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  • (Quaternion based) Trouble moving foward based on model rotation

    - by ChocoMan
    Using quaternions, I'm having trouble moving my model in its facing direction. Currently the model moves can move in all cardinal directions with no problems. The problem comes when I rotate the move as it still travelling in the direction of world space. Meaning, if I'm moving forward, backward or any other direction while rotating the model, the model acts like its a figure skater spinning while traveling in the same direction. How do I update the direction of travel proper with the facing direction of the model? Rotates model on Y-axis: Yaw = pController.ThumbSticks.Right.X * MathHelper.ToRadians(speedAngleMAX); AddRotation = Quaternion.CreateFromYawPitchRoll(yaw, 0, 0); ModelLoad.MRotation *= AddRotation; MOrientation = Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(ModelLoad.MRotation); Moves model forward: // Move Forward if (pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickUp)) { SpeedX = (float)(Math.Sin(ModelLoad.ModelRotation)) * FWDSpeedMax * pController.ThumbSticks.Left.Y * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; SpeedZ = (float)(Math.Cos(ModelLoad.ModelRotation)) * FWDSpeedMax * pController.ThumbSticks.Left.Y * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; // Update model position ModelLoad._modelPos += Vector3.Forward * SpeedZ; ModelLoad._modelPos += Vector3.Left * SpeedX; }

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  • Looking for literature about graphics pipeline optimization

    - by zacharmarz
    I am looking for some books, articles or tutorials about graphics architecture and graphics pipeline optimizations. It shouldn't be too old (2008 or newer) - the newer, the better. I have found something in [Optimising the Graphics Pipeline, NVIDIA, Koji Ashida] - too old, [Real-time rendering, Akenine Moller], [OpenGL Bindless Extensions, NVIDIA, Jeff Bolz], [Efficient multifragment effects on graphics processing units, Louis Frederic Bavoil] and some internet discussions. But there is not too much information and I want to read more. It should contain something about application, driver, memory and shader units communication and data transfers. About vertices and attributes. Also pre and post T&L cache (if they still exist in nowadays architectures) etc. I don't need anything about textures, frame buffers and rasterization. It can also be about OpenGL (not about DirecX) and optimizing extensions (not old extensions like VBOs, but newer like vertex_buffer_unified_memory).

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  • Greiner-Hormann clipping problem

    - by Belgin
    I have a set of planar polygons in 3D space defined by their vertices in counterclockwise order. Let's define the 'positive face' as being the face of the 3D polygon such as when observed, the vertices appear in counterclockwise order, and the 'negative face', the face which when observed, the vertices appear in clockwise order. I'm doing perspective projection of the set of polygons onto a projection polygon defined by the points in this order: (0, h, 0), (0, 0, 0), (w, 0, 0), and (w, h, 0), where w and h are strictly positive integers. The positive face of this projection polygon is oriented towards positive Z, and the camera point is somewhere at (0, 0, d), where d is a strictly negative number. In order to 'clip' the projected polygons into the projection polygon, I'm applying the Greiner-Hormann (PDF) clipping algorithm, which requires that the clipper and the to-be-clipped polygons be in the same order (i.e. clockwise or counterclockwise). My question is the following: How can I determine whether the projected face of the 3D polygon is the negative or the positive one? Meaning, how do I find out if I have to work with the vertices in normal or inverted order for the algorithm to work? I noticed that only if the 3D polygon is facing the projection polygon with its negative face, both of them are in the same order (counterclockwise), otherwise, a modification needs to be done. Here is a picture (PNG) that illustrates this. Note that the planes described by the polygon from the set and the projection polygon may not always be parallel.

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  • My first animation - Using SDL.NET C#

    - by Mark
    Hi all! I'm trying to animate a player object in my 2D grid when the user clicks somewhere in the screen. I got the following 4 variables: oX (Current player position X) oY (Current player position Y) dX (Destination X) dY (Destination Y) How can I make sure the player moves in a straight line to the new XY coordinates. The way I'm doing it now is really awfull and causes the player to first move along x axis, and finally in y axis. Can someone give me some guidance with the involved math cause I'm really not sure on how to accomplish this. Thank you for your time. Kind regards, Mark Update: It's working now but whats the right way to check if the current positions are equal to the target position? private static void MovePlayer(double x2, double y2, int duration) { double hX = x2 - m_PlayerPosition.X; double hY = y2 - m_PlayerPosition.Y; double Length = Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(hX, 2) + Math.Pow(hY, 2)); hX = hX / Length; hY = hY / Length; while (m_PlayerPosition.X != Convert.ToInt32(x2) || m_PlayerPosition.Y != Convert.ToInt32(y2)) { m_PlayerPosition.X += Convert.ToInt32(hX * 1); m_PlayerPosition.Y += Convert.ToInt32(hY * 1); UpdatePlayerLocation(); } }

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  • runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference

    - by Klink
    I want to learn OpenGL 3.0 with golang. But when i try to compile some code, i get many errors. package main import ( "os" //"errors" "fmt" //gl "github.com/chsc/gogl/gl33" //"github.com/jteeuwen/glfw" "github.com/go-gl/gl" "github.com/go-gl/glfw" "runtime" "time" ) var ( width int = 640 height int = 480 ) var ( points = []float32{0.0, 0.8, -0.8, -0.8, 0.8, -0.8} ) func initScene() { gl.Init() gl.ClearColor(0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0) gl.Enable(gl.CULL_FACE) gl.Viewport(0, 0, 800, 600) } func glfwInitWindowContext() { if err := glfw.Init(); err != nil { fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "glfw_Init: %s\n", err) glfw.Terminate() } glfw.OpenWindowHint(glfw.FsaaSamples, 1) glfw.OpenWindowHint(glfw.WindowNoResize, 1) if err := glfw.OpenWindow(width, height, 0, 0, 0, 0, 32, 0, glfw.Windowed); err != nil { fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "glfw_Window: %s\n", err) glfw.CloseWindow() } glfw.SetSwapInterval(1) glfw.SetWindowTitle("Title") } func drawScene() { for glfw.WindowParam(glfw.Opened) == 1 { gl.Clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) vertexShaderSrc := `#version 120 attribute vec2 coord2d; void main(void) { gl_Position = vec4(coord2d, 0.0, 1.0); }` vertexShader := gl.CreateShader(gl.VERTEX_SHADER) vertexShader.Source(vertexShaderSrc) vertexShader.Compile() fragmentShaderSrc := `#version 120 void main(void) { gl_FragColor[0] = 0.0; gl_FragColor[1] = 0.0; gl_FragColor[2] = 1.0; }` fragmentShader := gl.CreateShader(gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER) fragmentShader.Source(fragmentShaderSrc) fragmentShader.Compile() program := gl.CreateProgram() program.AttachShader(vertexShader) program.AttachShader(fragmentShader) program.Link() attribute_coord2d := program.GetAttribLocation("coord2d") program.Use() //attribute_coord2d.AttribPointer(size, typ, normalized, stride, pointer) attribute_coord2d.EnableArray() attribute_coord2d.AttribPointer(0, 3, false, 0, &(points[0])) //gl.DrawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, len(points)) gl.DrawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 3) glfw.SwapBuffers() inputHandler() time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond) } } func inputHandler() { glfw.Enable(glfw.StickyKeys) if glfw.Key(glfw.KeyEsc) == glfw.KeyPress { //gl.DeleteBuffers(2, &uiVBO[0]) glfw.Terminate() } if glfw.Key(glfw.KeyF2) == glfw.KeyPress { glfw.SetWindowTitle("Title2") fmt.Println("Changed to 'Title2'") fmt.Println(len(points)) } if glfw.Key(glfw.KeyF1) == glfw.KeyPress { glfw.SetWindowTitle("Title1") fmt.Println("Changed to 'Title1'") } } func main() { runtime.LockOSThread() glfwInitWindowContext() initScene() drawScene() } And after that: panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference [signal 0xb code=0x1 addr=0x0 pc=0x41bc6f74] goroutine 1 [syscall]: github.com/go-gl/gl._Cfunc_glDrawArrays(0x4, 0x7f8500000003) /tmp/go-build463568685/github.com/go-gl/gl/_obj/_cgo_defun.c:610 +0x2f github.com/go-gl/gl.DrawArrays(0x4, 0x3, 0x0, 0x45bd70) /tmp/go-build463568685/github.com/go-gl/gl/_obj/gl.cgo1.go:1922 +0x33 main.drawScene() /home/klink/Dev/Go/gogl/gopher/exper.go:85 +0x1e6 main.main() /home/klink/Dev/Go/gogl/gopher/exper.go:116 +0x27 goroutine 2 [syscall]: created by runtime.main /build/buildd/golang-1/src/pkg/runtime/proc.c:221 exit status 2

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  • Shadows shimmer when camera moves

    - by Chad Layton
    I've implemented shadow maps in my simple block engine as an exercise. I'm using one directional light and using the view volume to create the shadow matrices. I'm experiencing some problems with the shadows shimmering when the camera moves and I'd like to know if it's an issue with my implementation or just an issue with basic/naive shadow mapping itself. Here's a video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyprATt5BBg&feature=youtu.be Here's the code I use to create the shadow matrices. The commented out code is my original attempt to perfectly fit the view frustum. You can also see my attempt to try clamping movement to texels in the shadow map which didn't seem to make any difference. Then I tried using a bounding sphere instead, also to no apparent effect. public void CreateViewProjectionTransformsToFit(Camera camera, out Matrix viewTransform, out Matrix projectionTransform, out Vector3 position) { BoundingSphere cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere = BoundingSphere.CreateFromFrustum(camera.ViewFrustum); float lightNearPlaneDistance = 1.0f; Vector3 lookAt = cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere.Center; float distanceFromLookAt = cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere.Radius + lightNearPlaneDistance; Vector3 directionFromLookAt = -Direction * distanceFromLookAt; position = lookAt + directionFromLookAt; viewTransform = Matrix.CreateLookAt(position, lookAt, Vector3.Up); float lightFarPlaneDistance = distanceFromLookAt + cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere.Radius; float diameter = cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere.Radius * 2.0f; Matrix.CreateOrthographic(diameter, diameter, lightNearPlaneDistance, lightFarPlaneDistance, out projectionTransform); //Vector3 cameraViewFrustumCentroid = camera.ViewFrustum.GetCentroid(); //position = cameraViewFrustumCentroid - (Direction * (camera.FarPlaneDistance - camera.NearPlaneDistance)); //viewTransform = Matrix.CreateLookAt(position, cameraViewFrustumCentroid, Up); //Vector3[] cameraViewFrustumCornersWS = camera.ViewFrustum.GetCorners(); //Vector3[] cameraViewFrustumCornersLS = new Vector3[8]; //Vector3.Transform(cameraViewFrustumCornersWS, ref viewTransform, cameraViewFrustumCornersLS); //Vector3 min = cameraViewFrustumCornersLS[0]; //Vector3 max = cameraViewFrustumCornersLS[0]; //for (int i = 1; i < 8; i++) //{ // min = Vector3.Min(min, cameraViewFrustumCornersLS[i]); // max = Vector3.Max(max, cameraViewFrustumCornersLS[i]); //} //// Clamp to nearest texel //float texelSize = 1.0f / Renderer.ShadowMapSize; //min.X -= min.X % texelSize; //min.Y -= min.Y % texelSize; //min.Z -= min.Z % texelSize; //max.X -= max.X % texelSize; //max.Y -= max.Y % texelSize; //max.Z -= max.Z % texelSize; //// We just use an orthographic projection matrix. The sun is so far away that it's rays are essentially parallel. //Matrix.CreateOrthographicOffCenter(min.X, max.X, min.Y, max.Y, -max.Z, -min.Z, out projectionTransform); } And here's the relevant part of the shader: if (CastShadows) { float4 positionLightCS = mul(float4(position, 1.0f), LightViewProj); float2 texCoord = clipSpaceToScreen(positionLightCS) + 0.5f / ShadowMapSize; float shadowMapDepth = tex2D(ShadowMapSampler, texCoord).r; float distanceToLight = length(LightPosition - position); float bias = 0.2f; if (shadowMapDepth < (distanceToLight - bias)) { return float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); } } The shimmer is slightly better if I drastically reduce the view volume but I think that's mostly just because the texels become smaller and it's harder to notice them flickering back and forth. I'd appreciate any insight, I'd very much like to understand what's going on before I try other techniques.

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  • LWJGL texture bleeding fix won't work

    - by user1990950
    I tried a lot of things to fix texture bleeding, but nothing works. I don't want to add a transparent border around my textures, because I already got too many and it would take too much time and I can't do it with code because I'm loading textures with slick. My textures are seperate textures and they seem to wrap on the other side (texture bleeding). Here are the textures that are "bleeding": The head, body, arm and leg are seperate textures. Here's the code I'm using to draw a texture: public static void drawTextureN(Texture texture, Vector2f position, Vector2f translation, Vector2f origin,Vector2f scale,float rotation, Color color, FlipState flipState) { texture.setTextureFilter(GL11.GL_NEAREST); color.bind(); texture.bind(); GL11.glTexParameteri(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL12.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); GL11.glTexParameteri(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL12.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); GL11.glTexParameteri(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL11.GL_NEAREST); GL11.glTexParameteri(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL11.GL_NEAREST); GL11.glTranslatef((int)position.x, (int)position.y, 0); GL11.glTranslatef(-(int)translation.x, -(int)translation.y, 0); GL11.glRotated(rotation, 0f, 0f, 1f); GL11.glScalef(scale.x, scale.y, 1); GL11.glTranslatef(-(int)origin.x, -(int)origin.y, 0); float pixelCorrection = 0f; GL11.glBegin(GL11.GL_QUADS); GL11.glTexCoord2f(0,0); GL11.glVertex2f(0,0); GL11.glTexCoord2f(1,0); GL11.glVertex2f(texture.getTextureWidth(),0); GL11.glTexCoord2f(1,1); GL11.glVertex2f(texture.getTextureWidth(),texture.getTextureHeight()); GL11.glTexCoord2f(0,1); GL11.glVertex2f(0,texture.getTextureHeight()); GL11.glEnd(); GL11.glLoadIdentity(); } I tried a half pixel correction but it didn't make any sense because GL12.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE. I set pixelCorrection to 0, but it still wont work.

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  • libgdx - removing the circle outline rendered on Box2d CircleShape

    - by Brett
    How can I remove the outline on the circleshape below.. CircleShape circle = new CircleShape(); circle.setRadius(1f); ... using ... batch.draw(textureRegion, position.x - 1, position.y - 1, 1f, 1f, 2, 2, 1, 1, angle); I use this to set the body for a Box2d collision but I get a silly circle shape around my texture in libGdx, i.e. my textured sprite (ball) has a circle over the top of it with a line running from center along the radius. Any ideas on how to remove the overlying circle lines?

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  • obj-c classes and sub classes (Cocos2d) conversion

    - by Lewis
    Hi I'm using this version of cocos2d: https://github.com/krzysztofzablocki/CCNode-SFGestureRecognizers Which supports the UIGestureRecognizer within a CCLayer in a cocos2d scene like so: @interface HelloWorldLayer : CCLayer <UIGestureRecognizerDelegate> { } Now I want to make this custom gesture work within the scene, attaching it to a sprite in cocos2d: #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h> @protocol OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate <NSObject> @optional - (void) rotation: (CGFloat) angle; - (void) finalAngle: (CGFloat) angle; @end @interface OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer { CGPoint midPoint; CGFloat innerRadius; CGFloat outerRadius; CGFloat cumulatedAngle; id <OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate> target; } - (id) initWithMidPoint: (CGPoint) midPoint innerRadius: (CGFloat) innerRadius outerRadius: (CGFloat) outerRadius target: (id) target; - (void)reset; - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; @end #include <math.h> #import "OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer.h" @implementation OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer // private helper functions CGFloat distanceBetweenPoints(CGPoint point1, CGPoint point2); CGFloat angleBetweenLinesInDegrees(CGPoint beginLineA, CGPoint endLineA, CGPoint beginLineB, CGPoint endLineB); - (id) initWithMidPoint: (CGPoint) _midPoint innerRadius: (CGFloat) _innerRadius outerRadius: (CGFloat) _outerRadius target: (id <OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate>) _target { if ((self = [super initWithTarget: _target action: nil])) { midPoint = _midPoint; innerRadius = _innerRadius; outerRadius = _outerRadius; target = _target; } return self; } /** Calculates the distance between point1 and point 2. */ CGFloat distanceBetweenPoints(CGPoint point1, CGPoint point2) { CGFloat dx = point1.x - point2.x; CGFloat dy = point1.y - point2.y; return sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy); } CGFloat angleBetweenLinesInDegrees(CGPoint beginLineA, CGPoint endLineA, CGPoint beginLineB, CGPoint endLineB) { CGFloat a = endLineA.x - beginLineA.x; CGFloat b = endLineA.y - beginLineA.y; CGFloat c = endLineB.x - beginLineB.x; CGFloat d = endLineB.y - beginLineB.y; CGFloat atanA = atan2(a, b); CGFloat atanB = atan2(c, d); // convert radiants to degrees return (atanA - atanB) * 180 / M_PI; } #pragma mark - UIGestureRecognizer implementation - (void)reset { [super reset]; cumulatedAngle = 0; } - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesBegan:touches withEvent:event]; if ([touches count] != 1) { self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; return; } } - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesMoved:touches withEvent:event]; if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed) return; CGPoint nowPoint = [[touches anyObject] locationInView: self.view]; CGPoint prevPoint = [[touches anyObject] previousLocationInView: self.view]; // make sure the new point is within the area CGFloat distance = distanceBetweenPoints(midPoint, nowPoint); if ( innerRadius <= distance && distance <= outerRadius) { // calculate rotation angle between two points CGFloat angle = angleBetweenLinesInDegrees(midPoint, prevPoint, midPoint, nowPoint); // fix value, if the 12 o'clock position is between prevPoint and nowPoint if (angle > 180) { angle -= 360; } else if (angle < -180) { angle += 360; } // sum up single steps cumulatedAngle += angle; // call delegate if ([target respondsToSelector: @selector(rotation:)]) { [target rotation:angle]; } } else { // finger moved outside the area self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; } } - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesEnded:touches withEvent:event]; if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) { self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized; if ([target respondsToSelector: @selector(finalAngle:)]) { [target finalAngle:cumulatedAngle]; } } else { self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; } cumulatedAngle = 0; } - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesCancelled:touches withEvent:event]; self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; cumulatedAngle = 0; } @end Header file for view controller: #import "OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer.h" @interface OneFingerRotationGestureViewController : UIViewController <OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate> @property (nonatomic, strong) IBOutlet UIImageView *image; @property (nonatomic, strong) IBOutlet UITextField *textDisplay; @end then this is in the .m file: gestureRecognizer = [[OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithMidPoint: midPoint innerRadius: outRadius / 3 outerRadius: outRadius target: self]; [self.view addGestureRecognizer: gestureRecognizer]; Now my question is, is it possible to add this custom gesture into the cocos2d project found on that github, and if so, what do I need to change in the OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate to get it to work within cocos2d. Because at the minute it is setup in a standard iOS project and not a cocos2d project and I do not know enough about UIViews and classing/ sub classing in obj-c to get this to work. Also it seems to inherit from a UIView where cocos2d uses CCLayer. Kind regards, Lewis. I also realise I may have not included enough code from the custom gesture project for readers to interpret it fully, so the full project can be found here: https://github.com/melle/OneFingerRotationGestureDemo

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  • Center directional light shadow to the cameras eye

    - by Caesar
    I'm currently drawing my directional light shadow using this view and projection: XMFLOAT3 dir((float)pitch, (float)yaw, (float)roll); XMFLOAT3 center(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); XMVECTOR lightDir = XMLoadFloat3(&dir); XMVECTOR lightPos = radius * lightDir; XMVECTOR targetPos = XMLoadFloat3(&center); XMVECTOR up = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); XMMATRIX V = XMMatrixLookAtLH(lightPos, targetPos, up); // This is the view // Transform bounding sphere to light space. XMFLOAT3 sphereCenterLS; XMStoreFloat3(&sphereCenterLS, XMVector3TransformCoord(targetPos, V)); // Ortho frustum in light space encloses scene. float l = sphereCenterLS.x - radius; float b = sphereCenterLS.y - radius; float n = sphereCenterLS.z - radius; float r = sphereCenterLS.x + radius; float t = sphereCenterLS.y + radius; float f = sphereCenterLS.z + radius; XMMATRIX P = XMMatrixOrthographicOffCenterLH(l, r, b, t, n, f); // This is the projection Which works prefect if the center of my scene is at 0.0, 0.0, 0.0. What I would like to do is move the center of the scene relative to the cameras position. How can I do that?

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  • Bullet Physic: Transform body after adding

    - by Mathias Hölzl
    I would like to transform a rigidbody after adding it to the btDiscreteDynamicsWorld. When I use the CF_KINEMATIC_OBJECT flag I am able to transform it but it's static (no collision response/gravity). When I don't use the CF_KINEMATIC_OBJECT flag the transform doesn't gets applied. So how to I transform non-static objects in bullet? DemoCode: btBoxShape* colShape = new btBoxShape(btVector3(SCALING*1,SCALING*1,SCALING*1)); /// Create Dynamic Objects btTransform startTransform; startTransform.setIdentity(); btScalar mass(1.f); //rigidbody is dynamic if and only if mass is non zero, otherwise static bool isDynamic = (mass != 0.f); btVector3 localInertia(0,0,0); if (isDynamic) colShape->calculateLocalInertia(mass,localInertia); btDefaultMotionState* myMotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(); btRigidBody::btRigidBodyConstructionInfo rbInfo(mass,myMotionState,colShape,localInertia); btRigidBody* body = new btRigidBody(rbInfo); body->setCollisionFlags(body->getCollisionFlags()|btCollisionObject::CF_KINEMATIC_OBJECT); body->setActivationState(DISABLE_DEACTIVATION); m_dynamicsWorld->addRigidBody(body); startTransform.setOrigin(SCALING*btVector3( btScalar(0), btScalar(20), btScalar(0) )); body->getMotionState()->setWorldTransform(startTransform);

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  • Resources for 2D rendering using OpenGL?

    - by nightcracker
    I noticed that there is quite some difference between 3D and 2D rendering using OpenGL, the techniques are different - pixel-perfect placing is a lot more desirable, among other things. Are there any good (complete) references on using OpenGL for rendering 2D graphics? There are quite a few "tutorials" around on the net that help you open a window, set up a half-decent environment and draw a sprite, but no real good information on rotation, blending, lightning, drawing order, using the z-buffer, particles, "complex" primitives (circles, stars, cross symbols), ensuring pixel-perfect rendering, instancing and many other staple 2D effects/techniques. Any books, great blogs, anything? Any particular awesome libraries to read?

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  • Rotate around the centre of the screen

    - by Dan Scott
    I want my camera to rotate around the centre of screen and I'm not sure how to achieve that. I have a rotation in the camera but I'm not sure what its rotating around. (I think it might be rotating around the position.X of camera, not sure) If you look at these two images: http://imgur.com/E9qoAM7,5qzyhGD#0 http://imgur.com/E9qoAM7,5qzyhGD#1 The first one shows how the camera is normally, and the second shows how I want the level to look when I would rotate the camera 90 degrees left or right. My camera: public class Camera { private Matrix transform; public Matrix Transform { get { return transform; } } private Vector2 position; public Vector2 Position { get { return position; } set { position = value; } } private float rotation; public float Rotation { get { return rotation; } set { rotation = value; } } private Viewport viewPort; public Camera(Viewport newView) { viewPort = newView; } public void Update(Player player) { position.X = player.PlayerPos.X + (player.PlayerRect.Width / 2) - viewPort.Width / 4; if (position.X < 0) position.X = 0; transform = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-position, 0)) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ(Rotation); if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.D)) { rotation += 0.01f; } if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) { rotation -= 0.01f; } } } (I'm assuming you would need to rotate around the centre of the screen to achieve this)

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  • Asset missing problem XNA

    - by ChocoMan
    I'm using VS2010 with XNA 4.0 and I'm trying to load an FBX model with texture on the screen. The problem I'm having is this error: Missing Asset: C:\Users\ChocoMan\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\XNAGame\Documents\Visual Studio\Projects\XNAGame\XNAGameContent\Textures\texture.bmp but the actual path to the texture is C:\Users\ChocoMan\Documents\Visual Studio\Projects\XNAGame\XNAGameContent\Textures\texture.bmp Also, when I linked the texture in Maya, I used the above address. Does anyone know why VS is looking for an incorrect address that doesnt exist?

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  • Using Shader causes triangle to disappear

    - by invisal
    The following is my rendering code. Private Sub GameRender() GL.Clear(ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit + ClearBufferMask.DepthBufferBit) GL.ClearColor(Color.SkyBlue) GL.UseProgram(theProgram) GL.EnableClientState(ArrayCap.VertexArray) GL.EnableClientState(ArrayCap.ColorArray) GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ArrayBuffer, vertexPositionID) GL.DrawArrays(BeginMode.Triangles, 0, 3) GL.DisableClientState(ArrayCap.ColorArray) GL.DisableClientState(ArrayCap.VertexArray) GlControl1.SwapBuffers() End Sub This is screenshot without GL.UseProgram(theProgram) This is screenshot with GL.UseProgram(theProgram) Here are my shader code that I picked from online tutorial. Vertex Shader #version 330 layout(location = 0) in vec4 position; void main() { gl_Position = position; } Fragment Shader #version 330 out vec4 outputColor; void main() { outputColor = vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); } These are my shader creation code. '' Initialize Shader Dim shaderList(1) As Integer shaderList(0) = CreateShader(ShaderType.VertexShader, strVertexShader) shaderList(1) = CreateShader(ShaderType.FragmentShader, strFragShader) theProgram = CreateProgram(shaderList) GL.DeleteShader(shaderList(0)) GL.DeleteShader(shaderList(1)) Here are my helper functions Private Function CreateShader(ByVal shaderType As ShaderType, ByVal code As String) Dim shader As Integer = GL.CreateShader(shaderType) GL.ShaderSource(shader, code) GL.CompileShader(shader) Dim status As Integer GL.GetShader(shader, ShaderParameter.CompileStatus, status) If status = False Then MsgBox(GL.GetShaderInfoLog(shader)) End If Return shader End Function Private Function CreateProgram(ByVal shaderList() As Integer) As Integer Dim program As Integer = GL.CreateProgram() For i As Integer = 0 To shaderList.Length - 1 GL.AttachShader(program, shaderList(i)) Next GL.LinkProgram(program) Dim status As Integer GL.GetProgram(program, ProgramParameter.LinkStatus, status) If status = False Then MsgBox(GL.GetProgramInfoLog(program)) End If For i As Integer = 0 To shaderList.Length - 1 GL.DetachShader(program, shaderList(i)) Next Return program End Function

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  • What are the most common AI systems implemented in Tower Defense Games

    - by the_Dan
    I'm currently in the middle of researching on the various types of AI techniques used in tower defense type games. If someone could be help me in understanding the different types of techniques and their associated advantages. Using Google I already found several techniques. Random Map traversal Path finding e.g. Cost based Traversing Algorithms i.e. A* I have already found a great answer to this type of question with the below link, but I feel that this answer is tailored to FPS. If anyone could add to this and make it specific to tower defense games then I would be truly great-full. How is AI most commonly implemented in popular games? Example of such games would be: Radiant Defense Plant Vs Zombies - Not truly Intelligent, but there must be an AI system used right? Field Runners Edit: After further research I found an interesting book that may be useful: http://www.amazon.com/dp/0123747317/?tag=stackoverfl08-20

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  • Is it possible to construct a cube with fewer than 24 vertices

    - by Telanor
    I have a cube-based world like Minecraft and I'm wondering if there's a way to construct a cube with fewer than 24 vertices so I can reduce memory usage. It doesn't seem possible to me for 2 reasons: the normals wouldn't come out right and per-face textures wouldn't work. Is this the case or am I wrong? Maybe there's some fancy new DX11 tech that can help? Edit: Just to clarify, I have 2 requirements: I need surface normals for each cube face in order to do proper lighting and I need a way to address a different indexes in a texture array for each cube face

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  • Can't load vector font in Nuclex Framework

    - by ProgrammerAtWork
    I've been trying to get this to work for the last 2 hours and I'm not getting what I'm doing wrong... I've added Nuclex.TrueTypeImporter to my references in my content and I've added Nuclex.Fonts & Nuclex.Graphics in my main project. I've put Arial-24-Vector.spritefont & Lindsey.spritefont in the root of my content directory. _spriteFont = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("Lindsey"); // works _testFont = Content.Load<VectorFont>("Arial-24-Vector"); // crashes I get this error on the _testFont line: File contains Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.SpriteFont but trying to load as Nuclex.Fonts.VectorFont. So I've searched around and by the looks of it it has something to do with the content importer & the content processor. For the content importer I have no new choices, so I leave it as it is, Sprite Font Description - XNA Framework for content processor and I select Vector Font - Nuclex Framework And then I try to run it. _testFont = Content.Load<VectorFont>("Arial-24-Vector"); // crashes again I get the following error Error loading "Arial-24-Vector". It does work if I load a sprite, so it's not a pathing problem. I've checked the samples, they do work, but I think they also use a different version of the XNA framework because in my version the "Content" class starts with a capital letter. I'm at a loss, so I ask here. Edit: Something super weird is going on. I've just added the following two lines to a method inside FreeTypeFontProcessor::FreeTypeFontProcessor( Microsoft::Xna::Framework::Content::Pipeline::Graphics::FontDescription ^fontDescription, FontHinter hinter, just to check if code would even get there: System::Console::WriteLine("I AM HEEREEE"); System::Console::ReadLine(); So, I compile it, put it in my project, I run it and... it works! What the hell?? This is weird because I've downloaded the binaries, they didn't work, I've compiled the binaries myself. didn't work either, but now I make a small change to the code and it works? _. So, now I remove the two lines, compile it again and it works again. Someone care to elaborate what is going on? Probably some weird caching problem!

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  • GLM Velocity Vectors - Basic Maths to Simulate Steering

    - by Reanimation
    UPDATE - Code updated below but still need help adjusting my math. I have a cube rendered on the screen which represents a car (or similar). Using Projection/Model matrices and Glm I am able to move it back and fourth along the axes and rotate it left or right. I'm having trouble with the vector mathematics to make the cube move forwards no matter which direction it's current orientation is. (ie. if I would like, if it's rotated right 30degrees, when it's move forwards, it travels along the 30degree angle on a new axes). I hope I've explained that correctly. This is what I've managed to do so far in terms of using glm to move the cube: glm::vec3 vel; //velocity vector void renderMovingCube(){ glUseProgram(movingCubeShader.handle()); GLuint matrixLoc4MovingCube = glGetUniformLocation(movingCubeShader.handle(), "ProjectionMatrix"); glUniformMatrix4fv(matrixLoc4MovingCube, 1, GL_FALSE, &ProjectionMatrix[0][0]); glm::mat4 viewMatrixMovingCube; viewMatrixMovingCube = glm::lookAt(camOrigin, camLookingAt, camNormalXYZ); vel.x = cos(rotX); vel.y=sin(rotX); vel*=moveCube; //move cube ModelViewMatrix = glm::translate(viewMatrixMovingCube,globalPos*vel); //bring ground and cube to bottom of screen ModelViewMatrix = glm::translate(ModelViewMatrix, glm::vec3(0,-48,0)); ModelViewMatrix = glm::rotate(ModelViewMatrix, rotX, glm::vec3(0,1,0)); //manually turn glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(movingCubeShader.handle(), "ModelViewMatrix"), 1, GL_FALSE, &ModelViewMatrix[0][0]); //pass matrix to shader movingCube.render(); //draw glUseProgram(0); } keyboard input: void keyboard() { char BACKWARD = keys['S']; char FORWARD = keys['W']; char ROT_LEFT = keys['A']; char ROT_RIGHT = keys['D']; if (FORWARD) //W - move forwards { globalPos += vel; //globalPos.z -= moveCube; BACKWARD = false; } if (BACKWARD)//S - move backwards { globalPos.z += moveCube; FORWARD = false; } if (ROT_LEFT)//A - turn left { rotX +=0.01f; ROT_LEFT = false; } if (ROT_RIGHT)//D - turn right { rotX -=0.01f; ROT_RIGHT = false; } Where am I going wrong with my vectors? I would like change the direction of the cube (which it does) but then move forwards in that direction.

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  • Why, on iOS, is glRenderbufferStorage appearing to fail?

    - by dugla
    On an iOS device (iPad) I decided to change the storage for my renderbuffer from the CAEAGLLayer that backs the view to explicit storage via glRenderbufferStorage. Sadly, the following code fails to result in a valid FBO. Can someone please tell me what I missed?: glGenFramebuffers(1, &m_framebuffer); glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, m_framebuffer); glGenRenderbuffers(1, &m_colorbuffer); glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, m_colorbuffer); GLsizei width = (GLsizei)layer.bounds.size.width; GLsizei height = (GLsizei)layer.bounds.size.height; glRenderbufferStorage(m_colorbuffer, GL_RGBA8_OES, width, height); glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_RENDERBUFFER, m_colorbuffer); Note: The layer size is valid and correct. This is solid production working rendering code. The only change I am making is the line glRenderbufferStorage(...) previously I did: [m_context renderbufferStorage:GL_RENDERBUFFER fromDrawable:layer] Thanks, Doug

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  • Island Generation Library

    - by thatguy
    Can anyone recommend a tile map generator (written in Java is a plus), where one can control some land types? For example: islands, large continents, singe large continent, archipelago, etc. I've been reading through many posts on the subject, it almost seems like many are just rolling their own. Before creating my own, I'm wondering if there's already an open source implementation that I might not be finding. If not, it seems like using Perlin Noise is a popular choice. Some articles I've been reading: http://simblob.blogspot.com/2010/01/simple-map-generation.html Generate islands/continents with simplex noise https://sites.google.com/site/minecraftlandgenerator/

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  • How to run the pixel shader effcet??

    - by Yashwinder
    Below stated is the code for my pixel shader which I am rendering after the vertex shader. I have set the wordViewProjection matrix in my program but I don't know to set the progress variable i.e in my pixel shader file which will make the image displayed by the help of a quad to give out transition effect. Here is the code for my pixel shader program::: As my pixel shader is giving a static effect and now I want to use it to give some effect. So for this I have to add a progress variable in my pixel shader and initialize to the Constant table function i.e constantTable.SetValue(D3DDevice,"progress",progress ); I am having the problem in using this function for progress in my program. Anybody know how to set this variable in my program. And my new pixel Shader code is float progress : register(C0); sampler2D implicitInput : register(s0); sampler2D oldInput : register(s1); struct VS_OUTPUT { float4 Position : POSITION; float4 Color : COLOR0; float2 UV : TEXCOORD 0; }; float4 Blinds(float2 uv) { if(frac(uv.y * 5) < progress) { return tex2D(implicitInput, uv); } else { return tex2D(oldInput, uv); } } // Pixel Shader { return Blinds(input.UV); }

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  • About Alpha blending sprites in Direct3D9

    - by ambrozija
    I have a Direct3D9 application that is rendering ID3DXSprites. The problem I am experiencing is best described in this situation: I have a texture that is totally opaque. On top of it I draw a rectangle filled with solid color and alpha of 128. On top of the rectangle I have a text that is totally opaque. I draw all of this and get the resulting image through GetRenderTarget call. The problem is that on the resulting image, on the area where the transparent rectangle is, I have semi transparent pixels. It is not a problem that the rectangle is transparent, the problem is that the resulting image is. The question is how to setup the blending so in this situation I don't get the transparent pixels in the resulting image? I use the sprite with D3DXSPRITE_ALPHABLEND which sets the device state to D3DBLEND_SRCALPHA and D3DBLEND_INVSRCALPHA. I tried couple of combinations of SetRenderState, like D3DBLEND_SRCALPHA, D3DBLEND_DESTALPHA etc., but couldn't make it work. Thanks.

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  • SlimDX Texture2D from DataRectangle array

    - by Rebekah Bryant
    I'm totally new to DirectX. I'm using SlimDX to create a texture consisting of 13046 DataRectangles. Here's my code. It's breaking on the Texture2D constructor with "E_INVALIDARG: An invalid parameter was passed to the returning function (-2147024809)." inParms is just a struct containing handle to a Panel. public Renderer(Parameters inParms, ref DataRectangle[] inShapes) { Texture2DDescription description = new Texture2DDescription() { Width = 500, Height = 500, MipLevels = 1, ArraySize = inShapes.Length, Format = Format.R32G32B32_Float, SampleDescription = new SampleDescription(1, 0), Usage = ResourceUsage.Default, BindFlags = BindFlags.RenderTarget | BindFlags.ShaderResource, CpuAccessFlags = CpuAccessFlags.None, OptionFlags = ResourceOptionFlags.None }; SwapChainDescription chainDescription = new SwapChainDescription() { BufferCount = 1, IsWindowed = true, Usage = Usage.RenderTargetOutput, ModeDescription = new ModeDescription(0, 0, new Rational(60, 1), Format.R8G8B8A8_UNorm), SampleDescription = new SampleDescription(1, 0), Flags = SwapChainFlags.None, OutputHandle = inParms.Handle, SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard }; Device.CreateWithSwapChain(DriverType.Hardware, DeviceCreationFlags.None, chainDescription, out mDevice, out mSwapChain); Texture2D texture = new Texture2D(Device, description, inShapes); } EDIT: Running with the Debug flag set, I got: D3D11 ERROR: ID3D11Device::CreateTexture2D: The format (0x6, R32G32B32_FLOAT) cannot be bound as a RenderTarget, or cast to a format that could be bound as a RenderTarget. This is because the current graphics implementation does not even support this Format. Therefore this format does not support D3D11_BIND_RENDER_TARGET. Use CheckFormatSupport to check Format support. [ STATE_CREATION ERROR #92: CREATETEXTURE2D_UNSUPPORTEDFORMAT] D3D11 ERROR: ID3D11Device::CreateTexture2D: Returning E_INVALIDARG, meaning invalid parameters were passed. [ STATE_CREATION ERROR #104: CREATETEXTURE2D_INVALIDARG_RETURN]

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  • Pong Collision Help in C# w/ XNA

    - by Ramses Brown
    Edit: My goal is to have it function like this: Ball hits 1st Quarter = rebounds higher (aka Y++) Ball hits 2nd Quarter = rebounds higher (using random value) Ball hits 3rd Quarter = rebounds lower (using random value) Ball hits 4th Quarter = rebounds lower (aka Y--) I'm currently using Rectangle Collision for my collision detection, and it's worked. Now I wish to expand it. Instead of it simply detecting whether or not the paddle/ball intersect, I want to make it so that it can determine what section of the paddle gets hit. I wanted it in 4 parts, with each having a different reaction to impact. My first thought is to base it on the Ball's Y position compared to the Paddle's Y position. But since I want it in 4 parts, I don't know how to do that. So it's essentially be if (ball.Y > Paddle.Y) { PaddleSection1 == true; } Except modified so that instead of being top half/bottom half, it's 1st Quarter, etc.

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