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• Importing an object from Blender into a scene, rotation on X axis?

  - by Arne

  This is my situation: I save the scene with blender no export with any processing steps. Blender has x right y up -z into the scene for the view coordinates (OpenGL) I have x right y up -z into the scene for the view coordinates (OpenGl) Bleneder has x/y plane and z up as world coordinates I have x/y plane and z up as world coordinates I load the mesh with assimp directly from the blend file with absolutely no post processing. The object is rotated abount p/2 on the x-axis. Why?

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• Mesa library vs Hardware accelerated OpenGL for my executable - it's just a linking problem?

  - by user827992

  Supposing that i have my program that is targeting a specific OpenGL version, let's say the 3.0, now i want to produce an executable that will support the software rendering with Mesa and another executable that will support the Hardware accelerated context, i can use the same source code for both without expecting any issues ? In another words, the instrunctions in this libraries are the same for my linking purpose ?

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• Keyboard input system handling

  - by The Communist Duck

  Note: I have to poll, rather than do callbacks because of API limitations (SFML). I also apologize for the lack of a 'decent' title. I think I have two questions here; how to register the input I'm receiving, and what to do with it. Handling Input I'm talking about after the fact you've registered that the 'A' key has been pressed, for example, and how to do it from there. I've seen an array of the whole keyboard, something like: bool keyboard[256]; //And each input loop check the state of every key on the keyboard But this seems inefficient. Not only are you coupling the key 'A' to 'player moving left', for example, but it checks every key, 30-60 times a second. I then tried another system which just looked for keys it wanted. std::map< unsigned char, Key keyMap; //Key stores the keycode, and whether it's been pressed. Then, I declare a load of const unsigned char called 'Quit' or 'PlayerLeft'. input-BindKey(Keys::PlayerLeft, KeyCode::A); //so now you can check if PlayerLeft, rather than if A. However, the problem with this is I cannot now type a name, for example, without having to bind every single key. Then, I have the second problem, which I cannot really think of a good solution for: Sending Input I now know that the A key has been pressed or that playerLeft is true. But how do I go from here? I thought about just checking if(input-IsKeyDown(Key::PlayerLeft) { player.MoveLeft(); } This couples the input greatly to the entities, and I find it rather messy. I'd prefer the player to handle its own movement when it gets updated. I thought some kind of event system could work, but I do not know how to go with it. (I heard signals and slots was good for this kind of work, but it's apparently very slow and I cannot see how it'd fit). Thanks.

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• Parse/Write JSON with Unity iOS

  - by DannoEterno

  anybody know a tutorial or maybe can help me to develop a parser/reader for JSON compatible with Unity iOS pro? I've already tried different third part libraries but without luck (i've tried json.net, jsonfx, litjson). Im pretty in hurry of doing a simple parser/writer that i can use also under iOS and not only in Desktop. P.s. i can also use third part library, but please, first of suggest be sure that it will work under iOS! Thank you all

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• GLSL subroutine not being used

  - by amoffat

  I'm using a gaussian blur fragment shader. In it, I thought it would be concise to include 2 subroutines: one for selecting the horizontal texture coordinate offsets, and another for the vertical texture coordinate offsets. This way, I just have one gaussian blur shader to manage. Here is the code for my shader. The {{NAME}} bits are template placeholders that I substitute in at shader compile time: #version 420 subroutine vec2 sample_coord_type(int i); subroutine uniform sample_coord_type sample_coord; in vec2 texcoord; out vec3 color; uniform sampler2D tex; uniform int texture_size; const float offsets[{{NUM_SAMPLES}}] = float[]({{SAMPLE_OFFSETS}}); const float weights[{{NUM_SAMPLES}}] = float[]({{SAMPLE_WEIGHTS}}); subroutine(sample_coord_type) vec2 vertical_coord(int i) { return vec2(0.0, offsets[i] / texture_size); } subroutine(sample_coord_type) vec2 horizontal_coord(int i) { //return vec2(offsets[i] / texture_size, 0.0); return vec2(0.0, 0.0); // just for testing if this subroutine gets used } void main(void) { color = vec3(0.0); for (int i=0; i<{{NUM_SAMPLES}}; i++) { color += texture(tex, texcoord + sample_coord(i)).rgb * weights[i]; color += texture(tex, texcoord - sample_coord(i)).rgb * weights[i]; } } Here is my code for selecting the subroutine: blur_program->start(); blur_program->set_subroutine("sample_coord", "vertical_coord", GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER); blur_program->set_int("texture_size", width); blur_program->set_texture("tex", *deferred_output); blur_program->draw(); // draws a quad for the fragment shader to run on and: void ShaderProgram::set_subroutine(constr name, constr routine, GLenum target) { GLuint routine_index = glGetSubroutineIndex(id, target, routine.c_str()); GLuint uniform_index = glGetSubroutineUniformLocation(id, target, name.c_str()); glUniformSubroutinesuiv(target, 1, &routine_index); // debugging int num_subs; glGetActiveSubroutineUniformiv(id, target, uniform_index, GL_NUM_COMPATIBLE_SUBROUTINES, &num_subs); std::cout << uniform_index << " " << routine_index << " " << num_subs << "\n"; } I've checked for errors, and there are none. When I pass in vertical_coord as the routine to use, my scene is blurred vertically, as it should be. The routine_index variable is also 1 (which is weird, because vertical_coord subroutine is the first listed in the shader code...but no matter, maybe the compiler is switching things around) However, when I pass in horizontal_coord, my scene is STILL blurred vertically, even though the value of routine_index is 0, suggesting that a different subroutine is being used. Yet the horizontal_coord subroutine explicitly does not blur. What's more is, whichever subroutine comes first in the shader, is the subroutine that the shader uses permanently. Right now, vertical_coord comes first, so the shader blurs vertically always. If I put horizontal_coord first, the scene is unblurred, as expected, but then I cannot select the vertical_coord subroutine! :) Also, the value of num_subs is 2, suggesting that there are 2 subroutines compatible with my sample_coord subroutine uniform. Just to re-iterate, all of my return values are fine, and there are no glGetError() errors happening. Any ideas?

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• Voxel Face Crawling (Mesh simplification, possibly using greedy)

  - by Tim Winter

  This is in regards to a Minecraft-like terrain engine. I store blocks in chunks (16x256x16 blocks in a chunk). When I generate a chunk, I use multiple procedural techniques to set the terrain and to place objects. While generating, I keep one 1D array for the full chunk (solid or not) and a separate 1D array of solid blocks. After generation, I iterate through the solid blocks checking their neighbors so I only generate block faces that don't have solid neighbors. I store which faces to generate in their own list (that's 6 lists, one per possible face). When rendering a chunk, I render all lists in the camera's current chunk and only the lists facing the camera in all other chunks. Using a 2D atlas with this little shader trick Andrew Russell suggested, I want to merge similar faces together completely. That is, if they are in the same list (same normal), are adjacent to each other, have the same light level, etc. My assumption would be to have each of the 6 lists sorted by the axis they rest on, then by the other two axes (the list for the top of a block would be sorted by it's Y value, then X, then Z). With this alone, I could quite easily merge strips of faces, but I'm looking to merge more than just strips together when possible. I've read up on this greedy meshing algorithm, but I am having a lot of trouble understanding it. To even use it, I would think I'd need to perform a type of flood-fill per sorted list to get the groups of merge-able faces. Then, per group, perform the greedy algorithm. It all sounds awfully expensive if I would ever want dynamic terrain/lighting after initial generation. So, my question: To perform merging of faces as described (ignoring whether it's a bad idea for dynamic terrain/lighting), is there perhaps an algorithm that is simpler to implement? I would also quite happily accept an answer that walks me through the greedy algorithm in a much simpler way (a link or explanation). I don't mind a slight performance decrease if it's easier to implement or even if it's only a little better than just doing strips. I worry that most algorithms focus on triangles rather than quads and using a 2D atlas the way I am, I don't know that I could implement something triangle based with my current skills. PS: I already frustum cull per chunk and as described, I also cull faces between solid blocks. I don't occlusion cull yet and may never.

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• Camera rotation flicker in OpenGL ES 2.0

  - by seahorse

  I implemented an orbit camera in my own OpenGL ES 2.0 application. I was getting extensive amount of flicker while rotating the camera using the mouse. When I added the line eglSwapInterval( ..., 0.1); after eglSwapBuffers() and then the flicker immediately stopped. I am not able to understand why eglSwapInterval solves the flicker problem? (The FPS of my app prior to eglSwapInterval was around 700FPS) (The flicker is NOT due to z-fighting because I have set near and far clip planes as 100 and 500)

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• Lost transparency in SDL surfaces drawn manually

  - by Christian Ivicevic

  I want to create SDL_Surface objects for each layer of my 2d tile-based map so that I have to render only one surface per layer rather than too many tiles. With normal tiles which do not have transparent areas this works well, however I am not able to create a SDL_Surface with transparent pixels everywhere to be able to draw some tiles on specific parts which should be visible (I do NOT want the whole surface to appear with a specific opacity - I want to create overlaying tiles where one can look through). Currently I am creating my layers like this to draw with SDL_BlitSurface on them: SDL_Surface* layer = SDL_CreateRGBSurface( SDL_HWSURFACE | SDL_SRCALPHA, layerWidth, layerHeight, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0); If you have a look at this screenshot I have provided here you can see that the bottom layer with no transparent parts gets rendered correctly. However the overlay with the tree tile (which is transparent in the top left corner) is drawn own its own surface which is black and not transparent as expected. The expected result (concerning the transparency) can be seen here Can anyone explain me how to handle surfaces which are actually transparent rather than drawing all my overlay tiles separately?

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• How can I author objects with perspective that fit into a tile-based map but span multiple tiles?

  - by Growler

  I'm creating a tilemap city and trying to figure out the most efficient way to create unique building scenes. The trick is, I need to maintain a sort of 2D, almost-top-down perspective, which is hard to do with buildings or large objects that span multiple tiles. I've tried doing three buildings at a time, and mixing and matching the base layer and colors, like this: This creates a weird overlapping effect, and also doesn't seem that efficient from a production standpoint. But it was the best way to have shadows appear correctly on the neighboring buildings. I'm wondering if modular buildings would be the way to go? That way I can mix and match any set of buildings together as tiles: I guess I would have to risk some perspective and shadowing to get the buildings to align correctly. What sort of authoring process could I use to allow me to create a variety of buildings (or other objects) that maintain this perspective while spanning multiple tiles worth of screen space? Would you recommend creating blank buildings, and then affixing art overlays as necessary to make the buildings unique? Or should they be directly part of the building tile (for example, create a separate tileset of buildings signs and colorings)?

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• Developing a long pannable, sprite-animated Windows Store app

  - by Groo

  I am creating my first Windows Store app in XAML, and I cannot seem to find a proper example for the requirements I have (I have spent a couple of days fiddling around, so I apologize if I missed something obvious). Basic idea of the app is to have a large scrollable canvas which would lazily start animating visible parts of the view as soon as user stops panning over a certain content (with some audio played also): My original idea was to use a StackPanel to add a bunch of custom controls, each of which would then animate itself once visible (with a short delay), but I have a couple of concerns: If the entire canvas is ~50 screen widths wide, is it feasible to load all content at the beginning, or do I need to plan doing some lazy loading during scrolling? For example, when I select a certain region in the Bing Travel app, it seems to lazily load tiles as I scroll it towards the end. Since content is stretched 100% vertically, and these animations are vectorized to be resolution independent, I am not sure if XAML (CompositionTarget) will be able to handle this, or I have to go for DirectX (MonoGame or C++) to get rid of flicker. Even better, is there an example for Windows 8 which uses a 100% vertically sized GridView with custom animated controls inside?

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• ASSIMP in my program is much slower to import than ASSIMP view program

  - by Marco

  The problem is really simple: if I try to load with the function aiImportFileExWithProperties a big model in my software (around 200.000 vertices), it takes more than one minute. If I try to load the very same model with ASSIMP view, it takes 2 seconds. For this comparison, both my software and Assimp view are using the dll version of the library at 64 bit, compiled by myself (Assimp64.dll). This is the relevant piece of code in my software // default pp steps unsigned int ppsteps = aiProcess_CalcTangentSpace | // calculate tangents and bitangents if possible aiProcess_JoinIdenticalVertices | // join identical vertices/ optimize indexing aiProcess_ValidateDataStructure | // perform a full validation of the loader's output aiProcess_ImproveCacheLocality | // improve the cache locality of the output vertices aiProcess_RemoveRedundantMaterials | // remove redundant materials aiProcess_FindDegenerates | // remove degenerated polygons from the import aiProcess_FindInvalidData | // detect invalid model data, such as invalid normal vectors aiProcess_GenUVCoords | // convert spherical, cylindrical, box and planar mapping to proper UVs aiProcess_TransformUVCoords | // preprocess UV transformations (scaling, translation ...) aiProcess_FindInstances | // search for instanced meshes and remove them by references to one master aiProcess_LimitBoneWeights | // limit bone weights to 4 per vertex aiProcess_OptimizeMeshes | // join small meshes, if possible; aiProcess_SplitByBoneCount | // split meshes with too many bones. Necessary for our (limited) hardware skinning shader 0; cout << "Loading " << pFile << "... "; aiPropertyStore* props = aiCreatePropertyStore(); aiSetImportPropertyInteger(props,AI_CONFIG_IMPORT_TER_MAKE_UVS,1); aiSetImportPropertyFloat(props,AI_CONFIG_PP_GSN_MAX_SMOOTHING_ANGLE,80.f); aiSetImportPropertyInteger(props,AI_CONFIG_PP_SBP_REMOVE, aiPrimitiveType_LINE | aiPrimitiveType_POINT); aiSetImportPropertyInteger(props,AI_CONFIG_GLOB_MEASURE_TIME,1); //aiSetImportPropertyInteger(props,AI_CONFIG_PP_PTV_KEEP_HIERARCHY,1); // Call ASSIMPs C-API to load the file scene = (aiScene*)aiImportFileExWithProperties(pFile.c_str(), ppsteps | /* default pp steps */ aiProcess_GenSmoothNormals | // generate smooth normal vectors if not existing aiProcess_SplitLargeMeshes | // split large, unrenderable meshes into submeshes aiProcess_Triangulate | // triangulate polygons with more than 3 edges //aiProcess_ConvertToLeftHanded | // convert everything to D3D left handed space aiProcess_SortByPType | // make 'clean' meshes which consist of a single typ of primitives 0, NULL, props); aiReleasePropertyStore(props); if(!scene){ cout << aiGetErrorString() << endl; return 0; } this is the relevant piece of code in assimp view code // default pp steps unsigned int ppsteps = aiProcess_CalcTangentSpace | // calculate tangents and bitangents if possible aiProcess_JoinIdenticalVertices | // join identical vertices/ optimize indexing aiProcess_ValidateDataStructure | // perform a full validation of the loader's output aiProcess_ImproveCacheLocality | // improve the cache locality of the output vertices aiProcess_RemoveRedundantMaterials | // remove redundant materials aiProcess_FindDegenerates | // remove degenerated polygons from the import aiProcess_FindInvalidData | // detect invalid model data, such as invalid normal vectors aiProcess_GenUVCoords | // convert spherical, cylindrical, box and planar mapping to proper UVs aiProcess_TransformUVCoords | // preprocess UV transformations (scaling, translation ...) aiProcess_FindInstances | // search for instanced meshes and remove them by references to one master aiProcess_LimitBoneWeights | // limit bone weights to 4 per vertex aiProcess_OptimizeMeshes | // join small meshes, if possible; aiProcess_SplitByBoneCount | // split meshes with too many bones. Necessary for our (limited) hardware skinning shader 0; aiPropertyStore* props = aiCreatePropertyStore(); aiSetImportPropertyInteger(props,AI_CONFIG_IMPORT_TER_MAKE_UVS,1); aiSetImportPropertyFloat(props,AI_CONFIG_PP_GSN_MAX_SMOOTHING_ANGLE,g_smoothAngle); aiSetImportPropertyInteger(props,AI_CONFIG_PP_SBP_REMOVE,nopointslines ? aiPrimitiveType_LINE | aiPrimitiveType_POINT : 0 ); aiSetImportPropertyInteger(props,AI_CONFIG_GLOB_MEASURE_TIME,1); //aiSetImportPropertyInteger(props,AI_CONFIG_PP_PTV_KEEP_HIERARCHY,1); // Call ASSIMPs C-API to load the file g_pcAsset->pcScene = (aiScene*)aiImportFileExWithProperties(g_szFileName, ppsteps | /* configurable pp steps */ aiProcess_GenSmoothNormals | // generate smooth normal vectors if not existing aiProcess_SplitLargeMeshes | // split large, unrenderable meshes into submeshes aiProcess_Triangulate | // triangulate polygons with more than 3 edges aiProcess_ConvertToLeftHanded | // convert everything to D3D left handed space aiProcess_SortByPType | // make 'clean' meshes which consist of a single typ of primitives 0, NULL, props); aiReleasePropertyStore(props); As you can see the code is nearly identical because I copied from assimp view. What could be the reason for such a difference in performance? The two software are using the same dll Assimp64.dll (compiled in my computer with vc++ 2010 express) and the same function aiImportFileExWithProperties to load the model, so I assume that the actual code employed is the same. How is it possible that the function aiImportFileExWithProperties is 100 times slower when called by my sotware than when called by assimp view? What am I missing? I am not good with dll, dynamic and static libraries so I might be missing something obvious. ------------------------------ UPDATE I found out the reason why the code is going slower. Basically I was running my software with "Start debugging" in VC++ 2010 Express. If I run the code outside VC++ 2010 I get same performance of assimp view. However now I have a new question. Why does the dll perform slower in VC++ debugging? I compiled it in release mode without debugging information. Is there any way to have the dll go fast in debugmode i.e. not debugging the dll? Because I am interested in debugging only my own code, not the dll that I assume is already working fine. I do not want to wait 2 minutes every time I want to load my software to debug. Does this request make sense?

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• Stencil mask with AlphaTestEffect

  - by Brendan Wanlass

  I am trying to pull off the following effect in XNA 4.0: http://eng.utah.edu/~brendanw/question.jpg The purple area has 50% opacity. I have gotten pretty close with the following code: public static DepthStencilState AlwaysStencilState = new DepthStencilState() { StencilEnable = true, StencilFunction = CompareFunction.Always, StencilPass = StencilOperation.Replace, ReferenceStencil = 1, DepthBufferEnable = false, }; public static DepthStencilState EqualStencilState = new DepthStencilState() { StencilEnable = true, StencilFunction = CompareFunction.Equal, StencilPass = StencilOperation.Keep, ReferenceStencil = 1, DepthBufferEnable = false, }; ... if (_alphaEffect == null) { _alphaEffect = new AlphaTestEffect(_spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice); _alphaEffect.AlphaFunction = CompareFunction.LessEqual; _alphaEffect.ReferenceAlpha = 129; Matrix projection = Matrix.CreateOrthographicOffCenter(0, _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth, _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight, 0, 0, 1); _alphaEffect.Projection = world.SystemManager.GetSystem<RenderSystem>().Camera.View * projection; } _mask = new RenderTarget2D(_spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice, _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth, _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight, false, SurfaceFormat.Color, DepthFormat.Depth24Stencil8); _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(_mask); _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.Clear(ClearOptions.Target | ClearOptions.Stencil, Color.Transparent, 0, 0); _spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, null, null, AlwaysStencilState, null, _alphaEffect); _spriteBatch.Draw(sprite.Texture, position, sprite.SourceRectangle,Color.White, 0f, sprite.Origin, 1f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); _spriteBatch.End(); _spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, null, null, EqualStencilState, null, null); _spriteBatch.Draw(_maskTex, new Vector2(x * _maskTex.Width, y * _maskTex.Height), null, Color.White, 0f, Vector2.Zero, 1f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); _spriteBatch.End(); _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Black); _spriteBatch.Begin(); _spriteBatch.Draw((Texture2D)_mask, Vector2.Zero, null, Color.White, 0f, Vector2.Zero, 1f, SpriteEffects.None, layer/max_layer); _spriteBatch.End(); My problem is, I can't get the AlphaTestEffect to behave. I can either mask over the semi-transparent purple junk and fill it in with the green design, or I can draw over the completely opaque grassy texture. How can I specify the exact opacity that needs to be replace with the green design?

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• Writing to XML issue Unity3D C#

  - by N0xus

  I'm trying to create a tool using Unity to generate an XML file for use in another project. Now, please, before someone suggests I do it in something, the reason I am using Unity is that it allows me to easily port this to an iPad or other device with next to no extra development. So please. Don't suggest to use something else. At the moment, I am using the following code to write to my XML file. public void WriteXMLFile() { string _filePath = Application.dataPath + @"/Data/HV_DarkRideSettings.xml"; XmlDocument _xmlDoc = new XmlDocument(); if (File.Exists(_filePath)) { _xmlDoc.Load(_filePath); XmlNode rootNode = _xmlDoc.CreateElement("Settings"); // _xmlDoc.AppendChild(rootNode); rootNode.RemoveAll(); XmlElement _cornerNode = _xmlDoc.CreateElement("Screen_Corners"); _xmlDoc.DocumentElement.PrependChild(_cornerNode); #region Top Left Corners XYZ Values // indent top left corner value to screen corners XmlElement _topLeftNode = _xmlDoc.CreateElement("Top_Left"); _cornerNode.AppendChild(_topLeftNode); // set the XYZ of the top left values XmlElement _topLeftXNode = _xmlDoc.CreateElement("TopLeftX"); XmlElement _topLeftYNode = _xmlDoc.CreateElement("TopLeftY"); XmlElement _topLeftZNode = _xmlDoc.CreateElement("TopLeftZ"); // indent these values to the top_left value in XML _topLeftNode.AppendChild(_topLeftXNode); _topLeftNode.AppendChild(_topLeftYNode); _topLeftNode.AppendChild(_topLeftZNode); #endregion #region Bottom Left Corners XYZ Values // indent top left corner value to screen corners XmlElement _bottomLeftNode = _xmlDoc.CreateElement("Bottom_Left"); _cornerNode.AppendChild(_bottomLeftNode); // set the XYZ of the top left values XmlElement _bottomLeftXNode = _xmlDoc.CreateElement("BottomLeftX"); XmlElement _bottomLeftYNode = _xmlDoc.CreateElement("BottomLeftY"); XmlElement _bottomLeftZNode = _xmlDoc.CreateElement("BottomLeftZ"); // indent these values to the top_left value in XML _bottomLeftNode.AppendChild(_bottomLeftXNode); _bottomLeftNode.AppendChild(_bottomLeftYNode); _bottomLeftNode.AppendChild(_bottomLeftZNode); #endregion #region Bottom Left Corners XYZ Values // indent top left corner value to screen corners XmlElement _bottomRightNode = _xmlDoc.CreateElement("Bottom_Right"); _cornerNode.AppendChild(_bottomRightNode); // set the XYZ of the top left values XmlElement _bottomRightXNode = _xmlDoc.CreateElement("BottomRightX"); XmlElement _bottomRightYNode = _xmlDoc.CreateElement("BottomRightY"); XmlElement _bottomRightZNode = _xmlDoc.CreateElement("BottomRightZ"); // indent these values to the top_left value in XML _bottomRightNode.AppendChild(_bottomRightXNode); _bottomRightNode.AppendChild(_bottomRightYNode); _bottomRightNode.AppendChild(_bottomRightZNode); #endregion _xmlDoc.Save(_filePath); } } This generates the following XML file: <Settings> <Screen_Corners> <Top_Left> <TopLeftX /> <TopLeftY /> <TopLeftZ /> </Top_Left> <Bottom_Left> <BottomLeftX /> <BottomLeftY /> <BottomLeftZ /> </Bottom_Left> <Bottom_Right> <BottomRightX /> <BottomRightY /> <BottomRightZ /> </Bottom_Right> </Screen_Corners> </Settings> Which is exactly what I want. However, each time I press the button that has the WriteXMLFile() method attached to it, it's write the entire lot again. Like so: <Settings> <Screen_Corners> <Top_Left> <TopLeftX /> <TopLeftY /> <TopLeftZ /> </Top_Left> <Bottom_Left> <BottomLeftX /> <BottomLeftY /> <BottomLeftZ /> </Bottom_Left> <Bottom_Right> <BottomRightX /> <BottomRightY /> <BottomRightZ /> </Bottom_Right> </Screen_Corners> <Screen_Corners> <Top_Left> <TopLeftX /> <TopLeftY /> <TopLeftZ /> </Top_Left> <Bottom_Left> <BottomLeftX /> <BottomLeftY /> <BottomLeftZ /> </Bottom_Left> <Bottom_Right> <BottomRightX /> <BottomRightY /> <BottomRightZ /> </Bottom_Right> </Screen_Corners> <Screen_Corners> <Top_Left> <TopLeftX /> <TopLeftY /> <TopLeftZ /> </Top_Left> <Bottom_Left> <BottomLeftX /> <BottomLeftY /> <BottomLeftZ /> </Bottom_Left> <Bottom_Right> <BottomRightX /> <BottomRightY /> <BottomRightZ /> </Bottom_Right> </Screen_Corners> </Settings> Now, I've written XML files before using winforms, and the WriteXMLFile function is exactly the same. However, in my winform, no matter how much I press the WriteXMLFile button, it doesn't write the whole lot again. Is there something that I'm doing wrong or should change to stop this from happening?

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• Converting to and from local and world 3D coordinate spaces?

  - by James Bedford

  Hey guys, I've been following a guide I found here (http://knol.google.com/k/matrices-for-3d-applications-view-transformation) on constructing a matrix that will allow me to 3D coordinates to an object's local coordinate space, and back again. I've tried to implement these two matrices using my object's look, side, up and location vectors and it seems to be working for the first three coordinates. I'm a little confused as to what I should expect for the w coordinate. Here are couple of examples from the print outs I've made of the matricies that are constructed. I'm passing a test vector of [9, 8, 14, 1] each time to see if I can convert both ways: Basic example: localize matrix: Matrix: 0.000000 -0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 5.237297 -45.530716 11.021271 1.000000 globalize matrix: Matrix: 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 -0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 -11.021271 -45.530716 -5.237297 1.000000 test: Vector4f(9.000000, 8.000000, 14.000000, 1.000000) localTest: Vector4f(14.000000, 8.000000, 9.000000, -161.812256) worldTest: Vector4f(9.000000, 8.000000, 14.000000, -727.491455) More complicated example: localize matrix: Matrix: 0.052504 -0.000689 -0.998258 0.000000 0.052431 0.998260 0.002068 0.000000 0.997241 -0.052486 0.052486 0.000000 58.806095 2.979346 -39.396252 1.000000 globalize matrix: Matrix: 0.052504 0.052431 0.997241 0.000000 -0.000689 0.998260 -0.052486 0.000000 -0.998258 0.002068 0.052486 0.000000 -42.413120 5.975957 -56.419727 1.000000 test: Vector4f(9.000000, 8.000000, 14.000000, 1.000000) localTest: Vector4f(-13.508600, 8.486917, 9.290090, 2.542114) worldTest: Vector4f(9.000190, 7.993863, 13.990230, 102.057129) As you can see in the more complicated example, the coordinates after converting both ways loose some precision, but this isn't a problem. I'm just wondering how I should deal with the last (w) coordinate? Should I just set it to 1 after performing the matrix multiplication, or does it look like I've done something wrong? Thanks in advance for your help!

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• Graph Isomorphism > What kind of Graph is this?

  - by oodavid

  Essentially, this is a variation of Comparing Two Tree Structures, however I do not have "trees", but rather another type of graph. I need to know what kind of Graph I have in order to figure out if there's a Graph Isomorphism Special Case... As you can see, they are: Not Directed Not A Tree Cyclic Max 4 connections But I still don't know the correct terminology, nor the which Isomorphism algorithm to pursue, guidance appreciated.

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• How can I make an object's hitbox rotate with its texture?

  - by Matthew Optional Meehan

  In XNA, when you have a rectangular sprite that doesnt rotate, it's easy to get its four corners to make a hitbox. However, when you do a rotation, the points get moved and I assume there is some kind of math that I can use to aquire them. I am using the four points to draw a rectangle that visually represents the hitboxes. I have seen some per-pixel collision examples, but I can forsee they would be hard to draw a box/'convex hull' around. I have also seen physics like farseer but I'm not sure if there is a quick tutorial to do what I want.

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• Sprite and Physics components or sub-components?

  - by ashes999

  I'm taking my first dive into creating a very simple entity framework. The key concepts (classes) are: Entity (has 0+ components, can return components by type) SpriteEntity (everything you need to draw on screen, including lighting info) PhysicsEntity (velocity, acceleration, collision detection) I started out with physics notions in my sprite component, and then later removed them to a sub-component. The separation of concerns makes sense; a sprite is enough information to draw anything (X, Y, width, height, lighting, etc.) and physics piggybacks (uses the parent sprite to get X/Y/W/H) while adding physics notions of velocity and collisions. The problem is that I would like collisions to be on an entity level -- meaning "no matter what your representation is (be it sprites, text, or something else), collide against this entity." So I refactored and redirected collision handling from entities to sprite.physics, while mapping and returning the right entity on physics collisions. The problem is that writing code like this.GetComponent<SpriteComponent>().physics is a violation of abstraction. Which made me think (this is the TLDR): should I keep physics as a separate component from sprites, or a sub-component, or something else? How should I share data and separate concerns?

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• Generating Normal map from a Image with a given Albedo map

  - by snape

  I am working on a research problem part of which involves generating normal map from a given image of a rusted object. I searched the internet for techniques to achieve the above and apparently crazybump is mentioned a lot. I tried it but it didn't produce the desirable effects. Also I am looking for a method which draws inspiration from an existing research paper not some closed source software. I turned my attention to the technique described in the this paper. Results from this technique are satisfactory for normal objects because of bias in the training data but it doesn't work very well in the case of rusted objects. After this I focussed my attention on generating Albedo map (the above problem would become more solvable if Albedo map is obtained). Fortunately I am able to generate pretty good albedo maps for images of rusted objects. I used this paper's approach to generate Albedo maps. Now I want to know a good technique to get Normal map given an image and it's corresponding Albedo map. To give you an idea of what kind of images I am working with I am attaching a sample. Links to research material would be really appreciated. Thanks!

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• Swept AABB vs Line Segment 2D

  - by Larolaro

  I've really exhausted as much as Google has to give, I've spent a solid week googling every combination of words for an "AABBvsLine sweep", downloaded countless collision demos, dissected SAT intersection examples and an AABBvsAABB sweep trying to figure out how to approach this. I've not found a single thing covering this specific pairing. Can anyone shed any light on how to get the hit time of a swept AABB vs a Line segment in 2D? I'm still getting familiar with the SAT but I do know how to implement it to a degree, I'm just not sure how to extract the hit time from the velocity in the non axis aligned separating axes for the sweep. I really would appreciate anything at the moment, some code or even some helpful links, I'm at my wits end!

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• E_INVALIDARG: An invalid parameter was passed to the returning function (-2147024809) when loading a cube texture

  - by Boreal

  I'm trying to implement a skybox into my engine, and I'm having some trouble loading the image as a cube map. Everything works (but it doesn't look right) if I don't load using an ImageLoadInformation struct in the ShaderResourceView.FromFile() method, but it breaks if I do. I need to, of course, because I need to tell SlimDX to load it as a cubemap. How can I fix this? Here is my new loading code after the "fix": public static void LoadCubeTexture(string filename) { ImageLoadInformation loadInfo = ImageLoadInformation.FromDefaults(); loadInfo.OptionFlags = ResourceOptionFlags.TextureCube; textures.Add(filename, ShaderResourceView.FromFile(Graphics.device, "Resources/" + filename, loadInfo)); }

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• Skewed: a rotating camera in a simple CPU-based voxel raycaster/raytracer

  - by voxelizr

  TL;DR -- in my first simple software voxel raycaster, I cannot get camera rotations to work, seemingly correct matrices notwithstanding. The result is skewed: like a flat rendering, correctly rotated, however distorted and without depth. (While axis-aligned ie. unrotated, depth and parallax are as expected.) I'm trying to write a simple voxel raycaster as a learning exercise. This is purely CPU based for now until I figure out how things work exactly -- fow now, OpenGL is just (ab)used to blit the generated bitmap to the screen as often as possible. Now I have gotten to the point where a perspective-projection camera can move through the world and I can render (mostly, minus some artifacts that need investigation) perspective-correct 3-dimensional views of the "world", which is basically empty but contains a voxel cube of the Stanford Bunny. So I have a camera that I can move up and down, strafe left and right and "walk forward/backward" -- all axis-aligned so far, no camera rotations. Herein lies my problem. Screenshot #1: correct depth when the camera is still strictly axis-aligned, ie. un-rotated. Now I have for a few days been trying to get rotation to work. The basic logic and theory behind matrices and 3D rotations, in theory, is very clear to me. Yet I have only ever achieved a "2.5 rendering" when the camera rotates... fish-eyey, bit like in Google Streetview: even though I have a volumetric world representation, it seems --no matter what I try-- like I would first create a rendering from the "front view", then rotate that flat rendering according to camera rotation. Needless to say, I'm by now aware that rotating rays is not particularly necessary and error-prone. Still, in my most recent setup, with the most simplified raycast ray-position-and-direction algorithm possible, my rotation still produces the same fish-eyey flat-render-rotated style looks: Screenshot #2: camera "rotated to the right by 39 degrees" -- note how the blue-shaded left-hand side of the cube from screen #2 is not visible in this rotation, yet by now "it really should"! Now of course I'm aware of this: in a simple axis-aligned-no-rotation-setup like I had in the beginning, the ray simply traverses in small steps the positive z-direction, diverging to the left or right and top or bottom only depending on pixel position and projection matrix. As I "rotate the camera to the right or left" -- ie I rotate it around the Y-axis -- those very steps should be simply transformed by the proper rotation matrix, right? So for forward-traversal the Z-step gets a bit smaller the more the cam rotates, offset by an "increase" in the X-step. Yet for the pixel-position-based horizontal+vertical-divergence, increasing fractions of the x-step need to be "added" to the z-step. Somehow, none of my many matrices that I experimented with, nor my experiments with matrix-less hardcoded verbose sin/cos calculations really get this part right. Here's my basic per-ray pre-traversal algorithm -- syntax in Go, but take it as pseudocode: fx and fy: pixel positions x and y rayPos: vec3 for the ray starting position in world-space (calculated as below) rayDir: vec3 for the xyz-steps to be added to rayPos in each step during ray traversal rayStep: a temporary vec3 camPos: vec3 for the camera position in world space camRad: vec3 for camera rotation in radians pmat: typical perspective projection matrix The algorithm / pseudocode: // 1: rayPos is for now "this pixel, as a vector on the view plane in 3d, at The Origin" rayPos.X, rayPos.Y, rayPos.Z = ((fx / width) - 0.5), ((fy / height) - 0.5), 0 // 2: rotate around Y axis depending on cam rotation. No prob since view plane still at Origin 0,0,0 rayPos.MultMat(num.NewDmat4RotationY(camRad.Y)) // 3: a temp vec3. planeDist is -0.15 or some such -- fov-based dist of view plane from eye and also the non-normalized, "in axis-aligned world" traversal step size "forward into the screen" rayStep.X, rayStep.Y, rayStep.Z = 0, 0, planeDist // 4: rotate this too -- 0,zstep should become some meaningful xzstep,xzstep rayStep.MultMat(num.NewDmat4RotationY(CamRad.Y)) // set up direction vector from still-origin-based-ray-position-off-rotated-view-plane plus rotated-zstep-vector rayDir.X, rayDir.Y, rayDir.Z = -rayPos.X - me.rayStep.X, -rayPos.Y, rayPos.Z + rayStep.Z // perspective projection rayDir.Normalize() rayDir.MultMat(pmat) // before traversal, the ray starting position has to be transformed from origin-relative to campos-relative rayPos.Add(camPos) I'm skipping the traversal and sampling parts -- as per screens #1 through #3, those are "basically mostly correct" (though not pretty) -- when axis-aligned / unrotated.

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• Storing and Finding Art Assets

  - by ashes999

  I've started down a line of art asset development that will allow me to (hopefully) reuse and improve assets for several games. But how do I go about storing and finding them? Let's say for example I decide to focus on RPGs for ~2 years. I would create items, monsters, etc. and store them somewhere. How would I categorize them and make them easier to search later on? Is the best solution "use directories with broad categories like landscape/items/monsters/etc.?"

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• AABB Sweeping, algorithm to solve "stacking box" problem

  - by Ivo Wetzel

  I'm currently working on a simple AABB collision system and after some fiddling the sweeping of a single box vs. another and the calculation of the response velocity needed to push them apart works flawlessly. Now on to the new problem, imagine I'm having a stack of boxes which are falling towards a ground box which isn't moving: Each of these boxes has a vertical velocity for the "gravity" value, let's say this velocity is 5. Now, the result is that they all fall into each other: The reason is obvious, since all the boxes have a downward velocity of 5, this results in no collisions when calculating the relative velocity between the boxes during sweeping. Note: The red ground box here is static (always 0 velocity, can utilize spatial partitioning ), and all dynamic static collisions are resolved first, thus the fact that the boxes stop correctly at this ground box. So, this seems to be simply an issue with the order the boxes are sweept against each other. I imagine that sorting the boxes based on their x and y velocities and then sweeping these groups correctly against each other may resolve this issues. So, I'm looking for algorithms / examples on how to implement such a system. The code can be found here: https://github.com/BonsaiDen/aabb The two files which are of interest are [box/Dynamic.lua][3] and [box/Manager.lua][4]. The project is using Love2D in case you want to run it.

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• Writing the correct value in the depth buffer when using ray-casting

  - by hidayat

  I am doing a ray-casting in a 3d texture until I hit a correct value. I am doing the ray-casting in a cube and the cube corners are already in world coordinates so I don't have to multiply the vertices with the modelviewmatrix to get the correct position. Vertex shader world_coordinate_ = gl_Vertex; Fragment shader vec3 direction = (world_coordinate_.xyz - cameraPosition_); direction = normalize(direction); for (float k = 0.0; k < steps; k += 1.0) { .... pos += direction*delta_step; float thisLum = texture3D(texture3_, pos).r; if(thisLum > surface_) ... } Everything works as expected, what I now want is to sample the correct value to the depth buffer. The value that is now written to the depth buffer is the cube coordinate. But I want the value of pos in the 3d texture to be written. So lets say the cube is placed 10 away from origin in -z and the size is 10*10*10. My solution that does not work correctly is this: pos *= 10; pos.z += 10; pos.z *= -1; vec4 depth_vec = gl_ProjectionMatrix * vec4(pos.xyz, 1.0); float depth = ((depth_vec.z / depth_vec.w) + 1.0) * 0.5; gl_FragDepth = depth;

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• Algorithm to find all tiles within a given radius on staggered isometric map

  - by kasztelan

  Given staggered isometric map and a start tile what would be the best way to get all surrounding tiles within given radius(middle to middle)? I can get all neighbours of a given tile and distance between each of them without any problems but I'm not sure what path to take after that. This feature will be used quite often (along with A*) so I'd like to avoid unecessary calculations. If it makes any difference I'm using XNA and each tile is 64x32 pixels.

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