_cmap = matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap('my_colormap', cdict, 256) colored_matrix = plt.pcolor(my_matrix, cmap=my_cmap) plt.colorbar(colored_matrix, ticks=[0, 5, 10, 15, 20]) any idea how I can fix this to get the right result? thanks very much.

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  • Is it possible to create a python iterator over pre-defined mutable data?

    - by Wilduck
    I might be doing this wrong, if I am, let me know, but I'm curious if the following is possible: I have a class that holds a number of dictionaries, each of which pairs names to a different set of objects of a given class. For example: items = {"ball" : ItemInstance1, "sword" : ItemInstance2} people = {"Jerry" : PersonInstance1, "Bob" : PersonInstance2, "Jill" : PersonInstance3} My class would then hold the current items and people that are availible, and these would be subject to change as the state changes: Class State: def __init__(self, items, people): self.items = items self.people = people I would like to define a iter() and next() method such that it iterates through all of the values in its attributes. My first question is whether or not this is possible. If it is, will it be able to support a situation as follows: I define items and people as above then: state = State(items, people) for names, thing in state: print name + " is " + thing.color items[cheese] = ItemInstance3 for names, thing in state: print name + " weighs " + thing.weight While I feel like this would be usefull in the code I have, I don't know if it's either possible or the right approach. Everything I've read about user defined iterators has suggested that each instance of them is one use only.

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  • fastest way to search through this data object? (python)

    - by victor
    I have a data object that looks like this: { 'node-16': { 'tags': ['cuda'], 'localNodes': [ { 'name': 'nC', 'consumesFrom': ['nA', 'nB'], 'classType': 'VectorAdder.VectorAdder' }, { 'name': 'nB', 'consumesFrom': None, 'classType': 'RandomVector' } ] }, 'node-17': { 'tags': ['boring'], 'localNodes': [ { 'name': 'nA', 'consumesFrom': None, 'classType': 'RandomVector' } ] } } Notice that node nA is a producer for nC. What's the fastest way to find out if a given localNode is a producer for another localnode in the data structure (and not within the same list)? For example, I would like to know that nA (node-17) produces for nC (exists on node-16). But I don't need to know that nB produces for nC, since they exist in the same localNodes list.

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  • Get class of caller's method (via inspect) in Python; or: super(Class,self).method() replacement wit

    - by Slava Vishnyakov
    Is it possible to get reference to class B in this example? class A(object): pass class B(A): def test(self): test2() class C(B): pass import inspect def test2(): frame = inspect.currentframe().f_back cls = frame.[?something here?] # cls here should == B (class) c = C() c.test() Basically, C is child of B, B is child of A. Then we create c of type C. Then the call to c.test() actually calls B.test() (via inheritance), which calls to test2(). test2() can get the parent frame frame; code reference to method via frame.f_code; self via frame.f_locals['self']; but type(frame.f_locals['self']) is C (of course), but not B, where method is defined. Any way to get B?

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  • python: a way to get an exhaustive, sorted list of keys in a nested dictionary?

    - by saidimu
    exhaustive: - all keys in the dictionary, even if the keys are in a nested dictionary that is a value to a previous-level dictionary key. sorted: - this is to ensure the keys are always returned in the same order The nesting is arbitrarily deep. A non-recursive algorithm is preferred. level1 = { 'a' : 'aaaa', 'level2_1' : {'b': 'bbbbb', 'level3': {'c': 'cccc', 'd': 'dddddd'} }, 'level2_2' : { 'z': 'zzzzzzz' } }

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  • Python: Find X to Y in a list of strings.

    - by TheLizardKing
    I have a list of maybe a 100 or so elements that is actually an email with each line as an element. The list is slightly variable because lines that have a \n in them are put in a separate element so I can't simply slice using fixed values. I essentially need a variable start and stop phrase (needs to be a partial search as well because one of my start phrases might actually be Total Cost: $13.43 so I would just use Total Cost:.) Same thing with the end phrase. I also do not wish to include the start/stop phrases in the returned list. In summary: email = ['apples','bananas','cats','dogs','elephants','fish','gee'] start = 'ban' stop = 'ele' the magic here new_email = ['cats','dogs'] NOTES While not perfect formatting of the email, it is fairly consistent so there is a slim chance a start/stop phrase will occur more than once. There are also no blank elements.

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  • Possible to capture the returned value from a Python list comprehension for use a condition?

    - by Joe
    I want to construct a value in a list comprehension, but also filter on that value. For example: [expensive_function(x) for x in generator where expensive_function(x) < 5] I want to avoid calling expensive_function twice per iteration. The generator may return an infinite series, and list comprehensions aren't lazily evaluated. So this wouldn't work: [y in [expensive_function(x) for x in generator where expensive_function(x)] where y < 5] I could write this another way, but it feels right for a list comprehension and I'm sure this is a common usage pattern (possible or not!).

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  • What's the life-time of a thread-local value in Python?

    - by Carlos Valiente
    import threading mydata = threading.local() def run(): # When will the garbage collector be able to destroy the object created # here? After the thread exits from ``run()``? After ``join()`` is called? # Or will it survive the thread in which it was created, and live until # ``mydata`` is garbage-collected? mydata.foo = object() t = threading.Thread(target=run) t.start() t.join()

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  • What are the elegant ways to do MixIns in Python?

    - by Slava Vishnyakov
    I need to find an elegant way to do 2 kinds of MixIns. First: class A(object): def method1(self): do_something() Now, a MixInClass should make method1 do this: do_other() - A.method1() - do_smth_else() - i.e. basically "wrap" the older function. I'm pretty sure there must exist a good solution to this. Second: class B(object): def method1(self): do_something() do_more() In this case, I want MixInClass2 to be able to inject itself between do_something() and do_more(), i.e.: do_something() - MixIn.method1 - do_more(). I understand that probably this would require modifying class B - that's ok, just looking for simplest ways to achieve this. These are pretty trivial problems and I actually solved them, but my solution is tainted. Fisrt one by using self._old_method1 = self.method1(); self.method1() = self._new_method1(); and writing _new_method1() that calls to _old_method1(). Problem: multiple MixIns will all rename to _old_method1 and it is inelegant. Second MixIn one was solved by creating a dummy method call_mixin(self): pass and injecting it between calls and defining self.call_mixin(). Again inelegant and will break on multiple MixIns.. Any ideas?

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  • Is it possible to use 'else' in a python list comprehension?

    - by Josh
    Here is the code I was trying to turn into a list comprehension: table = '' for index in xrange(256): if index in ords_to_keep: table += chr(index) else: table += replace_with Is there a way to add the else statement to this comprehension? table = ''.join(chr(index) for index in xrange(15) if index in ords_to_keep) Also, would I be right in concluding that a list comprehension is the most efficient way to do this?

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  • Python appengine Query does not work when using a variable.

    - by Lloyd
    Hi, I am trying to use a fetcher method to retrieve items from my datastore. If I use the following def getItem(item_id): q = Item.all() q.filter("itemid = ", item_id) It fails because nothing is returned. If I hard code in an item like def getItem(item_id): q = Item.all() q.filter("itemid = ", 9000) it fetches just fine, and sings merrily along. I have tried every which way to get this to work. I have used result = db.GqlQuery("SELECT * FROM Item WHERE item_id = :1 LIMIT 1", title).fetch(1) to the same effect. If I hard code in a number, works fine. I have tried setting the select statement as a local string, assembling it that way, casting the int as a string, and nothing. When I output the SELECT statement to the screen, looks fine. I can cut ans paste the output into the string, and whammo, it works. Any help would be appreciated.

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  • how to use @ in python.. and the @property and the @classmethods

    - by zjm1126
    this is my code: def a(): print 'sss' @a() def b(): print 'aaa' b() and the Traceback is: sss Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\zjm_code\a.py", line 8, in <module> @a() TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable so how to use the '@' thanks updated class a: @property def b(x): print 'sss' aa=a() print aa.b it print : sss None how to use @property thanks updated2 and the classmethods: class a: @classmethods def b(x): print 'sss' aa=a() print aa.b the Traceback is : Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\zjm_code\a.py", line 5, in <module> class a: File "D:\zjm_code\a.py", line 6, in a @classmethods NameError: name 'classmethods' is not defined

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