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• No free disk space ;[

  - by skomak

  Hi I have weird situation because Linux df command says that there is no free disk space [root@backup cache]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 72G 70G 0 100% / /dev/sda1 190M 11M 170M 7% /boot tmpfs 248M 0 248M 0% /dev/shm but du -sh /* says [root@backup cache]# du -sh /* 4.0K /bacula-restores 7.4M /bin 5.4M /boot 3.6T /data 116K /dev 55M /etc 204K /home 76M /lib 16K /lost+found 12K /media 0 /misc 16K /mnt 8.0K /mount 0 /net 8.0K /opt 0 /proc 2.3G /root 32M /sbin 8.0K /selinux 168K /share 8.0K /srv 0 /sys 361M /test 20K /tmp 3.2G /usr 1.5G /var Could you tell me where is a problem? Where is my space? I can't figure it out :(

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• Using rsync to take backup of folder

  - by Ali

  Hi, I have a server (Linux) with NAS which is mounted as folder "mount" I have website in "public_html" folder. I want to take backup of website in mount folder automatically at certain intervals for e.g. every hour. I read that there is something called "rsync" which is used to make two folders sync. And it doesn't copy all files every time and instead matches if the file has been changed and then only update changed files. How do I use it to make automatic backups? I have root access to server. Thanks

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• How do I install php-gd?

  - by user42577

  I've done phpinfo() to see if it was installed but I see no mention of the gd libraries anywhere. I ran this command (rpm -qa | grep php) and this is what I see: php-gd-4.3.9-3.18.1.swsoft php-mysql-4.3.9-3.18.1.swsoft php-pgsql-4.3.9-3.18.1.swsoft php-4.3.9-3.18.1.swsoft php-domxml-4.3.9-3.18.1.swsoft php-imap-4.3.9-3.18.1.swsoft php-mbstring-4.3.9-3.18.1.swsoft php-ncurses-4.3.9-3.18.1.swsoft php-pear-4.3.9-3.18.1.swsoft php-snmp-4.3.9-3.18.1.swsoft php-devel-4.3.9-3.18.1.swsoft php-ldap-4.3.9-3.18.1.swsoft php-odbc-4.3.9-3.18.1.swsoft php-xmlrpc-4.3.9-3.18.1.swsoft My server is a linux box with php5 installed. I also tried to run yum install php5-gd to no avail.What else should I do or check to get it installed?

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• Redirect one input from one terminal to another

  - by Niki Yoshiuchi

  I have sshed into a linux box and I'm using dvtm and bash (although I have also tried this with Gnu screen and bash). I have two terminals, current /dev/pts/29 and /dev/pts/130. I want to redirect the input from one to the other. From what I understand, in /dev/pts/130 I can type: cat </dev/pts/29 And then when I type in /dev/pts/29 the characters I type should show up in /dev/pts/130. However what ends up happening is that every other character I type gets redirected. For example, if I type "hello" I get this: /dev/pts/29 | /dev/pts/130 $ | $ cat </dev/pts/29 $ el | hlo This is really frustrating as I need to do this in order to redirect the io of a process running in gdb (I've tried both run /dev/pts/# and set inferior-tty /dev/pts/# and both resulted in the aforementioned behavior). Am I doing something wrong, or is this a bug in bash/screen/dvtm?

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• 8-bit game creator software

  - by dag729

  Hi, Anyone knows about some 8-bit game creator software that runs under GNU/Linux? I want to make some funny game in my spare time, but I prefer to have a tool (or a set of tools) that will help to keep it just a spare-time-project, thus not involving programming! :D Thanks in advance EDIT: For instance, some month ago I tried FPS Creator, being a frontend of DarkGame Studio. Well, FPS Creator is for a 3D FPS game: what I meant is a software similar to this one, but concening 8-bit'ish game.

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• Import emails from Claws IMAP cache

  - by calandoa

  I am trying to import an IMAP account composed of many folders from Claws Mail internal cache. Claws is unfortunately unable to export all the folders by selecting the root account. When checking the internal Claws cache folder, each mail is a plain text file named as following: base_path/My Account/Folder ABC/1 base_path/My Account/Folder ABC/2 base_path/My Account/Folder ABC/3 base_path/My Account/Folder ABC/4 base_path/My Account/Folder DEF/1 base_path/My Account/Folder DEF/2 base_path/My Account/Folder DEF/3 base_path/My Account/Folder X/etc... I tried to import this structure with different mails reader like KMail and Balsa, but each import failed. I just would like all these mails easily accessible and readable. Which tool on Linux can I use to import such a structure?

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• FTP issue - VSFTPd and connecting to from FileZilla

  - by B Tyndall

  I'm trying to connect to a CentOS Linux box that I have hosted on EC2 and I think I have everything configured correctly but when I try to connect I get this series of messages Status: Connection established, waiting for welcome message... Response: 220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5) Command: USER tyndall Response: 331 Please specify the password. Command: PASS ********* Response: 230 Login successful. Status: Connected Status: Retrieving directory listing... Command: PWD Response: 257 "/home/tyndall" Command: TYPE I Response: 200 Switching to Binary mode. Command: PASV Error: Connection timed out Error: Failed to retrieve directory listing Not sure where to start troubleshooting this issue. Any ideas? Do I need to change any permissions? I would think this ID has the ability to see my own home directory. I am able to push/pull files from the command line version of FTP client working on Windows.

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• Keyboard layout for mathematical/Greek symbols

  - by David

  I've been wondering about this for a long time but never thought to ask: I do a lot of scientific work so there are many times it would be really handy to be able to type mathematical symbols or Greek letters which, for the most part, aren't part of the ASCII character set. Like "8 µ ? s t ? ? … v ? = = ±" and so on. Is there a keyboard layout (for Linux) that maps simple key combinations to these kinds of characters? (Assuming all the encoding and font issues are worked out properly) I know I could create one myself but it'd be a lot easier if someone's already done the work, or at least if there's a partial solution I could modify.

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• Unable to bring back terminal launcher in fedora

  - by Sandeepan Nath

  Our office housing keeping guy sat on my linux (Fedora 7) system and somehow removed the main panel. By panel I mean where all the menus are there - Applications, Places, System etc. and contains a tab for every running application. I brought back the panel but now I don't see the terminal launcher and I can't find it anywhere. It used to be there in "Applications - System Tools - Terminal" but now the System Tools option itself is not present there. System - Preferences - Look and Feel - Main Menu. There one System option is unchecked but I can't check it and apply. I am logged in as root. How do I bring it back? Please help. This is very irritating and weird. That guy doesn't even know what he has done so no use of asking him. :)

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• How to enter a bash script at the command line, but not process the script until the entire script h

  - by MHGL

  I am performing some interactive testing using HP's QuickTest Professional and Linux. I am connecting via SSH and feeding the BASH script lines directly into the command line. The problem I'm having is that the script executes as it is entered. I'm attempting to find a way that I can feed the script to the command line, but save execution until the entire script is complete. Anyone have any experience around doing this? I'll admit, it isn't the ideal way to perform this, but it's what I'm faced with at the moment. Any other suggestions are welcome. Thanks!

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• Automatically encrypting incoming email

  - by user16067

  I have a small website and would like to encrypt incoming email using gpg. Is there a way to force sendmail to check email and encrypt it if its not already encrypted? I'm using GPG on a linux server. Thanks [added]Someone asked what I hope to accomplish. My intent is for the users of the email to become more familiar with seeing thier own email encrypted and losing that fear of the unknown. The side benefit is that the email can't be looked at later down the road. If the email isn't encrypted on its way in, I'm unable to do anything about it. I'm assuming most email would be nosed around with once its already on my hard drive, so GPG would protect against those issues.

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• Can I create an SSH user which can access only certain directory?

  - by RiMMER

  I have a Virtual Private Server which I can connect to using SSH with my root account, being able to execute any linux command and access all the disk area, obviously. I would like to create another user account, which would be able to access this server using SSH too, but only to a certain directory, for example /var/www/example.com/ For example, imagine this user has a HUGE error.log file (500 MB) located in /var/www/example.com/logs/error.log When accessing this file using FTP, this user needs to download 500 MB to view the last lines of the log, but I'd like him to be able to execute something like this: tail error.log Therefore I need him to be able to access the server using SSH, but I don't want to grant him access to all server areas. How can I do this?

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• Compiling to a binary from source

  - by Chords

  I'm using WKHTMLTOPDF on a 64-bit Linux server and I'm running into problems with the version. Seen here: http://code.google.com/p/wkhtmltopdf/downloads/list There's slim pickins when it comes to pre-compiled binaries. I started with version 0.9.9 which has a few bugs. I upgraded to 0.11.0 RC 1 to find a slew of new problems, namely the following: http://code.google.com/p/wkhtmltopdf/issues/detail?id=730 I think 0.10 RC 2 would work, and the thread above suggests compiling from the source has a fix for the error I'm getting, but I don't know how to do that. Can anyone explain how I can create a static binary myself, or would anyone be willing to create and post one for the countless people waiting for this fix?

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• What's the best way to mitigate NFS and sudo?

  - by user225874

  Quick background: We have 40 workstations running Linux. NFS is used extensively for bulk data storage and home directories. This allows users to roam freely will relatively transparent file systems. This is an educational environment where postdocs and students have successfully pulled off a coup of sorts. All have gained root on their individual workstations by grooming a technophobic PI who thinks IT people are evil. If I so much as suggest chroot or sudo restrictions, I'll find myself working out of a broom closet. With that in mind, what's the best way to mitigate something like this below? $ hostname workstation1 $ whoami john $ sudo su jane $ whoami jane $ cp -R /home/nfs/jane /mnt/thumbdrive/

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• Making TT-RSS cache images

  - by Piku

  Due to Google Reader's untimely demise, I've installed tiny-tiny RSS on my Linux machine under Apache 2. It's mostly a good enough replacement and I can at least go back to reading RSS feeds in my web browser at work. Can I configure or hack TT-RSS to cache all the images it finds in its feeds? There is an option when adding a feed, but it doesn't seem to actually do anything. If I view (for example) today's XKCD comic in TT-RSS it still loads the image from the XKCD website. What I want is the image to be cached in TT-RSS and served from there instead.

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• Remove Audio stream from XVID files

  - by Kyle Brandt

  I have a bunch of Xvid files that each have an audio stream that I do not want. How can I strip the audio track I don't want using the Linux command line? I don't need the whole script (loop), just what command I would use to process each avi file individually (unless the cmd itself has batch modification built into it). I don't believe the file is in an mkv container, as mkvinfo doesn't find anything. Here is part of mplayer's output (thanks ~quack): [aviheader] Video stream found, -vid 0 ID_AUDIO_ID=1 [aviheader] Audio stream found, -aid 1 ID_AUDIO_ID=2 [aviheader] Audio stream found, -aid 2 VIDEO: [XVID] 512x384 12bpp 25.000 fps 1013.4 kbps (123.7 kbyte/s)

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• Limit disk I/O one program creates?

  - by Posipiet

  Hardware: one virtualization server. Dual Nehalem, 24GB RAM, 2 TB mirrored HD. Software: Debian, KVM, virt-manager on the server with several virtual machines that use Linux too. 2 TB Disk is a big LVM, each VM gets a logical volume and makes its own partitions in that. Problem: One of the programs that runs on one of the VMs creates huge disk load. This never was an issue, because the program never ran on such a powerful hardware. Now the CPUs are fast, and lots of I/O is the result. We cant do much against that at the moment, because the tool is a black box. On the other hand, the speedy computation is welcome. The program creates about 5 GB of temp files which get overwritten during the next iteration. Question: How can we limit the disk I/O for the process?

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• How to share files between cPanel accounts?

  - by Darren

  I am setting up a multi-site/multi-store Magento installation, and I want each site to have its own cPanel account so I can setup the SSL and dedicated IP properly. I have tried to create a linux group called 'magento' and changed the files I need to share to that group (even added the users to that group), however when I try to access files through my scripts on those accounts it doesn't acknowledge the files exist. I first made a soft symbolic link which didn't work and then including them to their real location but it didn't work. Am I missing a step in allowing which users can access which files? I added the users to the magento group and like I said changed the group of the files I need to share to them but it's still not working. Thanks, Darren

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• Is there a way to determine the original size or file count of a 7-zip archive?

  - by Zac B

  I know that when I compress an archive with the 7za utility, it gives me stats like the number of files processed and the amount of bytes processed (the original size of the data). Is it possible, using the commandline (on linux) or some programming language, to determine: the original size of an archive, before it was compressed? the number of files/directories contained within an archive? The answer might be "no, just decompress the whole archive and do counting/sizing then", but it would be useful to know if there was a faster/less space-greedy way.

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• What is the difference between /sbin/nologin and /bin/false?

  - by Michael Hampton

  I have often heard it recommended that a user account should be disabled by setting its shell to /bin/false. But, on my existing Linux systems, I see that a great number of existing accounts (all of them service accounts) have a shell of /sbin/nologin instead. I see from the man page that /sbin/nologin prints a message to the user saying the account is disabled, and then exits. Presumably /bin/false would not print anything. I also see that /sbin/nologin is listed in /etc/shells, while /bin/false is not. The man page says that FTP will disable access for users with a shell not listed in /etc/shells and implies that other programs may do the same. Does that mean that somebody could FTP in with an account that has /sbin/nologin as its shell? What is the difference here? Which one of these should I use to disable a user account, and in what circumstances? What other effects does a listing in /etc/shells have?

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• Is it possible to convert striped logical volume to linear logical volume?

  - by JooMing

  I've a logical volume that is striped across three physical volumes. I had to move this logical volume to another physical volume. This worked nicely with pvmove command. However, I discovered later that the logical volume is still striped and now all three stripes are on the same physical volume. Is there any way to convert striped logical volumes to linear logical volumes? I'm using LVM2 on linux. I figured that the obvious possibility is to rename the striped logical volume, create a new linear logical volume, and then copy data over, but that requires taking the filesystem system offline for some time. Unfortunately, I can't do that before the next week. Is there any better alternative?

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• How to increase max FD limit for a daemon process running under a headless user?

  - by Ameliorator

  To increase the FD limit for a daemon process running under a headless user on a Ubuntu Linux machine we did following changes in /etc/security/limits.conf soft nofile 10000 hard nofile 10000 We also added session required pam_limits.so in /etc/pam.d/login. The changes got reflected for all the users who logged out and logged in again. Whatever new processes are starting under those users are getting new FD limits. But for the daemon which is running under a headless user the changes are not getting reflected. what is the way by which the changes can be reflected for the daemon which is running under headless user ?

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• How to automatically show USB camera or memory stick contents in Icewm?

  - by darenw

  I normally use a very lightweight Linux setup. No desktop like Gnome or KDE, just Icewm as the windows manager and nothing else that normal users might consider essential. Well, I do need a file manager - I use Thunar. Recently I've been trying Gnome. Whenever I shove a memory stick into a USB port, or connect my digital camera, it can automatically pop up a file manager showing all the goodies on that device. KDE does this too. I like this. Although quick at the command line, I like not having to go sudo to mount the device and all that. If I want to stick with a lightweight setup using Icewm+Thunar, is there something non-huge I can install to make external devices fire up a Thunar window, or otherwise make access to the contents brainlessly easy?

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• Computer freezes for 2+ seconds, mouse still moves

  - by xsaero00

  I have this problem on my workstation. The computer would effectively freeze for 2-5 seconds for no apparent reason, then continue as normal. While frozen the mouse would still be movable, but only on one of screens in my multi-screen setup. What can be the likely cause. System: CPU: i7-920 Memory: 12G of Patriot DDR3, 6 modules OS: SLED 11, Suse Linux Enterprise Desktop, using Gnome Main board: Asus P6T Video: two Nvidia 9500GT connected to three displays I am using memory at recommended settings of 8-8-8-1333. It has an XMP profile. Th CPU is a bit overclocked to 3.3 GHz, but my cooling more than allows for it. I ran the computer with all overclocks off and lower memory speed but the issue was still there. Any ideas? Where should I start looking?

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• Convert color photos of documents to good black-and-white images?

  - by Norman Ramsey

  Since I don't have a copier or scanner, I'm using an 8 megapixel camera to copy documents. This works pretty well except they need a lot of processing afterward. I'd like to get from a photo to a bitmap, but using djpeg -grayscale -pnm photo.jpg | pgmtopbm -threshold -value XXX does not work so well, for two reasons: It's hard to guess what XXX should be, and XXX is different for different photos. Illumination varies, and sometimes a single threshold isn't what's right for the image. How can I do better? The ideal solution will be fully automatic command-line program that I can run on Linux. (I have already written a program to remove dark pixels from the edges of images.)

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