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• How come verification does not include actual testing?

  - by user970696

  Having read a lot about this topic, I still did not get it. Verification should prove that you are building the product right, while validation you build the right product. But only static techniques are mentioned as being verification methods (code reviews, requirements checks...). But how can you say if its implemented correctly if you do not test it? It is said that verification checks e.g. code for its correctnes. Verification - ensure that the product meet specified requirements. Again, if the function is specified to work somehow, only by testing I can say that it does. Could anyone explain this to me please? EDIT: As Wiki says: Verification:Preparing of the test cases (based on the analysis of the requireemnts) Validation: Running of the test cases

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• Suggestions for getting an open source electron beam tracking code going

  - by Boaz

  I work in the field of accelerator physics and synchrotron radiation. High energy electrons circulating in large rings of magnets produce x-rays that are used for a variety of different kinds of science. Running and improving these facilities requires controlling and modelling the electron beam as it circulates in the ring. A code to model this basically requires trackers to follow the electrons through the elements (something called a symplectic integrator), and then the computation of different parameters associated with this motion. The problem with these codes is that every facility has there own. In principle the code is not so complex. And as a modelling project, one might think it has some general interest. Who doesn't want to be able to create a track in space out of magnets and watch the electrons circulate? There is a Matlab based code to do this called Accelerator Toolbox, but the creator of the code is no longer in the field. I put the code in Sourceforge under the name atcollab. The basic resource is in C- it is the set of symplectic integrators. These are available in the atcollab code here. It has been useful to put the code on Sourceforge in order to exchange code, but the community of users is quite small and most are too busy to put that much time into collaboration. So in terms of really improving the code, I don't think it has been so successful. Any piece of this picture could be recreated without that much difficulty, but overall it is a bit complex, and because each lab has their own installation with lots of add-on Matlab code, people find it hard to really work together and share code. Somehow I think we need to involve a wider community in our development, or just use some standard tools. But for that, I suppose it needs to be of some general interest. I think symplectic integrators may have some general interest. And the part about a plug-in architecture to build up the ring ought to fit other patterns. Or the other option is to just accept that this is not a problem of general interest, and work harder within our small community. Suggestions, or anecdotes of analogous experience would be appreciated.

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• How to tackle a boss who thinks everybody in this world is wrong except him?

  - by anon

  I mean seriously, how do you tackle a guy who even changes our variable names (even though they are reasonable) and sends back the code (after review) like 4 times? I know for sure I'm not that bad a developer! So many times, he enforces his ideals, which are not even best practices in the industry! I point out to him whatever link I can find on the internet trying to prove my point, but in the end he uses his authority to shut us out. Sick and tired. Frustrated. Do I have any way out other than quitting the job?

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• How can I refactor client side functionality to create a product line-like generic design?

  - by Nupul

  Assume the following situation similar to that of Stack Overflow: I have a system with a front-end that can perform various manipulations on the data (by sending messages to REST back-end): Posting Editing and deleting Adding labels and tags Now in the first version we created it well modularized but the need as of now for 'evolving' the system similar to Stack Overflow. My question is how best to separate the commonality and how to incorporate the variability with respect to the following: Commonality: The above 'functionalities' and sending/receiving the data from the server Look and feel (also a variability as explained below) HTTP verbs associated with the above actions Variability: The RESTful URLs where the requests are sent The text/style of the UI (the commonality is analogous to Stack Overflow - the functionality of upvotes, posting a question remains the same, but the words, the icons, the look and feel is still different across sites) I think this is entirely a client-side code organization/refactoring issue. I'm heavily using jQuery, javascript and backbone for front-end development. My question is how best should I isolate the same to be able to create multiple such aspects to the tool we are currently working on?

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• What type of encoding can I use to make a string shorter?

  - by Abe Miessler

  I am interested in encoding a string I have and I am curious if there is a type of encoding that can be used that will only include alpha and numeric characters and would preferably shorten the number of characters needed to represent the string. So far I have looked at using Base64 encoding to do this but it appears to make my string longer and sometimes includes == which I would like to avoid. Example: test name|120101 becomes dGVzdCBuYW1lfDEyMDEwMQ== which goes from 16 to 24 characters and includes non-alphanumeric. Does anyone know of a different type of encoding that I could use that will achieve my requirements? Bonus points if it's either built into the .NET framework or there exists a third party library that will do the encoding.

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• What tools are available to generate end user documentation?

  - by Rowland Shaw

  End user documentation on how to use applications is an important part of the user experience of applications, irrespective of whether they are winforms, wpf or even asp applications. In a startup or internal development team situation, where there isn't a dedicated documentation department, it can take a lot of resources to maintain screen shots and associated user documentation, such as on-line help or even printable manuals. What tools are available to assist in creating screenshots of all the "screens" within an application (be they winforms, wpf or aspx) to help automate the capture of screen shots, and associating with the relevant documentation? In addiiton, are there any that allow automation of annotations of a particular control (so use cases like: Draw a red box around the Username control with a callout to say "This is where you'd enter your user name, in the form '[email protected]'")?

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• Identity verification

  - by acjohnson55

  On a site that I'm working on, I'm trying to find ways of enforcing a one-person, one-account rule. In general, we'd like to do this by providing options to authenticate users with third-party services that provide this assurance. For example, it's possible to authenticate with Facebook and check whether the user is considered "verified" by Facebook (which means they must have provided either a phone number or credit card). This is roughly the level of identity verification we require--we're not doing banking or anything like that. But we want to give the user options. My question is, who else, besides Facebook, provides this? (uncertain of the proper SE forum, please comment if there's a better SE site to ask this)

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• Erlang web frameworks survey

  - by Zachary K

  (Inspired by similar question on Haskel) There are several web frameworks for Erlang like Nitrogen, Chicago Boss, and Zotonic, and a few more. In what aspects do they differ from each other? For example: features (e.g. server only, or also client scripting, easy support for different kinds of database) maturity (e.g. stability, documentation quality) scalability (e.g. performance, handy abstraction) main targets Also, what are examples of real-world sites / web apps using these frameworks? EDIT: Starting a bounty in hopes that it will get some conversation going

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• Many small scripts, one repository or multiple?

  - by The Jug

  A co-worker and myself have run into an issue that we have multiple opinions on. Currently we have a git repository that we are keeping all of our cronjobs in. There are about 20 crons and they are not really related except for the fact that they are all small python scripts and essential for some activity. We are using a fabric.py file to deploy and a requirements.txt file to manage requirements for all of the scripts. Our issue is basically, do we keep all of these scripts in one git repository or should we be separating them out into their own repositories? By keeping them in one repository it is easier to deploy them onto one server. We can use just one cron file for all the scripts. However this feels wrong, as the 20 cronjobs are not logically related. Additionally, when using one requirements.txt file for all the scripts, it's hard to figure out what the dependencies are for a particular script and they all have to use the same versions of packages. We could separate all of the scripts out into their own repositories but this creates 20 different repositories that need to be remembered and dealt with. Most of these scripts are not very large and that solution seems to be overkill. A related question is, do we use one big crontab file for all cronjobs, or a separate file for each? If each has their own, how does one crontab's installation avoid overwriting the other 19? This also seems like a pain as there would then by 20 different cron files to keep track of. In short, our main question and issue is do we keep them all closely bundled as one repository or do we separate them out into their own repository with their own requirements.txt and fabfile.py? We feel like we're also probably looking over some really simple solution. Is there an easier way to deal with this issue?

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• How a .NET Programmer learn Big Data/Hadoop? [on hold]

  - by Smith Pascal Jr.

  I have been ASP.NET developer for sometime now and I have been reading a lot about Big Data- Hadoop and its future as to how it is the next technology in IT and how it would be useful to create million of jobs in US and elsewhere in the world. Now since Hadoop is an open source big data tool which is managed by Apache Server Foundation Group, I'm assuming I have to be well aware of JAVA - Correct me if I'm wrong. Moreover, How a .NET programmer can learn Big Data and its related technologies and can work professionally full time into this technology? What challenges and opportunities does a .NET professional face while changing the technology platform? Please advice. Thanks

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• Avoiding Object Oriented Pitfalls, Migrating from C, What Worked for You?

  - by Stephen

  I've been programming in procedural languages for quite some time now, and my first reaction to a problem is to start breaking it down into tasks to perform rather than to consider the different entities (objects) that exist and their relationships. I have had a university course in OOP, and understand the fundamentals of encapsulation, data abstraction, polymorphism, modularity and inheritance. I read Learning to think in the Object Oriented Way and Learning object oriented thinking, and will be looking at some of the books pointed to in those answers. I think that several of my medium to large sized projects will benefit from effective use of OOP but as a novice I would like to avoid time consuming, common errors. Based on your experiences, what are these pitfalls and what are reasonable ways around them? If you could explain why they are pitfalls, and how your suggestion is effective in addressing the issue it'd be appreciated. I'm thinking along the lines of something like "Is it common to have a fair number of observer and modifier methods and use private variables or are there techniques for consolidating/reducing them?" I'm not worried about using C++ as a pure OO language, if there are good reasons to mix methods. (Reminiscent of the reasons to use GOTOs, albeit sparingly.) Thank you!

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• Why are we as an industry not more technically critical of our peers? [closed]

  - by Jarrod Roberson

  For example: I still see people in 2011 writing blog posts and tutorials that promote setting the Java CLASSPATH at the OS environment level. I see people writing C and C++ tutorials dated 2009 and newer and the first lines of code are void main(). These are examples, I am not looking for specific answers to the above questions, but to why the culture of accepting sub-par knowledge in the industry is so rampant. I see people posting these same type of empirically wrong suggestions as answers on www.stackoverflow.com and they get lots of up votes and practically no down votes! The ones that get lots of down votes are usually from answering a question that wasn't asked because of lack of reading for comprehension skills, and not incorrect answers per se. Is our industry that ignorant as a whole, I can understand the internet in general being lazy, apathetic and un-informed but our industry should be more on top of things like this and way more critical of people that are promoting bad habits and out-dated techniques and information. If we are really an engineering discipline, why aren't people held to a higher standard as they are in other engineering disciplines? I want to know why people accept bad advice, poor practices as the norm and are not more critical of their peers in the software industry.?

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• Code review process when using GIT as a repository?

  - by Sid

  What is the best process for code review when using GIT? Current process: We have a GIT server with a master branch to which everyone commits Devs work off the local master mirror or a local feature branch Devs commit to server's master branch Devs request code review on last commit Problem: Any bug in code review are already in master by the time it's caught. Worse, usually someone has burnt a few hours trying to figure out what happened... So, we would like To do code review BEFORE delivery into the 'master'. Have a process that works with a global team (no over the shoulder reviews!) something that doesn't require an individual dev to be at his desk/machine to be powered up so someone else can remote in (remove human dependency, devs go home at different timezones) We use TortoiseGIT for a visual representation of a list of files changed, diff'ing files etc. Some of us drop into a GIT shell when the GUI isn't enough, but ideally we'd like the workflow to be simple and GUI based (I want the tool to lift any burden, not my devs).

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• Can someone provide a short code example of compiler bootstrapping?

  - by Jatin

  This Turing award lecture by Ken Thompson on topic "Reflections on Trusting Trust" gives good insight about how C compiler was made in C itself. Though I understand the crux, it still hasn't sunk in. So ultimately, once the compiler is written to do lexical analysis, parse trees, syntax analysis, byte code generation etc, a separate machine code is again written to do all that on compiler? Can anyone please explain with a small example of the procedure? Bootstrapping on wiki gives good insights, but only a rough view on it. PS: I am aware of the duplicates on the site, but found them to be an overview which I am already aware

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• Calling COM from Intel Fortran?

  - by user57460

  I'm trying to get COM working from my Fortran application. I do a "COMINITIALIZE" followed by a "COMCreateObjectByProgID". Both of these appear to be successful and return a status of zero. However, when I try to use the COM object, I get "Unhandled exception at 0x00000000 in FortranProg01.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation." I realize that this error can mean almost anything, but has anyone got some suggestions of common problems with COM that produce this problem? Here are some more details. My program code: program FortranProg01 use myolepg implicit none integer*4 comInitStatus integer:: comCreateStatus INTEGER(INT_PTR_KIND()) $OBJECT INTEGER(4) funcResult REAL(8) pkgVersion call COMINITIALIZE(comInitStatus) print *, comInitStatus call COMCreateObjectByProgID('MyOlePg.MyOlePkg', $OBJECT, comCreateStatus) print *, comCreateStatus funcResult = IMyOlePkg_GetPackageVersion($OBJECT, pkgVersion) print *, funcResult call COMUNINITIALIZE() end program FortranProg01 The wizard-generated interface code: INTERFACE !property PackageVersion INTEGER(4) FUNCTION IMyOlePkg_GetPackageVersion($OBJECT, pVal) INTEGER(INT_PTR_KIND()), INTENT(IN) :: $OBJECT ! Object Pointer !DEC$ ATTRIBUTES VALUE :: $OBJECT REAL(8), INTENT(OUT) :: pVal !DEC$ ATTRIBUTES REFERENCE :: pVal !DEC$ ATTRIBUTES STDCALL :: IMyOlePkg_GetPackageVersion END FUNCTION IMyOlePkg_GetPackageVersion END INTERFACE Any help would be much appreciated! Thanks! Brad.

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• Can a NodeJS webserver handle multiple hostnames on the same IP?

  - by Matthew Patrick Cashatt

  I have just begun learning NodeJS and LOVE it so far. I have set up a Linux box to run it and, in learning to use the event-driven model, I am curious if I can use a common IP for multiple domain names. Could I point, for example, www.websiteA.com, www.websiteB.com, and www.websiteC.com all to the same IP (node webserver) and then route to the appropriate source files based on the request? Would this cause certain doom when it came to scaling to any reasonable size?

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• How important are unit tests in software development?

  - by Lo Wai Lun

  We are doing software testing by testing a lot of I/O cases, so developers and system analysts can open reviews and test for their committed code within a given time period (e.g. 1 week). But when it come across with extracting information from a database, how to consider the cases and the corresponding methodology to start with? Although that is more likely to be a case studies because the unit-testing depends on the project we have involved which is too specific and particular most of the time. What is the general overview of the steps and precautions for unit-testing?

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• Dynamically load and call delegates based on source data

  - by makerofthings7

  Assume I have a stream of records that need to have some computation. Records will have a combination of these functions run Sum, Aggregate, Sum over the last 90 seconds, or ignore. A data record looks like this: Date;Data;ID Question Assuming that ID is an int of some kind, and that int corresponds to a matrix of some delegates to run, how should I use C# to dynamically build that launch map? I'm sure this idea exists... it is used in Windows Forms which has many delegates/events, most of which will never actually be invoked in a real application. The sample below includes a few delegates I want to run (sum, count, and print) but I don't know how to make the quantity of delegates fire based on the source data. (say print the evens, and sum the odds in this sample) using System; using System.Threading; using System.Collections.Generic; internal static class TestThreadpool { delegate int TestDelegate(int parameter); private static void Main() { try { // this approach works is void is returned. //ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new WaitCallback(PrintOut), "Hello"); int c = 0; int w = 0; ThreadPool.GetMaxThreads(out w, out c); bool rrr =ThreadPool.SetMinThreads(w, c); Console.WriteLine(rrr); // perhaps the above needs time to set up6 Thread.Sleep(1000); DateTime ttt = DateTime.UtcNow; TestDelegate d = new TestDelegate(PrintOut); List<IAsyncResult> arDict = new List<IAsyncResult>(); int count = 1000000; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { IAsyncResult ar = d.BeginInvoke(i, new AsyncCallback(Callback), d); arDict.Add(ar); } for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { int result = d.EndInvoke(arDict[i]); } // Give the callback time to execute - otherwise the app // may terminate before it is called //Thread.Sleep(1000); var res = DateTime.UtcNow - ttt; Console.WriteLine("Main program done----- Total time --> " + res.TotalMilliseconds); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e); } Console.ReadKey(true); } static int PrintOut(int parameter) { // Console.WriteLine(Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId + " Delegate PRINTOUT waited and printed this:"+parameter); var tmp = parameter * parameter; return tmp; } static int Sum(int parameter) { Thread.Sleep(5000); // Pretend to do some math... maybe save a summary to disk on a separate thread return parameter; } static int Count(int parameter) { Thread.Sleep(5000); // Pretend to do some math... maybe save a summary to disk on a separate thread return parameter; } static void Callback(IAsyncResult ar) { TestDelegate d = (TestDelegate)ar.AsyncState; //Console.WriteLine("Callback is delayed and returned") ;//d.EndInvoke(ar)); } }

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• Vector with Constant-Time Remove - still a Vector?

  - by Darrel Hoffman

  One of the drawbacks of most common implementations of the Vector class (or ArrayList, etc. Basically any array-backed expandable list class) is that their remove() operation generally operates in linear time - if you remove an element, you must shift all elements after it one space back to keep the data contiguous. But what if you're using a Vector just to be a list-of-things, where the order of the things is irrelevant? In this case removal can be accomplished in a few simple steps: Swap element to be removed with the last element in the array Reduce size field by 1. (No need to re-allocate the array, as the deleted item is now beyond the size field and thus not "in" the list any more. The next add() will just overwrite it.) (optional) Delete last element to free up its memory. (Not needed in garbage-collected languages.) This is clearly now a constant-time operation, since only performs a single swap regardless of size. The downside is of course that it changes the order of the data, but if you don't care about the order, that's not a problem. Could this still be called a Vector? Or is it something different? It has some things in common with "Set" classes in that the order is irrelevant, but unlike a Set it can store duplicate values. (Also most Set classes I know of are backed by a tree or hash map rather than an array.) It also bears some similarity to Heap classes, although without the log(N) percolate steps since we don't care about the order.

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• What is the difference between Callback<T> and Java 8's Supplier<T>?

  - by Dan Pantry

  I've been switching over to Java from C# after some recommendations from some over at CodeReview. So, when I was looking into LWJGL, one thing I remembered was that every call to Display must be executed on the same thread that the Display.create() method was invoked on. Remembering this, I whipped up a class that looks a bit like this. public class LwjglDisplayWindow implements DisplayWindow { private final static int TargetFramesPerSecond = 60; private final Scheduler _scheduler; public LwjglDisplayWindow(Scheduler displayScheduler, DisplayMode displayMode) throws LWJGLException { _scheduler = displayScheduler; Display.setDisplayMode(displayMode); Display.create(); } public void dispose() { Display.destroy(); } @Override public int getTargetFramesPerSecond() { return TargetFramesPerSecond; } @Override public Future<Boolean> isClosed() { return _scheduler.schedule(() -> Display.isCloseRequested()); } } While writing this class you'll notice that I created a method called isClosed() that returns a Future<Boolean>. This dispatches a function to my Scheduler interface (which is nothing more than a wrapper around an ScheduledExecutorService. While writing the schedule method on the Scheduler I noticed that I could either use a Supplier<T> argument or a Callable<T> argument to represent the function that is passed in. ScheduledExecutorService didn't contain an override for Supplier<T> but I noticed that the lambda expression () -> Display.isCloseRequested() is actually type compatible with both Callable<bool> and Supplier<bool>. My question is, is there a difference between those two, semantically or otherwise - and if so, what is it, so I can adhere to it?

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• Implementing the transport layer for a SIP UAC

  - by Jonathan Henson

  I have a somewhat simple, but specific, question about implementing the transport layer for a SIP UAC. Do I expect the response to a request on the same socket that I sent the request on, or do I let the UDP or TCP listener pick up the response and then route it to the correct transaction from there? The RFC does not seem to say anything on the matter. It seems that especially using UDP, which is connection-less, that I should just let the listeners pick up the response, but that seems sort of counter intuitive. Particularly, I have seen plenty of UAC implementations which do not depend on having a Listener in the transport layer. Also, most implementations I have looked at do not have the UAS receiving loop responding on the socket at all. This would tend to indicate that the client should not be expecting a reply on the socket that it sent the request on. For clarification: Suppose my transport layer consists of the following elements: TCPClient (Sends Requests for a UAC via TCP) UDPClient (Sends Requests for a UAC vid UDP) TCPSever (Loop receiving Requests and dispatching to transaction layer via TCP) UDPServer (Loop receiving Requests and dispatching to transaction layer via UDP) Obviously, the *Client sends my Requests. The question is, what receives the Response? The *Client waiting on a recv or recvfrom call on the socket it used to send the request, or the *Server? Conversely, the *Server receives my requests, What sends the Response? The *Client? doesn't this break the roles of each member a bit?

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• Is there a real difference between dynamic analysis and testing?

  - by user970696

  Often testing is regarded as a dynamic analysis of a software. Yet while writing my thesis, the reviewer noted to me that dynamic analysis is about analyzing the program behind the scenes - e.g. profiling and that it is not the same as testing because its "analysis" which looks inside and observes. I know that "static analysis" is not testing, should we then separate this "dynamic analysis" also from testing? Some books do refer to dynamic analysis in this sense. I would maybe say that testing is a one mean of dynamic analysis?

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• How not to suffer from ideologists when you're a pragmatic person?

  - by Lukas Eder

  My story: I'm a pragmatic person. Sometimes, the most simple solution to a problem to get the job done is the one that fits best for me, if its not an utter blasphemy and reproach to any design principles. Check out my answer to this question on stackoverflow. Simple. Works. Was accepted. Could be improved. Is clearly not perfect. And along comes this guy. He downvotes me, comments on the question how his answer is better, more accurate etc and calls me "plain wrong". Reminds me of this comic strip. :-) While on stackoverflow I can laugh at these things because those people are far away, in the real world I'm suffering from ideologies every now and then. Heck, I'm not creating a miracle piece of software, I need to keep that huge legacy thing running, and it's an adventure to me every day. I don't have the time or passion to beautify my code (or other people's code) to that extent. My question(s): How do you deal with ideologies / ideologists, when you're a pragmatic person? How do you deal with pragmatism / pragmatists, when you're an ideologic person? I'm interested in both point of views. Tell me your experience. But please, be fair, somewhat objective, and understand that you may NOT be entirely correct and your opinion is NOT the only true one... :-)

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• Can anyone help solve this complex algorithmic problem?

  - by Locaaaaa

  I got this question in an interview and I was not able to solve it. You have a circular road, with N number of gas stations. You know the ammount of gas that each station has. You know the ammount of gas you need to GO from one station to the next one. Your car starts with 0. The question is: Create an algorithm, to know from which gas station you must start driving. As an exercise to me, I would translate the algorithm to C#.

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• Graduate expectations versus reality

  - by Bobby Tables

  When choosing what we want to study, and do with our careers and lives, we all have some expectations of what it is going to be like. Now that I've been in the industry for almost a decade, I've been reflecting a bit on what I thought (back when I was studying Computer Science) programming working life was going to be like, and how it's actually turning out to be. My two biggest shocks (or should I say, broken expectations) by far are the sheer amount of maintenance work involved in software, and the overall lack of professionalism: Maintenance: At uni, we were all told that the majority of software work is maintenance of existing systems. So I knew to expect this in the abstract. But I never imagined exactly how overwhelming this would turn out to be. Perhaps it's something I mentally glazed over, and hoped I'd be building cool new stuff from scratch a lot more. But it really is the case that most jobs are overwhelmingly maintenance, bug fixing, and support oriented. Lack of professionalism: At uni, I always had the impression that commercial software work is very process-oriented and stringently engineered. I had images of ISO processes, reams of technical documentation, every feature and bug being strictly documented, and a generally professional environment. It came as a huge shock to realise that most software companies operate no differently to a team of students working on a large semester-long project. And I've worked in both the small agile hack shop, and the medium sized corporate enterprise. While I wouldn't say that it's always been outright "unprofessional", it definitely feels like the software industry (on the whole) is far from the strong engineering discipline that I expected it to be. Has anyone else had similar experiences to this? What are the ways in which your expectations of what our profession would be like were different to the reality?

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